I. Old Testament

The noun tôrāh (הרָוֹתּ) is usually derived from the verb הרי/yrh, “show,” hiphil “instruct.” In Israelite wisdom literature, it denotes ethical and religious instruction by parents (Prov 1:8; 4:1; 6:20; 31:26) or sages (Prov 13:14) as well as religious instruction by priests (Jer 18:18). As a term denoting the law (Law and legislation: II; LXX: νόμος/nómos), it stands at the end of an ongoing theologization of the law in ancient Israel, following the Deutero…