In Volume 2: Mathematics; Weights, and Measures; Astronomy, and Astrology; Geography; Medicine; Encyclopaedias, and Miscellanies; Arts and Crafts, Science, Occult Arts

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§ 69. Teukros wrote in the first century of the Christian era an astrological work, Ta paranatellonta tois dekanois, which is now lost, but of which passages are quoted in other Greek works (Browne Volume p. 360¹⁴) and which was known in a translation from a Pahlawī version to Abū Maʿs̲h̲ar, who died in 272/886 (Browne Volume p. 360²⁵). In Pahlawī the normal transcription of Teukros would be Tēwkrōs, but the sign representing ēw could also be read īv, vī, īn, nī, nē, etc., while that representing rō could be read lō, rū, lū, etc. (Browne Vol. pp. 362–3). Consequently in Arabic works the name appears in the corrupt forms Tīnkalūs, Tankālūs and Ṭīnqarūs. Finally in the Arabic forgery al-Filāḥat al-Nabatīyah (ah 318/930: see Brockelmann i 242, Sptbd. i 430) it is given the Aramaic form Tankalūs̲h̲ā,¹ which after the fourth/tenth century displaces the earlier corruptions. These facts and other relevant matters are set forth in an article, Tracce di opere greche giunte agli Arabi per trafila pehlevica, contributed by C.A. Nallino to A volume of Oriental studies presented to E.G. Browne, Cambridge 1922, pp. 345–63.

¶ (Risālah dar aḥkām i darajāt) (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. ch. g. muʾallif i īn risālah malik al-ḥukamā … [name² mutilated] i Bābilī), an untitled work [possibly a version of the Paranatellonta] explaining the methods of foretelling the future of men born under different constellations: Ivanow 1492 (1) (20 foll. Headings not filled in. ah 962/1555), possibly also Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (Persian translation of an astrological work by Tankalūs̲h̲ā. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (St. Petersburg 1859) p. 493).

§ 70. Claudius Ptolemaeus, in English Ptolemy, in the Islāmic languages Baṭlamyūs,³ Baṭlaimūs⁴ or Baṭlīmūs⁵ (to which the Arabs append al-Qalūd̲h̲ī = Claudius), was an Egyptian and observed at Alexandria in the reigns of Hadrian (ad 117–38) and Antoninus Pius (ad 138–61) (see Ency. Brit., etc.).

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Karpos [Grk. = Fruit], sometimes called Centiloquium (Lat.) or, in English, Centiloquy, a collection of a hundred astrological aphorisms.

Persian translation (with the text) of an Arabic version:⁶ (Tarjamah (or S̲h̲arḥ, or Tafsīr) i T̲h̲amarah i Baṭlamyūs (or Baṭlīmūs)), or (Ṣad kalimah i Baṭlīmūs), (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ḥ. al-s̲h̲ākirīn … ba-ḥukm i is̲h̲ārat i mak̲h̲dūm), a translation and commentary by Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (cf. pl. ii §§ 10, 91), completed at Marāg̲h̲ah on 20 Rajab 663/8 May 1265 (so Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 932 no. 54e) or 9 Jumādā i 670/13 December 1271 (so Blochet ii p. 51¹⁸) at the request of Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. [Juwainī, who died in 678/1279: see Browne Lit. Hist. iii pp. 21–2]: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 496, i.ḥ. 567, 1814, Blochet mss. arabes des nouvelles acquisitions 4731 (ah 672/1273–4), ii 777 (ah 806/1403–4), i 118 (15th cent.), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2695 (42 foll. ah 696/1297. Krause p. 505), ʿUmūmīyah 4640 (2) (38 foll. ah 739/1338. Krause p. 504 (t)), Fātiḥ 5412 foll. 68–100 (ah 755/1354. Krause p. 505), Leyden iii p. 145 no. 1172 (old), 1173 (fragment), Bodleian 1510 (ah 868/1463–4), iii 2738 (ah 1079/ 1669), 2739–40, Ethé 2231 (ah 1017/1608), Cureton-Rieu p. 197b no. 415 (2) (circ. ah 1058/1648), Manchester Mingana 366 (circ. ad 1760), Browne Suppt. 833 (King’s 239), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1218 no. 129, p. 1222 no. 200, Cairo (1st ed.) v p. 312, Majlis 169, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 27, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2800 (3) (modern. Krause p. 505), Rehatsek p. 15 nos. 22, 23, and others at Istānbūl.

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¶ Megalē suntaxis, a system of astronomy and trigonometry, called al-Majisṭī by the Arabs and hence known to mediaeval Europe as the Almagest. Of the Arabic versions only one need be mentioned here, namely:

Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī⁷ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. mabdaʾi kulli mabdaʾ), an improved recension completed on 5 S̲h̲awwāl 644/13 Feb. 1247 by the same Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī: see Brockelmann i p. 511 (39), Sptbd. i p. 930 (39); Krause p. 504.

Persian paraphrase and commentary: Taqrīb al-Taḥrīr (beg. (M. ʿAlī’s preface) T̲h̲anāʾī kih az andāzah i muhandis … (K̲h̲air Allāh’s preface) al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. bar ḍamīr i ʿillat- pad̲h̲īr [sic lege] i ulī ’l-albāb … (the translation itself) Sp. ast mar K̲h̲udāy-rā kih awwal i har awwal ast), completed in the rough by Abū ’l-K̲h̲air known as (al-maʿrūf bah) K̲h̲air Allāh entitled (al-muk̲h̲āṭab bah) K̲h̲air Allāh K̲h̲ān and, as a poet, calling himself (al-mutak̲h̲alliṣ bi-’l-) “Muhandis”⁸ b. Luṭf Allāh on 24 Muḥarram 1160/5 Feb. 1747 (so Ivanow: the Bānkīpūr catalogue says “in the third decade of the reign of Muḥammad S̲h̲âh, who reigned ah 1131–1161 = 1719–1748”), then revised and fair-copied soon after 1161/1748 and shortly before the author’s death by his son M. ʿAlī al-riyāḍī: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1084 (554 foll. ah 1176/1762, possibly by the editor himself), Bānkīpūr xi 1058 (394 foll. ah 1251/1836), ʿAlīgaṛh-ʿulūm i Fārsī 6 (see S. Sulaimān Nadwī’s article⁹ pp. 44–5).

For the version of the Majisṭī, doubtless an abridgment of Ṭūsī’s, which forms the second fann of the fourth jumlah in the Durrat al-tāj of Quṭb al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Masʿūd S̲h̲īrāzī, one of Ṭūsī’s pupils (d. 710/1311), see the section relating to Encyclopaedias in the present survey.

§ 71. The Hindu astronomer Varāha-mihira (Bārāhamihir,¹⁰ as the translator calls him) probably lived from 505 to 587 ad.

Bṛihat-saṃhitā,¹¹ a Sanskrit work on astronomy in 104 chapters (ed. J.K.H. Kern in Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta 1864–5, trans. by the same in jras. 1870, 1871, 1873, 1875).

¶ Persian translation (with omission of eight chapters containing kufr): Tarjamah i Bārāhī [Sang’hitā] (beg. Ḥ. u sp. i wāfir u S̲h̲. u t̲h̲. i mutawāfir [mutawātir?] ḥaḍrat i Pāds̲h̲āhī rā kih gunbad), made at the request of Sultān Fīrōz-S̲h̲āh [Tug̲h̲luq, ah 752–90/1351–88: cf. pl. i § 666] by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz [b.] S̲h̲ams [b.] Bahāʾ Nūrī Dihlawī,¹² the author of a Tārīk̲h̲ i Fīrōz-S̲h̲āhī:¹³ Ethé 1997 (breaks off in Bāb 104. 313 foll.), Bhīkanpūr, u.p., India, Ḥabībīyah Library (see Nuzhat al-k̲h̲awāṭir (in Arabic) p. 68, where the opening words are given as Baʿd az adā-yi aṭyab i taḥīyat … pūs̲h̲īdah na-mānad kih).

§ 72. Mā-s̲h̲āʾa-’llāh i Ḥakīm [i.e. presumably Mā-s̲h̲āʾa-’llāh al-Baṣrī, the leading astrologer under the early ʿAbbāsids from al-Manṣūr (136–58/754–75) to al-Maʾmūn (198–218/813–33): see Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 391; Krause p. 444; Ency. Isl. under Mās̲h̲āʾallāh (J. Ruska)] is said by the Persian translator (?) to be the author of the Mafātīḥ al-qaḍāʾ, but it should be noted that, as Blochet points out, the Fihrist ascribes a work of this title to Sahl b. Bis̲h̲r (for whom see Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 396) and not to Mā-s̲h̲āʾa-’llāh.

Mafātīḥ al-qaḍāʾ, also called Abwāb al-mafātīḥ, an Arabic astrological work on the signs of the Zodiac: no mss. recorded?

Persian translation (beg…. Ammā bi-dān-kih īn kitāb M. al-qaḍā-st u A. al-m. nīz k̲h̲wānand … u īn taṣnīf i Mā- s̲h̲ā-Allāh i Ḥakīm-ast): Blochet ii 895 (foll. 30–148. Late 12th cent. ad).

§ 73. Abū Maʿs̲h̲ar Jaʿfar b. M. b. ʿUmar al-Balk̲h̲ī died at Wāsiṭ in 272/886 (see Ency. Isl. under Abū Maʿs̲h̲ar (Suter); Brockelmann i p. 221, Sptbd. i p. 394; C̲h̲ahār maqālah, notes p. 198, trans. p. 129; Krause pp. 450–3; etc.). His works were written in Arabic, but there are some Persian translations.

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Aḥkām taḥwīl sinī ’l-mawālīd, Arabic, in seven¹⁴ maqālahs: see H. K̲h̲. i p. 171¹; Krause p. 451 (5); Brockelmann i p. 222⁴, Sptbd. i p. 395 (8).

Persian abridgment (presumably the translation of an Arabic abridgment¹⁵): Burhān al-kifāyah (probably a spurious title¹⁶) [al-muk̲h̲taṣar min Taḥwīl sinī ’l-mawālīd taṣnīf Abī Maʿs̲h̲ar according to D̲h̲arīʿah iii ¶ p. 100 no. 320] (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Muqaddamah. Bi-dān-kih aḥkām i nujūm rā c̲h̲andīn c̲h̲īz bi-bāyad), by Abū Saʿīd Aḥmad b. M. [b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl] al-Sanjarī [sic, but read al-Sijzī], who was alive in 358/969 and 389/999 (see Brockelmann i p. 219, Sptbd. i p. 388; Krause pp. 468–72; C̲h̲ahār maqālah, notes p. 199, trans. p. 129): Mas̲h̲had (Fihristī’s bequest. Not yet in the catalogue, but see D̲h̲arīʿah, loc. cit.).

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Astrological work without title (beg…. c̲h̲unīn gūyad … kih taʾt̲h̲īr i sitāragān az qirān az ʿālam i ʿulwī): Istānbūl Faiḍ Allāh 1362 (4) (foll. 64–77. ah 743/1342–3. Krause p. 453 (11)), 2144 (2) (23 foll. ah 1040/1630–1. Krause ibid.).

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al-Mawālīd (beg…. Awwalu mā yuḥtāju ilaihi fī ʿilmi ’l-mawālīd maʿrifat al-tarbiyah), in Arabic (different from Ahlwardt 5881–2): Ḥamīdīyah 856 (3) (24 foll. Circ. ah 700/ 1300–1. Cf. Krause p. 451 (3)).

Persian translation: Mawālīd (beg. (in Majlis 214) Bāb i awwal andar ʿilm i mawālīd. Nuk̲h̲ustīn c̲h̲īzī kih dar ʿamal [sic] i mawālīd ba-kār bāyad dās̲h̲t ān-ast kih), in 216 babs: Majlis i 214 (88 foll. ah 1240/1824–5), probably also ʿAlīgaṛh Subh. mss. p. 24 no. 11 (Aḥkām i mawālīd).

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(Miṣbāḥ al-ʿulūm fī aḥkām al-nujūm, a probably spurious title) (beg. al-H. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-nūr), Arabic, in five parts: see Krause p. 452 no. 7, Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 395 (22).

Persian translation (apparently) of Pt. i (“Planetenkonjunktionen in den Tierkreisbildern”): Āyā Ṣōfyah 2672 (7) (foll. 82–99. ah 699/1300. Krause p. 452).

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(al-Qirānāt) (beg. (Bodl. 1526) al-Ḥ. l…. c̲h̲unīn gūyad malik al-ḥukamāʾ A. M. al-B. raḥmatu ’llāhi ʿalaihi kih taʾt̲h̲īrāt i kawākib bi-bāyad s̲h̲ināk̲h̲t az qirānāt): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 301 no. 1570 (?) (Aḥkām al-qirānāt), Köprülü 1624 (1) (foll. 2–15. ah 734/1333–4. Krause p. 452 (10)), Bodleian 1526 (foll. 88b–100b. Circ. ah 868/1463–4), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702 no. 81, Sarāy 2672 (7) (?).

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Sāʿat-nāmah i muk̲h̲taṣarah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), written for Sulṭān Bahrām-S̲h̲āh and therefore, whichever Bahrām-S̲h̲āh be meant, later than Abū Maʿs̲h̲ar, though possibly based on his teachings: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 109 (less than 10 foll.).

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Various extracts from works of Abū Maʿs̲h̲ar: Bodleian 1527 (foll. 25–8), Leyden iii p. 157 no. 1196 (4), p. 159 no. 1196 (15), p. 160 no. 1196 (17).

§ 74. Abū Naṣr al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Qummī wrote (in 357/968 according to Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 472¹⁰) an Arabic work in five maqālahs and sixty-four faṣls of which the title, absent apparently from the text, is given in headings, colophons, etc., as al-Madk̲h̲al ilā ʿilm aḥkām al-nujūm or the like. Several mss. of this work are extant (see Brockelmann i p. 223, Sptbd. i p. 398, Krause p. 466). There is also (ms. Ahlwardt 5662) an Arabic abridgment (presumably of this Arabic work), ¶ in which the epitomator calls the original al-Bāriʿ al-mudk̲h̲hil [or al-madk̲h̲al] ilā aḥkām al-nujūm wa-’l-ṭawāliʿ [li-l-ʿallāmah … al-Ḥ. b. ʿA. al-Q….]. This form of the title occurs also in Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 3 no. 1602 (al-B. al-m. ilā a. al-n.). Another ms. in Berlin (Ahlwardt 5663) contains this work in a Persian form, which the D̲h̲arīʿah. citing the periodical S̲h̲arq, pt. 2 [unfortunately not available for the present survey], describes as an ancient Persian work composed circ. 327.¹⁷

(al-Bāriʿ fī aḥkām al-nujūm wa-l-ṭawāliʿ): Ahlwardt 5663 (foll. 222–435. No title in the text, but in the colophon Kitāb i Madk̲h̲al dar ʿilm i nujūm. ah 806/1403. No description of this ms. is given in Pertsch’s catalogue).

§ 75. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUmar al-Ṣūfī al-Rāzī died in 376/ 986 (see Brockelmann i p. 223, Sptbd. i p. 398; Krause p. 463, where references are given to A. Hauber Zur Verbreitung des Astronomen Ṣūfī (in Der Islām viii (1918) pp. 48–54) and Jos. M. Upton, Metropolitan Museum Studies iv (1933) pp. 179–97).

Ṣuwar al-kawākib, in Arabic (see Brockelmann and Krause).

Persian translations:

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(Tarjamah i Ṣuwar al-kawākib) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ḥ. al-s̲h̲ākirīn … Īn kitāb i Ṣ. al-k. ast kih ba-iltimās i baʿḍī dūstān az Tāzī bā Pārsī kardah mī-s̲h̲awad), completed in 647/1250 by Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī (cf. pl. ii § 10): D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 114 no. 540, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2595 (104 foll. ah 647, autograph, from Ulug̲h̲ Bēg’s library. Krause p. 498 (20)), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 23 (ah 1063/1653), Majlis i 196 (ah 1086/1675).

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(Tarjamah i Ṣuwar al-kawākib) (beg…. a. b. c̲h̲ūn markaz i dāʾirah i sar-gardānī Ḥasan b. Saʿd al-Qāʾinī), completed in 1040/1630–1 by Ḥasan b. Saʿd al-Qāʾinī and dedicated to Abū ’l-Fatḥ Minūc̲h̲ihr K̲h̲ān: for a ms. dated 1041/1631–2 (presumably in private possession) see Blochet ii p. 48 (under no. 773), where nothing is said concerning its whereabouts.

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(Tarjamah i Ṣuwar al-kawākib) (beg. Rak̲h̲s̲h̲andahtarīn kawākibī), prepared by Luṭf Allāh [“Muhandis”] b. Aḥmad al-Nādir al-Miʿmār [al-Lāhaurī, who in 1092/1681 prepared a translation of the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥisāb: see pl. ii § 31]: Berlin 332 (3).

Persian abridgment:¹⁸ K̲h̲ulāṣah i Ṣuwar i ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Ṣūfī (beg. al-H. l…. wa-baʿd bi-dān-kih kawākib i t̲h̲ābitah i falak az bisyārī s̲h̲umār i ān mumkin nīst): Blochet ii 773 (46 foll. Late 16th cent.).

¶ § 76. According to the Mas̲h̲had catalogue Ibn al-Muhandis ʿAlī b. Aḥmad Anṭākī [cf. Suter 140], who died in 376/987, is shown by certain indications (c̲h̲unānc̲h̲ih az pārah i qarāʾin i k̲h̲afīyah ba-dast āmadah) to be the author of:

(Muk̲h̲taṣarī dar maʿrifat i usturlāb i musarṭan) (beg. Īn risālah i muk̲h̲taṣarī-st d. m. i u. i m.), doubtless a translation from the Arabic: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 58 (5 foll. Presented in 1067/1657).

§ 77. Abū ’l-Ḥasan Kūs̲h̲yār¹⁹ b. Labbān, or Labār,²⁰ b. Bās̲h̲ahrī al-Jīlī refers in his Mujmal al-uṣūl to the Yazdagirdī years 321 (= ah 342/953–4) and 361 (= ah 383/993–4) in contexts which suggest that they fell within his lifetime. The ms. Rehatsek p. 43 no. 86 contains some Arabic tracts by him. [Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah p. 83; C̲h̲ahār maqālah, notes p. 202, trans. p. 130; Brockelmann i p. 222, Sptbd. i p. 397; Krause p. 472].

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(Mujmal al-uṣūl) or (al-Madk̲h̲al fī ṣināʿat aḥkām al-nujūm), a compendium of astrology in four maqālahs, extant both in Arabic (see Brockelmann i p. 222, Sptbd. i p. 397, Ethé 2256 (3), Krause p. 472 (2); Ḥ. K̲h̲. v pp. 405 (Mujmal al-uṣūl), 475 (Madk̲h̲al fī ʿilm al-nujūm)) and Persian.

Persian text: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 407 no. 2123 (“al-Arbaʿ maqālāt”. Acephalous ms. dated 725/1325 in the possession of S. Abū ’l-Qāsim al-Mūsawī at Najaf), Meherji Rana p. 92 (ah 1033/ 1624), Bodleian 1543 (acephalous. 48 foll.).

For a Persian Commentary on the Arabic text, see § 98 infra.

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al-Zīj al-jāmiʿ, Arabic, in four maqālahs (see Brockelmann i p. 222, Sptbd. i p. 397; Krause p. 472 (1)).

Persian translation: (Tarjamah i Zīj i jāmiʿ), written in 483/1090 by M. b. ʿUmar b. Abī Ṭālib al-munajjim al-Tabrīzī at the instance of Jamāl al-Dīn Abū Jaʿfar b. Ayāz in the reign of Malik-S̲h̲āh: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 570 (under Zīj i Kūs̲h̲yār), Leyden iii p. 87 no. 1056 (Maqālah i only. Probably ah 689/1290).

§ 78. Abu ʿAlī al-Ḥusain b. ʿAbd Allāh Ibn Sīnā was born near Buk̲h̲ārā in 370/980 and died at Hamadān in 428/1037 (see Ency. Isl. under Ibn Sīnā (T.J. de Boer); Brockelmann i p. 453, Sptbd. i p. 812; Browne Lit. Hist. ii pp. 106–11; C̲h̲ahār maqālah trans. pp. 155–8; etc.).

¶ Risālah i adwār (beg. Īn risālah īst dar bayān i adwār az qaul i S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Raʾīs … Bi-dān-kih munajjimān-rā waḍʿī ast): Kapūrt’halah (see M. S̲h̲afīʿ’s description in ocm. iii/4 (Aug. 1927) p. 4).

§ 79. Abū Jaʿfar M. b. Aiyūb al-ḥāsib al-Ṭabarī (see pl. ii § 5).

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Astrological treatise (beg. C̲h̲unīn gūyad … kih az dus̲h̲wārī i s̲h̲ināk̲h̲tan i ḥālhā) in thirty chapters: Asʿad 3797 (7) (16 foll. Circ. ah 793/1391. Krause p. 492), possibly also Leyden iii p. 157 no. 1196 (6) (extract only. ah 711/1311–12).

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k. Maʿrifat al-uṣturlāb, or S̲h̲as̲h̲ faṣl (beg. Īn kitābī ast dar pāsuk̲h̲ i imtiḥān u suʾāl kardah būdand Abī Jaʿfar M. b. Aiyūb al-ḥāsib al-Ṭabarī rā dar maʿrifat i uṣṭurlāb), in six faṣls: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 365, Aumer 347 (breaks off early in Faṣl 5. Old).

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dar muqaddamāt i ik̲h̲tiyārāt bar saiyāragān i sabʿah (beg…. c̲h̲unīn gūyad M. b. Aiyūb): Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 198 ult., Dorn p. 306 no. 317 (4) (foll. 55–65).

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Risālah i qawāʿid i chand dar maʿrifat i har ḥarakatī u qausī u dāʾiraʾī u khaṭṭī u nuqṭaʾī kih munajjimān bar ān ʿamal kunand: Kapūrt’halah (ah 1160/1747. See ocm. iii/4 (August 1927) p. 5).

(5)

Zīj al-mufrad (beg. Baʿd i t̲h̲anā-yi Īzad subḥānahu wa-taʿālā kih Āfrīdgār i dū jahān u Rūzī-dih i bandagān-ast), in four faṣls each containing many subdivisions followed by a kitāb al-istik̲h̲rājāt consisting almost entirely of tables: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 568 (title only), Browne Coll. O. 1 (defective at end. 180 foll. Some lacunae and dislocations. Apparently transcribed in author’s lifetime [?]. Note of ownership dated 700/1300–1).

§ 80. Abū ’l-Raiḥān M. b. Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī was born at K̲h̲wārazm in 362/973 and died at G̲h̲aznī in 440/1048 (see Brockelmann i p. 475, Sptbd. i p. 870; Browne Lit. Hist. ii pp. 96–8; C̲h̲ahār maqālah, trans. pp. 127–9; Ency. Isl. under Bīrūnī (Brockelmann); Al-Biruni—his life and his works, by Dr. Zia Uddin [i.e. Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn] Ahmad (in Islamic culture v/3 (July 1931) pp. 343–51; Al-Biruni’s researches in trigonometry as given in the third book of Qanun Mas‘udi, by Dr. Zia Uddin Ahmad (in Islamic culture vi/3 (July 1932) pp. 363–9; Abu ’r-Raihan al-Beruni, by F. Krenkow (in Islamic culture, vi/4 (Oct. 1932) pp. 528–34); H. Ritter Orientalia i (1933) pp. 74–8; Krause p. 479; Al-Biruni commemoration volume, Calcutta 1951; etc.).

al-Tafhīm li-awāʾil ṣināʿat al-tanjīm (beg. Dānistan i ṣūrat i ʿālam u c̲h̲igūnagī i nihād i āsmān u zamīn), a catechism of elementary astronomy and astrology (geometry and arithmetic, the shape of the world, and judicial astrology) in 530 sections composed, partly if not entirely, in 420/1029 for Raiḥānah bint al-Ḥasan and extant also in a similarly ¶ dedicated Arabic edition (for which see Brockelmann i p. 476, Sptbd. i p. 872; Krause p. 480 (4) and Nicoll’s detailed description in his Bodleian catalogue pp. 262–8): Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 385 (where nothing is said about the Persian edition, the date of composition is given as 421 and the dedicatee as Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī ’l-Faḍl al-K̲h̲āṣṣī), D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 362 no. 1578, Rehatsek p. 45 no. 93 (A. Yazd. 628 [ad 657–8?]), p. 26 no. 47 (2) (extract only), Brelvi-Dhabhar p. ii no. 2 (2) (the same extract, transcribed presumably from the preceding ms.), Blochet ii 774 (ah 668/1269), Rieu ii 451 (ah 685/1286), 452b (19th cent.), iii 1019b (extracts only. Circ. ad 1850), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2780 (defective at end. 7th/13th or 8th/14th cent. Krause p. 480), Lindesiana p. 127 no. 700 (circ. ad 1780). Facsimile of a ms. of the Arabic text with English translation: The Book of instruction in the elements of the art of astrology. By … al-Biruni. Written in Ghazna, 1029 ad Reproduced from Brit. Mus. ms. Or. 8349. The translation facing the text by R. Ramsay Wright. London 1934.

Edition of the Persian text: Tihrān a.h.s. 1318/1939–40 (ed. Jalāl al-Dīn “Sanā” Humāʾī [cf. pl. i § 1668 (17)]. See Islamic culture xxiv/2 (April 1950) p. 140 n.1; Nat̲h̲r i Fārsī i muʿāṣir p. 206¹⁰).

§ 81. S̲h̲ah-Mardān b. Abī ’l-K̲h̲air Rāzī, a secretary (dabīr) and accountant (mustaufī), not a professional astrologer, is the author of an encyclopaedia, the Nuzhat-nāmah i ʿAlāʾī (see Bodleian 1480, Gotha 10, Majlis 784, jras. 1929 p. 863 n.2, etc.), which must have been written after 475/1082–3 (or 477/ 1084–5 according to the text quoted in the Majlis catalogue p. 492⁹), since that is the date which he assigns (with a query) to an event witnessed by him at Kās̲h̲ān (N.-n., maqālah x, bāb 1, last faṣl). His Rauḍat al-munajjimīn was submitted for approval to his master Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm [so Rieu] al-Nasawī [apparently a mistake for Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-Nasawī, an astronomer of Raiy, for whom see pl. ii p. 34, n. 84; Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah p. 109; Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 390].

Rauḍat al-munajjimīn (beg. Sp. K̲h̲udāy rā kih Āfrīdgār i jahān-ast u Rūzī-dihandah), a large work on astrology for beginners in fifteen maqālahs composed probably, in part at least, in the Yazdagirdī years 442–3 [ah 465–6/1072–4], “which are given as examples of calculations” (Rieu): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 512, Rieu ii 870a (ah 814/1411), 852b (extract only, foll. 77–85. ah 894/1489 or thereabouts), Rehatsek p. 22 no. 39 (acephalous. ah 821/1418), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2788, Leyden iii p. 160 no. 1196 (18) (maqālah vi (the astrolabe) only), probably also Berlin ms. Orient. 4° 848 (see bsos. x/1 (1939) p. 124).

