In Volume 4: Law; Tradition; Religion; Sufism; Bahāʾism Prayers; Hinduism; Translations from Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian Languages, Ethics; Philosophy; Logic

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¶ § 340. The sixth of the Twelve Imāms, Jaʿfar b. M. al-Ṣādiq, died at al-Madīnah in 148/765 (see Ency. Isl. Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 104).

(Tauḥīd al-Mufaḍḍal), an Arabic discourse on the evidences for the existence, unity and attributes of God, said to have been dictated by the Imām to his disciple al-Mufaḍdal b. ʿUmar al-Juʿfī: i.ḥ. p. 430 no. 2390, D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 482, Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 104, Mas̲h̲had v pp. 54–5.

Persian translations:

(1)

Tarjamah i Ḥadīt̲h̲ i Mufaddal (beg. Āfrīn Jān-āfrīn i Pāk rā … Ṭarāwat-fizā-yi azhār), completed in 1065/1654 by Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Mā-warāʾ-al-Nahrī (cf. pl. iv no. 308 supra) for a certain Hājī Nadir ʿAlī: Maʿārif i 43 (174 foll. Apparently autograph).

(2)

Tarjamah i Tauḥīd i Mufaḍdal (beg. al-Ḥ. l ’l. hadānā ilā tauḥīdihi), dedicated to S̲h̲āh Sulaimān (ah 1077–1105/1666–94) by M. Bāqir Majlisī (see pl. i no. 247, Add. ad loc., etc.): i.ḥ. p. 120 no. 570, D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 91, Rieu ii p. 845 a (early 18th cent), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss., p. 10 no. 3 (ah 1162/1749), Ross & Browne 6 (ah 1170/1756–7), Mas̲h̲had v p. 42 no. 417.

Edition: [Persia] 1287/1870 (D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 91).

§ 341. Abū Yaʿqūb al-Sijistānī was living in 360/971 (see Kas̲h̲f al-maḥjūb editor’s introduction p. 9).

Kas̲h̲f al-maḥjūb: Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 323.

Persian version: Tihrān 1949 (ed. H. Corbin from a ms. which belonged to the late S. Naṣr Allāh Taqawī).¹

§ 342. M. b. ʿAlī … Ibn Bābawaih al-Qummī called al-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Ṣadūq died at Raiy in 381/991–2 (see pl. iii no. 671).

(1)

al-Iʿtiqādāt, or Iʿtiqādāt al-Imāmīyah, in forty-four chapters (see i.ḥ. 239, Brockelmann i p. 187, Sptbd. i p. 322).

Translations and commentaries:

(a) Tarjamah i Risālah i Iʿtiqādīyah (beg. Baʿd az maḥāmid i wāfiyāt), dedicated to a princess (S̲h̲āh-zādah i Mihīn Bānū Sulṭānum) by Abū ’l-Fatḥ Ḥusainī [see pl. i no. 21, Add. ad loc., 1357 Revised edition]: Ivanow Curzon 386 (18th cent.), Majlis 621 (18) (defective).

(b) (Tarjamah i Iʿtiqādāt) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲alaqa ’l-samāwāti wa-’l-arḍ), prepared by ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥusain Rustamdārī on the eve of his departure from Tabrīz and divided into 34 bābs: Bānkīpūr xiv 1328 (19th cent.).

¶ (c) Ḥall al-ʿAqāʾid (beg. Wird i zabān i ḥāl), a translation and commentary by M. b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. al-Astarābādī: Bānkīpūr xiv 1329 (ah 1204/1789–90).

(2)

T̲h̲awāb al-aʿmāl. i.ḥ 733, Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 322, D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 18 no. 77.

Persian translation: Tarjamah i T̲h̲. Al-aʿ., by Āqā Najafī (M. Taqī b. M. Bāqir Iṣfahānī, d. 1332/1914: see pl. i no. 311 (15), ii no. 843, etc.): [Persia] (D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 93 no. 421, Mas̲h̲had v p. 248 no. 403).

