In Volume 3: Lexicography; Grammar; Prosody, and Poetics; Rhetoric, Riddles, and Chronograms; Ornate Prose; Proverbs; Tales

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§ 243. ʿAbd al-Qāhir b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Jurjānī, who died in 471/1078–9 or 474/1081–2, is best known as the author of two Arabic grammatical text-books but he wrote several other works including the Asrār al-balāg̲h̲ah (Edition: Cairo 1319–20/1902), the Dalāʾil al-iʿjāz (2nd edition: Cairo 1331/1913) and a commentary on the Qurʾān entitled Durj al-durar.

[Brockelmann i p. 287, Sptbd. i p. 503.]

al-ʿAwāmil, or as it is usually called in India, Miʾat ʿāmil, a concise work on the grammatical regents in Arabic (for the numerous mss., editions and Arabic commentaries see Brockelmann. The Arabic text of the Miʾat ʿāmil has been published several times with Persian marginal notes by Ilāhī Bak̲h̲s̲h̲ Faiḍābādī).

Persian metrical paraphrases/commentaries:

(1)

(beg. Baʿd i tauḥīd i K̲h̲udāwand u durūd i Muṣṭafā * Naʿt i āl i pāk i Paig̲h̲ambar Rasūl i mujtabā *

Hast madḥ i k̲h̲usrau i g̲h̲āzī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥusain * Ḥāmī i dīn āftāb i maʿdilat ẓill i K̲h̲udā *

… (l. 5) ʿĀmil andar naḥw ṣad bās̲h̲ad c̲h̲unīn farmūdah ast * S̲h̲aik̲h̲ ʿAbd al-Qāhir i Jurjānī ān pīr i hudā *), a version dedicated to a king called Muʿīn (or Muʿizz¹) al-Dīn Ḥusain (or Ḥasan²) and ascribed sometimes to Jāmī: Loth 983 (1) ( ah 1171/1758), 984 (2) ( ah 1194/1780), Ethé 2629 (3), Blochet ii 931 (6) ( ah 1212/1797–8), iv 2413, 2414, Ivanow Curzon 561 (1), Bānkīpūr xvii 1490, 1498, Aberystwyth 21, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 nos. 188, 161, Aumer 168 (2) (“Manẓūm i ʿAwāmil li-Mullā Jāmī”), Bodleian 1658, Browne Pers. Cat. 177 (2), Vollers 887 (1).

Editions: Lucknow 1259/1843° (on pp. 41–5 of Majmūʿah i naḥw … Naḥw i Mīr K̲h̲ulāṣah Jumal. Tatimmah Miʾat ʿāmil); Lucknow [1860?°] (on pp. 34–8 of the collection Naḥw i Mīr K̲h̲ulāṣah Jumal Tatimmah Miʾat ʿāmil….); Bombay 1261/ 1845° (in a Majmūʿah i ṣarf u naḥw. See Mīzān al-ṣarf in the Appendix at the end of this sub-section); Cawnpore 1289/1872* (in a collection containing the Naḥw i Mīr and seven other grammatical tracts, of which the last two are metrical commentaries on the Miʾat ʿāmil by ʿAbd al-Rasūl and Jāmī); 1295/1878°* (on pp. 43–6 of the Majmūʿah i Naḥw i Mīr K̲h̲ulāṣah Jumal Tatimmah Miʾat ʿāmil ʿUmdat al-marām S̲h̲arḥ ¶ i Miʾat ʿāmil …, eight tracts of which the last two are commentaries on the Miʾat ʿāmil by ʿAbd al-Rasūl and Jāmī); Peshawar 1292/1875* (Naẓm i Miʾat ʿāmil. Pp. 4); Tihrān 1308/1890–1 (ʿAwāmil i manẓūm. Ed. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār Iṣfahānī. In the Majmūʿah i Niṣāb [al-ṣibyān] u Lug̲h̲āt i mut̲h̲allat̲h̲ah u Tajārib i insān i C̲h̲ihilḥadīt̲h̲ u Ṣad kalimah. Mus̲h̲ār i 1137); Lahore 1898° (S̲h̲arḥ i Naẓm al-ʿAwāmil al-miʾah al-mausūmah bi-’l-S̲h̲ammah. The Persian metrical paraphrase with an Arabic commentary entitled al-S̲h̲ammah. Pp. 32); [1896°] (S̲h̲arḥ al-s̲h̲arḥ i Miʾat ʿāmil. An anonymous Arabic commentary on the Arabic text of the Miʾat ʿāmil, with an Arabic supercommentary by M. Masʿūd and the Persian metrical paraphrase); Jaunpūr 1321/1903° (Al-risālat al-mausūmah bi-Kas̲h̲ f al-Manẓūm. The Persian metrical paraphrase with an Arabic commentary entitled Kas̲h̲f al-Manẓūm by Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Qādir Isrāʾīlī. Pp. 50).

Commentaries on the preceding versification:

(a) S̲h̲arḥ i Miʾat ʿāmil³ (beg. al-Ḥ. [li-llāhi?] wa-’l-minnah wa-’l-ṣalātu ʿalā Rasūlihi wa-auliyāʾihi [wa?] ’l-jinnah), an anonymous commentary (presumably in Persian), in which the words of the text are introduced with the word Qāla and those of the commentary with the word Aqūlu: Bānkīpūr xvii 1491 ( ah 1256/1840).

(b) S̲h̲arḥ i Manẓūmah i munawwar⁴ (beg. Munʿim i nuṭq u bayān rā ḥamd gūyam awwalā * Zānkih juz Wai kas na-bās̲h̲ad mustaḥiqq i har t̲h̲anā), apparently a metrical commentary incorporating the original manẓūmah⁵ and consisting of 108 baits: Berlin 112 (1).

(c) al-Fawāʾid al-Faqīhīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. jaʿala ’l-ʿilma wasīlat^an ilā naili ’l-darajāt), an Arabic prose commentary written by an anonymous author for his son, S. Faqīh al-Dīn: Berlin 112 (2).

(d) A commentary by a certain Muḥsin (not Muḥsin i Faiḍ) is mentioned as in current use at the end of the biography of Muḥsin i Faiḍ in the Rauḍāt al-jannāt p. 549.

¶ (2) (Naẓm i Miʾat ʿāmil) (beg. Ḥamd ast bī-qiyās ba-Mannān i Mustaʿān * Kaz s̲h̲ukr i Ū s̲h̲akar s̲h̲ikanad ṭūṭī i zabān) completed in 1169/1755–6 by “Nadīm”: Ivanow 1st Suppt. 893 (mid 18th cent.), Ivanow 858 (late 18th cent.).

(3) Naẓm i s̲h̲arḥ i duwum i Miʾat ʿāmil (sic?) (beg. Ibtidā sāzam ba-nām i pāk i ān Bī-ibtidā * Dar rah i idrāk i Ū har ʿaql rā ʿajz intihā), completed in 1216/1801–2 [see Mus̲h̲ār i 1138] by ʿAbd al-Rasūl: Bānkīpūr xvii 1500 ( ah 1257/1841).

Editions: Cawnpore 1289/1872* (in a collection of eight grammatical tracts entitled Majmūʿah i naḥw Naḥw i Mīr …), 1295/1878°* (in another edition of the same eight tracts entitled Majmūʿah i Naḥw i Mīr K̲h̲ulāṣah Jumal Tatimmah Miʾat ʿāmil ʿUmdat al-marām S̲h̲arḥ i Miʾat ʿāmil … P. 61 onwards).

(4) Persian metrical paraphrase ascribed to Jāmī: see the Cawnpore editions of 1289/1872*, 1295/1878°* mentioned above.

Persian prose commentaries:

(1)

S̲h̲arḥ i ʿAwāmil al-naḥw, by ʿAlī b. Ṭaifūr [probably ʿA. b. Ṭ. al-Bisṭāmī, for whom see pl. i §§ 218 (4), 262 (2)]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664( ah 1255/1839).

(2)

S̲h̲arḥ i ʿAwāmil i manẓūmah, by Nūr M. b. Fīrōz [doubtless identical with Nūr M. b. S̲h̲. M. Fīrōz b. S̲h̲. Fatḥ Allāh Lāhaurī, who dedicated to Aurangzēb ( ah 1069–1119/1659–1707) a commentary on the Ṣarf i Mīr (see under § 250 (1) infra)]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 no. 193 ( ah 1253/1837–8).

(3)

S̲h̲arḥ i kitāb i ʿAwāmil al-Jurjānī by ʿUbaid Allāh al-Bulg̲h̲ārī: Salemann-Rosen p. 17 nos. 43, 335, 336b.

(4)

Zubdat al-naḥw (beg. Allāhumma ḥarrif samta ’smika fiʿlanā wa-ḥarrifnā taḥrīf^an wa-ṣarrif naḥwa kalimatika), an anonymous commentary dedicated to Sir Robert Chambers [Chief Justice of Bengal, d. 1803] and divided into thirteen nauʿs, two faṣls and a tad̲h̲yīl: Bodleian 1659 ( ah 1196/1782).

(5)

S̲h̲arḥ i Miʾat ʿāmil, perhaps the S̲h̲arḥ i K̲h̲āfī⁶ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Al-ʿawāmil fī ’l-naḥw miʾah kih munqasim mī s̲h̲awand ba-dū nauʿ lafẓīyah u maʿnawīyah), Ethé 2433 (n.d.).

(6)

Hamburg 228 (3).

§ 244. Abū ’l-Faḍl Aḥmad b. M. al-Maidānī, who died at Nīs̲h̲āpūr in 518/1124, has already been mentioned as the author of al-Sāmī fī ’l-asāmī ( pl. iii § 117 supra).

¶ al-Hādī li-l-s̲h̲ādī (beg. Ammā baʿda ḥamdi ’llāhi ’llad̲h̲ī ’staʾthara bi-’l-baqāʾ), on the auxiliary parts of speech (al-adawāt, i.e. not only the particles but also the adverbs, pronouns, auxiliary verbs and nouns, etc.) with explanations in Persian, written after the completion of al-Sāmi fī ’l-asāmī, dedicated to the Qāḍī Abū ’l-Qāsim Manṣūr b. Aḥmad b. Saʿīd and divided into three qisms ((1) nouns, in twelve chapters, (2) verbs, in four chapters, (3) particles, in ten chapters): Ḥ.K̲h̲. vi p. 469, Cairo p. 433 ( ah 993/1585), apparently also p. 532 ult., Loth 1027 (1), Paris Arabic accessions 1884–1924 no. 6066 (18th cent.), Āyā Ṣōfyah 4441, Lālah-lī 3657 (2) (?).

Arabic commentary (probably by the author) on the verses quoted (beg. Ammā baʿda ḥamdi ’llāhi taʿālā ʿalā ālāʾihi): Uri p. 230 no. 1067 (3) ( ah 654/1256. See Leyden i, 2nd ed., p. 92, and Nicoll-Pusey p. 607), Leyden i, 1st ed. p. 30 no. 54, 2nd ed., p. 92 no. 162 ( ah 692/1293), Cairo p. 533.

