The laws of nature are the experiential statements of the natural sciences and are taken to be universally valid. They are statements about “phenomena”, and in accordance with the type of knowledge aimed at in science do not deal with the “thing in itself”.

1. Formulation. Laws of nature are formulatedas universal propositions or as existence-propositions (cf. the existential or particular quantifiers in Logic).

a) Universal propositions about the facts of nature are laws when they have a high degree of confi…