Gender and family relations in Turkey are influenced by traditions stemming from the Ottoman-Islamic heritage, pre-Islamic Turkic origins, and Mediterranean culture, all interacting with the processes of a revolutionary modernization. Turkey is an extremely heterogeneous country and women's positions and gender relations in the family vary significantly according to place of residence, level of education, and professional status.

The position of women in the family and society changed considerably after the Kemalist reforms, which had the aim of establ…