This entry deals with the development of women's and human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and changing gender relations in North Africa. It focuses on Morocco but includes Mauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. Besides feminist NGOs, women have been very active in establishing the basis of a broad and vibrant civil society. In Morocco, the foundation of the Association de lutte contre le SIDA (AIDS) by the medical doctor Hakima Himmich in 1988 was a major step. Women have also been very ac…