- translators/interpreters, Ibn Tibbon, Jacob ben Machir, Obadiah ha-Sefardi
- Jewish
- in Algeria
- Constantine, Renassia, Joseph
- at court of Castile, Judah ben Moses ha-Kohen
- in Baghdad, Haddad, Ezra
- in Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- al-Ḥarīzī, Ḥarīzī, Judah ben Solomon al-
- in Israel, Qafiḥ, Joseph
- in Italy, Romanelli, Samuel
- in Morocco, Nahum ben Jacob ha-Ma‘aravi
- in Turkey/Ottoman Empire, Galante, Abraham (Avram), Ottoman Empire, Dragomans (Tercuman; Translators)
- converts to Islam, Ishak Efendi, Hoca
- in Algeria
- in Syria, Moyal, Esther Azhari
- in Tunisia, female, Ghe…
- Jewish