¶ § 82. ʿAin al-Zamān Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. M. al-Qaṭṭān al-Marwazī, physician and man of letters, was born at Marw in 465/1072–3 and was put to death there by the G̲h̲uzz invaders in Rajab 548/October 1153. He was the author of a treatise on prosody, of medical works and of al-Dauḥah fī ’l-ansāb. He corresponded with Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn Waṭwāṭ (see Majmūʿat rasāʾil R. al-D. al-W., Cairo ah 1315/1897–8, ii p. 15 sqq.).

[Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah, ed. M. S̲h̲afīʿ, pp. 155, 212 (where some other references will be found); Irs̲h̲ād al-arīb iii pp. 169¹²–179 (defective at both ends and wrongly printed as part of the biography of al-Iskāfī: see Bīst maqālah i Qazwīnī ii pp. 274–7); Bug̲h̲yat al-wuʿāt p. 224; Majlis catalogue i pp. 113–14].

Gaihān-shināk̲h̲t (beg. Sp. Āfrīdgār rā kī har-c̲h̲i āfrīd durust u k̲h̲ūb āfrīd), composed at Marw in 498–500/1104–7 and divided into three faṣls ((1) dar bayān i ʿālam i ʿulwī, (2) dar bayān i ʿālam i suflī, (3) dar gud̲h̲as̲h̲tan i rūzgār): Majlis i 202 (67 foll. Transcribed in 1347/1928–9 from a ms. of 586/1190. Cf. Nāmah i Farhangistān i/4 p. 32).

§ 83. Of unknown authorship is:

(Ik̲h̲tiyārāt i Sanjarī)²¹ (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. K̲h̲udāy rā kih juz Ū rā har-c̲h̲ih nām i hastī ast), composed by order of Sulṭān Sanjar b. Malik-S̲h̲āh (ah 511–52/1117–57) and dedicated to him: Majlis i 147 (2) (ah 1040/1630–1).

§ 84. Zahīr al-Ḥaqq [wa-’l-Dīn] Abū ’l-Maḥāmid M. b. Masʿūd b. M. b. al-Zakī al-G̲h̲aznawī was the author of (1) al-Badīʿ [fī ’l-naḥw] (cf. Mug̲h̲nī ’l-labīb, Cairo 1328–9, ii p. 117²⁰, Bug̲h̲yat al-wuʿāt p. 105, Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 39), (2) Nāfiʿ al-T̲h̲amarah, a commentary on Ptolemy’s T̲h̲amarah (for which see pl. ii § 70), mentioned by the author himself in his Kifāyat al-taʿlīm (fol. 46a in the Panjāb Univ. ms.: see Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah, notes, p. 208⁶), and (3) Iḥyāʾ al-ḥaqq, mentioned in the Tatimmat Ṣ. al-ḥ. No mss. of these works seem to be recorded.

[Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah, ed. M. S̲h̲afīʿ, pp. 149, 207–10; Durrat al-ak̲h̲bār p. 96; Itmām al-Tatimmah (ms. Köprülü 902, fol. 198b, quoted in M. S̲h̲afīʿ’s notes to the Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah p. 208 penult.)].

It has been assumed (e.g. by Brockelmann, M. S̲h̲afīʿ, and Krause) that M. b. Masʿūd al-G̲h̲aznawī was the same person as M. b. Masʿūd al-Masʿūdī, the author of the Jahān-dānis̲h̲, a translation of the translator’s own (non-extant?) Arabic work, al-Kifāyah fī ʿilm haiʾat al-ʿālam (see pl. ii § 89). In spite of the curious resemblances, however, the latter seems to be a different person, whose laqab was apparently S̲h̲araf al-Dīn, not Ẓahīr al-Dīn.

¶ Kifāyat al-taʿlīm fī ṣināʿat al-tanjīm (beg. Sp. u st. K̲h̲udāy-rā kih Āfrīdgār-ast bī mak̲h̲āyil i ḥājat), on astronomy and astrology, mainly the latter, composed partly in 542/ 1147 (the 1st of Muḥarram in that year being mentioned as the date of writing on fol. 90b of Ivanow-Curzon 566,²² which has 168 leaves) and divided into two books called jins (jins i awwal dar ʿilm i haiʾat, in three nawʿs, jins i duwum dar ʿilm i aḥkām in five nawʿs); Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 219, Istānbūl Wahbī Efendī 894 (160 foll. ah 740/1339–40. Krause p. 512 (1)), Bodleian 2030 ah 865/1461), Blochet ii 904 (ad 1576–7. Ornate ms. transcribed for S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl ii), Ross-Browne 16 (ah 1033/1624), Rehatsek p. 41 nos. 79 (ah 1075/1664–5), 80, Majlis 201 (ah 1125/1713), Ivanow Curzon 566 (ah 1147/1735), 567 (1) (said to have been transcribed from a ms. dated 729/1329, which had been copied from an autograph. 18th cent.), Ivanow 1500 (1) (a fragment = foll. 2–29 of Ivanow-Curzon 566. 18th cent.), Bānkīpūr xi 1050 (much damaged. 18th cent.), 1049 (19th cent.), Browne Suppt. 1046 (ah 1219/1804), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1253/1837. See ocm. x/3 p. 101), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iii (1859) p. 499), Univ. no. 415* (Salemann-Rosen p. 17), Āyā Sōfyah 2699 (n.d. Krause p. 512 (1)), Esmī K̲h̲ān Sulṭān 297, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2797, Leyden iii p. 158 no. 1196 (9) (11) (12) (short extracts only).

Anonymous Arabic translation: S̲h̲arḥ²³ Kifāyat al-taʿlīm … (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. sabʿa samāwātⁱⁿ ṭibāq^an): Ahlwardt 5891 (two copies, one circ. ah 1000/1591, the other circ. 1100/1688), Browne Hand-list 1279 (ah 1137/1724–5), Asʿad 1972 (168 foll. ah 1188/1774. Krause p. 512), possibly also ʿUmūmīyah 4639.

§ 85. Ẓahīr al-Dīn Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī ’l-Qāsim Zaid al-Baihaqī, who died in 565/1169–70, has already been mentioned in connexion with his Tārīk̲h̲ i Baihaq (pl. i pp. 354, 1295) and his Tatimmat Ṣiwān al-ḥikmah (pl. i pp. 1105).

Jawāmiʿ i aḥkām al-nujūm (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā, wa-’l-ṣalātu ʿalā man ’imtaṭā g̲h̲awāriba ’l-risālah), a treatise on astrology in ten faṣls: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 636, D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 246 no. 1189, Browne Hand-list 1248 (153 foll. ah 1107/1695?), 1247 (Jāmiʿ i Baihaqī fī aḥkām al-nujūm, presumably the same work, but acephalous, since foll. 1–3 (beg. Baʿd al-ḥ. wa-’l-taṣliyah c̲h̲unīn gūyad Imām i ajall Abī ’l-Ḥasan … al-B. kih man dar har nauʿī) were ¶ transcribed from an abridgment (muk̲h̲taṣar). 356 foll. Circ. ah 1137/1724–5), Kapūrt’halah (ah 1160/ 1747. See ocm. iii/4 (Aug. 1927) p. 8), Ivanow 1493 (acephalous. 18th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 29 (Jāmiʿ i Baihaqī), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 104), Rehatsek p. 40 no. 76 (n.d.), p. 4 no. 4 (?) (Intik̲h̲āb i Baihaqī. Presumably extracts from this work). For six other mss. (including one at Sabzawār dated 949 and one in the Madrasah i Sipahsālār in Tihrān) see the Tārīk̲h̲ i Baihaq, muqaddamah.

§ 86. ʿAlī b. M. al-S̲h̲arīf al-Bakrī.

Burhān al-kifāyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-k̲h̲alqa ʿalā g̲h̲airi mit̲h̲āl), a detailed treatise on astrology composed probably in the 6th/12th century or earlier and divided apparently into two bābs and twelve burjs: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 46, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 100 no. 321, Maʿārif ii 330 (old), i 117 (acephalous. ah 1052/1642), Rehatsek p. 42 nos. 83 (ah 901/1495–6), 82 (ah 1106/1694–5), p. 9 no. 12 (ah 1130/1717), Lindesiana p. 121 no. 698 (circ. ad 1650), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Chanykov 131. Begins differently: al-Ḥ. l. Mubdiʾ al-as̲h̲yāʾ wa-Muʿīdihā. ah 1074/ 1664), Univ. no. 111 (Salemann-Rosen p. 12), Ethé 2270 (ah 1089/1678), Ivanow Curzon 643 (early 19th cent.), Asʿad 1971, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1698 nos. 68, 36.

Abridgment (?): Mafātīḥ al-nujūm wa-maṣābīḥ al-ʿulūm (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. Huwa ’l-Ḥaqq al-Mubīn), written in 636/1239 by S̲h̲araf [al-Dīn] Bursawī: Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 7, Majlis 641 (1) (ah 1178/1764–5), Lindesiana p. 115 no. 716d (M. al-n. Author not stated in the Hand-list. ah 1189/1775).

§ 87. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn M. b. ʿUmar al-Rāzī died at Harāt in 606/ 1209 (see Brockelmann i pp. 506–8, Sptbd. i pp. 920–4; Durrat al-ak̲h̲bār pp. 121–2; al-Fawāʾid al-bahīyah p. 191 n.; etc.).

(1)

al-Aḥkām al-ʿAlāʾīyah fī ’l-aʿlām al-samāʾīyah, or, as it seems to be more frequently (but less correctly?) called, al-Ik̲h̲tiyārāt al-ʿAlāʾīyah fī ’l-ik̲h̲tiyārāt²⁴ al-samāʾīyah (beg. T̲h̲anā’ i bī-muntahā mar ḥaḍrat i kibriyā-yi K̲h̲udāy rā kih d̲h̲āt i Ū az munāsabat i zamān … a. b. hīch ṭāʿat baʿd az ṭāʿat i K̲h̲udāy), on the selection of propitious days and times for various acts and affairs, composed for Sulṭān ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn M.²⁵ K̲h̲wārazm-S̲h̲āh b. Takas̲h̲ (ah 596–617/1200–20) and divided into two maqālahs ((1) dar kullīyāt i mit̲h̲ālīyah, in nine faṣls, (2) dar juzʾīyāt, in ¶ eighty maṭlabs (so Majlis ms.)): Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 172 (al-Aḥkām al-ʿA. fī ’l.-a. al-s.), p. 199 (al-Ik̲h̲tiyārāt al-ʿA.), Browne Coll. O. 3 (lacunae and dislocations. ah 672/ 1273 (?)), Köprülü 1624 (8) (foll. 45–64. ah 735/1334–5. Krause p. 489), Fātiḥ 5360 (7) (ah 839/1435–6. Krause ibid.), 5308 (1), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2689 (92 foll. ah 915/1509–10, Krause ibid.), Bodleian 1496 (ah 978/1571), Lindesiana p. 137 no. 568 (circ. ad 1700), Kapūrt’halah (ah 1160/1747. See ocm. iii/4 (Aug. 1927) pp. 3–4), Blochet iv 2404 (?) (Ik̲h̲tiyārāt, by Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī, in nine sections [apparently therefore Maqālah i only]. Early 19th cent.), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 1, Majlis 148, Rawān Kös̲h̲kü 1705 (Krause p. 489), Wahbī Efendī 855 (n.d. Krause p. 489).

Arabic translations:

(a)

al-Aḥkām al-ʿAlāʾīyah fī ’l-aʿlām al-samāʾīyah, by the author himself (according to de Slane, who describes it as in nine chapters): de Slane 2592 (ah 678/ 1279). Fātiḥ 5308 (1) (ah 1119/1707. Krause p. 489).

(b)

al-Ik̲h̲tiyarāt al-ʿAlāʾīyah fī ’l-ik̲h̲tiyārāt al-samāʾīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. li-Mustaḥiqqi ’l-ḥ. bi-kamālihi), anonymous: de Slane 2521 (5) (16th cent.), perhaps also 1360 (2) (15th cent.).

(2)

al-Sirr al-maktūm fī muk̲h̲āṭabat al-nujūm,²⁶ in Arabic, on astrology, talismans, etc., ascribed to Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī: see Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 596, Brockelmann i p. 507, Sptbd. i p. 923, Krause p. 489 (2).

Persian translations:

(a)

[Tarjamah i] Sirr i maktūm, an anonymous translation made by order of the Sulṭān of Delhi S̲h̲ams al-Dīn … Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Īltutmis̲h̲ (ah 607–33/ 1210–35) and dedicated to him and his son Abū ’l-Ḥārit̲h̲ Rukn al-Dīn Fīrōz-S̲h̲āh: Blochet ii 897 (ah 995/1587), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iv (1863) p. 56).

Edition (?): … S̲h̲arḥ i S. al-m., Bombay 1312/1894°* (173, [1] pp. C[hitra] P[rabha] Press). An edition (apparently of the Arabic text) lithographed (164 pp. 30 ll.) by order of Mīrzā Muḥammad S̲h̲īrāzī [doubtless Malik al-Kuttāb: cf. pl. i 492, etc.] without place [presumably Bombay] or date is mentioned by Krause.

(b)

Extracts concerning the prognostics obtainable from the planets and the mansions of the moon, translated in 780/1378–9 by ʿAbd al-Malik b. Asʿad S̲h̲īrāzī: Blochet iv 2399 (ah 780/1378–9).

¶ § 88. Maḥmūd b. M. b. ʿUmar C̲h̲ag̲h̲mīnī.

al-Mulak̲h̲k̲h̲aṣ fī ’l-haiʾah, an Arabic work completed in 618/1221 (according to the Leyden ms., iii p. 102 no. 1083): see Brockelmann i p. 473, Sptbd. i p. 865; Krause pp. 509–10 (Lālah-lī 2141, dated 644/1246–7).

Persian commentaries:

(a)

S̲h̲arḥ i Mulak̲h̲k̲h̲aṣ (beg. Ḥ. u sp. u t̲h̲. i bī-ḥ. u q. ḥaḍrat i Ḥakīm u Qadīr u ʿAlīm u K̲h̲abīr rā kih mudīr), dedicated to Sulṭān Ulug̲h̲ Bēg by Ḥusain b. al-Ḥusainī [sic] al-K̲h̲uwārazmī:²⁷ Bodleian 1524 (foll. 16–72).

(b)

Ḥikam al-riyāḍī (beg. Aḥsanu ’l-haiʾati ’llatī tuṣawwiruhā ’l-nāṭiqah), begun in 1120/1708–9 (for which date the title is a chronogram) and completed in 1130/1718–19 by M. Zamān b. M. Ṣādiq b. Abī Yazīd Anbālajī Dihlawī, who completed in the same year a commentary on the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥisāb (see pl. ii pp. 10 (f), 14): Ivanow 1498 (ah 1133/1720–1), possibly also Blochet iv 2370 (2) (see § 142 infra).

§ 89. S̲h̲araf al-Dīn [?]²⁸ M. b. Masʿūd al-Masʿūdī may be the same person as S̲h̲araf al-Dīn al-Masʿūdī al-Ḥanafī, the author of a law-book, al-Hādī fī ’l-furūʿ, mentioned by Ḥ. K̲h̲. (vi p. 470) but not at the moment traceable elsewhere. He wrote also Mabāḥith al-s̲h̲ukūk wa-’l-s̲h̲ubah ʿalā ’l-Is̲h̲ārāt, notes on the Is̲h̲ārāt of Ibn Sīnā (Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 817⁵) and Risālat al-jabr wa-’l-muqābalah (Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 384).

Jahān-dānis̲h̲ (beg. Ḥ. u st. K̲h̲udāy-rā kih Āfrīdgār i jahān-ast u padīd-ārandah … a. b. c̲h̲. mī-g. muʾallif i īn kitāb M. b. Mas. al-Masʿūdī kih c̲h̲ūn az taʾlīf i kitāb al-Kifāyah fī ʿilm haiʾat al-ʿālam fārig̲h̲ s̲h̲udam), a translation completed on 14 S̲h̲aʿbān 643/4 Jan. 1246²⁹ of the translator’s own (no longer extant?) Arabic work al-Kifāyah fī ʿilm haiʾat al-ʿālam, undertaken at ¶ the request of friends ignorant of Arabic and divided into two maqālahs ((1) dar bayān i tarkīb i aflāk …, in twenty-three bābs, (2) dar bayān i haiʾat i zamīn … in fourteen bābs): Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 223 (under al-Kifāyah), D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 298 no. 1403, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2603 (82 foll. ah 643/1245–6. Krause p. 512 (2)), 2602 (154 foll. ah 654/1256. Krause ibid.), 2601 (Krause ibid.), Berlin 328 (ah 669/1271), Blochet ii 775 (ah 679/1280), 776 (ah 739/1338), Vatican ms. Arab. 1398 (2) (ah 706/1306. Levi della Vida p. 216), Rieu Suppt. 154 (ah 855/1451), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2905 (ah 884/1479, from a ms. of 647. Krause p. 212 (2)), Bodleian 1497 (ah 958/1551), Leyden iii p. 159 no. 1196 (16) (extracts only), Lindesiana p. 121 no. 708 (author’s name given as ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusain al-Masʿūdī [!]. Circ. ad 1750), Maʿārif i 120, ʿUmūmīyah 4639.

Edition: Ṭihrān a.h.s. 1315/1936–7‡ (with short preface (2 pp.) by M. Mīr-Fak̲h̲rāʾī. 190 pp. Az nas̲h̲rīyāt i Anjuman i Sāl-nāmah i Dabīristān i Pahlawī).

For the Āt̲h̲ār i ʿulwī of M. b. Masʿūd al-Masʿūdī, in which the Jahān-dānis̲h̲ is mentioned as a work of the author’s own, see the section relating to Meteorology in the present survey.

§ 90. Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar.

Zīj i Nāṣirī, dedicated to Nāṣir al-Dīn Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Maḥmūd b. al-Sulṭān Yamīn³⁰ [so in the D̲h̲arīʿah, i.e. Nāṣir al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn Īltutmis̲h̲, of Delhi, ah 644–64/ 1246–65: cf. Oriens v/1 (1952) p. 193 penult.]: Ḥusain Āqā Nak̲h̲jawānī’s library [presumably at Tabrīz: cf. Oriens v/1 p. 193²] (D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 215), probably also Rehatsek p. 27 no. 47 (4) (extract only) and Brelvi-Dhabhar p. ii no. 2 (4) (the same extract, transcribed doubtless from the preceding ms.).

§ 91. Naṣīr³¹ al-Dīn M. b. M. b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī, astronomer, philosopher and S̲h̲īʿite theologian, was born at Ṭūs in 597/1201 and died at Bag̲h̲dād in 672/1274 (see Durrat al-ak̲h̲bār pp. 121–2; Brockelmann i pp. 508–12, Sptbd. i pp. 924–33; Ency. Isl. under Ṭūsī (Strothmann and Ruska); Browne Lit. Hist. ii pp. 484–6; K̲h̲wājah Naṣīr al-Dīn i Ṭūsī, by Murtaḍā Mudarrisī C̲h̲ahārdihī (in Armag̲h̲ān 19 (a.h.s. 1317/1938–9) pp. 130–2, 191–6, 252–8, 481–6, 535–40, 651–64); Krause pp. 494–505; etc.).

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¶ (Bīst bāb dar usṭurlāb) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ḥ. al-s̲h̲ākirīn (in some mss. R. al-ʿā.) … a. b. īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb mus̲h̲tamil bar bīst bāb): Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 83 (B. b.), iii p. 366⁵ (Risālat al-usṭurlāb), i.ḥ. 1226, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 187 no. 670, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2617 (1) (32 foll. ah 900/1494–5. Krause p. 495 (4)), 2624 (1) (foll. 1–39. Circ. ah 900. Krause ibid.), 4878 (11) (Krause ibid.), 2621 (1) (Krause ibid.), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 15 (ah 971/1563–4), 14 (ah 1041/1631–2), 19, Bodleian 1503 (ah 1017/1608–9), 1504–5, Blochet ii 772 (1) (early 17th cent.), iv 2371 (early 19th cent.), Rieu ii 853b (ah 1057/1647), 453a (ah 1079/1668), Suppt. 155 (2) (ah 1123/1711), Gotha 38 (ah 1072/1661–2), Ethé 2254 (2) (ah 1081/1670), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (at least four mss., two of them dated ah 1081/1670–1 and 1116/1704–5. See Dorn 128 (1) and 130 (8), Chanykov 124 (a), 138 (c)), Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques v (1868) p. 459), Lālah-lī 3674 (4) (circ. ah 1097/1686. Krause p. 495), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (2 copies, one dated 1123/1711. See ocm. x/3 p. 102), Mehren p. 9 no. 17 (3) (ah 1160/1747), Lindesiana p. 202 no. 717b (?) (circ. ad 1760), no. 716e (ah 1190/1776), Ivanow Curzon 568 (18th cent.), Ivanow 1484 (ah 1212/1797–8), Bānkīpūr xvii 1724 (18th cent.), Majlis 156 (ah 1299/1882), 206 (7), Būhār 225, Āṣafīyah i p. 820 no. 149, Berlin 22 (1), Fātiḥ 5330 (2) (Krause p. 495), Kapūrt’halah (see ocm. iii/4 p. 6), Maʿārif ii 332, Madrās ii 636, Rehatsek p. 33 no. 60 (2) (?), possibly also p. 137 no. 40 (5).

Editions: [Persia] 1276/1859³² (S̲h̲arḥ i B. b…. The B. b. with an introduction and commentary by Mullā Muẓaffar [b. M. Qāsim Gūnābādī³³] based on Bīrjandī’s commentary, and, on the margin, the Madk̲h̲al i manẓūm ascribed to Ṭūsī); 1316/1898–9 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 187 penult.) and others (“ṭubiʿa B. b. mukarrar^an bi-Īrān”, D̲h̲arīʿah, loc. cit.).

Commentaries: (a) Wasīlah, a commentary on Ṭūsī’s treatise on the astrolabe [i.e. doubtless the Bīst bāb] by Saiyid i Munajjim [i.e. presumably M. al-Ḥusainī, author of the Laṭāʾif al-kalām (see pl. ii § 100), who was alive in 803/1400–1 according to Ḥ. K̲h̲.]: Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iii (1859) p. 501). (b) Miftāḥ i Bīst bāb (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲anā-yi bī-ʿadd ḥaḍrat i Wājib al-Wujūdī rā kih d̲h̲ihn), anonymous in most mss., but described in the Mas̲h̲had catalogue as written in 817/1414 by S̲h̲ams al-Maʿālī M. Kiyā Jurjānī: Bodleian 1506 (ah 856/1452), Ethé 2255 (2) (ah 879/1474), Princeton 73 (16th cent.), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., ¶ no. 181 (not later than 1067/1656–7), Tashkent Acad. i 504 (defective at end), Āṣafīyah i p. 820 no. 171, probably also Rehatsek p. 6 no. 7 (ah 897/ 1491–2). (c) S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb (beg. Fātiḥah i k̲h̲iṭāb dar har bāb), completed in 899/1494³⁴ by ʿAbd al-ʿAlī b. M. b. Ḥusain al-Birjandī (for whom see pl. ii § 121): Bānkīpūr xvii 1648 (ah 1051/1641), xi 1047 (ah 1080/1669–70), 1045 (marginal notes by the commentator and by K̲h̲air Allāh K̲h̲ān Muhandis, for whom see pl. ii pp. 31, and § 145. ah 1165/1752), 1046 (with the same marginal notes. ah 1206/1791), Āṣafīyah i p. 816 nos. 84 (ah 1054/1644), 201 (ah 1270/1854), 213, [presumably also p. 806 nos. 74, 113, 189], Leningrad Dorn p. 305 no. 315 (2) (ah 1066/1655–6), p. 306 no. 317 (2), Rieu Suppt. 155 (5) (ah 1123/1711), Rieu ii 453 (ah 1221/1806), Blochet ii 783 (2) (ah 1126/1714), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 115 (not later than 1145/1732–3), Būhār 226 (18th cent.), Lindesiana p. 117 no. 713 (circ. ad 1800), Majlis 641 (7) (ah 1283/ 1866–7), 189, Ivanow Curzon 569 (19th cent.), Maʿārif ii 333, and others in Istānbūl. (d) S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. rafaʿa ’l-samāwāti bi-g̲h̲airi ʿamad), dedicated to Sulṭān Bāyazīd K̲h̲ān b. M. K̲h̲ān (ah 886–918/1481–1512) by M. b. Sulaimān al-Bursawī known as Afah-zādah: Blochet ii 783 (6) (ah 1126/ 1714). (e) by Mullā Muẓaffar: see p. 44 supra. (f) by ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn b. Maḥmūd Kirmānī: D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 30 no. 132. (g) Unidentified commentary: Cataloghi iii p. 316 no. 29 (4) (beg. Bi-smi ’llāhi … wa-minhu ’l-istiʿānah.³⁵ Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana). (h) (Risālah i usṭurlāb) (beg. Dānā-yi zamānhā u makānhā hamah Ūst), criticisms and corrections of an unspecified commentary on Ṭūsī’s Bīst bāb, dedicated to Ibrāhīm ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āh (ah 987–1035/1579–1626) by ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Ṣāliḥ M. b. Nāṣir al-Dīn Ṣiddīqī Fak̲h̲rī: Ivanow 1494 (3).

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Ik̲h̲tiyārāt al-nujūm, in prose: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 369 no. 1926 (ms. at Najaf in M. ʿAlī K̲h̲wānsārī’s library).

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(Ik̲h̲tiyārāt i masīr al-qamar, so Blochet 772 (21)), or (Ik̲h̲tiyārāt i qamar fī burūj i it̲h̲nai-ʿas̲h̲ar, so Bodl. 1512 (2)), or (Ik̲h̲tiyārāt al-muhimmāt bi-ḥasab taḥwīlāt al-qamar …, so D̲h̲arīʿah) (beg. Har mahī kʾāyad ba-taʾyīd i K̲h̲udāy i Lam-yazal* Jirm i mah dar k̲h̲ānah i Mirrīk̲h̲ yaʿnī dar Ḥamal), a short mat̲h̲nawī: Rauḍāt al-jannāt iv p. 67, l. 8 from foot (where this work is inadvertently described as a qaṣīdah lāmīyah), D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 368 ult., Bāyazīd 2269 (3) (foll. 44–6. ah 850/1446. Krause p. 498 no. 19), ¶ Āyā Ṣōfyah 2620 (2) (foll. 33–7. ah 874. Krause ibid.), 4840 (foll. 90–1. Krause ibid.), Blochet ii 772 (21) (early 17th cent.), Bodleian 1512 (2), probably also Ethé 1762 (24).

Edition: in Najīb al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī’s [Arabic?] Uṣūl al-malḥamah, ah 1306/1888–9 (D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 368 ult.).

