Numerous Judeo-Arabic translations of the Bible were composed throughout the centuries. These include pre-Saʿadian translations extant in fragments from the Cairo Geniza, Saʿadya Gaon’s monumental Bible translation known as the Tafsīr, Bible translations composed by early Karaite scholars (see Karaism), the later shurūḥ (sing. sharḥ ) that were transmitted in many Jewish communities in the Muslim world, and more. By contrast, translations of rabbinic sources into Arabic are much less common.

Manuscript fragments with translations of sections from the Mishna have b…