The overwhelming effect of environmental displacement in Islamic Sub-Saharan Africa has been in areas affected by drought, famine, and war. The main locus of this has been Sahelian Africa and the Horn of Africa, where widespread droughts and wars affected the region in the 1970s and 1980s. This trend continues today with droughts affecting countries in West Africa and with new conflicts in Sudan and the Horn of Africa.

The effects of drought on women are myriad. During periods of crisis, women are affected because they are responsible for both reproductive and pr…