Discourse markers (DMs) constitute a grammatical category of utterances functioning in the realm of discourse and interaction.

When using language, i.e., ‘languaging’ (Becker 1988), we generally look through language at a world we believe to exist beyond language. However, we may also employ language for ‘metalanguaging’ (Maschler 1994), i.e., looking at the process of language use itself. This discourse-related need has brought about the emergence of the category of DMs, namely linguistic elements employed for …