National constitutions in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine identify the equality of citizens of both sexes before the law; Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon ratified the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). This suggests uneven patterns of worldwide protection, meaning some Arab women enjoy law-based health benefits, employment safeguards, and paid maternity leave, while others are left unprotected. In general, working women enjoy differential wo…