Encyclopedia of Public International Law in Asia Online

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5. State Responsibility | Philippines
(1,018 words)

5.1 Philippine Comfort Women

On 23 November 1944, Japanese troops attacked the town of Mapanique in Pampanga, Philippines – a known hotbed of anti-Japanese resistance. They went on a murderous rampage, gathering men and boys, castrating them, and forcing their victims to put their severed organs in their mouths, before burning them alive. Then the soldiers forced women and girls to march to a “Bahay na Pula” (Red House) in San Ildefonso, Bulacan. There, soldie…

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Bagares, Romel Regalado, “5. State Responsibility | Philippines”, in: Encyclopedia of Public International Law in Asia Online, General Editor: Seokwoo Lee. Consulted online on 01 October 2023 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2772-8161_EPIL_COM_2045>
First published online: 2021
First print edition: 20210922



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