Throughout Islamic history as well as during the contemporary period, Muslim jurists, reformers, and latterly feminists have discussed the concept of women as witnesses in Islamic law, yet the topic has not achieved a prominent status within Islamic legal discourse.

Providing legal evidence is imperative in upholding the Sharīʿa, or divine law in Islam. The three methods through which legal evidence can be provided in the Sharīʿa are confession ( iqrār ), testimony ( shahāda ), and oath ( yamīn ). Testimony is defined as a statement in court concerning the rights of others,…