- ʿudhrī poetry Representations: Poetry and Prose, Premodern: Arabic and Persian
- Uighur see Uyghur
- ulema see also fatwas, Arabian Peninsula: Early 20th Century to Present, Arabian Peninsula: Early 20th Century to Present, Colonialism: 18th to Early 20th Century, Euro-American Women's Studies and Islamic Cultures, History of Islam in China: Mid-18th to Early 20th Century: Overview, History: East, South, and Southeast Asia, Malay World: 18th to Early 20th Century, Malaysia and Singapore: Early 20th Century to Present, Morocco: Mid-18th to Early 20th Century, Muslim Communities i…