A revolt against Russian rule that took place in Congress Poland in January 1863. The uprising, which began in Warsaw and spread to the other partitioned territories of the former Polish-Lithuanian kingdom, aimed to restore Polish sovereignty. Even Jews, who made up about 10% of the population of Congress Poland, took part in the uprising, not least because they hoped to attain their emancipation. The spirit of fraternity (braterstwo) that arose between Jewish and non-Jewish insurgents during the January Uprising represents a high point of Polish-Jewish relatio…