[German Version]

S. Freud developed psychoanalysis as a method of investigating unconscious processes, as a theory of behavior and experience, and as a psychotherapeutic “talking cure” (Psychotherapy) for mental disorders. Psychiatry was revolutionized: for the first time, mentally ill individuals were recognized as subjects of their own biography and illness. Freud’s worldview as an atheistic Jew and as a natural scientist in the 19th-centur…