I. Philosophy – II. Philosophy of Religion – III. Science and Religion
I. Philosophy
The contrasting positions held by empiricists and rationalists (Rationalism) were originally employed in ancient medicine, and in modern philosophy until I. Kant, to identify instances of bias that were to be avoided; the concept was subsequently used in a neutral or even in an approving sense. In addition, 1. the adjective “empirical” serves to systematically identify epistemological (Epistem…