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Madk̲h̲al i manẓūm (beg. Mard i dānā suk̲h̲an adā na-kunad), an anonymous mat̲h̲nawī on astrology (“on the propitious hours for the beginning of various undertakings” according to Ivanow), dedicated to Jamāl al-Dīn Abū ’l-Maḥāmid M. b. Aḥmad and sometimes (e.g. in Lālah-lī 3674 (7), Bāyazīd 2269 (1) and the printed edition) ascribed to Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī:³⁶ Rieu ii 871a (in a fine ms. written for Sulṭān Iskandar (cf. pl. i p. 65) in 813–14/1410–11), 801a (ah 884/1480), 811b (ah 1065/1654), Fātiḥ 5429 foll. 60–72 (ah 872/1468. Krause p. 498 no. 18), Lālah-lī 3674 (7) (ah 1079/1668–9. Krause ibid.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 77 (ah 1167/1754), perhaps also no. 72, Bodleian 1549, Ethé 2254, Ivanow Curzon 645 (ah 1220/1806), Āyā Ṣōfyah 4840 (3) (Manẓūmah i Madk̲h̲al i nujūm), p. 368 no. 2701 (1) (in a ms. with two other works, both of them by Ṭūsī), Bāyazīd 2269 (1) (al-M. fī ʿilm al-nujūm, by N. al-D. Ṭ. In a ms. containing also the Sī faṣl.), Cairo p. 524, possibly also Madras 500.

Edition: [Persia] 1276/1859° (on the margin of the Bīst bāb. Cf. pl. ii § 91 (1)).

(5)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrīfat i taqwīm: see Sī faṣl below.

(6)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb: see Bīst bāb above.

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Risālah i Muʿīnīyah (beg. Sp. u st. Ḥaḍrat i ʿIzzat i D̲h̲ū ’l-Jalāl rā), a manual of astronomy dedicated to Muʿīn al-Dīn Abū ’l-S̲h̲ams, son of the author’s patron Nāṣir al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Abī Manṣūr [Governor of Quhistān under the Ismāʿīlī princes ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn M. (d. 653) and Rukn al-Dīn K̲h̲wurs̲h̲āh, and dedicatee of the Ak̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī], and divided into four maqālahs: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 444, i.ḥ. 1173, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 93 (ah 665/1266–7), Browne Coll. O. 3 (disarranged portions only. ah 672/1273), Suppt. 686 (ah 1146/1733–4. King’s 200), Vatican Levi della Vida 1398 (4) (ah 706/1307), Fātiḥ 5302 (4) (34 foll. ah 722/1322. Krause, p. 494 (2)), Cairo p. 511 (ah 865/1460–1), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2670 (1) (173 foll. ah 866/1461–2. Krause p. 494 (2)), 4844 (n.d. Krause ibid.), Maʿārif i ¶ 125 (ah 1028/1619), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 22 no. 6 (ah 1168–9/1755–6), Rehatsek p. 38 no. 71 (ah 1204/1789–90), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2043 (18th cent.), Berlin 330 (2) (ah 1240/ 1825), 329 (1), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1279/1862–3. See ocm. x/3 p. 104), Ivanow Curzon 575 (19th cent.), Leningrad Univ. no. 197 (Salemann-Rosen p. 15), Majlis 178, 212 (the title Risālat al-mufīd given to the work in this ms. is doubtless a mere corruption), Ross and Browne 269, and others at Istānbūl (see Horn Pers. Hss.).

According to the Majlis catalogue p. 98² (no. 180) the work has been printed.

Annotations subsequently written by the author himself: (Ḥall i mus̲h̲kilāt i Risālah i Muʿīnīyah) (beg. Baʿd i farāg̲h̲ az taḥrīr i R. i M. dar haiʾat yakī az buzurgān): Fātiḥ 5302 (5) (10 foll. ah 722/1322. Krause p. 495 (3)), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2670 (2) (35 foll. ah 866/1461–2. Krause ibid.), 4853 (25) (n.d. Krause ibid.), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 23 no. 24 (?) (Risālah i mutaʿalliq bi-R. i M. 14 foll.), Berlin 330 (3), 329 (2), Leningrad Univ. no. 197 (2) (Salemann-Rosen p. 15), Majlis i 180 (2), and doubtless in some of the other mss. of the Muʿīnīyah mentioned above. According to the Majlis catalogue this work has been printed.

Appendix: (D̲h̲ail i Risālah i Muʿīnīyah) (beg. C̲h̲ūn ʿināyat i Rabbānī), in eight faṣls, perhaps identical with the preceding annotations: Bodleian iii 2839 (foll. 136–56. 16th cent.), Ross and Browne 269 foll. 105–28.

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Risālah i usṭurlāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-l-ṣ…. a. b. az ḥ. u t̲h̲.), a short tract “treating of the position of the planets in longitude and latitude”: Bānkīpūr xvii 1725 (foll. 32b–35b. 18th cent.).

(9)

Risālat al-usṭurlāb: see Bīst bāb above.

(10)

(Sī faṣl dar taqwīm), or (Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i taqwīm), the description occurring in the preface, (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st dar m. i t. mus̲h̲tamil bar sī faṣl), a short work completed in 658/1260 and extant also in an Arabic form (for which see i.ḥ. 1526 (Risālah fī maʿrifat al-taqwīm), Brockelmann i p. 512, Sptbd. i p. 931, Krause p. 495): H. K̲h̲. iii p. 642, Leyden iii p. 148 no. 1177 (ah 700/1300–1), Istānbūl Sarāy 3327 (1) (20 foll. ah 703/ 1303–4. Krause p. 495), Köprülü 1589 foll. 372–5 marg. (circ. ah 760/1359. Krause ibid.), Blochet iv 2036 (early 15th cent.?), ii 778 (early 17th cent.), iv 2363 (2) (17th cent.), 2404 (19th cent.), 2435 (with a preface and tables added by M. b. M. Kās̲h̲g̲h̲arī), Bāyazīd 2269 (2) (ah 848/1444. Krause p. 495), Rieu ii 452 (15th cent.), 853b (ah 1055–7/1645–7), 811a (ah 1065/1654), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702 nos. 28 (ah 976–7/1568–9), 30, Ethé ii 3071 (much damaged. ah 982/1574), i 2254 (3) (ah 1081/1670), Būhār 224 (ah 1082/1671), Vatican Pers. 12 (3) (17th cent. Rossi p. 39), Barb. ¶ Orient. 102 (1) (17th cent. Rossi p. 158), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 22 no. 14, Bodleian 1511–12, Cataloghi iii p. 314 no. 26 (Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana), p. 315 no. 27 (ibid.), p. 319 nos. 37–8 (ibid.), Flügel 1424 (1) (headings of the sections given), Majlis 206 (1), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 112, 180, Rehatsek p. 195 no. 42, and others in Istānbūl (cf. Krause p. 495).

Edition: 1295/1878 (Āṣafīyah i p. 818. Evidently appended, with Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī’s Risālah i haiʾat, to a Persian edition of the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥisāb: see Āṣafīyah i pp. 796 (no. 247) and 814).

Commentaries: (a) S̲h̲arḥ i Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i taqwīm (beg. Allāhu as̲h̲kuruhu ʿalā naʿmāʾihi), probably written in 727/ 1327 (the date of Naurūz being fixed for that year) by an anonymous author: Rieu ii 852a (ah 889/1484), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 122. (b) S̲h̲arḥ i Sī faṣl (beg. Ḥ. i nā-maʿdūd u madḥ i nā-maḥdūd ḥaḍrat i Wājib al-wujūd), written in 824/ 1421 by Badr [al-Dīn] Ṭabarī: Rieu ii 452b (15th cent.), Cataloghi iii p. 316 no. 29 (1) (Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana), Flügel ii 1424 (2), Majlis 193. (c) al-Tuḥfat al-Niẓāmīyah, or C̲h̲ihil faṣl, by ʿAbd al-Qādir Rūyānī: see § 114 infra. (d) Rabīʿ al-munajjimīn fī s̲h̲arḥ [al-] Fuṣūl al-t̲h̲alāt̲h̲īn (beg. Nuṭq i suk̲h̲andān kih mustak̲h̲rij), a detailed commentary (288 foll.) composed in 1069/1658–9 by M. Raḍī Mustaufī b. M. S̲h̲afīʿ: Majlis 173. (e) Ḥall i taqwīm (?), an unidentified commentary: Ethé 2255 (1) (acephalous. ah 878/1474). (f) (S̲h̲arḥ i Sī faṣl), an unidentified commentary: Leyden iii p. 149 no. 1580 (n.d.).

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Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī: see p. 31 supra.

(12)

Tarjamah i Ṣuwar al-kawākib: see p. 34 supra.

(13)

Tarjamah i T̲h̲amarah i Baṭlamyūs: see p. 30 supra.

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Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Baʿd az sp. u st. i Bārī … (so Bodl. 1513, but several mss. begin without ḥamdalah) K̲h̲udāy taʿālā C̲h̲ingiz K̲h̲ān rā quwwat dād), astronomical tables compiled by order of Hūlāgū (ah 654–63/1256–65), completed (in 670 according to Krause) under his successor Abāqā (ah 663–80/1265–82), to whom they are dedicated, and divided into four maqālahs: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 561, i.ḥ. 1636, Bodleian 1513 (ah 679/1280–1 mainly), Berlin 336 (ah 689/1290), Blochet ii 779 (defective at end. Said to have been transcribed by N. al-D. Ṭūsī’s son, Aṣīl al-Dīn Zauzanī. Late 13th cent.), iv 2365 (defective. Early 18th cent.), Rieu ii 454a (14th cent.), Sarāy 3513 (ah 814/1411–12. Krause p. 495 (6)), 3502 (15th cent. Krause ibid.), Leyden iii p. 149 no. 1181 (ah 835/1431–2), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 104 (ah 907/1501–2), 105–6, Browne Coll. O. 2 (15th cent.), Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 306, Cairo p. 512, Cataloghi iii p. 314 no. 25 (Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana), Rehatsek p. 24 no. 43 (old), p. 28 no. 50 (tables only), Vatican Pers. 85 (Rossi p. 103), and others at Istānbūl.

¶ Extract: Binae tabulae geographicae una Nassir Eddini Persae altera Ulug Beigi Tatari opera et studio J. Gravii … publicatae [a table of the longitudes and latitudes of 254 towns with Latin translation]. London 1652°, reprinted in Vol. iii of John Hudson’s Geographiae veteris scriptores Graeci minores, Oxford 1698–1712°, and in Chorasmiae et Mawaralnahrae … descriptio Abulfedae, Oxford 1711°, as well as in the Greek translation of the last work (Vienna 1807°: see Edwards col. 301).

Persian commentaries: (a) Kas̲h̲f i ḥaqāʾiq i Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī (beg. Ajnās i sp. i bī-q. kih maqāṭiʿ i auhām), completed not later than 709/1310, the date of the Rāmpūr autograph, by Ḥasan b. M. Nīs̲h̲āpūrī known as (maʿrūf bi-) Niẓām, i.e. Niẓām [al-Dīn] al-Aʿraj al-Naisābūrī al-Qummī, who completed Arabic commentaries on Ṭūsī’s Taḥrīr al-Majisṭī (Cureton-Rieu 392) and al-Tad̲h̲kirah al-Naṣīrīyah (Cureton-Rieu 396) in 704/1305 and 711/1311 respectively (cf. Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 273; Catalogue of the Arabic manuscripts in … the India Office, vol. ii no. 1138): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 563, Rāmpūr (ah 709/1310, autograph written for the library of Saʿd al-Dīn M. b. ʿAlī Sāwajī. See Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 252), Blochet ii 782 (defective at end. Early 14th cent.), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 114 (ah 870/1465–6), Rehatsek p. 23 no. 41, and others at Istānbūl. (b) al-Zīj al-muḥaqqaq al-Sulṭānī ʿalā uṣūl al-raṣad al-Il-K̲h̲ānī: see § 99 infra. (c) Tauḍīḥ i Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī, a commentary, or, as Rieu describes it, an enlarged recension, completed at Bag̲h̲dād in 795/1393 by Kamāl al-Dīn al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥusain b. al-Ḥasan S̲h̲ahans̲h̲āh al-Simnānī: Rieu ii 455a (acephalous and very defective. ah 795/1393, autograph). (d) Zīj i Jāmiʿ i Saʿīdī, dar tanqīḥ i Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī: see pl. ii § 108.

Abridgment: al-ʿUmdat al-Īl-K̲h̲ānīyah, or, as Ḥ. K̲h̲. calls it, Zīj i S̲h̲āhī (Ḥ. i bī-q. u intihā Ṣāniʿī rā), prepared by ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī-S̲h̲āh b. M. b. Qāsim al-Buk̲h̲ārī (for whom see pl. ii § 94), dedicated to the Wazīr M. b. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Tabrīzī and divided into two aṣls: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 565 (under Zīj i S̲h̲āhī), Blochet ii 781 (early 14th cent.).

Arabic translations: (i) al-ʿIqd al-Yamānī fī ḥall al-Zīj al-Īl-K̲h̲ānī, by Aḥmad b. Ibrāhīm b. K̲h̲alīl al-Ḥalabī³⁷ (d. 859/ 1455 according to Uri): Uri p. 195 no. 897 (cf. Nicoll p. 599b. 174 foll. N.d.). Brockelmann (Sptbd. ¶ i p. 931 (45)) gives a further reference to “Br. Mus. Add. 7698”, but this is the Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī itself (Rieu ii 454). (ii) Ḥall al-Zīj, completed in 934/1528 by ʿAlī b. al-Rifāʿī al-Ḥusainī al-S̲h̲āfiʿī for al-Qāḍī Kamāl al-Dīn al-Tād̲h̲ifī [?], Qāḍī ’l-quḍāt al-S̲h̲āfiʿī bi-’l-Ḥaramain al-S̲h̲arīfain, etc.: Gotha Arab. cat. iii 1404.

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Zubdat al-haiʾah³⁸ (beg. Baʿd az sp. u st. i Āfrīdgār jalla jalāluhu…. C̲h̲. g. muḥarrir i īn maqālat³⁹), a short treatise written at the request of some students (jamāʿatī mutaʿallimān) and divided into thirty bābs: i.ḥ. 1626, Sarāy 3455 (6) (11 foll. Transcribed in 666/1267–8 from an autograph. Krause p. 497 (13)), 3327 (2) (68 foll. ah 703/1303–4. Krause ibid.), Āyā Ṣōfyah 3730 (2) (defective. ah 688/1289. Krause ibid.), 2670 (3) (ah 866/1461–2. Krause ibid.), Leyden iii p. 150 no. 1183 (68 foll. ah 700/1300–1), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2931 (l) (ah 871/1466–7. Krause loc. cit.), Rehatsek p. 24 no. 44 (ah 1111/1699–1700), Cairo p. 511, Majlis 180 (beg. C̲h̲. g. muqarrir i īn fuṣūl), and others at Istānbūl.

According to the Majlis catalogue this work has been printed.

Anonymous Arabic translation: (Tarjamat Zubdat al-haiʾah) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Fātir al-Samāwāti wa-Mudawwirihā … wa-baʿd faʾinna ’l-ustād̲h̲ … Naṣīr al-Millah … amlā muk̲h̲taṣar^an), in thirty bābs: Rieu Arab. Suppt. 763 (2) (foll. 15–63. Probably ah 1054/1644).

§ 92. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn Samarqandī, i.e. presumably S̲h̲. al-D. M. b. As̲h̲raf Ḥusainī Samarqandī (for whom see pl. ii § 12).

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Aʿmāl i taqwīm i kawākib i t̲h̲ābitah, doubtless an extract from an unspecified work, beginning with a table of fixed stars for the Alexandrine year g̲h̲ t̲h̲ ṣ ḥ [1598] corresponding to 645 of the Persian era [ah 675]: Leyden iii p. 157 no. 1196 (3) (foll. 40–4).

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Other extracts: Leyden iii p. 157 no. 1196 (4), p. 160 no. 1196 (19).

§ 93. In 676/1277 was completed: An unidentified work on astrology and chronology divided into maqālahs (the sixth of which is headed Dar mawālīd u istik̲h̲rāj i ān u ḥukm kardan bar ān), subdivided into qisms, which in their turn are divided into faṣls: Blochet ii 898 (fragments only, 231 foll. (comprising 89–91, 92–320⁴⁰ of the original foliation and some other leaves). ah 676/1277).

¶ § 94. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī-S̲h̲āh b. M. b. Qāsim al-K̲h̲uwārazmī al-Buk̲h̲ārī must have been born in, or about, 623/1226, since his age was thirty-six in 659/1261 (As̲h̲jār u at̲h̲mār, Bombay Univ. ms., fol. 154), when he returned to Buk̲h̲ārā from a journey to Turkistan (Samarqand, where his father had gone as a merchant, S̲h̲ās̲h̲, etc.). After the devastation of Buk̲h̲ārā by Abāqā’s army in 671/1273 (a calamity about which he wrote a qaṣīdah) he went on a visit to the tomb of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and fifteen years later he was still in al-ʿIrāq, suffering much distress and unable to carry out his desire to make a pilgrimage to the Ḥijāz. Apparently it was not until 690/1291 that he was able to leave Bag̲h̲dād. He refers in the As̲h̲jār u at̲h̲mār to his Zīj i ʿUmdah and his dīwān i as̲h̲ʿār (see Bombay Univ. Cat. p. 44), and says that his proficiency in poetry and music enabled him to consort with kings and other great men. [Autobiographical statements in the As̲h̲jār u at̲h̲mār (summarized with some quotations in the Bombay Univ. cat.) and in the Aḥkām al-aʿwām (summarized by Ivanow)].

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Aḥkām al-aʿwām (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-ʿAlīm al-Ḥakīm), a treatise on astrology composed probably in, or not long after, 690/1291 and divided into two maqālahs ((1) dar kaifīyat i aʿmāl i tasyīrāt, in four bābs, (2) dar aḥkām i ṭāliʿ i taḥwīl …, in eight bābs): Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 170, Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 255 (?) (begins Ḥ. u t̲h̲. Āfrīdgārī rā kih dawāʾir i nujūm. ah 1069/1658–9. Maḥbūb Yār Jang, Ḥaidarābād), Berlin 343 (collated in 1090/1679–80), Ross-Browne 141 (ah 1224/1809), Ivanow Curzon 644 (slightly defective at end. Early 19th cent.), Rehatsek p. 3 no. 3, Asʿad 1966, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2767, apparently also Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 81 (Risālah dar tasyīrāt i nujūmī, beg. al-Ḥ l. al-Ḥakīm. Not later than ah 1145/1732–3).

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As̲h̲j̲ār u at̲h̲mār (in some catalogues T̲h̲amarat al-s̲h̲ajarah, T̲h̲ama­rāt al-as̲h̲jār, T̲h̲amarah u s̲h̲ajarah, etc.) (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. Āfrīdgārī rā kih aflāk i dawāʾir u nujūm i sawāʾir), on astrology, composed fifteen years after Abāqā’s invasion of Buk̲h̲ārā in 671/1273 [and therefore in 686–7/1287–8] at the request of the Wazīr S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. b. Saif al-Dīn Aḥmad-S̲h̲āh b. Badr al-Dīn Mubārak-S̲h̲āh and divided into five s̲h̲ajarahs ((1) dar ṣifāt u mansūbāt i burūj u kawākib, in seven s̲h̲uʿbahs subdivided into t̲h̲amarahs, (2) dar aḥkām i qirānāt u ittiṣālāt, in twelve s̲h̲uʿbahs, (3) dar aḥkām i ṭāliʿ i taḥwīl i sāl u fuṣūl … in six s̲h̲uʿbahs, (4) dar aḥkām i ṭāliʿhā-yi maulūd, in seventeen s̲h̲uʿbahs, (5) dar aḥkām i aʿmāl i tasyīrāt, in five s̲h̲uʿbahs): Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 318, D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 12 no. 44 (T̲h̲amarāt al-as̲h̲jār. Old ms. (beg. Ba-nām-Īzad i K̲h̲udāwand i Bak̲h̲s̲h̲āyandah i Mihrbān [spurious beginning?]) in the Tustarīyah at Najaf), Glasgow (ah 955/1548. See jras. 1906 p. 597 no. 7), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 4 (defective at end. Not later than ah 1067/1657), 3, Majlis 153 (ah 1124/1712), Lindesiana p. 122 no. 695 (circ. ad 1750), p. 115 no. 716a (ah 1190/1776), ʿAlīgaṛh p. 22 ¶ nos. 2 (ah 1165/1752), 18, p. 23 no. 23, Browne Coll. O. 8 (ah 1176/1762–3?), Ross-Browne 140 (acephalous. 92 foll. It is not clear how many of the s̲h̲ajarahs this ms. contains. ah 1224/1809), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1698 no. 17, Berlin 342, Bombay Univ. p. 42 no. 26 (162 foll.), Peshawar 1958, Rehatsek p. 15 no. 24, p. 16 no. 25 (“not a copy of the same work, though the arrangement of the subject is nearly identical”. Defective at end), Asʿad 1964, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2688, 2795 (2), Bāyazīd 2264, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2776, 2777.

Edition: T̲h̲amarah i s̲h̲ajarah i nujūm, Lucknow 1903° (lithographed from a ms. dated 880. 204 pp.).

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al-ʿUmdat al-Īl-K̲h̲ānīyah: see pl. ii p. 49.

§ 95. The author of the Hidāyat al-nujūm, whose name appears in both of the mss. recorded below as Nāṣir al-Dīn Ḥaidar b. M. S̲h̲īrāzī is probably the same person as the author of the Irs̲h̲ād, whose name is given variously as N. al-D. Ḥai. b. M. S̲h̲. (Āg̲h̲ā Buzurg’s ms. (D̲h̲arīʿah i pp. 508⁴, 509¹: cf. 509³)), N. al-D. Aḥmad b. M. S̲h̲. (Rieu, Majlis, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah), Sulṭān N. al-D. A. b. Ḥai. b. M. S̲h̲. (Fihristī’s ms.), A. b. Ḥai. S̲h̲. b. M. S̲h̲. (Mas̲h̲had cat., without the laqab) and A. b. Ḥ. S̲h̲. (Berlin 334, likewise without the laqab). Very possibly he is identical with the rammāl who wrote (1) Tuḥfat al-raml, or al-Tuḥfah fī ’l-raml (in four maqālahs by N. al-D. b. M. b. Ḥai. S̲h̲. according to Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 244; by K̲h̲wājah N. al-D.A. b. Ḥai. S̲h̲. according to Browne Suppt. 1504 (1), which is dated 965/1557–8), (2) Maḥmūd al-raml (Nāṣir b. M. S̲h̲. according to Arberry, M.N. b. M. S̲h̲. according to Edwards), (3) Nāṣir al-raml (ditto), (4) (Risālah dar raml) (in two maqālahs, composed for S. Ḥusain b. ʿAlī al-ʿAlawī by N., or N. al-D., b. M. b. Ḥai. S̲h̲., Ivanow Curzon 660, Mehren p. 12 no. 27 (4)), (5) Risālah i Nāṣirī (perhaps identical with the preceding, by N.M. b. Ḥai. S̲h̲., Āṣafīyah ii p. 1684 no. 136) and (6) Lubb i lubāb (by N. b. M. Ḥai. S̲h̲., Āṣafīyah ii p. 1686 no. 60).

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Hidāyat al-nujūm (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. K̲h̲udāy rā kih munazzah ast d̲h̲āt i U), on astrology in thirty babs, composed in 687/1288 after the completion of the author’s work Zīj i raṣad al-saiyār: Rieu ii 852b (ah 894/1489), Kapūrt’halah (ah 1160/1747. See ocm. iii/4 (Aug. 1927) p. 4).

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Irs̲h̲ād, sometimes called Panjāh bāb⁴¹ (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-ḥadd u ʿadd Āfrīdgārī rā jalla jalāluhu kih Mubdiʿ i zamīn u zamān-ast), on the astrolabe in fifty short bābs composed probably at Iṣfahān (mentioned repeatedly in the examples) in 697/1297–8 (a date for which the position of some stars is indicated): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 507 no. 2502 (where an old ms. in the author’s possession is mentioned), Sipahsālār (ah 772/ 1370–1. See ¶ D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 508²), Majlis 149 (ah 773/1371–2), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 8 (not later than 1067/1657. Another ms., belonging to Fihristī’s bequest, is mentioned in D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 507 ult.), Rieu ii 455b (18th cent.), Najaf Ḥusainīyah (see D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 507 antepenult), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2894, Rehatsek p. 18 no. 31 (?)

Abridgment in ten bābs (beg. Sp. i bī-q. Parwardgārī rā sazā ast kih Mubdiʿ i zamīn): Berlin 334 (modern).

§ 96. Presumably in the reign of G̲h̲āzān K̲h̲ān (ah 694–703/ 1295–1304) was composed:

Risālat al-G̲h̲āzānīyah fī ālāt al-raṣadīyah: Āṣafīyah i p. 812 no. 153.

§ 97. Quṭb al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. Masʿūd S̲h̲īrāzī, the greatest of Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s pupils, died at Tabrīz in 710/1311 (see pl. ii p. 1; Brockelmann ii p. 211, Sptbd. ii p. 296; Ency. Isl. under Ḳuṭb al-Dīn (Wiedemann); etc.).

Ik̲h̲tiyārāt i Muẓaffarī (beg. Sp. u st. i bī-q. u madḥ u ḥ. i bī-ḥadd u ʿadd lāʾiq i ḥaḍrat i ʿizzat i Ṣāniʿī bās̲h̲ad), an abridgment of the author’s Arabic Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk, dedicated to the Amīr Muẓaffar al-Dīn Yūluq Arslān b. Alp-Yūruk [the C̲h̲ōpānid ruler of Qasṭamūnī, who died in 704/ 1304–5: see Zambaur Manuel de généalogie …, p. 148] and divided into four maqālahs ((1) on the muqaddamāt, (2) dar haiʾat i ajrām i ʿulwī …, (3) dar haiʾat i zamīn …, (4) dar maʿrifat i maqādīr i abʿād u ajrām i kawākib …) and a k̲h̲ātimah: Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 199, Fātiḥ 5302 (1) (163 foll. ah 716/1316. Krause p. 508), Leningrad Institut (ah 830/1427. See Rosen no. 124 pp. 300–17, where the work is described at some length), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2574 (252 foll. ah 885/1480. Krause p. 508), 2575 (ah 912/1506–7. Krause ibid.), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2773 (Krause ibid.), Sarāy 3310, 3311 (Krause ibid.).

§ 98. M. b. Abī ʿAbd Allāh Sanjar al-Kamālī, known as Saif [al-Dīn] i munajjim i Bāyazdiwī [so Blochet: read perhaps Bāyindirī],⁴² composed his zīj after living for some time at S̲h̲īrāz.

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Zīj i As̲h̲rafī (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. Pāds̲h̲āhī rā kih wujūd i har maujūd az faiḍ i jūd i Ūst), composed in 702/1302–3 and divided into a muqaddamah and eight maqālahs: Blochet ii 784 (1) (16th cent.).

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S̲h̲arḥ i Mujmal al-uṣūl, a Persian commentary composed in 703/1303–4 on the Arabic M. al-u. of Kūs̲h̲yār (for whom see pl. ii § 77): Tashkent ¶ Acad. i 506 (19 foll. ah 881/1484), probably also Rehatsek p. 21 no. 35 (Risālah dar nujūm, composed in 703 by M. b. Abū ʿAbd Allāh).

