In mosques around the world, male worshippers overwhelmingly outnumber female. The majority of mosques in North America follow this global Muslim trend. A 2000 survey of 416 mosques in the United States found that 78 percent of participants on Fridays are men, 15 percent are women, and 7 percent are children (Bagby, Perl, and Froehle 2001, 9). Most North American women do not attend the Friday congregational prayer (jumʿa) because it is not obligatory for them under Islamic law. Islamic law does, howeve…