§ 245. Nāṣir b. ʿAbd al-Saiyid al-Muṭarrizī was born at K̲h̲wārazm in 538/1143–4 and died there in 610/1213.

[Ency. Isl. under Muṭarrizī, Brockelmann i p. 293, Sptbd. i p. 514].

al-Miṣbāḥ, a manual of Arabic syntax in Arabic (for which see Brockelmann).

Persian commentaries:

(1) Qindīl (beg. Sp. u st. i bisyār u maḥmadat u āfrīn i bī-s̲h̲umār), written in 1106/1694 by M. Saʿd [ʿAẓīmābādī, for whom see note on § 246 (2) (b) infra]: Bānkīpūr ix 778, 779, xvii 1729.

(2) S̲h̲arḥ i Miṣbāḥ (beg. Ammā baʿda ḥamdi ’llāhi d̲h̲ī ’l-inʿām), by an unknown author: Bānkīpūr ix 780 (only three of the five chapters. ah 1231/1816).

§ 246. Jamāl al-Dīn ʿUt̲h̲mān b. ʿUmar, known as Ibn-Ḥājib, was the son of a Kurdish chamberlain in the employ of the Amīr ʿIzz al-Dīn Mūsak al-Ṣalāḥī and was born towards the close of the year 570/1174–5 at Asnā in Upper Egypt. He died at Alexandria on 26 S̲h̲awwāl 646/11 Feb. 1249.

[Ency. Isl. under Ibn al-Ḥād̲j̲ib; Brockelmann i p. 303, Sptbd. i p. 531.]

(1)

al-Kāfiyah, a celebrated manual of Arabic syntax (for which see Brockelmann).

Persian translation: Kāfiyah i mutarjam maʿa Fawāʾid i s̲h̲āfiyah i Zainī-zādah [the Arabic text of the Kāfiyah with the Arabic commentaries of Zainī-zādah (entitled al-Fawāʾid al-s̲h̲āfiyah ʿalā iʿrāb al-Kāfiyah), M. Abū Saʿīd K̲h̲ān, and S. Anwar ʿAlī. Edited with a Persian interlinear translation by Ilāhī Bak̲h̲s̲h̲] Cawnpore 1291/1874° (Pp. 392), 1299/1882° (Pp. 392), Lucknow 1311/1893° (pp. 392).

¶ Persian commentaries:

(a) (S̲h̲arīfī), or (S̲h̲arīfīyah), or (S̲h̲arḥ i Gīpāʾī) (beg. Al-kalimatu lafẓ^un wuḍiʿa li-maʿnan mufradⁱⁿ Maʿnī i kalimah dar aṣl i lug̲h̲at yak suk̲h̲an ast u maʿnī i wai dar iṣṭilāḥ i naḥwiyān), a commentary ascribed to al-Saiyid al-S̲h̲arīf ʿAlī b. M. al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413: see pl. i § 53) and said (Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., p. 15) to have been written by him when a poor student for the son of a gīpā-paz, who undertook to supply him with gīpā and bread: Sipahsālār ii p. 366 ( ah 1020/1611), D.M.G. 52 ( ah 1047/1638), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 no. 13 ( ah 1086/1675), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., no. 50 (not later than 1091/1680), Ethé 2434, Ivanow 1447, Madrās i 466.

Editions: S̲h̲arīfīyah, Delhi 1285/1868–9† (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 no. 223); Kāfiyah maʿa Ḥās̲h̲iyah i S̲h̲arīfīyah, Lucknow 1313/1895–6° (ed. M. ʿAbd al-ʿAlī Madrāsī. Pp. 140).

(b) Jāmiʿ al-g̲h̲umūḍ manbaʿ al-fuyūḍ, written in 1144/ 1731–2 (Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 135 penult.) at Aḥmadnagar by ʿAbd al-Nabī b. ʿAbd al-Rasūl Aḥmadnagarī (for whom see pl. i § 1011, iii § 44 supra), Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 628): Rehatsek p. 50 no. 77 ( ah 1226/1811), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1662 nos. 15, 163, 145.

Editions: Cawnpore 1292/1875† (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1662 no. 114); Cawnpore 1881° (4 pts. 2nd ed.); [Cawnpore] 1896° (4 pts. 4th ed.); Cawnpore 1903†.

(c) Mirʾāt (so Bodl.), or S̲h̲arḥ i Kāfiyah (beg. Kalmah i Lā-siwāhu kāfiyah * Li-d̲h̲awī ’l-mus̲h̲kilāti wāfiyah (?)), a metrical paraphrase by Maulawī Ibrāhīm: Bodleian 1662 (6) ( ah 1183/ 1769–70), Ross and Browne 177 (18th cent.), probably also Rehatsek p. 51 no. 15 (Risālah i manẓūmah dar naḥw, by Ibrāhīm).

Edition: S̲h̲arḥ i Kāfiyah i manẓūm, Lucknow 1872° (Pp. 50).

(d) Sirāj al-mutaʿallimīn (?⁷) (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Qāla C̲h̲unīn gūyad muḥarrir i īn maqāl), a commentary of unknown date by Burhān al-Dīn b. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn ʿAbd-Allāh-Jānī (? so Edwards: ʿAbd Allāh al-Jānī in Ivanow Curzon 557): Ivanow Curzon 557 ( ah 1233/1817), 558 (early 19th cent.).

Edition: Ḥall i tarkīb i Kāfiyah, [Lucknow] 1884° (followed by two grammatical tracts by M. Ḥasan Sanbhali. Pp. 343, 4, 10).

(e) S̲h̲arḥ i Kāfiyah, by Iʿjāz Aḥmad.

Edition: Kāfiyah maʿa s̲h̲arḥ i Fārisī, Delhi 1306/1889° (margin).

(f) S̲h̲arḥ i Kāfiyah, by S.M. b. Aʿẓam b. M. Mūsawī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 no. 98.

(g) S̲h̲arḥ i Kāfiyah, by M. Akbar: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 no. 159 (acephalous. ah 1263/1847).

¶ (h) S̲h̲arḥ i Kāfiyah, by Mir Saif: Āṣafīyah iii p. 702.

(j) Unidentified commentaries: Berlin 4 (22), 114, Blochet ii 930 (acephalous), Madrās i 467 (beg. Ba-hām i K̲h̲udāwand i Bak̲h̲s̲h̲āyandah i Mihrbān. Bismi ’llāhi dar aṣl Bi-’smi ’llāhi būdah bā kih ḥarf i jarr ast dar āmadah. ah 1056/1646), 468 (beg. Al-kalimah … mufradⁱⁿ al-kalimah ba-ḥasab i tarkīb mubtadāst), Peshawar 1329 (b), Rieu ii 523a (defective at both ends. 16th cent.).

Glossary: Lug̲h̲at al-Kāfiyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. kamā Huwa … wa-’l-ṣ. ʿalā nabīyihi wa-waṣīyihi wa-baʿd ḥaqīr … M. Salīm rā ba-k̲h̲āṭir i fātir rasīd), by … M. Salīm (part of whose name has been made illegible by worms): Bānkīpūr ix 775 ( ah 1113/1702).

Of the numerous Arabic commentaries on the Kāfiyah the best-known is al-Fawāʾid al-Ḍiyāʾīyah completed in Ramaḍān 897/ June-July 1492 by the celebrated poet, scholar and mystic ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad “Jāmī” (cf. pl. i § 1274, etc.) for his son Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Yūsuf. Upon this commentary the following supercommentaries are extant:

(i)

S̲h̲arḥ i S̲h̲arḥ i Jāmī, a s̲h̲arḥ i qaulī by an unknown author: Sipahsālār ii p. 353 no. 969 (acephalous, apparently autograph. First words … k̲h̲āṣṣah i K̲h̲udāy taʿālā ast. Al-ḥāl jawāb mī-gū’īm kih s̲h̲umā īn rāh rā qabūl dārīd kih jins i ḥamd k̲h̲āṣṣah i K̲h̲udāy taʿālā ast. ah 155, i.e. presumably 1055/1645).

(ii)

Intik̲h̲āb i bī-badal (a chronogram = 1102/1690–1) (beg. Sp. i qudsīasās), a supercommentary explaining primarily the difficult verses, traditions, examples and unusual words which occur in Jāmī’s commentary, by M. Saʿd Jaʿfarī:⁸ Bānkīpūr ix 776 ( ah 1234/1818–19), 777.

(iii)

Ḥās̲h̲iyah ʿalā ’l-Fawāʾid al-Ḍiyāʾīyah, by Yār M. Qāsim b. Abī ’l-Qāsim al-Buk̲h̲ārī: Leningrad Univ. 51a (Salemann-Rosen p. 14).

Another Arabic commentary on the Kāfiyah is that of M. b. Abī Bakr al-K̲h̲abīṣī (8th/14th century. See Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 532 no. 7). A Persian commentary on the verses quoted by al-K̲h̲abīṣī is

Ḥall i abyāt i S̲h̲arḥ i K̲h̲abīṣī bar Kāfiyah (beg. Sp. i bī-g̲h̲āyat u st. i bī-nihāyat Suk̲h̲an-āfrīnī rā sazā ast), written in 980/1572–3 by M. b. M. Atābakī: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., no. 32 (autograph).

(2)

al-S̲h̲āfiyah, a celebrated manual of Arabic accidence (for which see Brockelmann).

¶ Persian commentaries:

(a) S̲h̲arḥ, i S̲h̲āfiyah (beg. Ḥ. u sp. mar K̲h̲udāʾī rā kih mulham gardānīd jamīʿ i mak̲h̲lūqāt rā), by M. ʿAlī Karbalāʾī, i.e. probably the author of the Hādiyah i Quṭb-S̲h̲āhī⁹ (see pl. i § 84), which was dedicated to ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh of Golconda ( ah 1035–83/1626–72): Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., no. 58.

(b) ʿĀfiyah (beg. Sitāyis̲h̲ u niyāyis̲h̲ i bisyār sazāwār i ḥaḍrat i Kirdgārī kih qawānīn u qawāʿid i ʿilm i taṣrīf), a commentary completed in Ṣafar 1097/28 Dec. 1685–25 Jan. 1686 by M. Saʿd “G̲h̲ālib” Qurais̲h̲ī ʿAẓīmābādī:¹⁰ Rieu Suppt. 175 ( ah 1186/ 1772), Bānkīpūr ix 771 (19th cent.), 772 ( ah 1221/1806), Būhār 253 ( ah 1227/1812), Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 no. 56 ( ah 1231/1816).

Edition: ʿĀfiyah s̲h̲ārḥ i S̲h̲āfiyah, [Cawnpore] 1878° (Pp. 312).

(c) S̲h̲arḥ i S̲h̲āfiyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā baʿd c̲h̲unīn gūyad d̲h̲arrah i bī-miqdār), a commentary written at the request of Nawwāb Ḥusain ʿAlī K̲h̲ān by M. Hādī b. M. Ṣāliḥ Māzandarānī:¹¹ i.ḥ. 1865, Sipahsālār ii 968 ( ah 1133/1720–1), Ethé 2435 ( ah 1145/1733), Būhār 256 (18th cent.), 257, Bānkīpūr ix 770 (19th cent.), Ivanow Curzon 559 (19th cent.).

