The name of an ordinance enacted in 1882 in Russia under Czar Alexander III that discriminated against Jews. It aimed at restricting the Jewish presence in the Pale of Settlement to the cities, limiting land ownership, leaseholding, and administration of property by Jews, and preventing Jews from trading on Sundays and Christian holidays. The ordinance was issued after a series of pogroms following the murder of Czar Alexander II and remained in force until the February Revolutio…