International reform movement from the mid-1890s through around 1914, affecting all genres of art. The aim was to contribute to an improvement in living conditions and to the cultural refinement of society by means of education in taste and aesthetic design in everyday life. The Galician graphic artist, book illustrator, and photographer Ephraim Moses Lilien (1874–1925) stood out among Jewish practitioners of art nouveau (Ger. Jugendstil). Lilien memorably used the art nouveau s…