§ 343. Probably to the 4th/10th or 5th/11th century belongs:

Umm al-kitāb (beg. Bi-smi ’llāh wa-bi-’llāh wa-mina ’llāh Hād̲h̲ā ʿahd munājāti ’llāh), a S̲h̲īʿite work (not Ismāʿīlī, but probably influenced by Ismāʿīlī ideas) professing to give the answers of the Imām M. al-Bāqir to thirty-eight questions asked by Jābir al-Anṣārī: Leningrad Asiat. Mus. (two mss., one a Zarubin ms. dated ah 1296/1879 (see W. Ivanow’s description in Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1917, pp. 362–5), the other a Semenov ms. (see Semenovʾs description in the same Bulletin, 1918, pp. 2171–2202) together with photostats of another dated 1324/1906), Bombay (two poor mss. See Ivanowʾs edition p. 1).

Edition: Ummu ’l-kitāb. Edited by W. Ivanow (in Der Islam, xxiii (1936) pp. 1–132).

Description and discussion: “Notes sur l’Ummu ’l-kitāb”, by W. Ivanow (in Revue des Études Islamiques, 1932, pp. 419–82).

§ 344. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusain b. ʿAbd Allāh Ibn Sīnā was born at Afs̲h̲anah near Buk̲h̲ārā in 370/980 and died at Hamadān in 428/1037 (see pl. ii no. 4, Add. ad loc., etc.).

(1)

Miʿrāj-nāmah, or Risālāh i miʿrāj, or S̲h̲arḥ i Miʿrāj (beg. Sp. K̲h̲udāwand i āsmān u zamīn rā): Ḥ.K̲h̲. iii p. 433. For mss. See pl. i no. 260 (a) (12) footnote; also Rieu ii 834a, Cureton-Rieu 978(18), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 145 no. 700, p. 248 nos. 1013 (old, 12th or 13th cent.), 1014.

Edition: Miʿrāj-nāmah, Ras̲h̲t ah 1352/ahs 1312/1933–4‡ (Urwat al-wut̲h̲qā Pr. Ed. with introduction by Bahman Karīmī. Pp. 39; 38. Cf Mas̲h̲had iv p. 353).

(2)

al-Risālat al-Aḍḥawīyah, in Arabic, on the future life: see D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 213 penult., Brockelmann i p. 454 (11), Sptbd. i p. 814 (11).

Persian translation: Tarjamat al-R. al-A. (beg. Sp. u t̲h̲. Āfrīdgār i jahān), by an anonymous author, Bodleian 1422 (5).

§ 345. Abū Bakr Ahmad b. al-Ḥusain al-Baihaqī died at Nīs̲h̲āpūr in 458/1066 (see Brockelmann i p. 363, Sptbd. i p. 618).

¶ al-Jāmiʿ al-muṣannaf fī s̲h̲uʿab al-īmān, or S̲h̲uʿab al-īmān. Ḥ.K̲h̲. ii p. 576, iv p. 49¹, Brockelmann i p. 363, Sptbd. i p. 619.

Arabic abridgement: Muk̲h̲taṣar S̲h̲uʿab al-īmān, by Abū Jaʿfar ʿUmar al-Qazwīnī (so Brockelmann, according to whom he died in 699/1299: the Persian translator calls him Sirāj al-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar Qazwīnī).

Persian translation of the abridgement: Tarjamah i S̲h̲uʿab al-īmān (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. Allāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim ʿalā ʿabdika wa-ḥabībika), in a muqaddimah, seventy-seven s̲h̲uʿbahs, and a k̲h̲ātimah, the first and the last as well as some other matter having been added by the translator, M. b. ʿAbd Allāh b. M. al-Ījī (or Nūr al-Dīn b. Jalāl al-Dīn, as he is called in the Būhār ms., correctly enough probably, since according to Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 241¹⁰ al-Ījī’s laqab was Nūr al-Dīn), who completed in 763/1362 (or 858?) his Sirāj al-ṭālibīn, a commentary on the Arbaʿīn of al-Nawawī (pl. iv no. 294(1) supra): Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 4, mss., no. 140 (ah 885/1480–1), Būhār 126 (damaged, ah 1105/1693–4).

§ 346. Nāṣir ibn K̲h̲usrau, the Ismāʿīlī propagandist, died probably in, or about, 481/1088 (see pl. i no. 1589).

(1)

Gus̲h̲āyis̲h̲ u rahāyis̲h̲ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. īn muk̲h̲taṣar c̲h̲and masāʾil i muk̲h̲talaf fīhi ast), answers to thirty questions.