Edition: [Tihrān?] 1268/1852°¹² (foll. 218. Cf. Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, Ptd. bks., no. 22).

(d) S̲h̲arḥ i S̲h̲āfiyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l-Sārif al-lisān), a detailed commentary written for the instruction of Aurangzēb’s daughter Zeb al-Nisāʾ by G̲h̲ulām-Muḥammad b. Allāh-Yār al-Mirīdī (? or al-Rindī) al-Amrōhawī, after whose death in 1098/1686–7 the leaves of the original copy having become scattered were collected so far as possible and arranged and ¶ rewritten by his disciple and pupil G̲h̲ulām-ʿAlī at Burhānpūr: Ivanow Curzon 560 (apparently G̲h̲ulām-ʿAlī’s autograph).

(e) S̲h̲arḥ i S̲h̲āfiyah, by M. Ẓuhūr Allāh b. M. Nūr Allāh: Āṣafīyah ii P. 898 no.46 ( ah 1292/1875).

(f) Tarjamah i S̲h̲āfiyah: Peshawar 1324.

§ 247. ʿIzz al-Dīn Abū ’l-Maʿālī ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Abī ’l-Maʿālī al-K̲h̲azrajī al-Zanjānī completed at Bag̲h̲dād on 20 D̲h̲ū ’l-Ḥijjah 654/8 January 1257 an autograph ms. of his work al-Kāfī s̲h̲arḥ al-Hādī, which is now preserved in the Egyptian Library at Cairo (see Arabic catalogue, 1st ed., iv p. 88) and in the colophon of which his name and ancestry (apart from the laqab ʿIzz al-Dīn, which is omitted) are given as above.¹³ The dates of some of his other works are known, but there seems to be no record of the dates and places of his birth and death.

[Brockelmann i p. 283, Sptbd. i pp. 497–8; Ency. Isl. under Zand̲j̲ānī.]

(al-Taṣrīf al-ʿIzzī), or (al-ʿIzzī), or Mabādiʾ al-taṣrīf, a short Arabic work on the inflexion of the Arabic verb (for mss. and editions see Brockelmann).

Persian translations and commentaries:

(1) Kifāyat al-mubtadiʾīn (beg. Bi-’smika nastaʿīn wa-bi-ḥamdika nabtadiʾ yā Man s̲h̲arrafanā), by Abū Yazīd b. ʿImād b. Abī Yazīd Luṭf Allāh: Ivanow 1448 ( ah 1189/1775).

(2) S̲h̲arḥ i Taṣrīf, by ʿAbd al-ʿAlī b. M. known as Ḥāfiẓ Ṣāliḥ: Princeton 444 ( ah 1190/1776–7).

(3) S̲h̲arḥ i Zanjānī (beg. Iʿlam Bi-dān anna ba-durustī ’l-taṣrīf kih taṣrīf fī ’l-lug̲h̲ah dar zabān i ʿArab): Browne Pers. Cat. 175 (2) ( ah 974/1566).

(4) S̲h̲arḥ i Zanjānī: Āṣafīyah ii P. 898 no. 36 ( ah 1067/ 1656–7).

(5) Muntak̲h̲ab i S̲h̲arḥ i Zanjānī (beg. Bi-dān-kih muṣannif ḥamd na-guft bā wujūdī-kih ba-īrād i tasmiyah u ḥamd dar har kār i d̲h̲ī-s̲h̲ān k̲h̲abar wārid ast): Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2211 (19th cent.).

(6) (Tarjamah i Taṣrīf i Zanjānī) (beg. Bismi ’llahi … ammā baʿd īn risālah īst dar tarjamah i ṣarf i mus̲h̲tahir): Hamburg 228 (5).

(7) Tarjamah i Taṣrīf i Zanjānī: Salemann-Rosen p. 13 no. 557.

(8) Tarjamah i Taṣrīf (i Zanjānī?) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. [no more quoted in the catalogue]), ascribed on doubtful authority to S. ʿAbd Allāh b. Nūr Allāh b. Niʿmat Allāh: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., no. 18.

(9) Eton (5).

¶ Edition of the Arabic text with Persian marginal notes by M. Barakat Allāh Lak’hnawī: Zanjānī muḥas̲h̲s̲h̲ā, Lucknow [1907°] (Pp. 32).

§ 248. M. b. ʿAbd Allāh b. M. ʿAbd Allāh b. Mālik al-Ṭāʾī al-Jaiyānī, commonly called Ibn Mālik, was born at Jaen (Spain) in or about 600/1203–4 and died at Damascus on 12 S̲h̲aʿbān 672/21 Feb. 1274.

[Ency. Isl. under Ibn Mālik; Brockelmann i p. 298, Sptbd. i p. 521.]

al-Alfīyah, properly al-K̲h̲ulāṣat al-alfīyah, a celebrated manual of Arabic grammar in 1000 verses (for which see Brockelmann).

Persian commentaries:

(1) S̲h̲arḥ i Alfīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā baʿd Bar ḍamāʾir i ṣāfiyah i aṣḥāb i suk̲h̲an), by M. ʿAlī b. Maulānā Āqā Bābā-yi Sirkānī: Ivanow 1449 ( ah 1115/1703–4), Sipahsālār ii p. 341 ( ah 1122/1710), Bānkīpūr ix 782 ( ah 1155/1742), Madrās i 465, Manchester Mingana 713 (circ. ad 1780), Būhār 259 (19th cent.), Ethé 2436.

(2) S̲h̲arḥ i Alfīyah (beg. Sp. i st. mar Wāḍiʿī rā), written by Sulṭān-Muḥammad b. ʿAlī Kās̲h̲ānī for his son, M. Jaʿfar: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., no. 65 (defective at end. Presented by Ibn K̲h̲ātūn [in or about 1067/1656–7?¹⁴]), Browne Pers. Cat. 173 (defective at end).

(3) S̲h̲arḥ i Alfīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. jaʿalanī mina ’l-musta-qirrīn), a commentary written for his son, a namesake of the Sixth Imām (Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq), by M. Muqīm b. Ḥājj Ṣafī Qazwīnī, who deals first in Arabic with the parsing and grammatical analysis and then in Persian with the explanation of the verses: Majlis ii 880 ( ah 1115/1703–4).

(4) S̲h̲arḥ i Alfīyah (beg. K̲h̲ūbtar kalimaʾī kih arbāb i kalām), a large commentary by ʿAbd Allāh b. Manṣūr al-Qazwīnī:¹⁵ i.ḥ. 1759, Bānkīpūr ix 783–4 ( ah 1169/1755–6), Manchester Mingana 712 (b) (circ. ad 1770), Āṣafīyah ii P. 1664 no. 154.

(5) S̲h̲arḥ i Alfīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā ālāʾihi … wa-baʿd c̲h̲unīn gūyad bandah i qalīl al-biḍāʿah M.Ṣ.B.), a commentary selected from Arabic and Persian commentaries at the request of the author’s son, M. Muḥsin, and others by M. Ṣādiq Burūjirdī: Bānkīpūr ix 785 ( ah 1183/1770).

(6) S̲h̲arḥ i Alfīyah, or Tarjamah i Alfīyah (beg. Qāla Muḥammad^un huwa ’bnu Māliki … Guftah i Pisar i Mālik ast Ḥamd mī-gūyam Parwardgār ¶ i k̲h̲wud rā kih īn ṣifat dārad kih bihtarīn i mālikān ast), by an unknown author: Sipahsālār ii p. 342 (possibly autograph).

§ 249. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Zarrādī¹⁶ Sāmānawī Dihlawī, originally from Sāmānah,¹⁷ studied at Delhi in his youth under Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Hānsawī. Subsequently as a teacher he had among his pupils M. b. Mubārak Kirmānī, author of the Siyar al-auliyāʾ (see pl. i § 1258), and Sirāj al-Dīn ʿUt̲h̲mān Awad’hī (for whom see Nuzhat al-k̲h̲awāṭir ii p. 77; Ethé col. 333 no. 23; etc.). Although he is said to have been at first an opponent of the Ṣūfīs, he became a disciple of the great saint, Niẓām al-Dīn Auliyāʾ (for whom see pl. i § 1259 fn.). Having performed the pilgrimage and visited Bag̲h̲dād, he was shipwrecked and drowned on his return journey (in 748/1347–8 according to the K̲h̲azīnat al-aṣfiyāʾ, but this date does not seem to occur in the earlier authorities). Of his works the Nuzhat al-k̲h̲awāṭir mentions (1) al-ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah, on Arabic accidence, written for Sirāj al-Dīn ʿUt̲h̲mān, (2) al-K̲h̲amsīn, on difficult points of dogmatic theology, (3) Kas̲h̲f al-qināʿ ʿan wujūh al-samāʾ and (4) Uṣūl al-samāʾ.

[Siyar al-auliyāʾ pp. 362–75; Ak̲h̲bār al-ak̲h̲yār pp. 91–2; Haft iqlīm no. 388; Mirʾāt al-asrār, Ṭabaqah xx; Maṭlūb al-tālibīn, maṭlab 16 (Ethé col. 324, no. 5 among the k̲h̲alīfahs); Sawāṭiʿ al-anwār (Ethé col. 334 (d)); K̲h̲azīnat al-aṣfiyāʾ i p. 351; Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 160; Nuzhat al-k̲h̲awāṭir ii pp. 103–5.]

Zarrādī, as it is usually called, or (Qawānīn i Zarrādī), “a compendium of Arabic grammar” (Edwards) or “a tract on the Arabic verb” (Arberry): Lindesiana p. 235 no. 486 ( ah 1269/1852–3), Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 no. 40, Peshawar 1342.

Editions: [Delhi] Muṣṭafāʾī Press 1271/1855* (Zarrādī. With marginal notes by G̲h̲ulām-Aḥmad. Pp. 24); Lahore 1291/ 1874* (Qawānīn al-ṣarf mas̲h̲hūr bah Zarrādī. Pp. 32); [1876*] (Pp. 32); [1895°] (Pp. 32); [1919*] (Qawānīn i Zarrādī. Pp. 64).

Persian commentary: Nag̲h̲zak, by M. Masʿūd b. M. Yaʿqūb Multānī: Lindesiana p. 194 no. 487 ( ah 1218/1803–4), Peshawar 1320.

Editions: [Lucknow?] 1269/1852–3 (Nag̲h̲zak u Saʿdīyah. Ḥasanī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 51); place? 1283/ 1866–7 (Nag̲h̲zak u Saʿdīyah. See Āṣafīyah ii p. 902 no. 25); Lahore 1890° (N. s̲h̲arḥ i Z. Pp. 156).

Arabic commentary: Fawāʾid al-Ḥaqqīyah, by Aḥmad-jī b. M. S̲h̲āh-Gul: Delhi 1299/1882° (Pp. 80).

