Agricultural specialization in the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the early modern period as specialized production of agricultural products is best discussed in a regional rather than an operational context. Initially, physiographic features provided the impetus for agricultural specialization (Land use system; Ecotype). By the high Midde Ages, many regions not well suited to arable crops had already turned to animal husbandry. In the Alpine region and its foothills, so-called Schweighöfe were established,…