Edition: Kitab-i Gusha’ish wa raha’ish (The Book of Unfettering and Liberation) by Nasir-i Khusraw. Edited … by Dr. Sa’id Nafisi [from a ms belonging to S. Naṣr Allāh Taqawī²]: Leyden (Bombay printed) 1950 (The Ismaili Society. Series A, 5. 125 pp.).

(2)

K̲h̲iwān al-ik̲h̲wān (or K̲h̲wān i ik̲h̲wān), [a “forestudy” for the Zād al-musāfirīn (no. (5) below): Āyā Ṣūfīyah 1778 (ah 862/1458. Cf. W. Ivanow, Problems in Nasir-i Khusraw’s Biography, Bombay 1956, p. 60). v.s.]

Edition: Cairo 1359/1940 (ed. Yaḥyā al-K̲h̲as̲h̲s̲h̲āb. See ibid. and Gus̲h̲āyis̲h̲ u rahāyis̲h̲, editor’s introd., p. 3).

(3)

S̲h̲as̲h̲ faṣl i Saiyid Nāṣir [a short, elementary treatise on Ismailism.

Edition: Bombay 1949 (The Ismaili Society Series B no. 6, ed. W. Ivanow, see his Problems p. 68). v.s.]

(4)

Wajh i dīn. [mss: in British Library (ah 929/1523), a copy dated ah 1155/1742 in W. Ivanow’s possession and a modern copy (ah 1324/1906) in Leningrad (Problems pp. 58–9). v.s.]

Edition. Berlin 1343/1925* (ed. T. Īrānī. 304 pp.).

(5)

Zād al-musāfirīn, composed in 453/1061, theology and metaphysics: Bodleian iii 2669 (17th cent. Followed by Risālah dar jawāb i nawad u yak ¶ fiqrah (Ivanow Guide no. 603), Blochet i 161, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 158 no. 742, Majlis 124, Browne Suppt. 730 (King’s 216).

Edition. Berlin 1341/1923* (ed. M. Bad̲h̲l al-Raḥmān. 518 pp.).

(6)

Kalām i Pīr, or Haft bāb, ascribed wrongly (see Ivanow’s introduction) to Nāṣir i K̲h̲usrau: Bombay (?) (ah 1207/1794), Bombay Muk’hī M. Mīr’s private library (ah 1219/1804), Leningrad Asiat. Mus. (2 mss., one from S̲h̲ughnān dated ah 1321/1904, the other of 1333/1915, and photostats of a third ms.).

Edition with English translation: Kalami Pir, a treatise on Ismaili doctrine, also (wrongly) called Haft-bābi Shah Sayyid Nasir edited … and translated … by W. Ivanow. Bombay 1935‡ (117; 146 pp. Islamic Research Association Series, no. 4).

§ 347. [S.] Abū ’l-Maʿālī M. [b. Niʿmat Allāh] b. ʿUbaid Allāh [b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan.. b. al-Ḥusain al-Aṣg̲h̲ar b. al-Imām al-Sajjād].³

Bayān al-adyān (beg. (in Blochet 159(7)) Asāmī i ahl i bidʿat), completed in 485/1092 at G̲h̲aznah and divided into five chapters: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 176, Blochet i 159(7) (lacks the end of Bāb iv and the whole of Bāb v. ah 877/1472).

Editions: (1) Schefer Chrestomathie persane i (Paris 1883) pp. 131–171; (2) Tihrān ahs 1312/1933* (ed. ʿAbbās Iqbāl. 66 pp.).

Danish translation: Abû-l-Maâlî. Fremstilling af Religionerne Oversat af Arthur Christensen, Copenhagen 1916° (Studier fra Sprog- og Oldtidsforskning, no. 101. Cf. Le Monde oriental 1911 p. 210 et seqq.).

Italian translation of Bāb ii. Il trattato persiano “Esposizione delle Religioni” di Abû ’l-Maâli. Nota del Socio Italo Pizzi (in Atti della R. Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Vol. xxxviii, Disp. 6^a, 1902–1903, pp. 86–103).

§ 348. Abū ’l-Futūḥ al-Rāzī, who has already been mentioned (pl. i no. 6, Add. ad loc.) as the author of the Rauḍ al-jinān and who was a contemporary of al-Zamak̲h̲s̲h̲arī (d. 538/1144), is described by the Persian translator of the Ḥasanīyah (according to some of the mss.) as the author of the Arabic original (which, if it even existed, seems now to be lost).