§ 99. S̲h̲ams [al-Dīn] M. b. ʿAlī K̲h̲wājah (Ymlī K̲h̲wājah according to Ḥ. K̲h̲.) al-Wābkanawī.⁴³

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K. i maʿrifat i usṭurlāb i s̲h̲amālī (beg. Ḥ. i bī-g̲h̲āyat u t̲h̲. i bī-nihāyat … a. b. g̲h̲araḍ az tasbīb i īn kalimāt), in two parts containing two and thirty-two chapters respectively: Istānbūl Sarāy 3327 (4) (27 foll. ah 703/1303–4. Krause p. 519).

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al-Zīj al-muḥaqqaq al-Sulṭānī ʿalā uṣūl al-raṣad al-Īl-K̲h̲ānī or (Zīj i S̲h̲ams [al-Dīn] al-munajjim), or (S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī, so Rehatsek) (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. ḥaḍrat i D̲h̲ū ’l-Jalālī rā kih āsmān), in five maqālahs, dedicated to Abū Saʿīd Bahādur K̲h̲ān (ah 716–36/1316–35): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 566 (Z. i S̲h̲. al-D. M….), Majlis i 184 (lacks parts (most?) of first two maqālahs. Old), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2694 (190 foll. 9th/15th cent?. Krause p. 518), Rehatsek p. 29 no. 51.

§ 100. M. al-Ḥusainī,⁴⁴ called Saiyid i Munajjim, was alive in 803/1400–1 according to Ḥ. K̲h̲. He is doubtless identical with the Saiyid i Munajjim who wrote a commentary entitled Wasīlah on Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī’s treatise on the astrolabe (ms.: Leningrad Mus. Asiat. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (1859) p. 501. Cf. pl. ii p. 44 supra).

Laṭaʾif al-kalām⁴⁵ fī aḥkām al-aʿwām (beg. al.-Ḥ.l. R. al-‘ā. (so Mas̲h̲had, but Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 256 and Berlin 340 begin (with some variants) C̲h̲. g. muḥarrir i īn sawād aḍʿaf al-ʿibād M. al-Ḥusainī al-madʿū bi-Saiyid i Munajjim)), on astrology (without any division into chapters): Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 317, D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 293 antepenult. (Aḥkām al-aʿwām), Bodleian iii 2741 (ah 916/1511), Blochet iv 2407 (ah 988/ 1580), Brit. Mus. Or. 5587 (1) (17th cent. D.L. p. 38), Najaf Ḥusainīyah (ah 1212/1797–8. See D̲h̲arīʿah, loe. cit.), Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 256 (Ḥāfiẓ Aḥmad ʿAlī K̲h̲ān, Rāmpūr. ah 1290/ 1873), Asʿad 2000 (?), Bāyazīd 2279–80, Berlin 340, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 151. [p.s. Also Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 pp. 936–7.]

¶ § 101. ʿAlāʾ [al-Dīn] al-Kirmānī dedicated his Badāʾiʿ al-ʿamal fī ṣanāʾiʿ al-ḥiyal (ms.: Bodleian 1872) to Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Sulṭān Muḥammad K̲h̲ān [i.e. either Muḥammad i b. Bāyazīd, who reigned from 805/1402 to 824/1421, or Muḥammad ii b. Murād, who reigned from 855/1451 to 886/1481].

(Risālah dar ṣifat i kuraʾī jadīd) (beg…. wa-baʿd sākin i kūy i bī-nis̲h̲ānī ʿAlāʾ al-Kirmānī), on the construction and uses of an improved armillary sphere or astrolabe excogitated by the author primarily for the purpose of ascertaining the qiblah, dedicated, according to Blochet,⁴⁶ to Sulṭān Bāyazīd K̲h̲ān [i.e. either Bāyazīd i b. Murād, who reigned from 792/ 1389 to 805/1402, or Bayazīd ii b. M., who reigned from 886/ 1481 to 918/1512] and divided into seven faṣls: Blochet ii 793 (22 foll. Mecca, ah 999/1591, by Sulṭān ʿAlī al-Harawī), Leyden iii p. 153 no. 1589 (52 pp. Mecca, ah 999/1591).

§ 102. Of unknown authorship is:

Tuḥfat al-sulṭān fī asbāb al-ʿirfān (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ḥadd u muntahā u S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-andāzah u qiyās mar ḥaḍrat i Wājib al-Wujūdī rā), a short treatise on astronomy dedicated to Amīr-zādah Ibrāhīm Sulṭān,⁴⁷ S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲’s son [b. 796/1394, d. 838/1435], and divided into a muqaddamah, two bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bodleian 1514 (foll. 16b–36. ah 815/1412).

§ 103. Mūsā b. M. b. Maḥmūd, called Qāḍī-zādah i Rūmī, died probably about 835/1431–2 (see pl. ii § 16).

Dar bayān i istik̲h̲rāj i jaib i yak darajah (bar wajhī kih muṣannif ba-ān mulham s̲h̲udah ān-c̲h̲ih az S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj mafhūm s̲h̲udah), agreeing with the passages quoted by Mīrim C̲h̲elebī in his commentary on Ulug̲h̲ Bēg’s Zīj (cf. pl. ii § 104 (2)) as the work of his grandfathers ʿAlī Qūs̲h̲jī and Qāḍīzādah i Rūmī: Berlin p. 1057 no. 339* (foll. 74–81).

§ 104. Ulug̲h̲ Bēg b. S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ was born in 796/1394 and died in 853/1449 (see pl. i § 348; Brockelmann ii p. 212, Sptbd. ii p. 298; etc.).

(1)

Zīj i K̲h̲āqānī dar takmīl i Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī⁴⁸ (beg. Ḥ. u sp. i bī-q. ḥaḍrat i K̲h̲āliqī rā kih ba-yad i ibdāʿ u qudrat), the original edition completed in ¶ 816/1413–14⁴⁹ under Ulug̲h̲ Bēg’s supervision by G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Jams̲h̲īd b. Masʿūd b. M. al-Ṭabīb al-Kās̲h̲ī⁵⁰ and divided into six maqālahs ((1) dar maʿrifat i tawārīk̲h̲ i mas̲h̲hūr, in a muqaddamah and four bābs (unlike the remaining five maqālahs, each of which comprises a muqaddamah and two bābs), (2) dar maʿrifat i jaib u sahm u ẓill u mail u maṭāliʿ u d̲h̲ikr i ṭūl u ʿarḍ i buldān, (3) dar maʿrifat i mawāḍiʿ i kawākib dar ṭūl u ʿarḍ …, (4) dar maʿrifat i qisī i mas̲h̲hūrah, (5) dar maʿrifat i ṭāliʿ az maʿlūmāt i muk̲h̲talifah, (6) dar bāqī i aʿmāl i nujūmī kih ān tasyīrāt ast …): Ethé 2232 (ah 905/ 1499–1500), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2692 (162 foll. ah 816/1413–14, possibly autograph. Krause p. 510), probably also Āṣafīyah iii p. 338 no. 323 (Zīj i Ulug̲h̲ Bēg, by Jams̲h̲īd … ah 843/ 1439–40).

(2)

Zīj i Sulṭānī i Gūrkānī, the official title according to the Maṭlaʿ i saʿdain,⁵¹ or Zīj i jadīd i Sulṭānī, as it is called by the commentator ʿAbd al-ʿAlī Bīrjandī, or Zīj i jadīd i Gūrkānī, as it is called in the Rauḍat al-ṣafāʾ and the Ḥabīb al-siyar, or Zīj i Ulug̲h̲ Bēg, as it is called on the title-pages of some mss., no formal title being mentioned in the work itself, or Muʾāmarāt i Gūrkānī, as it is occasionally called (cf. Bānkīpūr xi 1043, where Bīrjandī’s commentary is called in the colophon Tas̲h̲rīḥ i Muʾāmarāt i Gūrkānī): (beg. Tabāraka ’llad̲h̲ī jaʿala fī ’l-samāʾi burūj^an … ch. g. U. B.…), astronomical tables composed, it seems, not earlier than 841/1437–8⁵² and the following years on the basis of the observations of Ulug̲h̲ Bēg and his collaborators, Qāḍīzādah i Rūmī,⁵³ G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Jams̲h̲īd⁵⁴ and ʿAlī Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī,⁵⁵ and divided, like the Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī, which they were written to correct, into four maqālahs with similar headings (see pl. ii p. 48): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 559, Bodleian 1515 (15th or 16th cent.), 1516 (15th or 16th cent.), 1517 (16th or 17th cent.), 1518, ii 2368, iii 2731, Berlin 337 (old), 338 (defective. Fairly old), Peshawar 1776 (note of ownership dated 972/1564–5), Ellis Coll. M. 416 (ah 978/1570), Tashkent Acad. i 511–13 (3 copies ascribed to the 16th cent.), Rieu ii 455b (16th cent.), 457a (16th cent.), 457b (ah 1081/1670), 457b (explanatory text without the tables. 17th cent.), Blochet ii 785 (16th cent.), 786 (defective. Late 16th cent.), 787–8 (both late 17th cent.), iv 2366 (extracts), Ethé 2233 (ah 1072/1662), ¶ 2234–6, Ross-Browne 17 (lacunae. 17th cent.), Leningrad Inst. (Rosen p. 317 no. 125. Defective. ah 1073/1662–3), Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques ii (1852–6) p. 54), Pub. Lib. (Chanykov 118), Univ. no. 175* (Salemann-Rosen p. 16), Būhār 227 (17th cent.), Calcutta Madrasah 166 (circ. ad 1700), 167 (Maqālahs i–iii. Circ. ad 1700), Ivanow 1485 (defective at end. 18th cent.), Lindesiana p. 230 no. 709 (circ. ad 1750), Bānkīpūr xi 1041 (18th cent.), Browne Suppt. 740 (King’s 214), 738 (n.d.), 739 (defective at end. Corpus 210), Rehatsek p. 25 no. 45 (ah 1201/1786–7), p. 28 no. 50 (tables only), p. 30 no. 53 (Muʾāmarah i Zīj i Ulug̲h̲-Bēgī), p. 24 no. 42, p. 39 no. 73 (Muʾāmar [sic] i Ulug̲h̲-Bēg), Āṣafīyah i p. 814 nos. 53 (ah 1261/1845), 303, 307, ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 24 no. 2, perhaps also p. 22 no. 17 (Risālah i Ulug̲h̲-Bēgī), Cairo p. 512 (two mss., one of which, however, begins S̲h̲arīftarīn kalāmī-kih az ufuq i ʿibārāt ṭāliʿ gardad), Edinburgh New Coll. p. 11, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 103), Majlis 182, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 107, and many others at Istānbūl.

Extracts: (1) [The explanatory matter prefixed to the tables in each of the four maqālahs] Prolégomènes des Tables Astronomiques d’Oloug-Beg publiés avec notes et variantes, et précédés d’une introduction; par M.L.P.E.A. Sédillot. (Zīj i Ulug̲h̲ Bēg b. S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ …), Paris 1847°* (pp. clv, 162). (2) [The same explanatory matter as edited by Sédillot] Chrestomathie persane … à l’usage des élèves de l’ École Royale et Spéciale des Langues Orientales Vivantes, tome I (Paris 1847°*) pp. clv, 285–450. (3) [Maqālah i] Epochae celebriores, astronomis, historicis, chronologie Chataiorum, Syro-Graecorum, Arabum, Persarum, Chorasmiorum, usitatae; ex traditione Ulug Beigi … Eas primus publicavit, recensuit, et commentariis illustravit J. Gravius,⁵⁶ London 1650°* (103 pp.). (4) [The tables showing the latitudes and longitudes of towns from the end of Maqālah II] Binae tabulae geographicae una Nassir Eddini Persae altera Ulug Beigi Tatari opera et studio J. Gravii⁵⁷ … publicatae, London 1652°, reprinted in Vol. iii of John Hudson’s Geographiae veteris scriptores Graeci minores, Oxford 1698–1712°, and in Chorasmiae et Mawaralnahrae … descriptio Abulfedae, Oxford 1711°, as well as in the Greek translation of the last work (Vienna 1807°: see Edwards col. 301). (5) [Tables of the latitude and longitude of the fixed stars from Maqālah III] Insigniorum aliquot stellarum longitudines, et latitudines ex astronomicis observationibus Ulug Beigi, nunc primum a J. Gravio publicatae (appended to John Bainbridge’s Canicularia, Oxford 1648°); Jadāwil i mawāḍiʿ i t̲h̲awābit dar ṭūl u ʿarḍ ¶ [these words in the Arabic character] … sive Tabulae long. ac lat. stellarum fixarum ex observatione Ulugh Beighi [Maqālah III, bāb 13] … jam primum luce ac Latio donavit, & commentariis illustravit, Thomas Hyde … In calce libri accesserunt Mohammedis Tizini Tabulae Declinationum & Rectarum Ascensionum. Additur demum elenchus nominum stellarum. Oxford 1665°* (2 pts. Pp. [xxxii], 151; 88, [8]); reprinted in Syntagma dissertationum quas olim auctor doctissimus Thomas Hyde separatim edidit. Accesserunt nonnulla ejusdem opuscula hactenus inedita … Omnia diligenter recognita a G. Sharpe, Vol. i Oxford 1767°; Ulugh Beg’s Catalogue of stars. Revised from all Persian manuscripts existing in Great Britain, with a vocabulary of Persian and Arabic words, by E. Ball Knobel, Washington 1917°* (Carnegie Institution).

Translated extracts: (1) [The explanatory matter edited by Sédillot—(French)] Prolégomènes des Tables astronomiques d’Oloug-Beg publiés … par M.L.P.E.A. Sédillot (Pt. ii, Traduction et commentaire), Paris 1853°* (pp. xxxviii, 292). (2) [Maqālah I (Latin)]. See Extracts (3) above. (3) [The tables showing the latitudes and longitudes of towns from the end of Maqālah II (Latin)] see Extracts (4) above. (4) [The tables showing the latitude and longitude of the fixed stars from Maqālah III (Latin)] see Extracts (5) above.

Persian commentaries: (a) (S̲h̲arḥ i ʿAlī i Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī)⁵⁸ (beg. (without preface?) S̲h̲arḥ: Duwāzdah daur i māh sī-ṣad u panjāh u c̲h̲ahār rūz-ast u kasrī), by ʿAlī Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī (for whom see pl. ii § 20): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 560⁷, Bodleian 1519 (?) (ah 893/1488), Rieu Suppt. 156(?) (15th cent.), Ḥamīdīyah 850, possibly also Rehatsek p. 28 no. 49 (called S̲h̲arḥ i ʿAlī i Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī in the heading, but ascribed to ʿAbd al-ʿAlī Bīrjandī in the description). (b) Tashīl al-Zīj, by ʿImād b. Jamāl Buk̲h̲ārī: see pl. ii § 111. (c) Dastūr al-ʿamal wa-taṣḥīḥ al-jadwal (beg. Tabāraka ʾllad̲h̲ī lahu mulku ’l-samāwāti wa-’l-arḍi), completed in 904/1499 by Mīrim C̲h̲elebī (for whom see pl. ii § 118) and dedicated to Sulṭān Bāyazīd K̲h̲ān b. M. K̲h̲ān: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 560⁵, Blochet ii 791 (transcribed in 932/1525 from an autograph), Cairo p. 511 (ah 1007/1598), Berlin 339 (ah 1141/1729), ʿĀs̲h̲ir p. 161 no. 188, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2697, Bāyazīd 2275–6, C̲h̲ōrlülü ʿAlī 342, Ḥamīdīyah 848–9. (d) S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i jadīd i sulṭānī (beg. Ajnās i ḥ. u sp. i muʿarrā az tawahhum i tanāhī), composed in 929/1523 by ʿAbd al-ʿAlī b. M. b. Ḥusain Bīrjandī (for whom see pl. ii § 121): ¶ Majlis 188 (ah 1007/1598–9), Rieu ii 457b (ah 1045/1635), Ross-Browne 18 (ah 1076/1665–6), Ethé 3000 (ah 1085/1674), 2237 (ah 1101/1689–90), 2238 (ah 1114/ 1702), 2239, Tashkent Acad. i 514–15, Ivanow 1488 (ah 1120/ 1708?), 1487 (early 18th cent.), Bodleian 1520 (ah 1136/1724), iii 2732, Browne Suppt. 741 (King’s 233), Bānkīpūr xi 1042–4 (three 19th-cent. mss., the last defective), Chanykov 119, Rehatsek p. 45 no. 92 (“This ms. has two dates appended at the end, i.e. 1021 and 969”), p. 28 no. 49 (?), p. 30 no. 54 (ah 1210/1795–6), p. 27 no. 48 (?), (e) (S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i amīr i kabīr Ulug̲h̲ Bēg)⁵⁹ (beg. St. u sp. i bī-andāzah u qiyās Pāds̲h̲āhī rā), a revised edition prepared in 961–8/1554–61 at S̲h̲īrāz by Maẓhar b. [?] M. i qāriʾ b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī:⁶⁰ Ivanow 1486 (early 17th cent.). (f) Ḥall u ʿaqd: see § 131 infra. (g) (S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i Ulug̲h̲ Bēg), a commentary composed in the reign of S̲h̲āh-Jahān (1037–69/1628–59): no mss. of the complete work? Extract on Hindu chronology: Rehatsek p. 26 no. 47 (3), Brelvi-Dhabhar p ii no. 2 (3) (presumably transcribed from the preceding ms.). (h) Unidentified commentary: Lindesiana p. 230 no. 723a (Ḥās̲h̲iyah i Zīj).

Arabic translations: (i) (Taʿrīb Zīj Ulug̲h̲ Bēk) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. al-ʿilma s̲h̲amsan), by Yaḥyā b. ʿAlī al-Rifāʿī: Nicoll p. 239 no. 273 (16th cent.), p. 289 no. 289 (2) (fragment only. 16th cent.), Vatican Levi della Vida p. 15 no. 269 (ah 1001/1592–3), de Slane 2534 (defective at end. 17th cent.), 2535 (ah 1097/1686), etc. (cf. Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 298, where, however, some unidentified translations are assumed to be Yaḥyā’s). (ii) Tad̲h̲kirat al-fahīm fī ʿamal al-taqwīm (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-aflāka wa-dawwarahā): Ḥ.K̲h̲. iii p. 561⁵, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 298³⁰. (iii) Zīj al-raṣad al-jadīd (beg. as in the original): Cairo Arabic cat. v p. 261. (iv) Tabṣirat al-munajjimīn li-ntifāʿ al-mu’minīn, a translation and commentary completed in 1303/1886 by S.M. b. Hās̲h̲im b. Muḥsin ʿAlawī S̲h̲armūṭī (d. circ. 1307/1889–90): Kāẓimīyah S. al-Ḥasan Ṣadr al-Dīn’s library (autograph. D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 324 no. 1184). (v) Unidentified translations: Cairo Arab. cat. v p. 315, Leyden iii p. 132 no. 1139 (tables only), Loth 741 (3).

Arabic abridgment: al-Durr al-naẓīm fī tashīl al-taqwīm (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Wāhib al-Minan), by an author whose name, absent apparently from the preface, is given on some title-pages, etc. (e.g. in Ahlwardt v 5757, Gotha Arab. Cat. iii 1377 (2), Uri p. 217 no. 998 (1), Nicoll-Pusey p. 288 ¶ no. 288 (2)) as Abu Hurairah ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Banafs̲h̲ā al-Jauharī al-Ṣāliḥī al-Dimas̲h̲qī (cf. Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 161), while Ḥ. K̲h̲. ascribes⁶¹ the work to Taqī al-Dīn [Abū Bakr] M. b. Maʿrūf (d. 993/1585: see Brockelmann ii p. 357, Sptbd. ii p. 484; S̲h̲ad̲h̲arāt al-d̲h̲ahab viii p. 429 [?]): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 197, D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 82 no. 301 (where Ḥ. K̲h̲.’s “T. al-D. M. al-maʿrūf bi-’l-rāṣid” is erroneously identified with Abū ’l-K̲h̲air T. al-D. M. al-Fārisī, for whom see pl. ii § 123), Leyden iii p. 132 no. 1140 (ah 948/1541–2), Ahlwardt v 5757 (circ. ah 1000/1591) and several others, for which see Brockelmann ii p. 213, Sptbd. ii p. 298.

§ 105. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Jams̲h̲īd b. Masʿūd b. Maḥmūd Kās̲h̲ānī was one of the astronomers appointed by Ulug̲h̲ Bēg to conduct observations at his new observatory outside Samarqand. In 830/1427 he completed his Arabic Miftāḥ al-ḥisāb, which he wrote for Ulug̲h̲ Bēg’s library. He died before the completion of the observations embodied in Ulug̲h̲ Bēg’s Zīj (see Ency. Isl. under Kās̲h̲ī (Suter); Brockelmann ii p. 212, Sptbd. ii p. 295).

(1)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar ʿilm i haiʾat (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-samāwāti wa-’l-araḍīn), composed by order of Sulṭān Jalāl … al-Dīn Amīr-zādah Iskandar Bahādur K̲h̲ān⁶² and divided into twenty bābs: Rieu ii 869b (breaks off in Bāb vi. Part of a beautiful ms. written in 813–14/1410–11 for Iskandar. The first page of this work is reproduced in the Oriental Series of the Palaeographical Society, no. 49).

(2)

Risālah dar sāk̲h̲t i usṭurlāb (beg. Āfrīn i Āfrīnandah i c̲h̲ark̲h̲ i barīn), in a muqaddamah and several (c̲h̲and) faṣls: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 84 (not later than 1067/1657).

(3)

Risālah dar s̲h̲arḥ i ālāt i raṣad, completed in D̲h̲ū ’l-Qaʿdah 818/January 1416 for Sulṭān Iskandar:⁶³ Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 397¹ (under ʿilm al-ālāt al-raṣadīyah), Leyden v p. 245 no. 2647 (3 pp.).

Edition: appended to W. Barthold’s Ulugbek i ego vremya, Petrograd 1918 (Zapiski … Akademii Nauk, Hist.-Philol. Sect., ser. viii, vol. 13, no. 5).

(4)

Zīj i K̲h̲āqānī: see pl. ii p. 55.

¶ § 106. Ḥusain b. al-Ḥusain [read al-Ḥasan?] al-K̲h̲wārazmī al-Kubrawī is presumably the author whose best-known work was al-Maqṣad al-aqṣā fī tarjamat al-Mustaqṣā and who died in, or about, 839/1435–6 (see pl. i § 219, Laṭāʾif-nāmah i Fak̲h̲rī pp. 17–18).

(1)

Nuzhat al-mullāk⁶⁴ fī haīʾat al-aflāk, composed for the S̲h̲āh-zādah Muʿizz al-Dīn Abū ’l-Manāqib ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Gūrkān⁶⁵ and divided into two maqālahs: Tashkent Acad. i 524 (breaks off in chapter 3 of Maqālah I. 27 foll. Early 19th cent.).

(2)

S̲h̲arḥ i Mulak̲h̲k̲h̲aṣ: see p. 42 supra.

§ 107. Nūr al-Dīn Abū ’l-Qāsim ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-Balk̲h̲ī lived perhaps in this period.

al-Madk̲h̲al fī ʿilm al-nujūm, in Arabic, on astrology in sixty bābs: see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 298, Krause p. 514.

Persian translation: Āyā Ṣōfyah 2702 (2) (foll. 48–102. Krause p. 514).

§ 108. Rukn [al-Dīn] b. S̲h̲araf al-Dīn al-Ḥusainī al-Āmulī.

(1)

Panjāh bāb i sulṭānī (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd ḥaḍrat i Wājib al-taʿẓīmī rā), on the astrolabe, composed at Harāt in 860/1456, dedicated to Abū ’l-Qāsim Bābur⁶⁶ and divided into two maqālahs, of which the first comprises thirty-eight bābs and the second twelve: Upsala 329 (ah 891/1486), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2044 (16th cent.), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 21 (presented by Nādir S̲h̲āh), Majlis 642 (8) (ah 1283/ 1866–7), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2667, Ellis Coll. M 318, possibly also Ross and Browne 14 (8) (defective at both ends. 17th cent.).

(2)

Zīj i Jāmiʿ i Saʿīdī, dar tanqīḥ i Zīj i Īl-K̲h̲ānī (beg. S̲h̲. u. sp. i bī-q. u h. i bī-ḥ. u ʿadd ḥaḍrat i Wājib al-Wujūdī rā), composed in 860/1456 and dedicated to Sulṭān Abū Saʿīd Gūrkān after the author’s return to Harāt from a visit to India and the completion of his Panjāh bāb i Sulṭānī: Majlis 183 (ah 889/1484). It is not clear whether this work has any connexion with the Zīj i jāmiʿ mentioned in the next article.

§ 109. Apparently unknown is the authorship⁶⁷ of:

¶ Zīj i jāmiʿ [so in the colophon] (beg…. maʿlūm c̲h̲ih mauḍūʿ i ān as̲h̲raf i maḥsūsāt ast), begun at Cairo in 852/ 1448, continued in 865/1460–1 after a long interruption and divided into a muqaddamah, two bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah (of which, however, the second bāb and the k̲h̲ātimah were lost in 866/ 1461–2 at the sack of Badr⁶⁸ where the author was living), being an abridgment (zīj i intik̲h̲ābī) of the “renowned” tables of Maḥmūd S̲h̲āh K̲h̲aljī:⁶⁹ Bodleian 1522 (acephalous. Only the muqaddamah (dar c̲h̲īz-hā kih lā budd ast az maʿrifat i ān dar aʿmāl i nujūmī, in thirty-six faṣls) and Bāb I (dar maʿrifat i tawārīk̲h̲ u istik̲h̲rāj i taqāwīm i kawākib dar ṭūl u ʿarḍ u tawābiʿ i ān, in twenty-two faṣls). 104 foll. ah 878/1473–4. ms. Greaves 6). Possibly Browne Suppt. 655 (Risālah dar istik̲h̲rāj i taqwīm az Zīj i muntak̲h̲ab. Foll. 79–96. ah 1020/1611–12. King’s 203 (2)) may be an extract from this work.

Edition of the introductory portion⁷⁰ with Latin translation: Astronomica quaedam ex traditione Shah Cholgii Persae: una cum hypothesibus planetarum studio et opera J. Gravii nunc primum publicata. London 1650° (97 pp.).

§ 110. Mīr Ghiyāth al-Dīn ʿAlī b. Ḥusain b. ʿAlī Amīrān Ḥusainī Iṣfahānī (cf. pl. ii § 22).

(1)

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-tanjīm wa-burhān al-taqwīm (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd K̲h̲udāy-rā sazā-st kih ḥarakāt), composed in 869/1464–5 in Badak̲h̲s̲h̲ān⁷¹ ¶ and divided into twelve bābs: Najaf Ḥusainīyah Lib. (D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 222 no. 1070).

(2)

Maʿārif al-taqwīm (beg. Ḥamdī bar ṭibq i adwār i aflāk), on almanacs, in a muqaddamah and nine aṣls: Bodleian 1542 (3) (ah 937/1531).

§ 111. ʿImād [al-Dīn] b. Jamāl [al-Dīn] Buk̲h̲ārī.

