This entry deals mainly with Azerbaijan. This is because of the shortage of relevant scholarship on the rest of the Muslim Caucasus. In this region the pre-Soviet religious prescriptions on the seclusion of women reinforced the association between the domestic and the feminine. In the wealthy urban homes the gendered division of space confined women to ichari ev (inner home). What survived from this tradition in the Soviet era was the notion that it is the husband/father's duty to conduct the household's dealings with the outside world: shopping (espe…