¶ § 250. al-Saiyid al-S̲h̲arīf ʿAlī b. M. al-Jurjānī, who was born near Astarābād in 740/1340 and died at S̲h̲īrāz in 816/1413, has already been mentioned ( pl. i § 53) as the author of a work entitled Tarjumān al-Qurʾān.

(1)

(Ṣarf i Mīr), as it is usually called, or (Taṣrīf al-Saiyid al-S̲h̲arīf), as Ḥ. K̲h̲. calls it, or Bi-dān, is it seems to be called in Central Asia, (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Bi-dān—Aiyadaka ’llāhu taʿālā fī ’l-dārain—kih kalimāt i lug̲h̲at i ʿArab bar sih gūnah ast), a concise treatise on Arabic accidence extant in mss. showing some variations: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 304, Rieu ii 522a (16th cent.), 525a, Loth 985 (3) ( ah 1081/1670–1), Blochet iv 2414 (?) ( ah 1086/ 1675), ii 931 (4), Ivanow 1453–5, Ethé 2406–9, 2413 (2), 2801 (1), Ross and Browne 155 (1), Lindesiana p. 167 no. 480b, Bānkīpūr ix 769, xvii 1464, 1674, Bodleian 1653–6, Būhār 260 (2), Berlin 107 (?), 108, 115 (1), Browne Pers. Cat. 176 (5), Suppt. 1511 (7), Eton 114 (3), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, mss., no. 114, Rosen Institut 122, Tashkent Acad. i 414–16, Upsala Zetterstéen pp. 8–18 etc., Vatican 72 (1), Vollers 887 (2).

Editions: [Calcutta 1805°] (pp. 122–64 in the first part of an untitled collection of grammatical tracts, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 infra); Lucknow 1260/1844* (Pp. 48. With notes by Anwar ʿAlī); [Lucknow] 1288/1871° (Pp. 48. Same notes); Bombay 1261/1845° (in a Majmūʿah i ṣarf u naḥw); [Persia] 1280/1863–4° (followed by the Arabic works al-Mabādiʾ fī ’l-taṣrīf and al-ʿAwāmil al-miʾah. Pp. 76; 38); Cawnpore 1285/1868* (Pp. 48); 1294/1877* (followed by appendices entitled Tabṣirah and Takmilah. Pp. 60); 1297/1880° (Ṣarf i Mīr Tabṣirah Takmilah. Pp. 60. Described as 11th [Nawal Kis̲h̲ōr] edition); and many others.

Commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Ṣarf i Mīr (beg. Naḥmaduka yā Man bi-yadihi ’l-ṣiḥḥatu wa-’l-saqām), a commentary dedicated to Aurangzēb ( ah 1069–1119/1659–1707) by Nūr Muḥammad b. S̲h̲. M. Fīrōz b. S̲h̲. Fatḥ Allāh Lāhaurī: Ivanow 1456 (18th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 nos. 17, 42, Madrās i 456, Peshawar 1338 (Tuḥfah s̲h̲arḥ i Ṣarf i Mīr al-maʿrūf Nūr M. i Mudaqqiq).

Edition: Nūr M. i Mudaqqiq S̲h̲arḥ i Ṣarf i Mīr maʿa Jāmiʿ al-taʿlīlāt, place? date? (see Peshawar p. 245 no. 1252).

Versification: Naẓm i Ṣarf i Mīr (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā baʿd mī-gūyad faqīr Walī Allāh ʿufiya ʿanhu C̲h̲ūn farzand i arjmand ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz … ba-ḥifẓ i qawāʿid i ṣarf mas̲h̲g̲h̲ūl s̲h̲ud), written for his son ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz (b. 1159/1746, d. 1239/1824: see pl. i § 40) by Walī Allāh [Dihlawī, d. 1176/1762–3: see pl. i § 35], who says that this work, consisting partly of verses by Jāmī, some unaltered, others rewritten, and partly of verses by Walī Allāh himself, is an improvement upon Jāmī’s not ¶ completely satisfactory versification of Jurjānī’s Ṣarf: Bānkīpūr xvii 1472 ( ah 1255/1839).

Edition: Lahore 1293/1876* (Ṣarf i Bahāʾī aur Ṣarf i Mīr i naẓm. Pp. 24, 8).

(2)

(Naḥw i Mīr) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Bi-dān—Ars̲h̲adaka ’llāhu taʿālā fī ’l-dārain kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarīst maḍbūṭ dar ʿilm i naḥw kih mubtadī rā), a concise manual of Arabic syntax: Bodleian 1664 (4) ( ah 1160/1747), 1668, Browne Pers. Cat. 178 (2) ( ah 1226/1811), Ivanow 1457, Curzon 561 (2), Bānkīpūr xvii 1501, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1724 no. 15 (11), Berlin 112 (3), Madrās i 469.

Editions: [Calcutta 1805°] (pp. 26–64 in the second part of an untitled collection of grammatical tracts, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 infra); Lucknow 1259/1843° (the first of five tracts, two of them in Persian, in a collection entitled Majmūʿah i naḥw … Naḥw i Mīr, K̲h̲ulāṣah, Jumal, Tatimmah, Miʾat ʿāmil. With marginal notes by Anwar ʿAlī. Pp. 43); [1860?°] (Naḥw i Mīr, K̲h̲ulāṣah, Jumal, Tatimmah, Miʾat ʿāmil, etc. With Ilāhī Bak̲h̲s̲h̲ Faiḍābādī’s ʿUmdat al-marām. Pp. 50); Cawnpore 1871† (Pp. 50 [doubtless the same collection as published at Lucknow in [1860?°]. Described as 1st [Nawal Kis̲h̲ōr] edition); 1295/1878°* (Majmūʿah i Naḥw i Mīr, K̲h̲ulāṣah, Jumal, Tatimmah, Miʾat ʿāmil, ʿUmdat al-marām, S̲h̲arḥ Miʾat ʿāmil. Pp. 96); 1882† (Naḥw i Mīr maʿa K̲h̲ulāṣah u Miʾat ʿāmil u Jumal u ʿUmdat al-marām u Tatimmah. Pp. 50. Described as 7th [Nawal Kis̲h̲ōr] edition; 1903† (Pp. 50. Described as 13th [Nawal Kis̲h̲ōr] edition); and others.

§ 251. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Masʿūd probably flourished about 800/ 1398 (see Brockelmann ii p. 21, Sptbd. ii p. 14).

Marāḥ al-arwāḥ, a well-known school grammar in Arabic.

Persian translation: Taṣrīf al-riyāḥ tarjamah i M. al-a., by Ṣiddīq Ḥasan K̲h̲ān (d. 1890: see pl. i § 48, etc.). Edition: Lucknow 1269/1853 (see Āṣafīyah ii p. 1662 no. 236, Maʾāt̲h̲ir i Ṣiddīqī iv, fihrist i kutub at end, p. 4).

Persian commentary: Mifrāḥ s̲h̲arḥ i M. al-a., described as Persian and therefore evidently different from the Arabic commentary of this title (for which see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii P. 14): Āṣafīyah iii P. 396 § 154 ( ah 1280/1863–4).

§ 252. According to ʿAbd al-Muqtadir (Bānkīpūr Cat. xvii p. 7) the Panj ganj is mentioned by Ṣafī b. Naṣīr in the preface to his Dastūr al-mubtadiʾ (see § 253 infra) “as one of his compositions”. Rieu and others have recorded this mention of the Panj ganj, but they appear not to have noticed that the author of the ¶ Dastūr al-mubtadiʾ claimed it as his own work. Until ʿAbd al-Muqtadir’s statement can be verified, the work must be treated as anonymous, but at any rate it cannot have been written later than the 9th/15th century.

Panj ganj (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā mā k̲h̲alaqa ’l-insāna wa-anṭaqa lahu ’l-lisāna … Bi-dān-kih īn kitābīst mubawwab u mufaṣṣal dar taṣrīf i suk̲h̲an i ʿArab jumlah i wai panj bāb ast u maḍmūn i har bābī panj faṣl ast u nām i wai Panj ganj ast¹⁸), a manual of Arabic accidence divided according to the preface into five bābs each subdivided into five faṣls, though none of the mss. hitherto described in detail seems to contain more than Bāb ii (faṣls: (1) classes of verbs, (2) hamzated verbs, (3) weak verbs, (4) geminate verbs, (5) taʿlīlāt, i.e. rules for the permutation of letters) preceded by a table of contents to Bāb i (on the regular verb), the reader being referred for information on the subject of Bāb i to the opening chapter (fātiḥah) of the author’s Maṣādir: Rieu ii 523a (Bāb ii only. ah 1068/1658), 524a (Bāb ii only. ah 1187/1773), 524b (Bāb ii only. Early 19th cent.), Ethé 2413 (1) (Bāb ii, faṣls 1–3. ah 1137/1724), 2411 (3) (Bāb ii, faṣls 1–4. ad 1793), 2412 (3) (Bāb ii?), 2419 (Bāb ii, faṣls 1–4), Bodleian 1660 (apparently Bāb ii, incomplete. ah 1190/1776–7), 1661 (Bāb ii, faṣls 1–4), Eton 114 (1), Blochet ii 931 (3) (Bābs i (table of contents only?) and ii. ah 1212/1797–8), Bānkīpūr xvii 1469 (Bābs?), 1676 (Bābs?), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1082 (Bābs?) 1083 (3) (Bābs?), Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 no. 47, Browne Pers. Cat. 176 (3), Madrās i 460 (b).

Editions: [Calcutta 1805°] (in an untitled collection of grammatical tracts divided into two parts, of which the first (on accidence) contains five Persian works, namely, (1) Mīzān al-ṣarf, (2) Muns̲h̲aʿibah, pp. 24–37, (3) Panj ganj, pp. 38–112, (4) Zubdat al-ṣarf, pp. 113–22, (5) Ṣarf i Mīr, pp. 122–64, while the second (on syntax) contains four Arabic and one Persian work, namely, (1) Miʾat ʿāmil, and (2) an anonymous Arabic commentary thereon, pp. 1–35, (3) Aṣl al-jumal, pp. 5, 6, (4) Tatimmah pp. 6–9, (5) Naḥw i Mīr pp. 26–64); Lucknow, Muḥammadī Press, 1260/1844* (Nusk̲h̲ah i Panj ganj u Zubdah. With notes by Maulawī Anwar ʿAlī. Pp. 74); Bombay 1261/1845° (pp. 40–106 in the first of the three parts of a Majmūʿah i ṣarf u naḥw containing the same nine tracts as the [Calcutta] collection of [1805] together with a Persian metrical version of the Miʾat ʿāmil. Edited by ʿAẓīm Allāh); [Cawnpore], n.k., 1283/1866* (Panj ganj u Zubdah. The P.g. followed by the Zubdat al-ṣarf (p. 75), the Zubdah i Jawānā-mūʾī (p. 88), and the Zubdah i Tas̲h̲ḥīd̲h̲ [al-ad̲h̲hān] (p. 89). Pp. 90); Cawnpore 1284/1867° (Panj ganj u Zubdah. Pp. 90); 1287/1870* ¶ (P.g. u. Z. Pp. 90); 1295/1878° (P.g.— Takmilah i mufīdah—Zubdat al-ṣarf—Tamrīn maʿa ḥall. The P.g. followed by the Zubdat al-ṣarf, the Tamrīn maʿa ḥall, the Zubdah i Jawānā-mūʾī and the Zubdah i Tas̲h̲ḥīd̲h̲. Pp. 104); and several others.

