Although the Qurʾān is believed to be the word of God, the authenticity of which is not questioned by the followers of Islam, like all texts, it has been open to interpretation, by both believers and non-Muslim observers and analysts. Depending on the status and ideological position of the interpreter, there is a considerable variation as to what constitutes women's rights and obligations according to the Qurʾān.

Interpretations of the Qurʾān with regard to women and gender relations, produced in Turkey since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in October…