¶ Risālah i Ḥasanīyah, or Mubāḥat̲h̲ah i Ḥasanīyah, or simply Ḥasanīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. manna ʿalainā bi-maʿrifat al-anbiyāʾ wa-’l-aʾimmah),⁴ a defence of the S̲h̲īʿite creed in the form of an alleged debate at the court of Hārūn al-Ras̲h̲īd, in which Ḥasanīyāh,⁵ an accomplished slave-girl, formerly for forty years in the ḥaram of Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq, discomforts the Sunnite theologian Ibrāhīm i Naẓẓām,⁶ translated and dedicated to S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp (ah 930–84/ 1524–76) by Ibrāhīm b. Walī Allāh Astarābādī, who says that on returning from a pilgrimage he found the Arabic original in the possession of a pious Saiyid at Damascus in 958/1551: r.a.s. p. 13 (ah 958/1551), Ivanow Curzon 397 (17th cent mainly), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 93 nos. 548–9 (the former dated 1081/1670–1), Rieu i 30 a (17th cent.), Bānkīpūr xvii 1723 (18th cent.), xiv 1300 (begins without preface Riwāyat mī-kunand kih dar k̲h̲ilāfat i Hārūn i Ras̲h̲īd. 19th cent.), Āṣafīyah iii p. 546 no. 1290 (ah 1227/1812), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (ah 1238/1823. See Mélanges asiatiques v (1868) p. 458).

Editions: Iṣfahān 1244/1828–9 (see Journal Asiatique 1843 (4e série, i) p. 253 no. 173); Ṭihrān 1248/1832–3 (vid. ibid. Cf. ras. cat.), 1259/1843° (62 foll. Cf. ras. cat.); place? 1302/1884–5 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1342 no. 869, where the place of publication is not mentioned), Tihrān ahs 1333/1954‡ (appended, on pp. 278–328, to the Ḥilyat al-muttaqīn of Majlisī, Mūsawī Pr.)

Translated extract: “Translations from the Persian, illustrative of the Opinions of the Sunni and Shia Sects of Mahomedans. (Extract from the Huseneah)” by Sir J. Malcolm (in Transactions of the Literary Society of Bombay i (1819) pp. 82–8).

§ 349. Najm al-Dīn Abū Ḥafs ʿUmar b. M. al-Nasafī died at Samarqand in 537/1142 (see pl. iv no. 4 supra).

ʿAqāʾid ʿUmar al-Nasafī, a well-known Arabic creed in the form of a catechism (to be distinguished from the later creed of Ḥāfiẓ al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Nasafī).

Persian paraphrase or commentary: Irs̲h̲ād al-Muslimīn (beg. Rabbanā ātinā min ladunka raḥmat^an (so Ivanow 1073, Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 20 and Ethé 3568, but not Berlin 227, which begins, as Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad continues (after the preliminary invocation), with the words al-Ḥ. l. ¶ ’l. j. al-sunnata muʿtaṣam^an, words which are not quoted by Ivanow or Ethé and are presumably absent from the mss. (perhaps of a different recension)⁷ described by them), completed in 914/1508–9 at Harāt by Burhān⁸ al-Miskīn, as he calls himself: Ethé 2568 (ah 1083/1672), Ivanow 1073 (ah 1156/1743), Berlin 227 (ah 1241/1825), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 no. 374, Rāmpūr (= Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 20. N.d.).

Persian metrical paraphrase: (Naẓm al-ʿaqāʾid)⁹ (beg … Nah az khairam buwad ummīdwārī), composed in 1188/1774–5: Upsala Zetterstéen 378 (acephalous, but beginning in the preface. 116 foll. ah 1238/1822–3).

§ 350. M. b. ʿAbd al-Karīm al-S̲h̲ahristānī died in 548/1153 (see Brockelmann i p. 428, Sptbd. i p. 762).

al-Milal wa-’l-niḥal: see Brockelmann.

