1. The concept
Revival (or awakening; German Erweckung) as a Pietist term with biblical roots denotes activation of faith. Efforts of all religious bodies to intensify personal faith are documented throughout Europe from the 17th century on (Jansenism, Quietism, Pietism, and Hassidism). The term itself was used both collectively and individually from the early 18th century on, initially in Halle Pietism and the Moravian Church (Unitas fratrum). It could be understood in a re…