In the course of the 17th century, Livorno became one of the most important port cities in the Mediterranean region. Sephardic merchants, who carried out trade from the Atlantic coast to India as part of a network of trade and culture of Sephardic communities, made a substantial contribution to the development of the port. Thanks to far-reaching privileges, by around 1750 the Livornese Jewish community (nazione ebrea) had become the second …