§ 253. Ṣafī [al-Dīn] b. Naṣīr [al-Dīn] b. Niẓām al-Dīn, whose father and grandfather are said to have migrated together from G̲h̲aznīn¹⁹ to Delhi and thence to Jaunpūr, was a pupil of Qāḍī S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Daulatābādī,²⁰ who according to Raḥmān ʿAlī was also his maternal grandfather. Ṣafī b. Naṣīr himself calls S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn s̲h̲aik̲h̲ī wa-ustād̲h̲ī wa-maulāya in the preface to his G̲h̲āyat al-taḥqīq, an Arabic commentary on the Kāfiyah written in S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn’s lifetime (see the quotation in Mingana’s Manchester catalogue, no. 719). After a period spent in teaching and study he went in search of a spiritual guide and at Rudaulī²¹ became a disciple of the C̲h̲is̲h̲tī saint, S. As̲h̲raf Jahāngīr Simnānī.²² According to Raḥmān ʿAlī he died on 13 D̲h̲ū ’l-Qaʿdah 819/2 January 1417, but this date is doubtless too early.

[K̲h̲air al-Dīn M. Tad̲h̲kirat al-ʿulamāʾ pp. 26–7, trans. pp. 33–4; Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 96.]

Dastūr al-mubtadiʾ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. yaṣrifu ’l-aḥwāl wa-yuk̲h̲affifu ’l-at̲h̲qāl), a catechism on the laws of permutation applying to the Arabic irregular verbs, written by the author for his son, Abū ’l-Makārim Ismāʿīl, who had finished reading the Panj ganj: Ivanow 1466 ( ah 1182/1768–9), Rieu ii 524a ( ah 1187/1773), Eton 114 (4)(before ad 1788), Ross and Browne 155 (2) (18th cent.), 156 (18th cent.), Ethé 2428, Berlin 13 (13), Browne Suppt. 487 (Corpus 168), Bānkīpūr ix 787, xvii 1471, 1677, Suppt. ii 2212, Būhār 260 (1), Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 no. 47, Peshawar 1278.

Editions: Muḥammadī Press [Lucknow] 1260/1844* (Pp. 57); Lucknow, n.k., 1869* (Pp. 60); Lucknow 1326/1908* (Pp. 72); Cawnpore 1280/1863° (pp. 46); [Cawnpore], n.k., 1287/1870* (Pp. 60); Cawnpore 1295/1878° (D. al-m. maʿa Tabṣirah wa Takmilah. With two appendices called Tabṣirah and Takmilah and marginal notes. Pp. 74).

§ 254. Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad Jāmī, the well-known poet, scholar and mystic, who died at Harāt in 898/1492, has already been mentioned as ¶ the author of the S̲h̲awāhid al-nubuwwah (pl. i § 234) and the Nafaḥāt al-uns (pl. i § 1274). The Tajnīs al-lug̲h̲āt or Tajnīs i k̲h̲aṭṭ, sometimes attributed to him, is described above, pl. iii § 136.

(Ṣarf al-lisān), as it is called from the opening words, or Ṣarf i manẓūm u mant̲h̲ūr, or Risālah i ṣarf (beg. Ṣarfu ’l-lisāni naḥwa t̲h̲anāʾihi aulā … Taqsīm i kalimāt i ʿArab Kalimāt i ʿArab sih qism buwad * Nāmas̲h̲ān ḥarf u fiʿl u ism buwad), a metrical sketch of Arabic accidence with a short prose preface “still much used in the madrasas of Turkestan” (Ivanow): Sipahsālār ii p. 386 no. 1003 ( ah 975/1567–8), Ethé 1357 (21) (circ. ah 980/1572–3), Flügel iii 2010 (8) ( ah 983/1575), Ivanow 1776 ( ah 1182/1768–9), Chanykov 155 (c), Bodleian 1662 (2), Bānkīpūr ii 181 (18), probably also Blochet iii 1676 (Risālah i ṣarf, “en vers persans”, defective at end. ah 896/1491, from an autograph), iv 2414 (Risālah i ʿilm al-ṣarf, “traité en vers mesnéwis”. ah 1105/1693).

§ 255. M. b. Pīr ʿAlī Birgawī died in 981/1573 (see Brockelmann ii p. 440, Sptbd. ii p. 654; Ency. Isl. under Birgewī).

al-ʿAwāmil al-jadīdah, an Arabic syntax in Arabic: see Brockelmann ii p. 441 (21), Sptbd. ii p. 657 (21).

Persian metrical paraphrase: Fawāʾid al-iʿrāb, by M. Raʾfat: Istanbul 1283/1866° (14 pp.).

§ 256. Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. “Bahāʾī b. Ḥusain²³ b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad al-Ḥārit̲h̲ī al-Jabʿī²⁴ al-ʿĀmilī, one of the many S̲h̲īʿite scholars connected with the district of Jabal ʿĀmil in Syria, was born at Baʿlabakk in 953/1546–7 (Amal al-āmil p. 27²) but migrated with his father to Persia at the age of seven (according to an authority cited in Rauḍāt al-jannāt iv p. 101⁹). He eventually became Ṣadr or S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām at Iṣfahān and he died there in S̲h̲awwāl 1030/1621 (cf. Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿĀlam-ārāy i ʿAbbāsī p. 681) or 1031/ 1622. He has already been mentioned in this survey ( pl. ii §§ 24, 130).

[See also Ency. Isl. under ʿĀmilī; Gotha Turk. Cat. 3 (3).]

Ṣarf i Bahāʾī, an Arabic accidence.

Editions: Lahore 1873* (with marginal notes by Mīrzā Imdād ʿAlī. Pp. 24); 1875* (same notes. Pp. 24); 1293/1876* (same notes. Followed by Ṣarf i Mīr naẓm, a versification of the S. i M. by Walī Allāh Dihlawī. Pp. 24, 8); 1295/1878* (Ṣ. i B. maʿa s̲h̲arḥ i Fārsī. With a marginal commentary [by M. Imām al-Dīn b. Nūr M. according to Arberry] doubtless identical with ¶ that in the 1888 edition. Pp. 31, [1]), 1888° (… Ṣ. i B. m. s̲h̲. i F. With marginal commentary by Ibrāhīm b. M. ʿIṣām al-Dīn Isfarāyinī.²⁵ Edited by M. Imām [al-Dīn] b. Nūr M. Pp. 32); [1891°] (Ṣarf i Bahāʾī maʿa ḥawās̲h̲ī i jadīdah. With different marginal notes. Pp. 24), 1891° (S. i B. maʿa s̲h̲arḥ i Fārsī. With “Isfarāyinī’s” commentary. Pp. 32), 1913* (with the same commentary. Pp. 31), 1926* (Pp. 42).

Commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Ṣarf i Bahāʾī, Peshawar 1331.

§ 257. In some verses ascribed to Nawwāb Bāqir K̲h̲ān, which occur at the end of a seventeenth-century British Museum ms. of the Fuṣūl i Akbarī (Rieu ii p. 522a), the name of the author is given as S. ʿAlī Akbar and the date of his death as 1091/1680. Edwards, perhaps on the authority of one of the commentators, calls him ʿAlī Akbar b. ʿAlī Ilāhābādī. The statement of Nawwāb Bāqir K̲h̲ān, which looks like contemporary evidence, should doubtless be accepted in preference to the allegations of those who call the author S. Akbar ʿAlī Ilāhābādī (Bānkīpūr ix 773, at end), Qāḍī M. Akbar Lak’hnawī (Madrās catalogue i p. 494) or Qāḍī M. Akbar Ilāhābādī (Browne Pers. Cat. 178 (1), title-page²⁶).

(Fuṣūl i Akbarī) (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Bi-dān—ʿallamaka ’llāhu taʿālā—kih kalimāt i ʿArab sih qism buwad fiʿl ism ḥarf fiʿl kalimah īst mabnī barāy i ifhām i maʿnī), a well-known tract on Arabic accidence: Rieu ii 522a (late 17th cent.), Ethé 2423 ( ad 1793), Browne Pers. Cat. 178 (1) ( ah 1219/1804), 176 (6), Lindesiana p. 141 no. 334, Bānkīpūr ix 773, 774, xvii 1499, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1083 (10), Madrās i 458.

Editions: Muḥammadī Press [Lucknow? circ. 1847?*] (preceded by M. Saʿd Allāh’s Risālah i lāmīyah, on the Arabic article. With notes by M. Hādī ʿAlī [Lak’hnawī]. Pp. 8, 96); [Lucknow 1864?°] (Risālah i lāmīyah Fuṣūl i Akbarī u Guhar i manẓūm. The F. i A. preceded by the same R. i l. and followed by M. Hādī ʿAlī’s Guhar i manẓūm, a metrical tract on Arabic verbs. Pp. 7, 94, 14); [Lucknow], n.k., 1285/1868* (the same three works. Pp. 7, 94, 14); Cawnpore, Niẓāmī Press, 1292/1875* (the same three works? Pp. 140); and others.

Commentaries: (1) K̲h̲alīṣ al-Fuṣūl i Akbarī (a chronogram = 1201/1786–7) (beg. Āg̲h̲āz mī-kunam īn kitāb rā ba-nām i K̲h̲udāwandī kih bak̲h̲s̲h̲andah i rūzīhāst), by Aḥmad ʿAlī, maʿrūf bah K̲h̲udā-nawāz, b. ¶ Sulṭān b. M. [read Sulṭān-Muḥammad?] Fatḥābādī: Bānkīpūr xvii 1671 ( ah 1260/1844), Āṣafīyah ii p. 898, no. 19.

Editions: Calcutta 1243/1827°²⁷ (ed. M. ʿAbd Allāh and Zabardast K̲h̲ān. Pp. 413); place? 1289/1872 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 no. 94).

(2)

Nawādir al-wuṣūl²⁸ fī s̲h̲arḥ al-Fuṣūl, by M. Saʿd Allāh Murādābādī (d. 1294/1877: see pl. i § 81): Lucknow 1297/ 1880° (284 pp.); 1311/1893° (followed by Nūr al-ṣabāḥ fī ag̲h̲lāṭ al-Ṣurāḥ, Wujūh i tarākīb i tasmiyah, K̲h̲air al-musahhil li-masʾalat al-ṭuhr al-mutak̲h̲allil (in Arabic), Risālah i ʿilm al-Wājib taʿalā, al-Tanwīh bi-’l-tas̲h̲bīh. Pp. 352).

