Mounting Jewish-Muslim friction in Constantine during the Algerian War of Independence exploded on Saturday morning, May 12, 1956.  As Jews coming from morning prayers took a Shabbat apéritif at Jewish-owned cafés on the Rue de France, which straddled the Muslim and Jewish quarters, a Muslim threw a grenade into a café.  No one was injured, but when the assailant fled, several Jews opened fire and followed in pursuit, eventually killing up to thirty Muslims and wounding several others. The Jews who retaliated in this way were members of the Misgeret (The Framework), a secret local s…