Although Iranian youth have been the subject of state development policies for several decades, the fully-fledged arrival of what can be and has been identified in the Iranian public discourse as a youth culture and movement must be traced to the post-revolutionary era, particularly in the mid to late 1990s. In the 1960s and 1970s various attempts were made to organize and create public spaces – for example, the Kākh-i Javānān (Palace of Youth) or summer and athletic camps – for the youth of bot…