(3)

Rikāz al-uṣūl fī s̲h̲arḥ al-Fuṣūl, composed in 1221/ 1806–7 (see Āṣafīyah ii p. 896) by Ḥimāyat-ʿAlī Kākōrawī: Lucknow, n.k., 1292/1875* (S̲h̲arḥ i … F. i A…. musammā bah R. al-u. Pp. 278); Lucknow 1898° (same title. Pp. 277 (?²⁹)).

(4)

S̲h̲arḥ i Fuṣūl i Akbarī, a running commentary by ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Anwar³⁰ al-Dīn: Calcutta 1261/1845* (pp. 262); [Lucknow] 1884° (F. i A. with commentary by ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Aḥmad Lak’hnawī (presumably the same person as ʿA. al-D.A. b. A. al-D.). Pp. 257).

§ 258. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Qidwāʾī³¹ Rājgīrī³² Qinnaujī called (al-madʿuww bah³³) Munʿim K̲h̲ān completed in 1125/1713 and dedicated to Farruk̲h̲-siyar³⁴ an Arabic work entitled Baḥr al-mad̲h̲āhib (see Brockelmann ii p. 417, Sptbd. ii p. 614).

[Faqīr Muḥammad, Ḥadāʾiq al-Ḥanafīyah (Lucknow 1906) p. 458; Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 139.]

¶ Miftāḥ al-ṣarf (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲alaqa ’l-mak̲h̲lūqāt), an Arabic accidence divided into a muqaddimah, five bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr xvii 1484 ( ah 1256/1840).

§ 259. ʿAbd al-Nabī [b. ʿAbd al-Rasūl] Aḥmadnagarī wrote a commentary on the Kāfiyah in 1144/1731–2 (see pl. i § 1011, iii §§ 44 and 246 (1)(b) supra).

Saif al-mubtadiʾīn: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1664 no. 10.

§ 260. Mullā ʿAbd al-ʿAlī M., called Baḥr al-ʿulūm, Anṣārī Lak’hnawī b. Mullā Niẓām al-Dīn M. Sihālawī, who has already been mentioned incidentally ( pl. i § 1347) in the account of his father, the author of the Manāqib al-Razzāqīyah, was born in 1144/1731–2 at Farangī Maḥall, Lucknow. He taught first at Lucknow, subsequently at S̲h̲āhjahānpūr, Rāmpūr and Būhār,³⁵ and finally at Madrās, under the patronage of Ḥāfiẓ Raḥmat K̲h̲ān (cf. pl. i § 552), Nawwāb Faiḍ Allāh K̲h̲ān (cf. pl. i § 698 (1)), Muns̲h̲ī Ṣadr al-Dīn Būhārī (cf. pl. i § 305) and Nawwāb Wālā-jāh M. ʿAlī K̲h̲ān (cf. pl. i § 1083) respectively. It was from the last of these patrons that he received the title of Baḥr al-ʿulūm. He died at Madrās on 12 Rajab 1235/25 April 1820. His works are mostly Arabic commentaries on well-known text-books, but he wrote some works in Persian, including a commentary on Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī’s Mat̲h̲nawī.

[Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 122; Bānkīpūr cat. i pp. 116–18; Ency. Isl. under Baḥr al-ʿulūm; Niẓāmī Badāyūnī Qāmūs al-mas̲h̲āhīr (in Urdu) ii p. 65; Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 624; etc.]

Hidāyat al-ṣarf (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā baʿd īn fuṣūlīst c̲h̲and dar bayān i qawāʿid i ʿilm i ṣarf kih maʿrifat i ān), an Arabic accidence divided into unnumbered faṣls and written by the author, who does not mention his name, for his son Abū ’l-Faraḥ³⁶ ʿAbd al-Aʿlā [who died young in 1207/1793: see Raḥmān ʿAlī pp. 105–6]: Calcutta Madrasah 181 (3), Bānkīpūr xvii 1481 (?) (beg. Bi-dān-kih lafẓ i ʿArabī bar sih gūnah ast mus̲h̲taqq u maṣdar u jāmid. Perhaps a different work. ah 1256/1840), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1083 (6) ( ad 1842–3), Lindesiana p. 117 no. 476c, Madrās i 464.

¶ Abridged edition (?): Hidāyat al-ṣarf (beg. Ḥamd u t̲h̲anā sazāwār i D̲h̲ātī ast … baʿd bar ḍamīr i ṣafā-parwar u k̲h̲āṭir i ḍiyā-gustar), a shorter work with the same title by (the same?) ʿAbd al-ʿAlī edited by Luṭf Ḥusain: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1083 (7) ( ad 1842–3).

§ 261. S. Amīr Ḥaidar “Amīr” b. S. Nūr al-Ḥusain b. Mīr G̲h̲ulām-ʿAlī “Āzād” Ḥusainī Wāsiṭī Bilgrāmī was born in 1165/1751–2 and died in 1217/1802–3 (see pl. i § 713). For his Muntak̲h̲ab al-naḥw see pl. iii § 207 supra.

Muntak̲h̲ab al-ṣarf (beg. Bar arbāb i tatabbuʿ i muḥāwarāt i alsinah i muk̲h̲talifah huwaidāst), on the formation of Arabic words used in Persian: Rieu ii 857b ( ah 1224/1809).

§ 262. Raus̲h̲an ʿAlī Anṣārī Jaunpūrī died about 1810 (see pl. ii 24 (1) (l) fn.). [For his Qawāʿid i Fārsī, a Persian grammar written for his children, see § 201 supra. v.s.]

(1)

Risālah i tak̲h̲fīf i hamzah u iʿlāl u idg̲h̲ām (beg…. c̲h̲ūn akt̲h̲ar i siyag̲h̲ i afʿāl …): Ethé 2430.

Edition: [Calcutta, 1803?°*].

(2)

Taʿlīlāt [in the Arabic character]; or a treatise concerning the permutation of letters in the Arabic language. Translated from the Persian by R. Tytler. Calcutta 1810°* (82 pp.).

(3)

Qāʿidah i Raus̲h̲an ʿAlī (so in colophon. Beg. al-Ḥ. l…. a. b. īn risālah īst dar ṣarf intik̲h̲āb i S̲h̲āfiyah u Fuṣūl i Akbarī): Ivanow Curzon 562 (1) (foll. 46–81. ah 1242/1826).

(4)

Taṣrīf i Muḥsinī, “grammar” (Arabic or Persian?), by R. ʿA. [presumably R. ʿA. Jaunpūrī]: Lindesiana p. 210 no. 299 (circ. ah 1184/1770–1).

§ 263. S.M. Walī Allāh b. Aḥmad ʿAlī Farruk̲h̲ābādī, who was born in 1165/1751–2 and died in 1249/1833–4, has already been mentioned as the author of the Naẓm al-jawāhir, a commentary on the Qurʾān ( pl. i p. 25) and the Tārīk̲h̲ i Farruk̲h̲ābād ( pl. i § 908).

Nuqūd al-ṣarf (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. abwāb raḥmat[ihi] ’l-ʿāmmah maftūḥah ʿalā ’l-ʿālamīn), on the conjugation of the Arabic regular verbs, composed in 1216/1801–2: i.o. d.p. 408 ( ah 1226/1811), Rāmpūr ( ah 1264/1848. See Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 303).

§ 264. Mirzā M. Ḥasan “Qatīl” died at Lucknow in or about 1233/1818 (see pl. ii § 607, etc.).

Qānūn i mujaddad (beg. Mak̲h̲fī na-mānad kih hīc̲h̲ lafẓī dar ʿArab kam az sih ḥarf na-bās̲h̲ad), a short Arabic grammar: Rieu ii 795b (foll. 132–63. ¶ ah 1229/1814), Bānkīpūr xvii 1463 (foll. 83b–113a. ah 1254/1838), Browne Suppt. 913 (Corpus 67 (4)).

§ 265. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. ʿAbd al-Karīm Ṣafīpūrī, whose best-known work is the Arabic-Persian dictionary Muntahā ’l-arab fī lug̲h̲āt al-ʿArab (see pl. iii § 149 supra) published a number of grammatical and other works at Calcutta in the first quarter of the nineteenth century (see pl. i § 256).

(1)

G̲h̲āyat al-bayān fī ʿilm al-lisān (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲alaqa ’l-insāna wa-ʿallamahu ’l-bayāna), an Arabic accidence: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2303 ( ah 1248/1832–3).

Editions: Calcutta 1244/1828°* (followed by al-Masālik al-bahīyah. Pp. 194; 281); Cawnpore 1286/1870* (followed by al-M. al-b. Pp. 141, 128, 43).

Glossary: ʿAin al-iḥsān fī kas̲h̲f g̲h̲arīb G̲h̲āyat al-bayān, by the author himself: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2304.

(2)

al-Masālik al-bahīyah fī ’l-qawāʿid al-naḥwīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā baʿd īn kitābīst mus̲h̲tamil bar qawāʿid i naḥwīyah), an Arabic syntax: Bānkīpūr xvii 1740.

Editions: Calcutta 1244/1828°* (see above), Cawnpore 1286/ 1870* (see above).

§ 266. M. Raḥmat Allāh b. Niʿmat Allāh Ḥusainī Ṣādiqī ʿAṭṭārī Aurangābādī Buk̲h̲ārī.

Fawāʾid i marqūmah dar s̲h̲arḥ i Manẓūmah (beg. Maḥāmid u at̲h̲niyah i muḍāʿafah), a commentary completed in 1221/1806 on a Persian lāmīyah dealing with Arabic grammar: Ivanow Curzon 563 (foll. 40. ah 1272/1855).

§ 267. Maulawī Aḥmad ʿAlī ʿAbbāsī C̲h̲iṛīyākōṭī, who was born in 1200/1786 and died in Dhū ’l-Ḥijjah 1272/August 1856, acquired a great reputation as a teacher at C̲h̲iṛīyākōṭ in the Aʿẓamgaṛh District. He was learned in many branches of knowledge, especially in philosophy and the principles of jurisprudence, and he wrote several works, but he owed his fame to his teaching rather than his writing. It has already been mentioned ( pl. i § 1043) that Naṣr Allāh K̲h̲ān K̲h̲ūrjawī was one of his pupils.

[Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 19.]

ʿUjalat al-şarf [probably on Arabic, not Persian, accidence], composed in 1248/1832–3: Āṣafīyah iii p. 734 no. 47 (6).

He wrote in Arabic a work entitled Sulālat al-ṣarf, which was published with a Persian translation and commentary by M. ʿAbbāsī at Lucknow in 1877° (pp. 32).

¶ § 268. ʿAbd al-ʿAlīm M. Naṣr Allāh K̲h̲ān b. ʿUmar K̲h̲ān K̲h̲wēs̲h̲gī K̲h̲ūrjawī, who died at K̲h̲ūrjah on 27 Muḥarram 1299/19 Dec. 1881, has already been mentioned as the author of a Tārīk̲h̲ i Dakan ( pl. i § 1043) and other works.