Tashīl al-Zīj (beg. al-Ḥ. l … a. b. c̲h̲. g. aḍʿaf ʿibād Allāh … al-mutawakkil ʿalā ’l-Malik al-Bārī), calculations and tables relating to the movements of the moon, based on Ulug̲h̲ Bēg’s tables (see pl. ii p. 55) and dedicated to Sulṭān Abū Saʿīd Gūrkān [b. M. b. Mīrān-S̲h̲āh b. Tīmūr, Sulṭān at Buk̲h̲ārā ah 854/1450, at Harāt 863–73/1459–69; see Ency. Isl. under Abū Saʿīd]: Bodleian 1521 (foll. 375–435, four pages of text, the rest tables. 15th cent.), Rehatsek p. 12 no. 17 (Tashīl i qamar, much damaged), possibly also Ivanow Curzon 573 (beg., without preface, Ṭarīqah i istik̲h̲rāj i taʿdīl i muʿaddil i qamar. Early 16th cent.).

§ 112. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī b. M. al-Qūs̲h̲jī [== Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī̲] died at Istānbūl in 879/1474–5 (see pl. ii § 20; Brockelmann ii p. 235, Sptbd. ii p. 329 and the authorities there mentioned as well as al-Fawāʾid al-bahīyah pp. 87 n. 3, 214 n.1.; Rieu ii pp. 456b–457a; Blochet ii pp. 65–6; Oriens i/2 (1948) p. 360, where references are given to Osmanli Türklerinde Ilim, by Abdülhak Adnan-Adıvar, 2nd ed., Istānbūl 1943, pp. 32–4 and the same author’s article Ali Kuşçu in Islâm Ansiklopedisi).

(1)

(Risālah der haiʾat), or “Fārsī haiʾat” (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. ḥ. al-s̲h̲ākirīn … a. b. īn kitāb mus̲h̲tamil-ast bar yak muqaddamah …), a short manual written in the reign of Sulṭān M. b. Murād (ah 855–86/1451–81), whose name occurs in the preface in some of the mss., and divided into a muqaddamah (in two qisms), two maqālahs (in six and eleven bābs respectively), and a k̲h̲ātimah: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 458, Blochet iv 2144 (ad 1525), 2364 (ah 984/1576), ii 789 (beautiful ms. transcribed for Sulṭān M. b. Murād [iii]. Late 16th cent.), Bodleian 1538 (no k̲h̲ātimah. ah 957/1550–1), 1535 (ah 1012/1603–4), 1534, 1536–7, Lindesiana p. 121 nos. 609 (ah 975/1567–8), 725 (circ. ad 1800), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, nos. 17 (ah 975/1567–8), 136–41, Rieu ii 458a (16th cent.), 458b (ah 1054/1644), 458b (19th cent.), 811b, 853b, 858a, Cambridge 2nd Suppt. 91 (16th cent.), Browne Suppt. 687 (King’s 206), possibly also 1488 (ah 1052/ 1642–3), Vatican Pers. 19 (2) (16th cent., Rossi p. 45), Aumer 346 (1) (acephalous, ah 1013/1604–5), Āṣafīyah i p. 814 nos. 174 (ah 1023/1614), 150, p. 812 no. 142, Rehatsek p. 34 no. 63 (ah 1034/1625), Krafft p. 139 no. 346 (ah 1053/1643), Mehren p. 9 nos. 17 (1), 18 (2) (about first half of work), Ethé 2240 (ah 1174/1761), 2241, 2952, ii 3072, Ivanow 1489, Curzon 571, 1st Suppt. 897, Madrās i 505, ii 638, ¶ ʿAligaṛḥ Subḥ. mss. p. 22 nos. 4, 15, Berlin 331, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm. x/3 p. 102), Bombay Univ. p. 257 no. 178, apparently also Chanykov 158 (c), and others in Istānbūl (see Horn Pers. Hss. p. 324 no. 499).

Editions: Delhi 1291/1874* (Qūs̲h̲jī. 36 pp. Mujtabāʾī Pr.); 1898 (Mujtabāʾī Pr. See Bombay Univ. cat. p. 258); place? 1295/1878 (Risālah i haiʾat. Āṣafīyah ii p. 814); place? 1303/ 1885–6 (Qūs̲h̲jīyah. Āṣafīyah iii p. 338).

Turkish translations: (i) K̲h̲ulāṣat al-haiʾah, written in 956/ 1549 by Sīdī ʿAlī “Kātib i Rūmī” (for whom see Ency. Isl. under ʿAlī b. Ḥusain (Süssheim)): Rieu Turk. Cat. p. 120, Bodleian ii 2212, Vatican Pers. 19 (3); etc. (ii) Mirqāt al-samāʾ, by Mullā Parwīz, who died in 987/1579–80: Berlin Turk. Cat. p. 24; etc.

Commentaries: (a) (S̲h̲arḥ i Risālah i Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī dar haiʾat) (beg. K̲h̲ūbtarīn haiʾatī kih), by Hibat Allāh [b. ʿAṭāʾ Allāh] al-Ḥasanī al-Ḥusainī known as (al-s̲h̲ahīr bah) S̲h̲āh Mīr [who composed in 882/1477–8, revised in 898/1492–3 and dedicated to ʿAlāʾ al-Mulk (presumably the ruler of Lār) his Ādāb i salṭanat (ms.: Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, mss., no. 15)]: Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 133, Berlin 332 (1), Rehatsek p. 34 no. 62 (?) (ah 1126/1714). (b) (S̲h̲arḥ i Risālah i Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī dar haiʾat) (beg. Humāyūn nāmaʾī kih muzaiyan), dedicated to Humāyūn (ah 937–63/1530–56) by Muṣliḥ al-Dīn M. al-Lārī al-Anṣārī (for whom see pl. i pp. §§ 133, 215): Flügel ii 1423 (ah 1061/1651), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 121 (ah 1061/1651), Dorn 315 (1) (ah 1069/1658–9), 316, Blochet iv 2367 (ah 1090/1679), Princeton 74 (17th cent.), Chanykov 129 (a) (ah 1184/1770), Bānkīpūr xi 1051 (18th cent.), 1052, Suppt. ii 2045, ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 22 no. 16, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 104), and others in Istānbūl (see Horn Pers. Hss. p. 324 no. 499). (c) mss. insufficiently described for identification: Āṣafīyah i p. 816 nos. 148, 210.

(2)

Sullam al-samāʾ: see pl. ii p. 58n.

§ 113. Ik̲h̲tiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad, the author of the Aḥkām al-nujūm, is doubtless the same person as M. b. M. al-mulaqqab bi-Ik̲h̲tiyār, the author of the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-nujūm. If the Trinity ms. of the former work is correctly described as an autograph, he was alive in 889/1484.

(1)

Aḥkām al-nujūm (beg. al.-Ḥ. li-Fāṭir al-k̲h̲alāʾiq … Ai awwal i har suk̲h̲an ba-nāmat … S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-q. ḥaḍrat i Āfrīdgārī rā), on astrology: Browne Suppt. 15 (75 foll. ah 889/1484, autograph. Trinity R.13.9. Palmer p. 21).

(2)

Ittiṣālāt al-kawākīb wa-qirānātuhā (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. Āfrīdgārī-rā kih aflāk i dawāʾir): Kāẓimīyah S̲h̲. ʿAbd Allāh al-Kutubī (ah 1023/1614. See D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 82 no. 391, vii p. 67²).

(3)

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-nujūm: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 56, probably also Blochet iv 2152 (2) (“un précis d’astrologie judiciaire”, by M. b. M. surnamed Ik̲h̲tiyār. ah 1039/1629?).

¶ § 114. ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Ḥasan Rūyānī.

(1)

(Muk̲h̲t̲aṣar dar maʿrifat i taqwīm) (beg. al-Ḥ. al-ʿAlī al-Walī), in a muqaddamah, two bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bodleian 1542 (1) (13 foll. ah 937/1531), Gotha 2(6) (ah 972/ 1565), Āyā Ṣōfyah 4878 (4), Chanykov 138 (e).

(2)

Risālat al-kurah: Āyā Ṣōfyah 4878 (3).

(3)

al-Tuḥfat al-Niẓāmīyah, or C̲h̲ihil faṣl (beg. Ḥ. i bī-h. u S̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar K̲h̲āliq i Aḥad rā), fī maʿrifat al-taqwīm, dedicated to Sulṭān Yaḥyā Kiyā [of Gīlān presumably: cf. Zambaur Manuel de généalogie … p. 193], and divided into forty faṣls, of which the first thirty are a commentary on the Sī faṣl [of Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī: cf. pl. ii § 91 no. (10)]: Najaf M. ʿAlī Urdūbādī’s library (ah 1216/1801–2. See D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 478 no. 1766), Qum S. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Tabrīzī’s library (D̲h̲arīʿah, ibid.).

(4)

Zīj i mulak̲h̲k̲h̲aṣ i Mīrzāʾī (beg. Sp. u st. mar Ṣāniʿī rā kih aiwān), composed in 891/1486 (in 857 Yazdagirdī according to the Majlis catalogue),⁷² dedicated to Sulṭān Mīrzā ʿAlī [of Gīlān, ah 883–910/1478–1505] and divided into four maqālahs: Majlis 185 (154 foll. ah 983/1575–6), Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 pp. 895–7 no. 1108 (ah 1037/1627), Blochet ii 790 (late 16th cent.).

§ 115. al-S̲h̲arīf al-Ḥusain b. M. b. Yaḥyā al-Zaidī al-Ḥusainī.

Dastūr i munajjimīn (beg. Zawāhir i jawāhir i ḥ. u sp.), fī maʿrifat istik̲h̲rāj taqāwīm al-kawākib al-sabʿah, completed in 891/1486, dedicated to the Qāḍī Ṣafī al-Dīn ʿĪsā and divided into a muqaddaṃah (four bābs), a maqālah (fifteen bābs) and a k̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲arī ʿah viii p. 168 no. 687 (ms. in Malik Lib., Tihrān).

§ 116. Ḥusain b. ʿAlī al-Baihaqī known as (al-mas̲h̲hūr bi-) al-Kās̲h̲ifī died in 910/1504–5 (see pl. i §§ 20, 268, etc.).

Lawāʾiḥ al-qamar (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. bi-yadi ḥikmatihi azimmatu ’l-ik̲h̲tiyār), an astrological treatise in a muqaddamah, two maqālahs and a k̲h̲ātimah on the choice of auspicious hours, days and months in accordance with the positions of the moon, dedicated to a wazīr (unnamed, it seems, in most mss., but specified in Bodleian 1554 as Majd al-Dīn M. K̲h̲wāfī⁷³) and forming the final volume of a series (evidently that called by “Ilāhī” (Sprenger p. 74) the Sabʿah i Kās̲h̲ifīyah), which deals with the seven planets and of which the previous volumes (not yet recorded in published catalogues?) are named in the preface ((1) Mawāhib i Zuḥal, (2) Mayāmin al-Mus̲h̲tarī, (3) Sawāṭiʿ al-Mirrīk̲h̲, (4) Lawāmiʿ al-S̲h̲ams, etc.): Blochet ii ¶ 903 (ah 1002/1593), Browne Hand-list 1384 (ah 1014/1605–6), Rehatsek p. 37 no. 68 (ah 1021/1612), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 148 (ah 1021/1612), 149 (ah 1236/1820–1), Ross-Browne 15 (early 17th cent. mainly. List of faṣls in the k̲h̲ātimah), Majlis 204 (ah 1073/1662–3), 203 (ah 1195/1781), Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 p. 824 no. 1035, Bodleian 1553 (defective), 1554 (defective), 1555 (damaged), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1704, nos. 47, 10, 89, 67, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2798.

Annotations: Brelvi-Dhabhar p. ix no. 8 (“Risālah i intik̲h̲āb az Lawāʾiḥ i qamar u ḥās̲h̲iyah i Lawāʾīḥ i qamar”).

Abridgment: see above under Annotations.

§ 117. To Sulṭān Bāyazīd ii (ah 886–918/1481–1512) was dedicated:

Risālah fī ’l-ʿamal bi-ashal ālah min qibal al-nujūm (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. u st. i bī-q…. wa-baʿd pūs̲h̲īdah na-mānad kih s̲h̲arīftarīn nauʿī), on an astronomical instrument similar to one designed by G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Jams̲h̲īd, who called it ṭabaq al-manāṭiq: Princeton 75 (37 foll. Early 16th cent.).

§ 118. Maḥmūd b. M. b. Qāḍī-zādah i Rūmī known as (al-mus̲h̲tahir bi-) Mīrim C̲h̲elebī, who was the grandson both of Qāḍī-zādah (for whom see pl. ii §§ 16, 103) and, on his mother’s side, of ʿAlī Qūs̲h̲c̲h̲ī (see pl. ii §§ 20, 112) and who died at Adrianople in 931/1525 (al-S̲h̲aqāʾiq al-Nuʿmānīyah i p. 368, Rescher’s trans. p. 214), has already been mentioned as the author of a commentary on the Zīj i Ulug̲h̲ Bēg (pl. ii p. 70). [Brockelmann ii p. 447, Sptbd. ii p. 665.]

(1)

Risālah dar rubʿ al-muqanṭarāt (beg. Ḥamdī kih ḥaiṭah i auhām), dedicated to Sulṭān Bāyazīd K̲h̲ān ii (ah 886–918/1481–1512) and divided into twenty bābs: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 402 (under R. fi ’l-rubʿ al-mujaiyab), Blochet ii 792 (late 16th cent.).

(2)

Risālah dar rubʿ i mujaiyab (beg. (in the Mas̲h̲had mss.¹) al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. al-ʿilma s̲h̲ams^an): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 402¹⁰, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 100 (?)¹ (ah 1005/1596–7), 101 (?)⁷⁴ (not later than ah 1067/1657), Rehatsek p. 18 no. 32.

(3)

Risālah i rubʿ i Jāmiʿ: Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2926.

§ 119. At Samarqand in Jumādā i 923/May–June 1517 was completed:—

Risālah dar ʿilm i nujūm ((beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. ḥukmuhu ’l-mubramu aṣwabu ’l-aḥkām), a treatise on astrology in five bābs with a detailed horoscope ¶ of S̲h̲. Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad: Ivanow Curzon 574 (lacunae. 77 foll. Samarqand, ah 923/ 1517, transcribed apparently from the author’s draft).

§ 120. Muḥyī ’l-Dīn b. Badr al-Dīn al-Anārī⁷⁵ transcribed in 915/1509 the earlier Mis̲h̲kāt ms. of the Laṭā’ if al-kalām (cat. iii/2 pp. 936–7 no. 1141).

Jāmiʿ al-qirānāt, or, as Ḥanīf-zādah calls it, Aḥkām al-qirānāt, (beg. K̲h̲ūbtarīn kalāmī kih c̲h̲ūn āftāb i ʿālam-tāb), composed in the reign of Abū ’l-Muẓaffar S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl Ṣafawī [ah 907–30/1502–24]: Ḥanīf-zādah Āt̲h̲ār i nau (Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 529), Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 pp. 872–3 no. 1079 (35 foll., defective. ah 1002/1594), Leyden iii p. 152 no. 1188 (not later than ad 1669).

§ 121. Niẓām al-Dīn ʿAbd al-ʿAlī b. M. b. Ḥusain Bīrjandī died in 934/1527–8 according to the Mas̲h̲had catalogue (iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 7 and 79), where the authority for this date is not mentioned. For his Arabic works see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 591 (cf. Haft iqlīm no. 830; pl. i p. 53 n.l.).

(1)

(Abʿād u ajrām)⁷⁶ or (Risālah dar abʿād u ajrām u ʿajāʾib i bilād), etc.⁷⁷ (beg. al-H. l. ’l. zaiyana ’l-samāʾa ’l-dunyā bi-zīnati ’l-kawākib), completed in 930/1524,⁷⁸ presumably at Harāt, dedicated to K̲h̲wājah Ḥabīb Allāh [Sāwajī: cf. pl. i § 124 no. (3)] and divided into a muqaddamah (on elementary geometrical conceptions), two maqālahs ((1) on the measurements of the earth’s surface and the definition and description of the Seven Climes, (2) the measurements of the heavens, the stars, etc.), and a k̲h̲ātimah (rules for calculating the times of prayer and the qiblah): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 71 no. 352, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 7 (ah 961/1554), 79 (defective), Ethé 717 (ah 1024/1615), i.o. 3776 (?), Browne Coll. K. 6 (3) = Houtum-Schindler 43 (3) (ah 1085/1674), Rieu ii 827b (17th cent.), i 417a (ah 1251/1835–6), 418a (ah 1256/1840), Majlis 621 (11), apparently also Bodleian 404 (ʿAjāʾib al-buldān, similarly divided and dedicated to K̲h̲wājah Ḥabīb Allāh, but beginning differently al-Ḥ. l. ’l. kāla ’l-māʾa bi-yadihi).

(2)

(Bīst bāb dar taqwīm), or (Muk̲h̲taṣar (or Risālah) dar maʿrifat i taqwīm) (beg. (in Bodl. 1539: cf. Ethé 2246) Bi-smi ’llāhi … wa-bi-taufīqika yā Karīm ¶ a. b. īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st dar maʿrifat i taqwīm i tāmm mus̲h̲tamil bar bīst bāb), a short tract on chronology and the computation of almanacs, in twenty bābs (for the subjects of which see Rehatsek p. 7 no. 9), completed in Jumādā i 883/August 1478: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 188 no. 671, Bodleian 1539 (ah 954/1547), 1540 (n.d.), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 18 (ah 971/1563–4), 20, Aumer 346 (5) (ah 1021/1612), Ivanow 1490 (ah 1068/1657–8), Ethé 2246 (ah 1106/1694), Browne Suppt. 1490 (1).

Editions: according to the Mas̲h̲had catalogue it has been printed repeatedly (mukarrar) with the commentary of Mullā Muẓaffar.

Commentary: S̲h̲arḥḥ i Bīst bāb [dar taqwīm] (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-raib u riyā Qadīrī rā sazā-st), dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās (ah 996–1038/1588–1629)⁷⁹ by Muẓaffar b. M. Qāsim Junābadī:⁸⁰ Rehatsek p. 7 no. 9 (ah 985/1577–8 [sic?]), Cairo p. 512 (ah 167 [= 1067/1657?]), Ethé 2247 (ah 1106/ 1694), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 116 (ah 1232/1817), 117 (ah 1235/1820), Browne Suppt. 1487 (ah 1241/1826), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 23 no. 21 (defective), Bodleian iii 2734 (fragment only), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Chanykov 120), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2791.

Editions: Ṭihrān 1271/1854–5 (S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb. See Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, ptd. bks., no. 11); and others (cf. pl. ii § 121 no. (2)).

Summary of the contents: Rehatsek, loc. cit.

(3)

Risālah i haiʾat (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. u ḥ. i bī-q. mar Ṣāniʿī rā kih naqqās̲h̲ i qudrat), a short astronomical and geographical work (by Bīrjandī according to Bodleian 1541, but without author’s name in Bkp. xi 1048), divided into a muqaddamah, and four maqālahs ((1) dar maʿrifat i mabdaʾ i sālhā i tawārīk̲h̲, (2) dar maʿrifat i haiʾat i aflāk u kawākib ba-ṭarīq i ijmāl, (3) [wrongly called (2) in both mss.], dar maʿrifat i zamīn u aqsām i ū ba-aqālīm, (4) [wrongly called (3)] dar taʿdād i bilād u wilāyāt u jibāl u biḥār u anhār): Bānkīpūr xi 1048 (53 foll. ah 1052/ 1642), Bodleian 1541 (n.d.), probably also Lahore Univ. (ah 1205/1790–1. ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 105). [p.s. See § 200 infra.]

(4)

S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb (dar usturlāb): see pl. ii 45.

(5)

S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i jadīd i sulṭānī: see pl. ii p. 58.

¶ § 122. Mīr G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Manṣūr b. Ṣadr al-Dīn M. Ḥusainī Das̲h̲takī S̲h̲īrāzī, who founded the Madrasah i Manṣūrīyah at S̲h̲īrāz and was for a time Ṣadr in the reign of S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp (ah 930–84/1524–76), died at S̲h̲īrāz in 948/1541–2 or 949/ 1542–3. A list of thirty-two works by him is given in the Majālis al-muʾminīn (pp. 351–2, towards the end of Majlis vii) and reproduced in the Bānkīpūr catalogue ix pp. 201–2. [Ḥasan Rūmlū p. 303, Seddon’s trans. p. 137; Haft iqlīm p. 259 (no. 204); Rauḍāt al-jannāt iv pp. 129–31; Rieu ii 826; Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 593; Hadīyat al-aḥbāb p. 226].

(1)

(Risālah dar haiʾat), in four bābs: Leyden iii p. 152 no. 1187 (13 foll.).

(2)

(Risālah dar ṣanʿat i tasṭīḥ i usṭurlāb) (beg. Ai Ḥakīmī kih as̲h̲iʿʿah i āftāb i wujūb i wujūd i Tū), in ten faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 90 (57 foll.).

§ 123. Abū ’l-K̲h̲air M. al-Taqī b. M. al-Fārisī, as he calls himself (apparently) in the Ḥall al-taqwīm (cf. D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 67 no. 357), the Ḥall i usṭurlāb (D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 35 no. 172: cf. Bkp. xvii 1651) and the Ṭāliʿ-nāmah (cf. R.-B. 270 (2)), seems in some of his works to have used shorter forms of his name, e.g. A. ’l-K̲h̲. M. b. M. al-F. (Bkp. xi 984), A. ’l-K̲h̲. M. F. (Aumer 346 (7)), and M. b. M. al-F. (D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 19 no. 8), while some authorities call him Taqī al-Dīn A. ’l-K̲h̲. M. b. M. al-Fārisī (cf. D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 9 no. 23, iii p. 189 no. 674, vii p. 67 no. 357 Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 486), but it is not at present clear from the catalogues, etc., that he himself gives his name in this last form. He was a pupil of G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Manṣūr S̲h̲īrazī (for whom see pl ii § 122). Among his works were Anīs al-aṭibbāʾ (Bānkīpūr xi 984, New Coll. Edinburgh p. 7, Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 486), Asāmī ’l-‘ulūm wa-’ṣṭilāḥātuhā (in Arabic: cf. D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 9), its abridgment Ṭalīʿat al-ʿulūm (cf. Ḥ. K̲h̲. iv p. 167, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 594, D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 10⁷), and al-Dāʾirat al-Hindīyah (so D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 19 no. 8) or Maʿrifat al-qiblah (so Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 156, also in Arabic). It is scarcely open to doubt that, as suggested in the D̲h̲arīʿah, ii p. 10², this author is the Abū ’l-K̲h̲air whom Ḥ. K̲h̲. quotes from time to time in his accounts of the various branches of literature (e.g. i pp. 178⁶, 179¹⁰).

(1)

(Āg̲h̲āz u anjām): see Ḥall i usṭurlāb below.

(2)

Bīst u c̲h̲ahār bāb, on the astrolabe: Najaf M. ʿAlī K̲h̲wānsārī’s library (see D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 189 no. 674).

(3)

Ḥall al-taqwīm (beg. Darak̲h̲s̲h̲andah-tar sitāraʾī kih az ufuq i maqāl), dedicated to G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Manṣūr and divided into an āg̲h̲āz and a number of fāʾidahs: Najaf Tustarīyah (ah 917/1511. See D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 67 no. 357), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 44 (13 foll. ah 971/1563–4), 45 (28 foll.).

Abridgment by the author himself: Muntak̲h̲ab (or Intik̲h̲āb) i Ḥall al-taqwīm (beg. Baʿd az ḥ. u t̲h̲. u ṣalāt u duʿā mak̲h̲fī nīst), in a ¶ muqaddamah, one maqālah (subdivided into lamʿahs) and a k̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 358, Ethé 2249 (ah 1106/1694), 2248, Aumer 346 (7) (defective at end), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 159.

(4)

(Ḥall i usṭurlāb,)⁸¹ or (Risālah i usṭurlāb), or, as it is called in the D̲h̲arīʿah, Āg̲h̲āz u anjām (beg. K̲h̲ūbtarīn ṣūratī kih az ḥujrah), in an āg̲h̲āz, several (according to the D̲h̲arīʿah twenty-three) saṭrs and an anjām: Bānkīpūr xvii 1651 (foll. 87–131. Probably ah 1051/1641–2), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 60 (not later than ah 1067/1657), Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 p. 831 no. 1044 (ah 1071/1661), Najaf ʿAlī M. Najafābādī’s lib. (ah 1122/1710), Rehatsek p. 34 no. 60 (3) (?).

(5)

Iḥkām al-aḥkām⁸² (beg. Wa-’l-istiʿān [sic] mina ’llāhi ’l-ʿAzīzi ’l-Ḥakīm wa-ʿindahu mafātiḥu ’l-g̲h̲aib), a catechism on astrology composed after the Ḥall i usṭurlāb (presumably no. (4) above), divided into lamʿahs and based on the Burhān al-kifāyah (cf. pl. ii § 86), with additions from Ptolemy, etc.: Ṭihrān S.M. Nāṣir Ṭihrānī (D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 292 no. 1524), Ross and Browne 139 (1) (12 pp. ah 1224/1809).

(6)

(Risālah i masāʾil)⁸³ (beg. G̲h̲aib guftan na-buwad dark̲h̲war i kas * ʿĀlim al-G̲h̲aib K̲h̲udā bās̲h̲ad u bas), a catechism: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 61 (presented by Ibn K̲h̲ātūn⁸⁴), Ross and Browne 270 (1) (18 foll. ah 1181/1767–8 (?)).

(7)

Ṭāliʿ-nāmah (beg. (R.-B. 270 (2)) Faqīr i ḥaqīr A. ’l-K̲h̲. M. al-T. al-F. dar-īn risālah kih mausūm ast ba-Ṭ.-n.): Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss. no. 157 (beg. F. i h. A. ’l-K̲h̲. M. al-T. F. Not later than ah 1067/1657), Ross-Browne 270 (2) (ah 1181/1767–8?), Rehatsek p. 33 no. 60 (?).

(8)

Taqrīr al-Taḥrīr, mentioned in D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 366 as a work of this author (ms. in the Rājah of Maḥmūdābād’s library), is probably the Taqrīb al-Taḥrīr of Abū ’l-K̲h̲air K̲h̲air Allāh “Muhandis” (for which see pl. ii p. 31 supra).

§ 124. Quṭb al-Dīn ibn [so D̲h̲arīʿah] Sulṭān-Muḥammad al-Qāʾī [?],⁸⁵ or, as in the Bānkīpūr catalogue, Q. al-D. S.-M. [not b. S.-M.] al-Qāḍī.

¶ (Bīst bāb dar maʿrifat i taqwīm), or (Risālah i taqwīm) (beg. al-H. l. ’l. k̲h̲. ’l-falaka ’l-dawwār), a short untitled tract on the computation of almanacs, the motions of the planets, their influence on human life, the globe, etc., composed in 964/ 1557 and divided into a muqaddamah and twenty bābs: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2302 (circ. ah 1066/1656), Najaf Ḥusainīyah (ʿAlī āl Kās̲h̲if al-G̲h̲iṭāʾ) and Tustarīyah (Najafābādī) (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 188 no. 672).

§ 125. Maẓhar al-Dīn M. al-qāriʾ b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī is the author of works composed in 962/1554–5 and at S̲h̲īrāz in 961–8/1554–61 (see pl. ii p. 59).

Risālah i ʿamal al-ṭāliʿ (doubtless in Persian): Kāẓimīyah S̲h̲. ʿAbd Allāh al-kutubī (ah 1023/1614. D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 67³).