Persian translations:

(1)

Tarjamah i Milal u niḥal, or, according to Mas̲h̲had cat., Tanqīḥ al-adillah wa-’l-ʿilal fī t. k. al-M. wa-’l-n., (beg. Allāhumma ṣalli ʿalā Nāsik̲h̲ al-milal wa-Māsik̲h̲ al-niḥal), completed in 843/1439–40 by Afḍal [al-Dīn] b. Ṣadr [al-Dīn] Turkah¹⁰ Iṣfahānī and dedicated to Sulṭān S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲:¹¹ Mas̲h̲had iv p. 55 no. 429 (345 foll. ah 952/1545), Ethé 2541 (310 foll. ah 1052/1642).

(2)

Tauḍīḥ al-Milal (beg. Ḥamdī kih lamaʿāt), begun in 1020/1611 by order of Jahāngīr and completed in 1021/1612 at Lahore, the translator’s birthplace, by S̲h̲. Muṣṭafā b. K̲h̲āliq-dād Hās̲h̲imī ʿAbbāsī, who had previously ¶ translated some Hindu works for Akbar: Rieu i 139 a (300 foll. ah 1023/1614), Būhār 15 (apparently early 17th century).

(3)

“Persian epitome”: Eton 49.

§ 351. Amīr ʿAbd al-Jalīl Qazwīnī.

[Majālis al-muʾminīn pp. 208–11; Raudāt al-jannāt pp. 350–1.]

Naqḍ al-Faḍāʾiḥ (beg. Har jawāhir i maḥāmid), a reply to a Sunnī attack on the S̲h̲īʿah composed at Qazwīn after the year 556/1161 at the suggestion of the Naqīb S̲h̲araf al-Dīn Abū ’l-Faḍl M. b. ʿAlī al-Murtaḍā: i.ḥ. 3298, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 556.

§ 352. Sirāj al-Dīn ʿAlī b. ʿUt̲h̲mān al-Ūs̲h̲ī al-Farg̲h̲ānī.

Badʾ al-amālī, or Qaṣīdat yaqūlu ’l-ʿabd, a metrical summary of Islamic theology completed in 569/1173–4: See Ḥ. K̲h̲. iv p. 558, Brockelmann i p. 429, Sptbd. i p. 764.

Persian paraphrase: in Carmen arabicum Amâlî dictum … quod e codicibus mst. descriptum et in sermonem latinum conversum dissertationis loco … publice defendet P. a Bohlen [i.e. Peter von Bohlen]. Königsberg 1825°.

Persian commentaries:

(1)

S̲h̲arḥ i Qaṣīdah i Amālī, by Darwēzah Ningarhārī (see pl. iv no. 389 infra): Ivanow 1074 (ah 1128/1716), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 nos. 203, 488.

Editions: Lahore [1891°] (28 pp.); 1900° (28 pp.). place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 524).

(2)

Naẓm al-laʾālī fī s̲h̲arḥ Badʾ al-amālī, metrical, by Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ Rafīqī: [Lucknow] 1869° (48 pp.).

(3)

S̲h̲arḥ i Qaṣīdah i Amālī, by Qāḍī Sirāj al-Dīn [sic, but this may be the name of the author, not the commentator]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348.

§ 353. The Tabṣirat al-ʿawāmm was written after the extinction of the Fāṭimid Caliphate in Egypt [in 567/1171] at a time when Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn al-Rāzī [b. 543/1148–9 or 544/1149–50, d. 606/1209] was already famous, but before the overthrow of Ḥasan b. Ṣabbāḥ’s successors [by Hūlāgū in 654/1256]. The author’s name, absent from the preface in some mss., appears in [most?] others as [s.] Murtaḍā ʿAlam al-Hudā, possibly, as Rieu supposed (see Rieu iii 1081 a) the (otherwise unknown?) writer who translated the Kanz al-ansāb in, or after, 653/1255 (see pl. i no. 311 (a) (20–23) 1st footnote). The work has, however, been ascribed also [cf. Rauḍāt al-jannāt iv p. 126 (“565”), D̲h̲arīʿah ¶ iii p. 318 ult.] to S. Ṣafī al-Dīn Abū Turāb al-Murtaḍā b. al-Dāʿī al-Rāzī,¹² who probably died some time before its composition, and to others. This problem is discussed by ʿAbbās Iqbāl in the introduction to his edition.

