Displacement of pastoralists occurs for many reasons, although with modernization the causes changed. Men and women's roles in accommodating displacement differed. Droughts, market shifts, feuds, and wars have all caused temporary or permanent moves. Unpredictability of resources is assumed and tribes have mechanisms to manage movement. Kinship networks, tribal alliances, contracts, and treaties were peaceful and normal methods of enabling mobility in bad years (Jaussen 1948, 117–18, Musil 1928…