Nuk̲h̲bat i ḥisān al-naḥw (a chronogram = 1266), on Arabic grammar: Kōl (i.e. ʿAlīgaṛh) 1266/1850* (Pp. 27).

§ 269. Niẓām al-ʿUlamāʾ M. Rafīʿ b. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī died at Tabrīz in 1327/1909 (see Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 380, where the titles of several works by him are mentioned).

Tarjamat al-adab fī qawāʿid lug̲h̲at al-ʿArab, composed in 1266/1850 at the age of sixteen: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 76, Tabrīz 1303/ 1885–6 (Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, ptd. bks., no. 6).

§ 270. M. Saʿd Allāh Murādābādī, who was born in 1219/1804–5 and died in 1294/1877, has already been mentioned as the author of the Nawādir al-bayān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾān ( pl. i § 81 (1)) and as a collaborator in the Tāj al-lug̲h̲āt ( pl. iii § 132 (4) supra).

(1)

Mufīd al-ṭullāb fī k̲h̲āṣṣīyāt al-abwāb, completed in 1268/1851–2. Edition: [India] date? (Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 12, ptd. bks., nos. 33–4).

(2)

Risālah i lāmīyah, a short tract on the Arabic article: Lucknow 1268/1851–2 (Sulṭān al-maṭābiʿ. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subh. ptd. bks. p. 51 no. 1); and in various editions of the Fuṣūl i Akbarī (see § 257 supra).

§ 271. Raḥmān ʿAlī, [born in 1244/1829, has already been mentioned as the author of Tad̲h̲kirah i ʿulamāʾ i Hind, biographies of Indian scholars ( pl. i § 1539) and of a medical work ( pl. ii § 559). v.s.].

Fawāʾid i Jalālīyah, on syntax, agreeing in metre and rhyme with the Miʾat ʿāmil: Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 260⁸, lith. Delhi (Mus̲h̲ār i 1193).

§ 272. Mahdī-Qulī b. ʿAlī-Qulī K̲h̲ān was a grandson of Riḍa-Qulī K̲h̲ān “Hidāyat” (for whom see pl. i § 1225 etc.), and edited the Riyāḍ al-ʿārifīn for publication at Tihrān in 1305/1888. Mīzān al-ṣarf, an Arabic accidence: [Tihrān] 1300/1883° (Pp. 177).

§ 273. Miṣbāḥ al-Salṭanah M. ʿAlī b. M. Ḥusain b. Masʿūd Anṣārī.

(1)

Kitābc̲h̲ah i tashīl al-taʿlīm: lith. Tihrān (Mus̲h̲ār i 1255).

(2)

Miftāḥ lisān al-ʿArab, presumably an Arabic grammar: 1310/1892–3 (98 pp. lith. Mus̲h̲ār i 1471); Bombay 1312/1894–5 (98 pp. lith. Mus̲h̲ār ibid.); Tihrān 1331/1913 (Mus̲h̲ār ibid.).

¶ § 274. M. Aʿẓam b. Najm al-Dīn ʿAbbāsī C̲h̲iṛiyākōṭī,³⁷ born in 1266/1850, was a pupil of his paternal uncle M. Fārūq [ʿAbbāsī C̲h̲iṛiyākōṭī] (for whom see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 207) and held an appointment at Ḥaidarābād (see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 181, M. Idrīs p. 73).

(1)

Niẓām al-naḥw, metrical [on Arabic grammar or Persian?], composed in 1318/1900–1: Āṣafīyah iii p. 734 no. 47 (3) ( ah 1333/1915).

(2)

Niẓām al-ṣarf, metrical [on Arabic grammar or Persian?], composed likewise in 1318/1900–1: Āṣafīyah iii p. 734 no. 47 (2) ( ah 1333/1915).

In the same majmūʿah are contained the same author’s Bādah afrāh [Bādafrāh?] and Muṭarraz, both metrical works, and his Lālah-zār as well as his Arabic work al-Mit̲h̲qāl, which was composed in 1291/1874.

§ 275. Appendix

(1)

Abwāb al-ṣarf, a manual of Arabic accidence by Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad: Lahore [1874*] (Pp. 80. Followed (p. 76) by a Persian versification of the Muns̲h̲aʿib and (p. 77) by a metrical work entitled Qawānīn al-ṣarf. On the margins two similar Persian works, Zubdah i Jawān-mūʾī and Zubdah i Tas̲h̲ḥīd̲h̲ al-ad̲h̲hān).

(2)

Jāmiʿ al-s̲h̲awāhid, a Persian commentary on verses quoted in the well-known handbooks of grammar (mainly), by M. Bāqir Ardakānī: D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 61.

(3)

Jawānā-mūʾī,³⁸ or Jawān-mūʾī, or Zubdah i Jawānā-mūʾī (beg. C̲h̲ih lafẓ-ast qaulain ai nāmwar * Sarūnī lanaiyā wa-illam digar), a short catechism on Arabic irregular verbs: Bānkīpūr xvii 1494 ( ah 1256/1840), Suppt. ii 2007 (19th cent.), Peshawar 1963.

Editions: Cawnpore 1284/1867° (Pp. 88 in the collection called on the title-page Panj ganj u Zubdah (see Panj ganj, § 252 above); 1295/1878° (pp. 101 in the collection called on the title-page Panj ganj Takmilah i mufīdah … (see Panj ganj above)); Lahore [1874*] (on margin of Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad’s Abwāb al-ṣarf).

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¶ Manẓūm i nīk, a metrical work on Arabic etymology, by S. Muʿizz al-Dīn Ḥasanī Hargāmī: Sītāpūr 1286/1869* (with marginal notes from the commentary of G̲h̲ulām-Aḥmad. 14 pp. G̲h̲ālib al-ak̲h̲bār Pr.).

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Mīzān, or Mīzān al-ṣarf (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Bi-dān asʿadaka ’llāhu taʿālā fī ’l-dārain kih jumlah i afʿāl i mutaṣarrifah bar sih gūnah ast māḍī u mustaqbal u ḥāl), on the conjugation of the Arabic regular verb, sometimes ascribed to Saʿdī and stated by ʿAbd al-Muqtadir on unspecified authority (Bānkīpūr xvii p. 1) to be the work of Ṣafī b. Naṣīr (for whom see § 253 supra): Rieu ii 523b ( ah 1187/1773), 524b (19th cent.), 858a, Ethé 2411 (1) ( ad 1793), 2412 (1), 2414, 2538 (4), Blochet ii 931 (1) ( ah 1212/1797), iv 2414, Browne Suppt. 1292 (Corpus 189²), Bānkīpūr xvii 1460, Bodleian 1669, 2007, Madrās i 460, 461.

Editions: [Calcutta 1805°] (pp. 1–23 in the first part of an untitled collection of grammatical tracts, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); [Calcutta?]1243/1827* (beg. (without title-page) al-Ḥamd … Bi-dān … kih jumlah i afʿāl i mutaṣarri-fah. Followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib. Pp. 70, 37); [Lucknow] 1258/ 1842° (M. al-ṣ. With marginal notes. Pp. 27); [Lucknow], Aḥmadī Press, 1260/1844* (… az Majmūʿah i ṣarf … nusk̲h̲ah i Mīzān al-ṣarf. The M. al-ṣ followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib. Pp. 27, 24); [Lucknow], n.k., 1285/1868* (M. al-ṣ followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib and the Muns̲h̲aʿib i manẓūm. Pp. 14, 18); [Lucknow] 1871° (M. al-ṣ. followed by the Munshaʿib. 2 pts.); Bombay 1261/1845° (pp. 1–22 in the first part of a Majmūʿah i ṣarf u naḥw, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); Lahore 1863° (M. al-ṣ. followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib. 2 pts.); Cawnpore Niẓāmī Press, 1285/1868* (p. 64); Cawnpore 1878° (p. 14); Āgrah, Muḥammadī Press, 1287/1871* (Pp. 32); and others.

Commentaries:

(a) Hidāyat al-auzān (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā baʿd ān kih faqīr Mūsa b. Faiḍ Allāh … tālīf kard dar bayān i s̲h̲arḥ i Mīzān u Hidāyat al-auzān nām nihādah s̲h̲ud), a commentary in the form of a catechism by Mūsā b. Faiḍ Allāh: Bānkīpūr xvii 1482 (defective. ah 1256/1840).

(b) S̲h̲arḥ i Mīzān (beg…. u nahy u har yakī bar c̲h̲ahārdah qism ast u har qismat i ū mutaḍammin i ḥukmī), another commentary in the form of a catechism described in the table of contents as by ʿUt̲h̲mān b. al-Ḥusain: Bānkīpūr xvii 1485 ( ah 1256/1840).

(c) S̲h̲arḥ i Mīzān al-auzān (beg. Naḥmadu wa-nuṣallī ammā baʿd īn c̲h̲and suʾāl u jawābī ast kih aṭfāl i ʿulūm), an anonymous commentary in the form of a catechism: Bānkīpūr xvii 1478 ( ah 1255/1839).

¶ (d) Tibyān al-ṣarf s̲h̲arḥ Mīzān al-ṣarf (beg. Allāh Muḥammad), another commentary in the form of a catechism by M. ʿAbd al-Ḥaiy Lak’hnawī:³⁹ Lahore (Muḥammadī Press) [1890?°*⁴⁰] (reprinted from a Jaunpūr edition of 1272 (mistake for 1276? See p. 52). Pp. 59); Lucknow [1897°] (Pp. 76).

(e) S̲h̲arḥ i Mīzān al-ṣarf, a running commentary by Maulawī Wārit̲h̲ ʿAlī Dihlawī: Cawnpore 1878°* (Pp. 48).

(f) S̲h̲arḥ i Mīzān (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Ḥamd i Rabb al-ʿā. gūyad īn dunyā s̲h̲awad), an anonymous commentary (on this Mīzān?): Ivanow 1462 (mid 18th cent.).

(g) S̲h̲arḥ i Mīzān al-ṣarf: Āṣafīyah ii p. 898 no. 47.

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Mīzān fī ʿilm al-ṣarf (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-’l-ʿāqibah … Bi-dān asʿadaka ’llāhu taʿālā fī ’l-dārain kih jumlah i afʿāl i Banī Ādam (or mutaṣarrifah) bar c̲h̲ahār gūnah (or nauʿ) ast māḍī u mustaqbal u amr u nahy ammā māḍī ān bās̲h̲ad kih ba-zamān i gud̲h̲as̲h̲tah taʿalluq dārad), paradigms of all the tenses and moods of the regular Arabic verb both in the affirmative and negative forms with a Persian introduction and detailed Persian paraphrases: Bodleian 1664 (1) ( ah 1160/1747), 1665, Hamburg 210 (1) ( ah 1090/1679), Blochet ii 932 (late 18th cent.), Browne Pers. Cat. 176 (1), Ethé 2415–17, 2964 (1), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1083 (1), Rieu ii 524b.

