1. In the middle ages

Conversion to Islam by Jews in the Middle Ages must be examined in two different contexts. The first is conversion as an element of Islamization, the complex religious, social, and cultural changes that transformed societies of the Middle East, North Africa (see Maghreb), al-Andalus, and parts of Central Asia over the course of two to four centuries (or more in some areas). Second are records of individual Jews, known and unknown, who converted. Evidence for these is…