§ 126. In 969/1561–2 was composed:

Tuḥfat al-munajjimīn min anīs al-munajjimīn (beg. Subḥānaka lā ʿilma lanā illā mā ʿallamta wa-alhamta lanā): Chanykov 129b.

§ 127. ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿĀmilī.

(Risālah dar ālāt i raṣadīyah) (beg. Rabbanā mā k̲h̲alaqta hād̲h̲ā bāṭil^an subḥānaka fa-qinā ʿad̲h̲āba ’l-nār⁸⁶), on the instruments used in the observatories of Alexandria, Marāg̲h̲ah, Samarqand and elsewhere, composed at Iṣfahān by order of the reigning S̲h̲āh [Ṭahmāsp, 930–84/1524–76] nearly three hundred years after the completion of Naṣīr al-Dīn’s tables [and therefore circ. ah 970/1562–3]: Rieu ii 458b (preface defective, ah 1112/1700–1).

§ 128. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Ṣāliḥ Muḥammad b. Nāṣir al-Dīn Ṣiddīqī Fak̲h̲rī dedicated the following three works to Ibrāhīm ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āh (ah 987–1035/1579–1626):

(1)

G̲h̲āyat al-taḥarrī (beg. Ḥ. mar ʿAlīmī rā kih dar karīmah i Hād̲h̲ā k̲h̲alqu ’llāhi), a short tract on the determination of the qiblah: Ivanow 1494 (1) (18th cent.?).

(2)

Minhāj al-taḥqīq, in Arabic, on the astrolabe: Ivanow 1494 (2).

(3)

(Risālah dar usṭurlāb) (beg. Dānā-yi zamānhānhā u makānhā hamah Ūst) see pl. ii p. 45.

¶ § 129. Jalāl al-Dīn M. b. ʿAbd Allāh Yazdī was “apparently” (ʿalā ’l-ẓāhir) an astronomer of the early eleventh/seventeenth century under the Ṣafawids. Doubtless he is the J. al-D. M. Yazdī already mentioned (pl. i, pp. 308).

Tuḥfat al-munajjimīn (beg. Ilāhī bi-ḥamdika abtadiʾu): D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 472, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 26 (ah 1056/ 1646).

§ 130. Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. b. Ḥusain al-ʿĀmilī died at Iṣfahān in 1031/1622 (see pl. ii § 24).

(1)

al-Ṣafīḥah, in some mss., but incorrectly, it seems, al-Ṣaḥīfah and al-Ṣafḥah, (beg. Irtafaʿat darajātu jabarūtika) an Arabic treatise on the astrolabe, short enough to be written on the plate (ṣafīḥah) of an astrolabe: i.ḥ. 2055 (al-Ṣaḥīfah), Brockelmann ii p. 415, Sptbd. ii p. 595, Majlis 206 (6), 642 (6), etc.

Persian commentary (with the text): Anīs al-aḥbāb fī bayān masāʾil [al-] usṭurlāb (beg. Jahān jahān muqanṭarāt i taḥmīd), composed in 1234/1818–19 by Abū ’l-Qāsim known as (al-mus̲h̲tahir bi-) G̲h̲ulām-Ḥusain b. Fatḥ-Muḥammad Karbalāʾī Jaunpūrī (cf. pl. ii p. 19): Bānkīpūr xi 1063 (ah 1246/1830).

(2)

Tas̲h̲rīḥ al-aflāk (beg. Rabbanā mā k̲h̲alaqta hād̲h̲ā Bāṭil^an87 …), an Arabic manual of astronomy, for which see Brockelmann ii p. 414 ult., Sptbd. ii p. 595.

Persian commentaries: (a) S̲h̲arḥ i Tas̲h̲rīḥ al-aflāk, by ʿIṣmat Allāh b. Aʿẓam b. ʿAbd al-Rasūl Sahāranpūrī,⁸⁸ probably identical with the commentary by this author which according to S. Sulaimān Nadwī (Proceedings of the Idara-i-Maarif-i-Islamia, first session … [cf. pl. ii p. 15¹⁶] p. 36) is entitled Bāb i Tas̲h̲rīḥ al-aflāk, was composed in 1086 and has been printed: Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1087/1676, probably autograph. See ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 104). (b) Tarjamah i Tas̲h̲rīḥ al-aflāk (beg., without preface, Rabbanā mā k̲h̲alaqta hād̲h̲ā bāṭil^an Iftitāḥ i ʿajīb ast), a translation and commentary of unknown authorship: Bānkīpūr xi 1053 (ah 1244/1829).

(3)

Tuḥfah i Ḥātimī, called also Haftād bāb, (beg. al-H. R. al-ʿĀ…. wa-baʿd c̲h̲ūn dar-īn waqt), a short work on the astrolabe dedicated to Mīrzā Ḥātim Bēg, S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i’s Wazīr [d. 1019/1610: see Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿālam-ārāy i ʿAbbāsī p. 585²³, Rieu i p. 185b]: i.ḥ. 478, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 425 no. 1540, Bodleian 1508 (title not mentioned in the catalogue. 22 foll. ah 1177/1763), iii 2827 (7), Maʿārif ii 335 (ah 1223/1808), Majlis 159 (39 foll. ah 1240/1824–5), ¶ Āṣafīyah i p. 808 no. 160, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2899, possibly also Rehatsek p. 32 no. 58 (2).

Edition: Tihrān 1316/1898–9 (appended to the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥisāb. See Saʿīd Nafīsī Aḥwāl … i S̲h̲. i Bahāʾī, p. 94).

§ 131. Quṭb al-Dīn [b.] ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥaiy⁸⁹ al-Zāhidī al-Kabīrī⁹⁰ [vocalisation?] al-Ḥusainī al-Lārī, the author of the Ḥall u ʿaqd, is doubtless the same person as the author of the Ḥall i masāʾil, whose name is given by Rehatsek as Q. al-D. b. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq al-Ḥusainī al-Lārī and in the Majlis catalogue as Q. al-D. ʿAbd al-Ḥaiy, or ʿAbd al-Ḥusain, Lārī. The former, a Muftī at Lār, had left his birthplace for a short time to perfect himself in astrology at S̲h̲īrāz. [p.s. Cf. Aḥmad Iqtidārī Lāristān i kuhan, Tihrān a.h.s. 1334/1955, p. 145.]

(1)

Ḥall u ʿaqd (beg. St. i dūr az ālāyis̲h̲ Ṣāniʿī rā), on the computation of almanacs and nativities, in elucidation, for beginners, of the directions of Mīrzā Ulug̲h̲ Bēg b. S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲, completed on Monday, 6 Rabīʿ al-Āk̲h̲ir, 1017 (sāl i hazār u hafdah)⁹¹ in the reign of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās and divided into a preface, two maqālahs ((1) on almanacs, in five bābs, (2) on nativities, in three bābs) and a k̲h̲ātimah (on the writing of horoscopes): Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 pp. 883–4 no. 1092 (94 foll. ah 1080/1669), Āṣafīyah i p. 810 no. 308 (ah 1200/1786), Rieu ii 459a (19th cent.).

(2)

Ḥall i mas āʾil (beg…. Bar arbāb i k̲h̲ubrat u aṣḥāb i baṣīrat pūs̲h̲īdah u mastūr na-mānād), on astrology, in twelve faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah:⁹² D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 74 no. 392, Rehatsek p. 44 nos. 89 (ah 1142/1729–30), 88 (n.d.), Blochet iv 2404 (ah 1222/1807), Majlis 172 (ah 1265/1849).

§ 132. Muẓaffar b. M. Qāsim Junābadī [Gunābādī] was attached to the court of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās [985–1038/1587–1629] and accompanied him on his journeys.

(1)

Ḥātimīyah, sometimes called Qiblat al-āfāq, (beg. Iftitāḥ i kalām), on the ascertainment of the meridian and the direction of the qiblah, in a muqaddamah and five bābs, dedicated to K̲h̲wājah Nāṣir al-Daulah wa-’l-Dīn Ḥātim Bēg [d. 1019/1610: cf. pl. ii p. 72]: D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 4 no. 8 (ms. in K̲h̲wānsārī’s lib. at Najaf), ii p. 21 no. 68), Bodleian iii 2736 (foll. 24–36. ah 1164/1751).

(2)

¶ Ik̲h̲tiyārāt al-nujūm, in fuṣūl: see D̲h̲arīʿah i, p. 369 no. 1927.

(3)

S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb [dar taqwīm]: see pl. ii p. 67.

(4)

S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb [dar usṭurlāb]: see pl. ii p. 44.

(5)

Tanbīhāt al-munajjimīn (beg. Sp. u st. (or St. u sp.) Mālik al-Mulkī rā kih ba-naẓar i s̲h̲afaqat), on astrology, undertaken in 1031/1622,⁹³ dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās and divided into a muqaddamah, six bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 452 no. 2017, Blochet iv 2402 (ah 1177/1764), 2403 (ah 1226/1811), Majlis 166 (ah 1217/1802–3), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1698 no. 88, Cairo p. 511, Rehatsek p. 8 no. 10, p. 9 no. 11, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2700, Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 2768.

§ 133. Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd b. Ibrāhīm Dihlawī, S̲h̲āh-Jahān’s Astronomer Royal, died on 2 Rabīʿ i 1039/20 October 1629. [Pāds̲h̲āh-nāmah i, pt. 1, pp. 97 ult., 286 antepenult.; ʿAmal i Ṣāliḥ i p. 361,1. 8 ab infra; Ṭabaqāt i S̲h̲āh-Jahānī, ṭabaqah x; Tārīk̲h̲ i Muḥammadī, ah 1039; Rieu ii 459–60, iii 1088a].

(1)

Horoscope of a son born in 1022/1613 to Abū ’l-Fatḥ Ibrāhīm ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āh G̲h̲āzī [of Bījāpūr]: Berlin 83 (4).

(2)

Sirāj al-istik̲h̲rāj (beg. Ḥamd Mubdiʿī rā sazad kih muhandis i qudrat), composed in 1006/1597–8 and divided into a muqaddamah, nine bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Ethé 2254 (7) (ah 1169/1755), Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 198 (ah 1259/1843), Bodleian 1556.

(3)

Zīj i S̲h̲āh-Jahānī, or Kār-nāmah i Ṣāḥib-qirān i T̲h̲ānī Zīj i S̲h̲āh-Jahānī (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. K̲h̲āliqī rā sazad kih muhandis i qudrat), astronomical tables completed in 1039⁹⁴ /1629, but calculated for 1041, based on those of Ulug̲h̲ Bēg and divided similarly into a muqaddamah and four maqālahs, but modified to accord with the new era, the Tārīk̲h̲ i Ilāhī i S̲h̲āh-Jahānī, adopted by S̲h̲āh-Jahān at Āṣaf K̲h̲ān’s suggestion: Ellis Coll. M 111 (fine ms. 487 foll. 17th cent.), Rieu ii 459b (lacks Faṣls 1–4 of Maqālah iv. 17th cent.), Bodleian iii 2735 (some lacunae. 17th cent.), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (extract only. ah 1279/1862–3), Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 302, Leningrad Univ. no. 97 (Salemann-Rosen p. 16).

§ 134. M. Fāḍil b. ʿAbd al-S̲h̲akūr.

Majmaʿ al-faḍāʾil (Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. mar K̲h̲udā u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd ān S̲h̲ifā-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ i Dānā rā), on astronomy and astrology, composed in 1046/1636–7, dedicated to S̲h̲āh-Jahān and divided into three bābs: Bodleian 1557 (214 foll. ah 1104/1693?).

¶ § 135. Qāsim ʿAlī Qāʾinī was a pupil of M. Ḥusain b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. Bāqir Yazdī. That he cannot have died earlier than 1067/1656–7 seems to be indicated by the fact that a ms. transcribed in that year (Tas̲h̲rīḥ dar pargār, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 39: cf. D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 188¹⁷) contains marginal notes in his handwriting. That he was born (at least about eighteen years) before 1000/1592 should follow from the date of Rehatsek p. 14 no. 21, but this date (as well perhaps as that of the Mas̲h̲had ms.) needs verification.

(1)

Jāmiʿ al-anwār min al-kawākib wa-’l-abṣār, descriptions of astronomical instruments with diagrams: Rehatsek p. 14 no. 21 (ah 1000/1592).

(2)

Rasāʾil i Qāsim ʿAlī Qāḍī [read Qāʾinī?] dar ʿilm i haiʾat: Leningrad Univ. no. 402 (Salemann-Rosen p. 15).

(3)

(Risālah dar usṭurlāb): Leningrad Pub. Lib. (see Mélanges asiatiques vi (St. Petersburg 1873) p. 96).

Possibly by this author is:

(4)

Tas̲h̲rīḥ al-aʿmāl (beg. S̲h̲. u sp.),⁹⁵ on “mathematics” according to Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad, on astronomy, mensuration and stereometry according to Rehatsek (if the latter is describing the same work): Madrās Qāḍī ʿUbaid Allāh’s library (ah 1091/1680. Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 247), probably also Rehatsek p. 3 no. 1 (T. al-a., author’s name not stated) and Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 39 (Tas̲h̲rīḥ dar pargār, beg. S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-q. K̲h̲āliqī rā kih pargār. Author’s name erased. Marginal notes by Q.ʿA.Q. (see D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 188). ah 1067/1656–7).

§ 136. Mīrzā Qāḍī b. Kās̲h̲if al-Dīn M. Yazdī, whose father was physician to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i [985–1038/1587–1629], was born at Iṣfahān and eventually became S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām there. He died at Ardabīl in 1075/1664–5. Among his works were (1) Jām i jahān-numā-yi ʿAbbāsī, on the uses of wine (Rieu ii 844a, etc.), (2) Risālah i c̲h̲ūb i C̲h̲īnī (Rieu ibid., etc.) and (3) Risālah fī ’l-auzān al-s̲h̲arʿīyah (i.ḥ. 1266).

[Qiṣaṣ al-K̲h̲āqānī, k̲h̲ātimah; Rieu ii 844a; D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 309 no. 1476.]

(1)

Tuḥfah i ʿAbbāsīyah, on some points of practical astronomy: Āṣafīyah i p. 808 no. 140, Rehatsek p. 38 no. 72.

(2)

Tuḥfat al-Muḥammadīyah (beg. Āg̲h̲āz i suṭūʿ i naiyir i maqāl), on the ṣubḥ and the s̲h̲afaq, dedicated to Iʿtimād al-Daulah Muḥammad Bēg Wazīr i Aʿẓam: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 467 antepenult., Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 40 (not later than 1166/1753).

¶ § 137. S̲h̲. Abū ’l-Fatḥ Fatḥ Allāh “Fatḥī” b. Muṣṭafā b. ʿAbd al-S̲h̲akūr Fārūqī Isḥāqī lived in the S̲h̲āhpūr district of Bihār.

Sabʿ samāwāt, on astrology and divination, composed in 1067/1656–7: Browne Suppt. 755 (ah 1168/1754–5. Corpus 195).

§ 138. M. Amīn Najafī Ḥijāzī was a pupil of Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī, in whose lifetime he wrote a commentary, Mūḍiḥ al-K̲h̲ulāṣah, on the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥisāb (see pl. ii p. 10).

Risālah dar usṭurlāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), in a muqaddamah, eight bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., nos. 57 (ah 1068/1657–8), 56.

§ 139. M. Bāqir b. M. Muʾmin K̲h̲urāsānī Sabzawārī left K̲h̲urāsān after his father’s death and settled in Iṣfahān, where he won the favour of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii (ah 1052–77/1642–66) and became Imām-jumʿah and S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām. He died in 1090/1679. His Persian works are concerned with law, ethics and other subjects.

[Sulāfat al-ʿaṣr (in Arabic), Cairo 1324, p. 499; Ṭāhir Naṣrābādī p. 151; Amal al-āmil p. 61⁷; Rauḍāt al-jannāt pp. 116–18; Qiṣaṣ al-ʿulamāʾ p. 299; Nujūm al-samāʾ pp. 113–14; Sipahsālār i pp. 407–9; Hadīyat al-aḥbāb p. 253; Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 578.]

(1)

Kas̲h̲f al-asrār (beg. Āg̲h̲āz i dībāc̲h̲ah i har kitāb), on astrology and talismans in a muqaddamah and five maqālahs: Bodleian 1560 (defective at end).

(2)

(Risālah dar taḥqīq i aiyām u rūzhā-yi mubārak u masʿūd u manḥūs …),⁹⁶ composed by order of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān al-Ḥusainī al-Mūsawī (ah 1077–1105/1666–94) and divided into a muqaddamah, three bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bodleian 1559 (96 foll. N.d.), probably also Rehatsek p. 17 no. 30 (“Risālah i Mullā M. Bāqir Sabzawārī”. Rehatsek’s account of the contents tallies fairly well with that in the Bodleian catalogue).

§ 140. According to a note on the title-page of the Paris ms. Quṭb al-Dīn M. b. S̲h̲aik̲h̲-ʿAlī [S̲h̲arīf]Lāhijī [Is̲h̲kawarī⁹⁷ Dailamī] is the author of the astronomical work recorded below. He is described as a pupil of Mīr Dāmād [d. 1041/1631–2: see Browne Lit. Hist. iv pp. 406–7, 426–9] and as the author of a risālah dar ¶ ʿālam i mit̲h̲āl and of a work entitled Maḥbūb al-qulūb.⁹⁸ For Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. b. S̲h̲aik̲h̲-ʿAlī Lāhijī (a brother of his?) see pl. i § 29a.

[Amal al-āmil p. 65 ult.; Hadīyat al-aḥbāb p. 237 (Q. al-D. al-Is̲h̲kawarī); Mas̲h̲had iv p. 414 no. 268.]

(Risālah dar haiʾat),⁹⁹ without title or author’s name, dedicated to S̲h̲āh Sulaimān (ah 1077–1105/1666–94) and divided into a preface, five discourses (maqālahs presumably) and a conclusion: Blochet iv 2368 (1) (62 (?) foll. 18th cent.).

§ 141. Mullā Luṭf Allāh [“Muhandis”?: cf. pl. ii § 31].

Taqwīm i Luṭfī, composed in 1084/1673–4: Rehatsek p. 10 no. 13 (on European paper watermarked 1824).

§ 142. M. Zamān b. M. Ṣādiq Anbālajī Dihlawī (M.Z. Faiyāḍ al-muk̲h̲āṭab bah T̲h̲ālit̲h̲: see pl. ii p. 10 (f)) is the author of (1) a commentary written in 1130/1718 on the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥisāb (pl. ii § 24 no. (1) (f)), (2) a commentary completed in 1130/1718 on the Mulak̲h̲k̲h̲aṣ of C̲h̲ag̲h̲mīnī (pl. ii § 88), and (3) Irtifāʿ al-jibāl (pl. ii § 32).¹⁰⁰

(Risālah dar haiʾat),¹⁰¹ composed in 1120/1708–9 (chronogram Ilhām al-g̲h̲aib) and divided into a muqaddamah, two sections and a k̲h̲ātimah: Blochet iv 2370 (2) (late 18th cent.).

§ 143. Ṣadr al-Dīn M. [b.] Zabardast K̲h̲ān flourished about 1135/1722–3 (cf. pl. i § 1466, ii § 24 no. (1) (g)).

Najm al-Ṣadr, on nujūm (i.e. probably astrology): Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1135/1723, probably autograph. See ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 106).

§ 144. Rājah Jai Sing’h Sawāʾī, a Kac̲h̲hwāhah Rājpūt, succeeded his father as Rājah of Anbēr (Amber) in 1693 and served Aurangzēb and his successors as a military commander. In 1145/1732–3 Muḥammad S̲h̲āh appointed him Governor of Mālwah. According to the Tārīk̲h̲ i Muḥammadī (of M. b. Muʿtamad K̲h̲ān, cited by Rieu, iii p. 1088a) he died at Jainagar (now called Jaipūr, the town founded by him as the capital of his state) on 13 S̲h̲aʿbān 1156/2 Oct. 1743.

¶ Having represented to Muḥammad S̲h̲āh that the current almanacs, based on the Zīj of Ulug̲h̲ Bēg (cf. pl. ii § 104), the Zīj i K̲h̲āqānī (pl. ii § 104) and the tashīlāt composed in Akbar’s reign by Mullā C̲h̲ānd and in S̲h̲āh-Jahān’s reign by Mullā Farīd (pl. ii § 133), were all more or less incorrect, he was ordered to undertake new observations with the help of Muslim, Brāhman and European astronomers. Instruments similar to those used at Samarqand and later some of his own invention were manufactured at Delhi and for seven years observations were carried on concurrently at Delhi, Jaipūr, Muttra [Mat’hurā], Benares and Ujjain. Then some competent persons were sent to Europe with Padre Manoel and brought back with them the tables of [Philippe] de La Hire,¹⁰² which were compared with his own results. [Maʾāt̲h̲ir al-umarāʾ ii pp. 81–3, Beveridge’s trans. i pp. 735–6; Account of the astronomical labours of Jaya Sinha, Rajah of Ambhere, or Jayanagar, by W. Hunter (in Asiatic researches v, London 1799, pp. 177–211); Beale Oriental biographical dictionary under Jai Singh ii; Rieu ii pp. 460–1 (where further references are given), iii p. 1088a; G.R. Kaye The astronomical observatories of Jai Singh (Archaeological Survey of India, New Imperial Series, vol. xl, Calcutta 1918); etc.]

Zīj i jadīd i Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī (beg. T̲h̲anāʾī kih k̲h̲irad i k̲h̲urdah-bīn), astronomical tables completed in 1140/1728 and divided into three maqālahs ((1) on the Hijrī, Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī, Christian and Samwat eras, in four bābs, (2) dar maʿrifat i ṭāliʿ i har waqt, in nineteen bābs, (3) on the motions of the planets and stars and their positions, in a muqaddamah, four bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah): Tashkent Acad. i 517–21 (of which 518 is dated 1175/1762), Rieu ii 460b (222 foll. 18th cent.), Browne Suppt. 742 (26 foll., presumably therefore a mere fragment or epitome. King’s 212), Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 300, Bānkīpūr xi 1056 (19th cent.), Maʿārif i 121, Majlis 186 (defective, modern), Rehatsek p. 29 no. 52, p. 30 no. 53 (2) (defective).

Extract: [the preface with English translation] Account of the astronomical labours of Jaya Sinha … By Dr. W. Hunter (cf. supra), pp. 178–89.

Discussion: G.R. Kaye The astronomical observatories of Jai Singh (see supra) pp. 8 onwards.

Commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī, by K̲h̲air Allāh K̲h̲ān “Muhandis” (cf. pl. ii § 145): cited by G̲h̲ulām-Ḥusain Jaunpūrī in his Jāmiʿ i Bahādur-K̲h̲ānī (cf. pl. ii § 43 and, for the words of the citation, S. Sulaimān Nadwī’s article¹⁰³ p. 47^1–2).

¶ Simplified recension (in places evidently an amplification): Tashīl i Zīj i Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī (beg. T̲h̲. i bisyār u ḥ. i bī-s̲h̲umār Ḥakīmī rā kih rāṣid i ḥikmat), in a muqaddamah and five maqālahs, by ʿAbd Allāh surnamed (al-muk̲h̲āṭab bah) Mahārat K̲h̲ān b. ʿAẓīm al-Dīn M. K̲h̲ān, who says that, finding Jai Sing’h’s Zīj difficult to understand, he had written this explanation: Lindesiana p. 119 no. 697 (Zīj i M.-S̲h̲āhī, by ʿA.A. K̲h̲. b. ʿA. al-D.M. K̲h̲. Circ. ad 1770), Rehatsek p. 26 no. 46 (ah 1205/1791), Āṣafīyah i p. 808 no. 297, Bānkīpūr xi 1057 (19th cent.), Edinburgh 417 (Maqālahs i–iii only).

Abridgment: Zīj i muk̲h̲taṣar i Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī: Rehatsek p. 26 no. 47 (1), Brelvi-Dhabhar p. i no. 2 (1) (presumably transcribed from the preceding ms.).

§ 145. Abū ’l-K̲h̲air K̲h̲air Allāh K̲h̲ān “Muhandis”, the second son of Luṭf Allāh “Muhandis” Lāhaurī (for whom see pl. i § 1092, ii pp. 10, 13, 14) acted as adviser to Rājah Jai Sing’h [cf. pl. ii § 144] in connexion with the building of his observatories.¹⁰⁴ In addition to his astronomical and mathematical works he wrote commentaries on (1) K̲h̲usrau’s Qirān al-saʿdain (see pl. i p. 394), (2) Niẓāmī’s Sikandar-nāmah (printed [without date?] in two volumes at the S̲h̲araf al-Maṭābiʿ, Delhi. Vol. ii is in the National University Library, Delhi. See S. Sulaimān Nadwī’s article p. 47^6–10), (3) the dīwāns of “Zulālī” and “Ḥāfiẓ” (mentioned by his son M. ʿAlī Riyāḍī in his preface to the Taqrīb al-Taḥrīr (see S. Sulaimān Nadwī’s article, p. 47^4–6)). [pl. ii § 1, 27 (fn. 34), 70 no. (2); S. Sulaimān Nadwī Lāhaur kā ēk muhandis k̲h̲āndān … [cf. pl. ii § 27] pp. 41–7; M. Abdullah Chaghtai A family of great Mughal architects [based mainly on the preceding article] (Islamic culture xi/2 (April 1937) pp. 208–9)].

(1)

Ḥās̲h̲iyah bar S̲h̲arḥ i Bīst bāb dar usṭurlāb: see pl. ii pp. 44–45.

(2)

Madk̲h̲al i manẓūm (beg. Hīc̲h̲ kām u dahan ṣadā na-kunad), a metrical introduction to astronomy, composed in 1150/1737–8: Rāmpūr Ḥāfiẓ Aḥmad ʿAlī K̲h̲ān’s library (see Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 253).

(3)

(Risālah dar usṭurlāb):¹⁰⁵ Lindesiana p. 176 no. 706 (circ. ad 1820).

(4)

S̲h̲arḥ i Zīj i jadīd i Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī: see pl. ii § 144.

(5)

Taqrīb al-Taḥrīr: see pl. ii § 70.

(6)

Taqrīr al-Taḥrīr: see pl. ii p. 1.

¶ § 146. M. ʿAlī “Ḥazīn” Jīlānī was born at Iṣfahan in 1103/1692 and died at Benares in 1180/1766 (see pl. i § 1150, ii § 63).

(Risālah dar haiʾat) (beg. Baʿd az st. u sp. i Izad i Pāk u durūd i nā-maʿdūd), on the elements of astronomy, completed in 1179/1765: Ivanow 1778 (2) (foll. 250–260b. Early 19th cent.).

§ 147. To M. Karīm K̲h̲ān Zand (ah 1163–93/1750–79) was dedicated:

(Risālah dar taqwīm), in twenty very short chapters and a conclusion: Blochet iv 2368 fol. 63b sqq. (18th cent.).

§ 148. Qabūl Muḥammad, as he calls himself in the preface to the Anwār al-nujūm, or Q. M. Anṣārī, as he is called “at the end”, is probably identical with the Q. M. who wrote the undotted [Persian or Urdu?]¹⁰⁶ mat̲h̲nawī Siḥr i ḥalāl u wird i asḥār and who is usually regarded as the real author of the Haft qulzum, a Persian dictionary ostensibly by Naṣīr al-Dīn Ḥaidar, King of Oudh.