Tabṣirat al-ʿawāmm fī maʿrifat maqālāt al-anām (beg. Ḥ. u sp. mar K̲h̲udāy rā ʿazza wa-jalla kih jumlah i maujūdāt), on the beliefs of various religions and the Islamic sects, in twenty-six bābs: i.ḥ. p. 96, D̲h̲ārīʿah iii p. 318, Rieu Suppt. 7 (ah 1096/1685), Rieu i 140 a (17th cent.), 141 a (ah 1109/1697–8?), 141 a (18th cent.), Berlin 228 (17th cent.), Bodleian 1766 (a Fraser ms, therefore not later than 18th cent.), Bānkīpūr xvi 1456 (18th cent.), Rehatsek p. 188 no. 26 (ah 1243/1827–8), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 11, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1538 no. 4, Ethé 2540 (modern), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 57 (defective at both ends).

Editions: Lahore 1296/1879* (on margin of the Maʿārif al-millah [al-firqah?] al-nājiyah wa-’l-nārīyah of S. Abū ’l-Qāsim Riḍawī Qummī [Lāhaurī, for whom see pl. i no. 49 (15), etc.]. Cf. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 53), [Ṭihrān] 1304/1886° (appended to the Qiṣaṣ al-ʿulamāʾ, for which see pl. i no. 1579 2nd par. 104 pp.); [Ṭihrān] 1309/1891‡ (appended, on pp. 358–460, to the Q. al-ʿu.), Ṭihrān 1312/1894–5 (appended, on pp. 357–461, to the Q. al-ʿu. See Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 757), Ṭihrān ahs 1313/1934* (ed. ʿAbbās Iqbāl. 294 pp.).

§ 354. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn M. b. ʿUmar al-Rāzī died at Harāt in 606/1209 (see pl. ii no. 87, etc).

(1)

Asrār al-tanzīl, in Arabic see below under Laṭāʾif i G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲īyah.

(2)

(Uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid), possibly the work called Taḥṣīl al-ḥaqq by Ibn K̲h̲allikān and Ḥ. K̲h̲. (ii p. 216) (beg. Har t̲h̲anāʾī kih ʿuqūl), a short tract in eight bābs: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 25 no. 352 (Probably ah 700/1300).

The anonymous and not formally titled work, called Laṭāʾif i Ghiyāt̲h̲īyah on title-pages or in colophons, is regularly ascribed by the copyists to Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Rāzī. The preface, however, in its usual form contains a dedication to Muʿizz al-Dunyā wa-’l-Dīn G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Islām wa-’l-Muslimīn Abū ’l-Fatḥ M. b. Malik-S̲h̲āh Qasīm i Amīr al-Muʾminīn, and cataloguers have pointed out that Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Rāzī was not a contemporary of M. b. Malik-S̲h̲āh, who reigned ah 498–511/1104–7. It should be noted, however, (1) that in the Ṭihrān edition the work is described as a translation of Fak̲h̲r i Rāzī’s Asrār al-tanzīl (for which see Brockelmann i p. 507 (10), Sptbd. i p. 922 (10)), (2) that the preface as given ¶ in that edition does apparently contain particulars of the four qisms originally planned, and (3) that the dedicatee is there stated to be G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fatḥ M. b. Sām Amīr al-Muʾminīn [the ruler of G̲h̲ōr, who was at any rate a contemporary of Fak̲h̲r i Rāzī].

Laṭāʾif i G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲īyah (beg. Ḥ. i. bī-ḥ. u bī-nihāyat u madḥ i bī-ʿadd u bī-g̲h̲āyat ḥaḍrat i jalāl), in three maqālahs, of which the first is concerned with the excellence of knowledge and the other two with evidences for the existence of God: Ivanow 1064 (early 17th cent.), Rieu i 27 a (100 foll. 17th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 393 (ah 1094/1683), Berlin 267 (ah 1183/1769), Bānkīpūr xiv 1279 (18th cent.), 1280 (18th cent.).

Editions: Tihrān 1301/1883–4 (title Asrār al-tanzīl on title-page or as a heading (“dar ṣadr i kitāb”), Tarjamah i Asrār al-tanzīl mulaqqab bi-Laṭāʾif i G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ī az Imām Fak̲h̲r i Rāzī at end of work), Ḥaidarābād 1323/1905 (Fawāʾid [sic?] i G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲īyah. Author Imām F. al D. al-R. See Āṣafīyah iii p. 548).

