Compared to research on Africa, Asia, and Latin America, there has been relatively less attention paid to spirit possession (Egypt ʿuzr, Morocco maskūn or majdūb) in Arab states. Indeed, of the literature on spirit possession in Arab states, much suggests that these practices are more predominant among female African migrants or former slaves and servants in Arab states (cf. Fahim 1973, Fakhouri 1968, Natvig 1991). While there are exceptions to this generalization (cf. Morsy 1991), which will be discussed below, and, c…