Migration and the transnational flow of people across borders have led to a steady stream of immigrants and refugees to North America. As Muslim diasporas in North America have grown over the last few decades adding to the racial, ethnic, and religious pluralism of society, both public and private educational systems are slowly adapting to the needs of multiculturalism. Within this context, Muslim girls and women face particular problems in both public and private educational sites.

In public schools, the pressures of conforming to the social and cultural norms of the s…