Afghanistan is distinguished by a long nomadic and tribal history that continues to affect the migration patterns of women today. In this strict Muslim and patriarchal society, Afghan men have restricted and controlled the migratory patterns of their wives and daughters for several centuries. By the mid-twentieth century nomadic groups became less prominent across Afghanistan, accounting for only one-sixth of the total population. This led to greater seclusion of women, or purdah, and the promotion of a more sedentary way of life.

Since the 1970s, however, Afghan women have b…