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al-Muʿizzī (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā naʿmāʾihi), an Arabic tract on Arabic accidence in four bābs, well-known in Central Asia, where it is ascribed to ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Zanjānī (cf. pl. iii § 247 supra) probably through confusion with al-Taṣrīf al-ʿIzzī: Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 634, Ahlwardt vi 6876, Upsala Zetterstéen pp. 7–18, 20–5, etc., Tashkent Acad. i 412.

Edition: Tashkent 1318/1900 (with the Kāfiyah and six other grammatical works. See Upsala Zetterstéen p. 8).

Persian commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Risālah i Muʿizzī, by ʿAbd Allāh b. Āq Muḥammad: Tashkent Acad. i 413 (87 foll. ah 1300/1882).

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Muns̲h̲aʿib, or Muns̲h̲aʿibah, or Nusk̲h̲ah i muns̲h̲a-ʿibah (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Bi-dān asʿadaka ’llāhu taʿālā fī ’l-dārain kih jumlah i afʿāl i mutaṣarrifah ¶ az rūy i tarkīb i ḥurūf i aṣlī bar dū gūnah ast t̲h̲ulāt̲h̲ī u rubāʿī), on the various classes of Arabic verbs and on their secondary forms, sometimes ascribed to Saʿdī: Blochet iv 2414 ( ah 1056/1646), ii 931 (2), Bodleian 1664 (2) ( ah 1160/1747), 1666 (circ. ah 1187/1773–4), 1667, Rieu ii 524a ( ah 1187/1773), 524b, Ivanow 1465 (late 18th cent.), 2nd Suppt. 1083 (2), Lindesiana p. 171 no. 480a, Browne Pers. Cat. 176 (2), Suppt. 1312 (Corpus 189 (3)), Bānkīpūr xvii 1462, Ethé 2411 (2), 2412 (2), 2418, 2964 (2).

Editions: [Calcutta 1805°] (in an untitled collection of grammatical tracts in two parts of which the first contains (1) Mīzān al-ṣarf, (2) Muns̲h̲aʿibah, pp. 24–37, and three other works. See Mizān al-ṣarf above); [Calcutta?] 1243/1827* (no title-page. The Mīzān al-ṣarf followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib. Pp. 70, 37); [Lucknow] 1259/1843° (Dāʾirah i c̲h̲ihil u sih abwāb i muns̲h̲aʿib. The M. followed by a metrical version. Pp. 26); [Lucknow] Aḥmadī Press 1260/1844* (… az Majmūʿah i ṣarf … nusk̲h̲ah i Mīzān al-ṣarf. The M. al-ṣ. followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib. Pp. 27, 24); [Lucknow], N.K., 1285/1868* (Mīzān al-ṣarf followed by M. and M. i manẓūm. Pp. 14, 18); [Lucknow] 1871° (M. al-ṣ. followed by M. 2 pts.); Bombay 1261/1845° (pp. 23–38 in pt. i of a Majmūʿah i ṣarf u naḥw, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); Lahore 1863° (Mīzān al-ṣarf followed by the M. 2 pts.); [Cawnpore] 1878° (Muns̲h̲aʿib, followed by a metrical paraphrase. Pp. 18); and others.

Versifications:

(a) Naẓm i Muns̲h̲aʿib (beg. Baʿd i ḥamd i K̲h̲udā wa naʿt i Rasūl * Gūs̲h̲ kun az man i ẓalūm u jahūl), by Maulawī Ḥamīd al-Dīn: Bānkīpūr xvii 1465 ( ah 1254/ 1838), probably also Cairo p. 437.

(b) Naẓm i duwum i Muns̲h̲aʿib (beg. Fiʿl bās̲h̲ad yā t̲h̲ulāt̲h̲ī yā rubāʿī dar kalām * Ham t̲h̲ulāthī yā mujarrad yā mazīd ast wa-’l-salām), anonymous: Bānkīpūr xvii 1467 ( ah 1254/ 1838).

(c) Naẓm i siyyum i Muns̲h̲aʿib (beg. Mā hamī (Rieu kih mī) gūyīm tauḥīd i Raḥīm * baʿd i dānistan (Rieu Bād maqbūl i) Ṣamad Wāḥid ʿAlīm), by Mubārak: Bānkīpūr xvii 1480 ( ah 1256/1840) and apparently also Rieu ii 524a iii ( ah 1187/1773).

Blochet iv 2413 ( ah 1238/1822) is doubtless one of the above versifications.

Editions (of which versification?): [Lucknow] 1259/1843° (Dāʾirah i c̲h̲ihil u sih abwāb i muns̲h̲aʿib. The Muns̲h̲aʿib followed by a metrical version. Pp. 26); [Lucknow], N.K., 1285/1868* (Mīzān al-ṣarf followed by the Muns̲h̲aʿib and the Muns̲h̲aʿib i manẓūm. Pp. 14, 18); Benares 1265/1849* (Muns̲h̲aʿibah i manẓūm. Pp. 4); Lahore [1874*] (Ḥāfiẓ M.’s Abwāb al-ṣarf followed (p. 76) by a versification of the Muns̲h̲aʿib, etc. See Abwāb al-ṣarf ¶ above); [Cawnpore] 1878° (Muns̲h̲aʿib followed by metrical paraphrase. Pp. 18).

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Mutammim i Masāʾil i ʿAbd al-Rasūl, a metrical syntax of Arabic, by Abū ’l-Maḥbūb M. b. Raḥīm-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ Rabbānī: Lahore [1917*] (Muḥammadī Steam Pr. On the margin Sullam al-wuṣūl, Arabic glosses by the author himself. Followed (p. 91) by Majmaʿ al-alg̲h̲āz, a grammatical tract in Arabic by the same author. 104 pp.).

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Nawādir al-maṣādir, by S. ʿAlī Ḥasan K̲h̲ān b. Ṣiddīq Ḥasan K̲h̲ān (cf. pl. i § 1228 and iii § 74 supra): Āgrah (Mufīd i ʿāmm Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 51 no. 15).

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Qawānīn al-ṣarf (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Bi-dān asʿadaka ’llāh fī ’l-dārain kih c̲h̲and qawānīn i ʿilm i taṣrīf kih ṣibyān rā), an anonymous catechism on Arabic accidence written for the author’s nephew ʿAṭāʾ Allāh b. Ẓarīf M.: Bodleian 1662 (4) ( ah 1137/1725), 1663, Ethé 2424, Rieu ii 523b (early 19th cent.), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1083 (8) ( ad 1843).

Editions: Calcutta 1244/1828–9 (cf. Rieu ii 523b, Āṣafīyah ii p. 900); [Calcutta] 1261/1845*; 1284/1867–8 (with Fuṣūl i Akbarī. See Āṣafīyah ii p. 900).

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Qawānīn al-ṣarf, a metrical work of the same kind: Lahore [1874*] (on the margin of Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad’s Abwāb al-ṣarf (q.v. supra)).

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Tas̲h̲ḥīd̲h̲ ad̲h̲hān al-ṭalabah fī s̲h̲arḥ al-ṣiyag̲h̲ al-mus̲h̲kilah, a catechism on Arabic irregular verbs, “the verbs being woven into Persian rhymes followed by prose solutions”: [Delhi?] Muḥammadī Press 1262/1846°* (pp. 34).

Abridgment: Zubdah i Tas̲h̲ḥīd̲h̲ al-ad̲h̲hān: [Cawnpore], N.K., 1283/1866* (pp. 89–90 of the collection called on the title-page Panj ganj u Zubdah (see under Panj ganj, § 252 above); Cawnpore 1284/1867° (pp. 89–90 of another edition); 1287/ 1870* (ditto); 1295/1878° (pp. 102–4 of the collection called Panj ganj—Takmilah i mufīdah … (see under Panj ganj, § 252 above); Lahore [1874*] (on the margin of Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad’s Abwāb al-ṣarf), and several others.

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Zubdah i Jawāna-mūʾī: see Jawānā-mūʾī above.

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(Zubdat al-ṣarf), or simply (Zubdah) (beg. al.-Ḥ. l. al-mauṣūf bi-’l-taṣrīf … Bi-dān ʿallamaka ’llahu taʿālā fī ’l-dārain kih jumlah i afʿāl i mutaṣarrifah u asmāʾ i mutamakkinah bar c̲h̲ahār gūnah ast ṣaḥīḥ u mahmūz u muʿtall u muḍāʿaf), on the inflexion of the Arabic verb, regular and irregular, by Ẓahīr b. Maḥmūd b. Masʿūd al-ʿAlawī: Rieu ii 524a ( ah 1187/1773), 524b (19th cent.), Bodleian 1657 ( ad 1779), Ethé 2411 (4) ( ad 1793), 2412 (4), 2413 (3), 2420, 2421, Blochet ii 931 (5), iv 2413, Browne Pers. Cat. 176 (4), ¶ Ivanow 1458–9, 2nd Suppt. 1083 (5), Bānkīpūr xvii 1468, 1673, Āṣafīyah ii p. 898, Eton 114 (2), Lindesiana p. 237 no. 476a, Madrās i 454.

Editions: [Calcutta 1805°] (pp. 113–22 in the first part of an untitled collection of grammatical tracts, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); Lucknow, Muḥammadī Press, 1260/ 1844* (Nusk̲h̲ah i Panj ganj u Zubdah. With notes by Maulawī Anwar ʿAlī. Pp. 74); Bombay 1261/1845° (pp. 1–11 in the second part of a Majmūʿah i ṣarf u naḥw, for which see under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); [Cawnpore], N.K., 1283/1866* (Panj ganj u Zubdah. The P.g. followed by the Z. (p. 75) and two other works. Pp. 90. See under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); Cawnpore 1284/ 1867° (P.g. u Z. Pp. 90); 1287/1870* (P.g. u Z. Pp. 90); 1295/ 1878° (P.g.—Takmilah i mufīdah—Zubdat al-ṣarf … Five works. Pp. 104. See under Panj ganj, § 252 supra); and others.

Commentaries:

(a) S̲h̲arḥ i Zubdah by the author himself (according to Arberry): [Calcutta] Taʿlīmī Press 1260/1844* (S̲h̲. i Z. Pp. 80).

(b) S̲h̲arḥ i Zubdah (beg- al-Ḥ. l. ’l. Huwa ’l-Raḥīm wa-’l-Raḥmān … C̲h̲ūn kitāb i muṣannif rḥ az amr i d̲h̲ī bāl būd), by M., or M. Taqī, or M. Naqī, Darwīs̲h̲ Qādirī: Ivanow 1460 ( ah 1188/1774–5), Ethé 2422 ( ah 1189/1775), Madrās i 454a, 455.

(c) S̲h̲arḥ i Zubdah, by M. Raḥmat Allāh Lak’hnawī: Lucknow 1289/1872° (Pp. 108); 1873* (Pp. 108).

Versification: Naẓm i Zubdah (beg. Ḥamd gūyam ān K̲h̲udāʾī rā kih īn arḍ u samā *), by Maulawī As̲h̲raf ʿAlī “As̲h̲raf”: Bānkīpūr xvii 1466 ( ah 1254/1838–9).

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