Anwār al-nujūm (beg. Baʿd az h. u t̲h̲anā-yi Qādir i D̲h̲ū ’l-Jalāl kih ḥiṣār i falak al-aflāk rā), a detailed treatise on astrology, the preparation of horoscopes, the calculation of auspicious hours, etc., composed (at any rate partly) in 1200/ 1785–6, based mainly on Hindu systems and divided into four daftars: Ivanow 1st Suppt. 900 (345 foll. Early 19th cent.).

§ 149. Pandit Rāj Nēmd’har [?].

Dil-pasand, on astronomy, composed in 1204/1789–90 and dedicated to Nawwāb Amīr al-Daulah [Amīr K̲h̲ān], of Ṭōnk (cf. pl. i § 898): Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1229/1814. See ocm. x/3 p. 105).

§ 150. S. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn [b. Raḍī al-Dīn] S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī died in 1799 (see pl. i § 1072).

Zabarjad (beg. Ḥamd i Ḥaq naʿt i Nabī u waṣf i Ḥaidar rā kunam … a. b. bar rāy i dānis̲h̲-ārāy), in prose and verse, on astrological matters and magical formulae, composed for Ṭīpū and divided into forty-five qisms: Ivanow 1506 (circ. 128 foll.).

§ 151. Qāḍī ’l-Quḍāt M. Najm al-Dīn K̲h̲ān died in 1229/1814 (see pl. ii § 38).

(Risālah dar taḥqīq i sanah) (beg. Ḥāmid^an wa-muṣalliy^an wa-musallim^an a. b. mī-gūyad bandah i kamtarīn), on solar and lunar eras used in India: ¶ Ivanow 1504 (10 foll. ah 1210/ 1796, bearing author’s seal), Rieu iii 1013b (foll. 17–24. Circ. A.υ. 1850), 1027a viii (circ. ad 1850), 1043b (acephalous).

§ 152. M. b. M. Ṣādiq S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī.

Kanz al-ʿās̲h̲iqīn (beg. Jawāhir i girān-bahā-yi ḥamd), a translation completed in 1216/1801–2 of a treatise, presumably in Arabic, on the influences of the twenty-eight lunar mansions (risālah i k̲h̲awāṣṣ i manāzil i qamar), said to have been originally extracted by Aristotle from the books of Hermes: Bodleian iii 2743 (autograph written at Lucknow in 1217/1802), Rieu ii 462a (59 foll. Lucknow, 1217/1802).

§ 153. Mīrzā Abū Ṭālib K̲h̲ān Iṣfahānī died at Lucknow in 1220/1805–6 (see pl. i §§ 173, 1178).

Miʿrāj al-tauḥīd (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. bar ḍamīr i munīr i s̲h̲āʾiqān), a short metrical work on astronomy with a prose commentary composed in 1219/1804 and dedicated to Abū ’l-Fatḥ Sulṭān-Muḥammad Ṣafawī (for whom see pl. i § 402): Edinburgh 93 (22 foll. ah 1222/1807).

§ 154. M. Riḍā Munajjim-bās̲h̲ī.

(Risālah i haiʾat), a short work, mainly tables apparently, composed for Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh (1211–50/1797–1834): Philadelphia Lewis Coll. p. 40 no. 36 (22 foll.).

§ 155. Ṣafdar K̲h̲ān [b.?] M. Ḥasan K̲h̲ān [b.?] M. Ismāʿīl S̲h̲īrāzī.

Zīc̲h̲¹⁰⁷ i Mīr-ʿĀlamī, dedicated presumably to Mīr-ʿĀlam, who died in 1223/1808 (see pl. i § 1034): Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 301.

§ 156. M. Kāẓim b. M. S̲h̲afīʿ Hazārjarībī Ḥāʾirī died at Karbalā after 1232/1817 and before 1238/1822–3 (cf. Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 793).

Aflākīyah: Najaf K̲h̲wānsārī’s library (D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 262).

§ 157. M. Ḥusain b. Karam-ʿAlī al-tājir al-Iṣfahānī¹⁰⁸ is the author of (1) a compendium of general history composed at Mas̲h̲had in 1222/1807 (pl. i § 179), (2) Jāmiʿ al-tawārīk̲h̲, composed in 1228/1813 (D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 47 no. 183, autograph ms. at Karbalāʾ), and (3) a majmūʿah, or miscellany, compiled at Mas̲h̲had in 1224/1809 (Rieu ii 776, Majlis i 628).

¶ (Risālah i haiʾat) (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. ʿaẓamat i kibriyāʾī rasad kih muwāfiq), composed for Āqā Aḥmad Lāhijānī and including a metrical tract on the astrolabe: Rieu ii 815a (Bag̲h̲dād, ah 1225/1810, autograph).

§ 158. Rājah¹⁰⁹ Kundan La‘l “As̲h̲kī” b. Mannūn La‘l “Falsafī” Dihlawī (see pl. i § 188a).

Zīj i As̲h̲kī, composed in 1231/1816: Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 299 (autograph).

§ 159. Ibn ʿAlī Riḍā Iṣfahānī.

Ḥall al-ʿaqd, fī maʿrifat al-taqwīm, composed at the request of S̲h̲āh-zādah Ḥusain ʿAlī Mīrzā (cf. pl. i § 1225) and completed in 1234/1818–19: Najaf Tustarīyah (D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 71 no. 376).

§ 160. M. Hās̲h̲im Iṣfahānī.

al-S̲h̲awāhid al-nafīsah fī it̲h̲bāt al-kabīsah,¹¹⁰ composed in 1242/1826–7.

Edition: (Āṣafīyah i p. 818, where the place (doubtless Bombay) and the date (doubtless 1827) are not mentioned).

Rejoinder: Adillah i qawīyah bar ʿadam i jawāz i kabīsah, by Mullā Fīrūz b. Kāwūs (for whom see pl. i § 813).

Edition: Ressallae Uddullae quvee-yeh bur uddumae juvazae kubbeesae dur shurreeatê Zurtoshtee-yeh. Or a work exhibiting the strongest evidences of the non-existence of the Kubbeesa [“i.e. Kabīsah, or intercalation of a month to rectify the reckoning of 365 days in each year instead of 366 in every fourth year,” Edwards] in the doctrines of Zoroaster. Composed on behalf of the Kudmeeans … as a reply to a work published by one Hajee Mahomed Hossam Isphanee … entitled “Shavahedul nuffeesae fee usbatool Kubbeesae” at the special request of the Rusmeeans … Bombay 1828° (255 pp.).

§ 161. G̲h̲ulām-Ḥusain b. Fatḥ-Muḥammad Karbalāʾī Jaunpūrī (see pl. ii § 43).

(1)

Anīs al-aḥbāb fī bayān masāʾil[al-] usṭurlāb, composed in 1234/1818–19: see pl. ii § 130.

(2)

Iṣṭilāḥāt al-taqwīm (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. mar Qādirī rā sazad kih ajrām i ʿulwīyah rā), in a muqaddamah, fourteen short bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Ivanow 1st Suppt. 901 (mid-19th cent.), Bānkīpūr xi 1062 (19th cent.).

(3)

¶ Jāmiʿ i Bahādur-K̲h̲ānī, composed in 1249/1833–4: see pl. ii § 43.

(4)

Zīc̲h̲¹¹¹ i Bahādur-K̲h̲ānī, composed in 1241/1825–6: Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 68.

Edition: 1855 (Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 15).

§ 162. M. Rafīʿ al-Dīn Muhandis Dihlawī.

(1)

Account of the Faṣlī era, composed in 1219/1804–5: Rieu iii 1027a ix (foll. 120–1, Circ. ad 1850).

(2)

A tract on ancient eras composed originally in Arabic in 1253/1837–8 by M.R. al-D. and translated in 1265/1849 for Sir H.M. Elliot by Nawwāb Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Nawwāb Aḥmad-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ K̲h̲ān: Rieu iii 1027a vii (foll. 110–12).

§ 163. Rājah Ratan Sing’h“Zak̲h̲mi” was born at Lucknow in 1197/1782 and died in 1851 (see pl. i §§ 946, 1201).

(1)

Ḥadāʾiq al-nujūm, composed in 1253 according to D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 290 no. 1558. Editions: 1253/1837 (Āṣafīyah i p. 808 no. 17); 1256/1840 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 102); 1843 (ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 22 no. 3).

(2)

Miʿyār al-azmān (beg. Allāhumma laka naḥmadu wa- bika nastaʿīnu), on chronology and the eras of various peoples, completed in 1234/1819 and divided into a muqaddamah, two maqālahs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr xi 1061 (105 foll. ah 1239/ 1823–4), Ivanow Curzon 581 (mid-19th cent.).

§ 164. S. Abū ’l-Fatḥ K̲h̲wājah Bahādur Ḥusain K̲h̲ān b. Bahādur K̲h̲ān.

(1)

Mak̲h̲zan i Bahādurī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1704 no. 55.

(2)

Zīc̲h̲¹¹² i Niẓāmī: Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 112 (autograph).

Commentary (?): S̲h̲arḥ i Z. i N.: Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 296 (author’s name not stated in the catalogue).

§ 165. M. b. al-Riḍā al-Kāẓim al-Ṭabarsī.

Jawāmiʿ al-ʿilm (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. c̲h̲. g. M. b. al-R. al-K. al-Ṭ.), on astronomical technical terms, etc., completed in 1264/1848 (if this is not merely the date of transcription) and divided into 150 bands: Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 p. 879 no. 1084 (93 foll.).

¶ § 166. Nawwāb ʿUmdat al-Daulah ʿUmdat al-Mulk¹¹³ M. Rafīʿ al-Dīn K̲h̲ān b. S̲h̲ams al-Umarā Bahādur Amīr i Kabīr M. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn K̲h̲ān (cf. pl. ii § 48) died in 1294/1877 according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue. [Gulzār i Āṣafīyah p. 290; pl. ii § 48.]

(1)

Rafīʿ al-baṣar, on geometry and optics, composed in 1250/1834–5.

Edition: Ḥaidarābād 1250/1834–5¹¹⁴ (Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 226, ras. catalogue p. 429b).

(2)

Rafīʿ al-ṣanʿat, dar bayān i usṭurlāb, composed in 1269/1852–3.

Edition: 1269/1852–3 (Āṣafīyah i p. 812 no. 89, p. 814 no. 38).

§ 167. ʿAlī-Qulī Mīrzā Qājār, entitled Iʿtiḍād al-Salṭanah, died on 10 Muḥarram 1298/13 December 1880 (see pl. i § 316).

Falak al-saʿādah: [Ṭihrān] 1278/1861–2 (170 pp. See Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, ptd. bks., no. 12, Harrassowitz’s catalogue no. 352 (1912), item 1392).

§ 168. S.M. ʿAlī b. M. Ismāʿīl Bīrjandī Qāyinī Sipāhānī died in 1305/1887–8. [Jalāl al-Dīn Tihrānī Gāh-nāmah i 1311 p. 188.]

Risālah dar taḥqīq i jaib u ẓill: Mis̲h̲kāt iii/2 pp. 852–3 no. 1065 (75 foll. Autograph).

§ 169. General (Sartīp) Mīrzā Taqī K̲h̲ān Kās̲h̲ānī was Ḥakīm-bās̲h̲ī to the Governor of Fārs, Sulṭān-Masʿūd Mīrzā Ẓill al-Sulṭān,¹¹⁵ and was editor successively of the weekly newspapers Fārs, published at S̲h̲īrāz in 1289/1872–3, and Farhang, published at Iṣfahān for ten years from 1296/1879 onwards. Among his works were Tarbiyat al-aṭfāl (Iṣfahān 1299/1882°) and K̲h̲amrīyah (Iṣfahān 1296/1879°). [Browne Press and poetry pp. 12 n.3, 120, 156, 161; M. Ṣadr Hās̲h̲imī Tārīk̲h̲ i jarāʾid … iv p. 73.]

Ḥadāʾiq al-ṭabīʿah, on modern astronomy, etc., composed in 1300/1882–3: Iṣfahān 1300/1882–3° (vol. i. 243 pp. Cf. Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, ptd. bks., no. 5, D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 288, Browne Press and poetry p. 161).

¶ § 170. Aḥmad b. Mīr Nāṣir b. Yūsuf Ḥanafī Ṣiddīqī Buk̲h̲ārī, surnamed Aḥmad i Kallah, astronomer, poet, calligraphist and miniaturist, died in 1314/1896 (see Tashkent Acad. i p. 230 no. 519).

Manāẓir al-kawākib, composed in 1288/1871: Tashkent Acad. i 529 (142 foll. Apparently autograph), 530–1.

§ 171. S. Ḥasan b. Jaʿfar b. ʿAlī Jazāʾirī Mūsawī Tustarī died in 1323/1905.

Tuḥfat al-aḥibbāʾ, on astrology: Najaf S. Āqā Tustarī Najafī (see D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 408 no. 1465).

§ 172. Najm al-Daulah ʿAbd al-G̲h̲affār K̲h̲ān Iṣfahānī died in 1326/1908 (see pl. ii § 50).

Bidāyat al-nujūm: Tihrān 1319/1901–2 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 59).

§ 173. Mīrzā M. b. M. Rafīʿ, entitled Malik al-kuttāb, S̲h̲īrāzī (see pl. i § 662).

Asrār al-niqāṭ, on astrology, professedly from Greek sources: [Bombay] 1311/1893° (16 pp.).

§ 174. S. Ḥasan Taqī-zādah was born at Tabrīz on 27 September 1878 (so World biography 1948) and was one of those who frequented the Kitāb-k̲h̲ānah i Tarbiyat founded in 1316/1898–9 (cf. pl. i § 1493, Browne Press and poetry p. 29). He played a prominent part in the Constitutional movement and was a member of the first Majlis in 1906 and of several later parliaments elected between that date and 1927. In 1929 he became Governor-General of K̲h̲urāsān, in 1930 Minister of Roads and Communications and later Minister of Finance, in 1934 Persian Minister in Paris, in 1941 Persian Minister in London and from 1944 to 1947 he was Persian Ambassador there. From 1947 to 1949 he was once again Deputy for Tabrīz, in the latter year he became a Senator and was (later?) President of the Senate.

He was Editor of the periodical Kāwah published in Berlin as a political journal from 24.1.1916 to 15.8.1919 and as a literary and scientific review from 22.1.1920 to 1.12.1921 (see Browne Lit. Hist. iv pp. 483–8). His work Az Parwīz tā C̲h̲ingīz has already been mentioned (pl. i § 321). Several others are enumerated in Īraj Afs̲h̲ār’s Nat̲h̲r i Fārsī i muʿāṣir,¹¹⁶ p. 76, where it is stated that a collection of his essays and studies has been published under the title Maqālāt i Taqī-zādah (Tihrān a.h.s. 1321/1942–3). His English work The early Iranian calendars was published in 1938 by the Royal Asiatic Society (Prize Publication Fund, xvi) and several articles by him have appeared in the bsoas.

¶ [Browne The Persian revolution of 1905–1909, 1910 (see index), Press and poetry, 1914, pp. 15¹, 130¹⁹, 313³⁹, 318³, 319¹⁶, 323⁴²; S. Jalāl al-Dīn Tihrānī Gāh-nāmah i 1309, p. 265; Mahdī Mujtahidī Tārīk̲h̲ i zindagānī i Taqī-zādah, a.h.s. 1322/1944 (cf. pl. i § 1483b); Ḥabīb Allāh Muk̲h̲tārī Tārīk̲h̲ i bīdārī i Īrān, a.h.s. 1326/1947 p. 70 (portrait), etc.; World biography, New York 1948, p. 4646; Mahdī Malik-zādah Tārīkh i inqilāb i mas̲h̲rūṭīyat i Īrān ii (a.h.s. 1329/1950) pp. 196 (portrait), 216–18, 220 penult., etc.; Īraj Afs̲h̲ār Nat̲h̲r i Fārsī i muʿāṣir, a.h.s. 1330/1951, pp. 75–86 (portrait); M. Ṣadr Hās̲h̲imī Tārīk̲h̲ i jarāʾid … (cf. pl. i § 447a no. (17)), iv (a.h.s. 1332/1953) pp. 129–31; International Who’s who, 1953, under Taqizadeh; etc., etc.]

Gāh-s̲h̲umārī dar Irān i qadīm: Tihrān a.h.s. 1316/1938–9 (Majlis Pr. 389 pp.).

§ 175. S. Hibat al-Dīn M. ʿAlī b. Ḥusain Ḥusainī S̲h̲ahristānī was born at Sāmarrāʾ on 24 Rajab 1301/20 May 1884 (see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 807; International Who’s who, 1954, p. 881).

al-Haiʾah wa-’l-Islām …, in Arabic: see Brockelmann loc. cit.

Persian translation: al-Islām wa-’l-haiʾah, prepared by Ismāʿīl Firdausī Farāhānī: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 63, Sulṭānābād 1354/ 1935–6 (serially in the Persian periodical ʿIrāq); Najaf 1356/ 1937.

§ 176. S. Jalāl al-Dīn Tihrānī [b. Mīr S. ʿAlī S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām: see D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 218¹⁰] has already been mentioned (pl. i § 1539c) as the author of a series of almanacs containing “appendices”, some of which are ancient, mainly historical, works, while others are writings by S. Jalāl al-Dīn Tihrānī himself. The Gāh-nāmah i 1313, not available for inspection at the moment of writing, contains (according to the list of his own publications printed by the author in his Gāh-nāmah i 1314 pp. 2–3) not only the history of Hulāgū from the Jāmiʿ al-tawārīk̲h̲ i Ras̲h̲īdī and a risālah i āt̲h̲ār i qadīmah i Fārs [by S. Jalāl al-Dīn himself]¹¹⁷ but also a risālah i ṣuwar i falakī (s̲h̲āmil i maʿārif i ʿArab ba-ʿilm i falak) [also by himself]¹¹⁸ and the Tarjamah i Haiʾat i Flamāriyōn (Haiʾat i Ṭālibōf).¹¹⁹

¶ § 177. M. Muʿīn, born a.h.s. 1291/1912–13 at Ras̲h̲t, obtained the doctorate in Persian literature at the University of Tihrān in 1321/1942–3 and is now Professor of Persian Literature in the University. His publications include an edition of the Burhān i qāṭi‘ (vols. i–ii. Tihrān, a.h.s. 1330–1/1951–2, in progress) and a Persian grammar, Ṭarḥ i dastūr i zabān i Fārsī, which is appearing in parts. At the end of Part 3 (Iḍāfah. Tihrān, a.h.s. 1332/1953–4) there is a list of his writings, published and unpublished (37 titles, including editions of Persian classics and articles in periodicals). A short biography with a portrait and an incomplete list of his publications (eleven titles) is included in Īraj Afs̲h̲ār’s Nat̲h̲r i Fārsī i muʿāṣir, pp. 260–1.

Rūz-s̲h̲umārī dar Irān i bāstān u āt̲h̲ār i ān dar adabīyāt i Pārsī: Tihrān a.h.s. 1325/1946 (75 pp. See Probsthain’s Orientalia nova 1 (1944–6) p. 16).

§ 178. Appendix

(1)

(Aḥkām i nujūm), “divination by the stars,” by M. b. M. al-Kās̲h̲g̲h̲arī: Lindesiana p. 191 no. 716b (circ. ad 1776).

(2)

Aḥkām i ṭāliʿ i duwāzdah burj (beg. Sp. u st. Āfrīdgār i ʿālam rā tabāraka wa-taʿālā kih āsmān rā ba-nūr i kawākib): Majlis 147 (ah 1040/1630–1).

(3)

Anẓār al-kawākib, on astrology, by M. Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn K̲h̲ān Ḥaidar­ābādī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1698 no. 49.

(4)

As̲h̲raf al-tanjīm, by M. known as (ʿurf) As̲h̲raf: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1698 no. 74.

(5)

Asrār al-nujūm, on astrology, by M. Jaʿfar Ḥusainī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1698 no. 16 (ah 1199/1785).

(6)

Āt̲h̲ār al-nujūm (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ʿadd u t̲h̲. i bī-q. Ṣāniʿ i Lam-yazal u Lā-yazālī [rā] sazā-st), by M. Ismāʿīl b. Badīʿ al-Zamān Ḥusainī Junābadī, who quotes the Aḥkām al-qirānāt of Muḥyī ’l-Dīn Anārī [cf. pl. ii § 120] and cannot therefore be earlier than the 10th/16th century: Bodleian iii 2742.

(7)

Bayāḍ, by Nawwāb Ṣafdar ʿAlī K̲h̲ān, Raʾīs i Dakan: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 21 no. 1.

(8)

(Bīst bāb dar usṭurlāb) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. lanā wasīlat^an ilā qurbihi), in twenty bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Rieu Suppt. 155 (4) (foll. 26–30. ah 1123/1711).

(9)

C̲h̲ihil bāb: Rehatsek p. 34 no. 63 (spaces for diagrams left blank).

(10)

Daftar i taqwīm: for various almanacs see D̲h̲arīʿah viii pp. 216–25.

(11)

Dalīl al-munajjimīn, on astrology, by Ḥasan b. S̲h̲ujāʿ: Rehatsek p. 17 no. 28.

(12)

Ḍawābiṭ i istik̲h̲rāj i samt i qiblah, by S.M. Ḥaidar Lak’hnawī. Edition: 1318/1900–1 (Āṣafīyah i p. 810).

(13)

Duwāzdah burj i falak al-aflāk (beg. Ṭāliʿ i Ḥamal k̲h̲udāwandas̲h̲ Mirrīk̲h̲-ast), astrology: Vatican Pers. 68 (1) (37 foll. 17th cent. Rossi p. 90).

(14)

¶ Faṣṣ al-k̲h̲ātam fī maʿrifat haiʾat al-ʿālam (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u sp. i bī-q. mar ḥaḍrat i D̲h̲ū ’l-Jalālī rā kih wujūb i wujūd), by M. Jājarmī,¹²⁰ in a muqaddamah (dar bayān i baʿḍī az alfāẓ …), and two rukns ((1) dar s̲h̲ināk̲h̲t i haiʾat i āsmān …, (2) dar S̲h̲. i h. i zamīn …): Bodleian 1545 (3), Āṣafīyah i p. 818 no. 209 (ah 1250/1834–5).

(15)

(Ḥall al-taqwīm) (beg. Baʿd az ḥ. u t̲h̲. i Parwardgār i ʿĀlam u ʿĀlamiyān), in five faṣls: Kāẓimīyah S̲h̲. ʿAbd Allāh al-Kutubī (ah 1023/1614. D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 66 no. 356).

(16)

Ḥasanīyah (beg. Raus̲h̲an sitāraʾī kih bar alsinah i ʿurafā), on astrology, by M. Isḥāq Kas̲h̲mīrī, dedicated to Amīr K̲h̲wājah Abū ’l-Ḥasan and divided into a muqaddamah, two kalāms and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2300 (84 foll. ah 1066/1656).

(17)

Ḥusn al-maʾāb, on modern astronomy, by Maḥmūd K̲h̲ān Qummī, Kār-pardāz at the Persian Legation in Bag̲h̲dād: printed (D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 16 no. 67).

(18)

( Jadāwil i suʾāl u jawāb), (beg…. u ʿahdī baʿīd būd kih az s̲h̲araf i dast-būs maḥrūm māndah būd), 12 x 12 = 144 tables giving the answers to twelve questions (firstly Maulūd bi-ziyad yā bi-mīrad?), with a preface in which the author calls himself [ʿAbd al-Ra]ḥīm al-Nak̲h̲juwānī: Berlin 343^a (acephalous and defective. 74 foll. Good, old nastaʿlīq).

(19)

Jadwal i S̲h̲arḥ i muʾāmarah i makt̲h̲ i maulūd, described as extracted from works of Abū ’l-Wafāʾ al-Būzajānī (cf. pl. ii § 3) and ʿAbd al-Jalīl al-Sikzī¹²¹ and divided into numerous faṣls: Leyden iii p. 156 no. 1196 (2) (foll. 4–39).

(20)

Jadwal i sittīn:¹²² Rehatsek p. 12 no. 18, p. 13 no. 19.

(21)

Jāmāsp-nāmah (beg. Sp. Īzad rā kih mā rā āfrīd c̲h̲unānkih k̲h̲wāst … a. b. c̲h̲unīn gūyad Jāmāsb bandah i … Gus̲h̲tāsb … kih bi-farmūd marā nigāh kardan ba-ḥāl i īn ak̲h̲tarān), on the influences of the stars and prognostications of future events: D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 22, Majlis 170 (27 foll.).

(22)

[Jāmāsp-nāmah] Kitāb i Jāmāsp fī ṭawāliʿ al-anbiyāʾ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Hādī ’l-insān ilā tamhīd), on the conjunctions of the planets and their influence on mankind, as illustrated by the horoscopes of the chief prophets and kings, of whom C̲h̲ingiz K̲h̲ān is the last mentioned by name, with an introduction containing a detailed description of the human shapes of the planets, the number of their hands and the emblems they hold: Blochet ii 908 (ah 741/1341), Rieu ii 461a (46 foll. 15th cent.).

(23)

¶ [Jāmāsp-nāmah] Nusk̲h̲ah i Jāmāsp i ḥakīm, an astrological work containing inter alia horoscopes relating to the advent of Zoroaster, Moses, Alexander, Nebuchadnezzar, Jesus and (left blank) the “monarchy” of Islām: Rehatsek p. 20 no. 34.

(24)

Jātakābharan: see Miftāḥ al-nujūm below.

(25)

Jawāhir-nāmah, on astrology: D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 283 no. 1323 (ms. at Najaf, K̲h̲wānsārī Lib.).

(26)

Kādisān (Kitāb i), (beg. St. i gūnāgūn Pāds̲h̲āhī), astrological, by Maulawī Mīr … [Kir?] mānī [?]: Leyden iii p. 154 no. 1191 (ah 1137/1724–5. 155 pp.).

(27)

Kanz al-fawāʾid fī d̲h̲ikr al-qawāʿid (beg. Ai nām i Tu miftāḥ i dar i ganj i murād), in a muqaddamah and fourteen maqṣads, by Malik Maḥmūd al-Karrāmī b. Malik Aḥmad al-K̲h̲wānsārī: Cairo p. 512 (166 foll.), Ḥamīdīyah 851.

(28)

Kās̲h̲if al-daqāʾiq, on astrology, by Sadāsuk’h Kaul b. Kēwal Rām Kaul: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702 no. 66.

(29)

K̲h̲āṣṣ al-nujūm, by K̲h̲wus̲h̲waqt Rāy b. Bhūpat Rāy: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 90.

(30)

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ʿulūm, on astrology, by Abū ’l-Ḥusain b. Maḥmūd al-Ḥusain Buk̲h̲ārī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 69 (ah 1101/1689–90).

(31)

Kitāb al-nujūm maʾk̲h̲ūd̲h̲ az kitāb i Jadwal i Aḥmad b. M. [b.] ʿAbd al-Jalīl i S̲h̲ajarī¹²³ u Abū Jaʿfar i Balk̲h̲ī u Abū Maʿs̲h̲ar i falakī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702 no. 76 (ah 1113/1701–2).

