Science denotes the rationalistic description and explanation of nature, which originated in Ancient Greece and was developed further in the Islamic and Christian civilizations of the Middle Ages. Jewish cultures came in contact with it in different ways, with an inherent tension emerging: while science relies on the independent human intellect alone as its highest authority, Judaism is based on a series of canonical texts such as the Bible (Tanakh), Mishnah, Talmud, and Midrashim, whose legi…