(32)

Kitāb i ābk̲h̲wur i zan u s̲h̲auhar u muwāfaqat u muk̲h̲ālafat i miyānah i īs̲h̲ān, on predicting the outcome of marriages by astrology: Blochet iv 2409 (2) (late 17th cent.).

(33)

Kitāb i haiʾat (beg. Āg̲h̲āz kardīm ba-farruk̲h̲ī u fīrūzī u bak̲h̲tyārī u rūzgār i guzīdah padīd kardan i ʿilm i haiʾat i ʿālam u aflāk …), in twenty bābs: Leyden iii p. 156 no. 1195 (50 foll. N.d.).

(34)

Kullīyāt i nujūm: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702 (ah 1211/ 1796–7).

(35)

Lubāb dar dānistan i usṭurlāb (beg. A. b. īn risālah īst musammā ba-Lubāb d. d. i u. mus̲h̲tamil bar c̲h̲ihil bāb … Bāb i awwal dar alqāb ʿIlāqah ān-ast kih): Browne Pers. Cat. 327 (5), Ethé 2257.

(36)

Majmūʿah i S̲h̲amsī, on modern astronomy, translated, according to Ethé, from the English of W. Hunter: Ethé 2953 (23 foll. N.d.), Rehatsek p. 40 no. 75.

Edition: Majmū ‘ah i s̲h̲amsī. The Mejmua Shemsi …, a summary of the Copernican system of astronomy [compiled from European sources]. ¶ Translated into Persian [by Abū ’l-K̲h̲air b. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn] under the superintendence of W. Hunter.¹²⁴ A new edition. Calcutta 1826°* (Education Press. 74 pp.).

(37)

(Manẓūmah dar haiʾat) (beg. S̲h̲ukr u minnat K̲h̲udā-yi ʿālam rā), in several faṣls: Leyden iii p. 151 no. 1185 (44 foll. ah 689/1290).

(38)

(Manzūmah dar ittiṣālāt), in sections varying in metre and rhyme: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 154 (defective at both ends, beginning Dāʾirah i ittiṣālāt i qamar ba-kawākib i dīgar dar burj i T̲h̲aur. 104 foll. Presented by Nādir S̲h̲āh).

(39)

(Manẓūmah dar nujūm) (beg. c̲h̲ūn dawāʾir bā aqālīm i ʿinān [sic?] * Dabt s̲h̲ud bi-s̲h̲nū masīr i ak̲h̲tarān; end War ʿadad k̲h̲wāhī zi abyātas̲h̲ tamām * Yak-hazār-ast u c̲h̲il u nuh wa-’l-salām: Cataloghi iii p. 316 no. 29 (2) (Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana).

(40)

Maʿrifat i ʿamal bi-’l-usṭurlāb, by ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Aḥmad Ḥusain: Āṣafīyah i p. 820 no. 156.

(41)

al-Maṣābīḥ al-Sulṭānīyah fī ’l-abʿād al-nujūmī yah wa-’l-ajrām al-basīṭah: Browne Suppt. 1193 (88 foll. ah 1250/1834–5).

(42)

Maṭāliʿ al-Hind (muntak̲h̲ab): Āṣafīyah ii p. 1704.

(43)

Maṭāliʿ al-nujūm: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 170 (defective at both ends. 22 foll.).

(44)

Maulūd-nāmah, on horoscopes: Rehatsek p. 38 no. 72 (1).

(45)

K. al-Miʾah wa-’l-ʿis̲h̲rīn fī ṭarīq jadwal al-sittīn¹²⁵ (beg. al-H. l. R. al-ʿā.): Cairo p. 513.

(46)

Miftāḥ al-nujūm, by Abū ’l-Ḥasan Ajōd’hī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1704 no. 71 (ah 1271/1854–5).

(47)

Miftāḥ al-nujūm (beg. Baʿd az ḥ. u sp. i S̲h̲īrāzah-band i S̲h̲ams u Qamar), in nine bābs, a translation of the (Sanskrit or Hindī?) Jātakābharan: Lahore Univ. (ah 1247/1831. 14 foll. See ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 104).

(48)

Miqyās al-afkār li-ḍabṭ sāʿāt al-nahār, on the sundial, by M. b. Ilāhī Bak̲h̲s̲h̲ ʿAẓīmābādī: ʿAẓīmābād [i.e. Patna], [18?*] (ʿAẓīm al-maṭābiʿ. 27 pp.).

(49)

Miʿrāj al-samāʾ (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. i bīrūn az sarḥadd i ḥaṣr u qiyās Ḥakīmī rā rawā-st), on astronomy, composed by Qāsim b. M. Ḥusain at the request of Mīrzā M. Ṭāhir majlis-nawīs and divided into two muqaddamahs, fifteen maqālahs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Rāmpūr (Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 254).

(50)

¶ Muk̲h̲taṣar dar bayān i ʿilm i k̲h̲uṭūṭ i uṣṭurlāb: see Ṣanʿat i uṣṭurlāb below.

(51)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar madk̲h̲al i nujūmī (beg. Sp. i bī-q. Mubdiʿī rā kih Kāna ’llāhu wa-lam yakun … aḍʿaf al-ʿibād M. b. N. b. Ḥ … muk̲h̲taṣarī d. m. i n.), elementary astrology by M. b. Nāṣir b. Ḥamzah al-ʿAlawī al-Rāzī: Āyā Ṣōfyah 2672 (5) (foll. 69–72. ah 689/1290. Krause p. 520).

(52)

(Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i baʿḍī az mansūbāt u ik̲h̲tiyārāt i nujūmī (beg. Baʿd i ḥ. i Allāh taʿālā u naʿt i Rasūl bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st mufīd d. m. i b. az m….), in five chapters, by [?] Ḥusām al-K̲h̲aṭībī known as (al-mus̲h̲tahir) K̲h̲iṭābī [probably only the copyist]: Berlin 5 (5).

(53)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i kurah (beg. Bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st …), in forty-one bābs: Berlin 326 (3).

(54)

(Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i taqwīm) (beg. Baʿd i sp. i bī-q. K̲h̲udāwandī-rā ʿazza wa-jall), very short, in three qisms, by M. Sirāj: Ethé 2250 (5 foll. ah 1019/1610 (?)).

(55)

(Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i taqwīm (beg. In muk̲h̲aṣarī-st), in twelve chapters: Dorn 317 (5) (foll. 66–74).

(56)

(Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb) (beg…. Bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st d. m. i u. mus̲h̲tamil bar muqaddamah u bīst bāb), by K̲h̲iḍr-S̲h̲āh Efendī: Dorn p. 306 no. 317 (3) (foll. 26–55. ah 809/1406–7), possibly also Ethé 2256 (1) (ah 1056/ 1646), and Berlin 326 (1).

(57)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i uṣṭurlāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. a. b. bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st dar maʿrifat i uṣṭurlāb), in a muqaddamah, eleven faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bodleian 1507 (foll. 80b–87b. Circ. ah 868/1463–4).

(58)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar maʿrifat i uṣṭurlāb (beg. A. b. bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st d. m. i u. mus̲h̲tamil bar muqaddamah u pānzdah faṣl u k̲h̲ātimah ammā muqaddamah ān-ast kih ajzā wai-rā [?]): Āyā Ṣōfyah 2672 (4) (foll. 65–9. ah 689/1290. Krause p. 526), 2617 (3) (?), Sarāy 3327 (5) (10 foll. ah 703/1303–4. Krause ibid.), possibly also Dorn 317 (1) (foll. 4–11).

(59)

Muk̲h̲taṣar dar ṣanʿat i kurah (beg. Īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st …), in three unnumbered faṣls: Berlin 326 (4).

(60)

Muk̲h̲taṣar fī maʿrifat al-taqwīm wa-’l-usṭurlāb wa-mawāqīt al-ṣalawāt al-k̲h̲ams wa-ʿilm aḥkām al-nujūm, in four qisms and nine bābs, by Jamāl al-Dīn Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. M. al-Tarqī:¹²⁶ Leyden iii p. 147 no. 1176 (30 foll.).

(61)

¶ Nujūm al-ʿulūm, an anonymous work on astronomy, astrology, talismans, magic, etc.: A. Chester Beatty (ah 978/ 1570–1. See Rūpam, Calcutta 1927, p. 4).

(62)

Qawāʿid i brik’h phal [spelling?]: Lahore Univ. (ah 1229/1814. ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 105 ult.).

(63)

(Qawāʿid i tawārīk̲h̲ i mas̲h̲hūrah) (beg. D̲h̲ikr i tārīk̲h̲ i Hijrī. Bi-dān-kih ʿArab rā), a short tract on the Zoroastrian (“Qadmy Yazdajardy”), Alexandrine, Faṣlī and various Hindu eras: Rehatsek p. 34 no. 64 (4), Ross and Browne 256 (4) (transcribed from the preceding ms. in 1281/1864).

(64)

Qirānāt i Muḥammad i Bakrānī: see Tatimmah … below (no. 123).

(65)

(Risālah dar ʿamal i rubʿ i mujaiyab), in fifteen bābs: Dresden 23 (4) (foll. 12–28).

(66)

Risālah dar ʿamal i rubʿ i mujaiyab (beg. al-H. l…. īn risālah īst dar maʿrifat i ʿamal i rubʿ i mujaiyab kih ān-rā rubʿ al-dastūr k̲h̲wānand), anonymous, in seventy short faṣls: Ivanow Curzon 578 (ah 1168/1755).

(67)

Risālah dar aʿmāl i rubʿ i mujaiyab (beg. (Bkp. ms.) Ḥ. i bī-nihāyat ʿAlīmī rā u t̲h̲. i bī-g̲h̲āyat Ḥakīmī rā kih rubʿ i maskūn ba-ʿalam i ʿilm i ‘ulamā u ḥikmat i ḥukamā), a tract on the quadrant, by Nūr [al-Dīn b.] Sirāj [al-Dīn], in a muqaddamah, nineteen bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr xvii 1649 (defective. Probably ah 1051/1641–2), Rieu ii 827b (ah 1215/1801), and probably also, in spite of differences, Bodleian 1545 (4) (Risālah i rubʿīyah, apparently anonymous, in twenty-one bābs (or twenty-two according to the preface), beginning Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. mar ʿAlīmī rā kih rubʿ i maskūn mus̲h̲arraf gardānīdah ba-ʿilm i ʿulamā u ḥikmat i ḥukamā. N.d.).

(68)

Risālah dar aʿmāl i rubʿ i mujaiyab: Peshawar 1724 (4).

(69)

(Risālah dar bayān i ittiṣāl i kawākib (beg. Faṣl d. b. i i. i k.: Qirān i Mus̲h̲tarī bā Zuḥal): Cairo p. 513.

(70)

(Risālah dar haiʾat), by Abū ’l-Fatḥ b. Abī ’l-Naṣr al-Saʿīdī, dedicated to Amīr Jalāl al-Dīn Bāyazīd and divided into a muqaddamah, six ṭabaqahs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1279/1862–3. See ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 104).

(71)

(Risālah dar haiʾat), by Ḥusain b. ʿAẓīm b. Ḥusain al-Iṣfahānī: Āṣafīyah i p. 814 no. 219.

(72)

(Risālah dar haiʾat), by M. Qāsim munajjim: Princeton 439 (vol. i only. N.d.).

(73)

(Risālah dar haiʾat), in two maqālahs, of which the first contains fifteen faṣls or bābs (? “sectiones”) and the second twelve: Leyden iii p. 151 no. 1186 (acephalous. 28 foll. ah 883/1478–9. Cf. Leyden v p. 245).

(74)

¶ (Risālah dar haiʾat) (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. u ḥ. i bī-q. mar Ṣāniʿī rā kih Naqqās̲h̲), in a muqaddamah and three bābs, apparently the work ascribed to Bīrjandī in Bodleian 1541 (cf. p. 68 supra): Lahore Univ. (ah 1205/1790–1. 40 foll. ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 105).

(75)

Risālah dar haiʾat (beg. al-Ḥ. li-walīyihi),¹²⁷ in a muqaddamah, three bābs ((1) dar maʿrifat i haiʾat u s̲h̲umārah i aflāk, (2) dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb, (3) dar s̲h̲ināsāʾī i haiʾat i zamīn) and a k̲h̲ātimah (dar maʿrifat i qiblah u ik̲h̲tiyārāt): Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 16.

(76)

(Risālah dar haiʾat), without preface, in a muqaddamah (geometry and arithmetic), two maqālahs ((1) astronomy, (2) geography) and a k̲h̲ātimah (sidereal distances), by M. Yūsuf b. Ḥusain K̲h̲ān: Blochet iv 2332 (1) (51 foll. ah 1117/1705).

(77)

Risālah dar haiʾat (beg. Bāb i awwal dar ṣifat i kurah u dawāʾir u rusūm …), in thirty-four short bābs without preface: Bodleian 1545 (2) (foll. 78–80).

(78)

Risālah dar hailājāt u kadk̲h̲udāh¹²⁸ u ʿaṭīyah i ʿumr: Blochet ii 784 (4) (16th cent.). For similar tracts see Leyden iii p. 155 no. 1192, p. 158 no. 1196 (12) (f).

(79)

(Risālah dar ʿilm i nujūm) (beg. Ḥ. i ʿalā ’l-iṭlāq u t̲h̲. yi ba-istiḥqāq Āfrīdgārī rā kih az wujūd faiyāḍ), on the signs of the Zodiac and similar matters by an anonymous author who mentions the three great masters K̲h̲wājah Ẓahīr … al-Dīn ʿAlī, K̲h̲wājah Naṣīr … al-Dīn Muẓaffar and K̲h̲wājah S̲h̲araf … al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Salām: Bodleian 1544 (1) (defective at end. 27 foll.).

(80)

(Risālah dar ʿilm i nujūm) (beg. Ḥ. u sp. i bī-ʿadd K̲h̲udāy-rā sazad kih ṣafāʾiḥ i ṣaḥāʾif), astrology in a muqaddamah, three bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah, by Isḥāq i munajjim b. Yūsuf i ṭabīb: Bodleian 1548 (foll. 48–58).

(81)

(Risālah dar ʿilm i nujūm), without preface or author’s name, in ten bābs ((1) dar dānistan i qawāʿid i ʿilm i taksīr, (2) dar dānistan i k̲h̲ānahā-yi sitāragān, and so on): Edinburgh 260 (58 foll. Circ. ah 1108/1696).

(82)

Risālah dar maʿrifat i ālāt i raṣad u uṣṭurlāb wa-g̲h̲airah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. bi-’l-yumn wa-’l-iqbāl c̲h̲ūn az risālah i … [blank space] fārig̲h̲ s̲h̲udam), in a muqaddamah and three maqālahs containing respectively seventeen, five and four bābs; Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 365⁹, Berlin 333 (80 foll.), 326 (5) ¶ (breaks off in Bāb 2 of Maqālah i). For a S̲h̲arḥ i Risālah i ālāt i raṣadīyah see no. (113) below.

(83)

Risālah dar maʿrifat i aʿmāl i rubʿ i muqanṭar (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), in a muqaddamah, ten bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah, by Ḥasan [b.?] Muḥammad: Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 89 (12 foll).

(84)

(Risālah dar maʿrifat i kurah) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Faṣl i awwal dar maʿrifat i ʿamal bar kurah kardan), in twenty-six short faṣls: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2324 (11 foll. 17th cent.).

(85)

Risālah dar maʿrifat i kurah (al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Bi-dān-kih īn kitābī-st dar maʿrifat i kurah kih har kih bar-īn ʿamal wāqif s̲h̲awad az usṭurlāb mustag̲h̲nī gardad), in thirty bābs: Lahore Univ. (21 foll. See ocm. x/3 p. 102), Madrās ii 637 (43 pp.).

(86)

Risālah dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb (beg. C̲h̲unīn gūyad K̲h̲wājah i Imām … Tāj … al-Dīn … Abū Fatḥ … Ḥaidar b. al-Ḥusain … k̲h̲wāstam kih andar bāb i maʿrifat i usṭurlāb suk̲h̲an i c̲h̲and yād kunam), in nine faṣls, by Abū ’l-Fatḥ Ḥaidar b. al-Ḥusain al-Iklīlī al-G̲h̲aznawī commonly called ʿIrāqī: Bodleian 1509 (n.d.).

(87)

(Risālah dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), composed by M. b. ʿAlī al-Mūsawī at the request of Amīr i Sifah-sālār i ajall Saiyid i walī al-niʿam Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Jamāl al-Islām and divided into two qisms, the first in thirty-two short bābs, the second in forty: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2325 (breaks off in Bāb 36. 17th cent.).

(88)

(Risālah dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb) (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd Qādirī-rā kih ba-badāʾiʿ i fiṭrat), in one hundred, bābs, by Nūr Allāh b. M. Ḥasanī S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī: Bānkīpūr xi 1059 (84 foll. 19th cent.), 1060 (50 foll. 19th cent.).

(89)

(Risālah dar taqwīm), by ʿAbd al-G̲h̲affār Rūdmālī, in a muqaddamah and two bābs: Browne Suppt. 1494 (1) (8 foll. ah 1064/1654).

(90)

(Risālah dar ṭawāliʿ) (beg…. dalīl buwad kih ʿazīz al-nafs u girāmī u nīk-bak̲h̲t): Ivanow 1492 (2) (foll. 21–36. ah 962/1555).

(91)

(Risālah fī ḥarakat al-iltifāf wa-maʿdil al-masīr wa-kaifīyat ʿurūḍ al-kawākib), by an anonymous author who mentions at the beginning the astronomers Abū ʿAlī al-Nasawī and Abū ʿUbaid al-Jūzajānī:¹²⁹ Leyden iii p. 146 no. 1174 (11 pp.).

(92)

Risālah i jōtis̲h̲,¹³⁰ by Muns̲h̲ī Bansī Rām: Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1229/1814. See ocm. x/3 p. 105).

(93)

¶ Risālah i maʿrifat i aʿmāl i rubʿ i mujaiyab, by ʿAṭāʾ Allāh Qārī: Āṣafīyah i p. 810 no. 72 (ah 1259/1843), p. 812 no. 136, possibly also Berlin 335 (in 15 or 16 faṣls. Author said to be K̲h̲wājah ʿA. A. al-munajjim. Foll. 36–55).

(94)

Risālah i maʿrifat i taqwīm i tāmm: Āṣafīyah i p. 812 no. 175 (ah 1023/1614).

(95)

Risālah i nujūm, by S. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿUt̲h̲mān al-Faiḍ: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 44.

(96)

(Risālah i nujūm), by Bīrbal:¹³¹ Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 50.

(97)

Risālah i nujūm, by Jamāl al-Dīn ʿAbbāsī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700 no. 73.

(98)

Risālah i rubʿīyah: see Risālah dar aʿmāl i rubʿ i mujaiyab (no. (67) above).

(99)

Risālah i saʿd u naḥs: see Tawakkul-nāmah i haftah below.

(100)

Risālah i samt i qiblah, by S̲h̲. ʿAbd Allāh: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1118 no. 59 (under Fiqh i Ḥanafī).

(101)

(Risālah i samt i qiblah) (beg. Ḥ. i bisyār u t̲h̲. i bī-s̲h̲umār mar ḥaḍrat i Malikī rā kih asbāb), on the ṣanʿah i kurah, etc., in unnumbered faṣls, by ʿAlī al-Jafrī al-Rūmī al-Ḥasanī: Berlin 326 (2).

(102)

(Risālah i samt i qiblah) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. wa-’l-ṣ…. a. b. īn bāb-ast dar ʿilm i adillah i qiblah), in seven faṣls: Berlin 3 (3) (1 fol. Old).

(103)

(Risālah i samt i qiblah) (beg. Dar maʿrifat i jihat i qiblah. Bi-bāyad dānist kih ṭūl i Makkah az Jazāʾir i K̲h̲ālidāt), with a diagram for Yazd: Blochet ii 772 (6) (early 17th cent.).

(104)

Risālah i samt i qiblah (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u g̲h̲āyat u sp. i bī-q. u nihāyat): Ivanow Curzon 576 (5 foll. ah 1005/ 1597 (?)).

(105)

Risālah i taqwīm (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. Maʿbūdī rā ʿaẓumat kibriyāʾuhu rasad), in twelve sections and a k̲h̲ātimah: Būhār 220 fol. 424 sqq. (19th cent.).

(106)

Risālah i taqwīm (beg. Īn risālah īst dar dānistan i taqwīm mus̲h̲tamil bar s̲h̲ānzdah bāb): Vatican Pers. 67 (14 foll. 17th cent. Rossi p. 90).

(107)

Risālah i tas̲h̲rīḥ i s̲h̲afaq i ṣubḥ, by S̲h̲āh Yūsuf Ḥusain Makkī Qādirī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1700.

(108)

Saʿādat-nāmah, on astrology, in twelve bābs: Blochet iv 2406 fol. 72 sqq. (ah 1041/1632).

(109)

Ṣad bāb dar usṭurlāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. a. b. īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st mus̲h̲­tamil bar ṣad bāb): Ivanow 1500 (4) (late 18th cent.), Āṣafīyah i p. 818 no. 114.

(110)

K. i Ṣanʿat al-uṣturlāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Īn kitābī ast muk̲h̲taṣar dar bayān i ʿilm i k̲h̲uṭūṭ i uṣṭurlāb), by Abū ’l-Futūḥ Asʿad b. Abī ’l-Faḍāʾil b. K̲h̲ālid al-ʿIjlī,¹³² who seems to have lived in Iṣfahān and who wrote also a ¶ Persian work mentioned in Taeschner’s Futuwwa-Studien (Islamica v (1932) p. 313): Istānbūl Sarāy 3483 (20) (10 foll. 8th/14th or 9th/15th cent. Krause p. 515), also Leyden iii p. 151 no. 1184 (M. d. b. i ʿi. i k̲h̲. i u. Author’s name not mentioned. 8 foll. ah 676/1277–8).

(111)

Sarīrah i jānī, an astrological work on the selection of propitious days abridged from “a Sanskrit book called Sulub Shaster” [Śilpa-śāstra?]: Rehatsek p. 19 no. 33 (3).

(112)

S̲h̲amʿ al-yaqīn (muntak̲h̲ab): Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702.

(113)

S̲h̲arḥ i Risālah i ālāt i raṣadīyah: Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 129 (ah 1033/1623–4).

(114)

S̲h̲arḥ i Risālah i rubʿ i mujaiyab: Āṣafīyah i p. 816 no. 116.

(115)

Sī bāb dar maʿrifat i usṭurlāb (beg. Bi-dān-kih ba-zabān i Yūnānī tarāzū rā ʾsṭr gūyand): Kapūrt’halah (see ocm. iii/4 (Aug. 1927) p. 6).

(116)

Sī faṣl dar ʿilm i nujūm, stated in the ms. to be by K̲h̲wājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, probably through confusion with that author’s Sī faṣl dar maʿrifat i taqwīm (see pl. ii § 19 no. (10)): Ethé 2254 (1) (acephalous. 33 foll. ah 1004/1596).

(117)

Tabṣirat al-ik̲h̲wān (beg. Sp. i gardūn-asās i falak-kiryās [insert Malik i kibriyāʾī?] rā kih mas̲h̲āʿil i anjum), on astronomy, etc., in twelve mirʾāts: Tashkent Acad. i 523 (61 foll. ah 1195/1781).

(118)

Ṭāliʿ-nāmah: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1702, nos. 96, 94, 85.

(119)

Ṭāliʿ-nāmah i zanān, on the influence of the signs of the Zodiac on the character of women: Blochet iv 2410.

(120)

(Tanjīm) (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. mar K̲h̲udāwand u Āfrīdahgār [sic] rā s̲h̲. u sp. K̲h̲āliq i Lail u Nahār rā), on Indian astrology and magic: Ethé 2269 (much damaged. 91 foll.).

(121)

Taqwīm i bāstānī, the opinions of certain eminent Parsees of Bombay on the adoption by the Persian Government of the old Parsee calendar: Bombay 1926* (British India Press. 16 pp.).

(122)

Tas̲h̲rīḥ dar pargār (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-q. K̲h̲āliqī-rā kih pargār i āfrīnis̲h̲ i falak i dawwār), by an author whose name has been erased (possibly Qāsim ʿAlī Qāʾinī: see pl. ii § 135, where some other mss., apparently of this work, are mentioned): D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 188, Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, mss., no. 39 (154 foll. ah 1067/1656–7).

(123)

Tatimmah i Qirānāt i Muḥammad i Bakrānī (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. īn risālah Tatimmah … ast), on conjunctions in the years 860/1455 to 1080/1669 (so Bkp. cat.), or in “806, 807, 810, 827, 847, 849, etc.” (so Blochet): Blochet ii 784 (3) (16th cent.), Bānkīpūr xi 1054 (7 foll. 17th cent.).

(124)

¶ Tawakkul-nāmah i haftah, or Risālah i saʿd u naḥs (beg. Mī bāyad kih har kārī): Madrās i 255 (f) (6 pp.).

(125)

Ṭawāliʿ i mawālīd al-insān, in twenty-two chapters: Cataloghi p. 316 no. 29 (3) (foll. 116–32. Bibl. Medicea Laurenziana).

(126)

(Ṭawāliʿ i mīlādī) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.): Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 17, no. 135 (28 foll. Presented in 1166/1753).

(127)

Tuḥfat al-ʿawārif, elementary astrology, in verse (at any rate as regards Blochet iv 2159 (5)), said to have been composed by Buzurjmihr at the instance of K̲h̲usrau Anūs̲h̲irwān for the guidance of his son Hurmuz: Blochet iv 2159 (5) (17th cent.), 2408 (2) (ah 1145/1732).

An untitled astrological work in prose ascribed to Buzurjmihr is Rosen Institut 108 (5) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-’l-ʿāqibatu … a. b. īn risālah dar bāb i risālah [sic] i ṭālīʿ i bīmārān az taṣnīf [sic lege] i K̲h̲wājah Abūzurjmihr i ḥakīm farmūd bāyad kih nām i ū u nām i mādar i ū ba-ḥisāb i abjad bi-gīrad).

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Tuḥfat al-ustād [sic, for al-ustād̲h̲] (beg. Ḥ. mar Maḥmūdī rā-st kih maḥāmid), directions for finding the qiblah, by Abū ʼl-Qāsim, known as (al-mas̲h̲hūr bi-) Buqrāṭ, Samarqandī, who dedicated the work to his teacher Yūsuf Qarābāg̲h̲ī: Bombay Univ. p. 260 no. 181 (foll. 71–7. Autograph, written at Kābul dar sāl i hazār u sāl [sic?] u nuh).

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Zāʾic̲h̲ah-nāmah, by Kirpā-Rām K’hatrī:¹³³ Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1247/1831. See ocm. x/3 p. 105).

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Zīj, an unidentified fragment: Gotha Arab. cat. v p. 499 no. 38* (31 foll.).

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Zīj i manẓūm (beg. Ḥamd bi-gūyam bī-ʿadad mar K̲h̲āliq i jinn u bas̲h̲ar): Cairo p. 528.

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Zīj i ṭailasān: Leyden iii p. 147 no. 1175 (defective. 7 foll. Circ. ah 610. 1213–14).

next chapter: 4 Geography, Etc.