§ 355. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Faḍl Allāh b. Tāj al-Dīn Ḥasan Tūrapus̲h̲tī,¹³ a traditionist and legist of S̲h̲īrāz, wrote a commentary, al-Muyassir, on al-Bag̲h̲awī’s Maṣābīh al-sunnah (H.K̲h̲. v p. 565, Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 620) and, according to Ḥ.K̲h̲. (v p. 565) died in 658/1260.¹⁴

[Subkī v p. 146, where the date of his death is conjectured to be about 660.]

al-Muʿtamad fī ’l-muʿtaqad (beg. Allāhumma innā naḥmaduka ḥamd^an yalīqu bi-kibriyāʾika), dedicated to Abū Bakr Saʿd [b.] Zangī (the Salg̲h̲urid ruler of Fārs, ah 623–58/1226–60) and divided into three bābs ((1) belief in God, (2) belief in the angels, the [sacred] books and the Prophets, (3) other points of Sunnite belief), each subdivided into ten faṣls: Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 623, Leyden iv p. 295 no. 2101 (ah 859/1455), Bodleian 1765, iii 2790, Gotha 18 (begins differently. Baʿd az ḥ. u t̲h̲anā-yi K̲h̲udāy ʿa. wa-j. kih bihtarīn guftaʾī), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356 no. 500, iii p. 550 no. 1194, Āyā Ṣōfyah 2359.

Edition: Madrās 1286/1869* (260 pp. cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356 no. 228, where the date (presumably of this same edition) is given as 1288).

¶ § 356. ʿAlī b. Mūsā … Ibn Ṭāʾūs died in 664/1266 (cf. pl. i no. 22 (10), Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 911).

al-Ṭarāʾif fī maʿrifat mad̲h̲h̲ab al-ṭawāʾif, in Arabic. See Brockelmann Sptbd. p. 912.

Persian translations:

(1)

cf. pl. i no. 22 (10).

(2)

Tarjamah i Ṭarāʾif, an anonymous translation of Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh’s time: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 115 no. 544, [Tihrān] 1300–1/1884° (Followed by a translation of the same author’s Kas̲h̲f al-maḥajjah. 384 pp. Mas̲h̲had v p. 249 nos. 410–11).

§ 357. Naṣīr al-Dīn M. b. M al-Ṭūsī died in 672/1274 (see pl. ii no. 10, Add. ad loc. , etc.; Ivanow in jras. 1931 pp. 527–9).

(1)

(Āg̲h̲āz u anjām), sometimes called Mabdaʾ u maʿād, and sometimes Tad̲h̲kirah, since the author refers to it in the preface as īn tad̲h̲kirah (beg. Rabbanā lā tuzig̲h̲ Sp. Āfrīdgārī-rā kih āg̲h̲āz i hamah), mainly on the future life, in twenty faṣls: i.ḥ. 256, D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 36, Leningrad Asiat. Mus. No. 27 fol. 190 a (old. See Islamica i (1925) p. 274 n. 2), Univ. 997 c (ah 1237/1821–2. Romaskewicz p. 13), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2309 (ah 1055/1645), Ethé 1807 (ah 1176/1762), Rieu ii 830 a xvi (18th cent.), Ivanow 1st Suppt. 876 (16) (late 18th cent.), Lindesiana p. 202 no. 502 (ad 1819), Bodleian 1422 (6), Fātiḥ 5426.

Edition: Mabdaʾ u maʿād, Ṭihrān (so Mas̲h̲had cat.) or [India] (so Berthels) 1314/1896–7 (appended to the Mirṣād al-ʿibād. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 350).

Extract (Faṣl 19 with German trans.): Die paradiesischen Jungfrauen (Ḥūrīs) im Islam. Von E. Berthels (in Islamica i (1925) pp. 263–87) pp. 274–5.

List of the faṣls. Bodleian 1422 (6).

(2)

Fuṣūl [i Nasīrīyah] (beg. Har kih az c̲h̲īzī āgāhī yābad), on S̲h̲īʿite kalām in four short faṣls ((1) tauḥīd, (2) ʿadl, (3) nubuwwat u imāmat, (4) maʿād): i.ḥ. 2223, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., nos. 214 (13 foll. ah 881/1476–7), 215 (24 foll.), iv p. 214 no. 916 (ah 1042/1632), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1062 (9) (probably ah 1245/1829–30).

Arabic translation by Rukn al-Dīn M. b. ʿAlī Jurjānī Astarābādī, who was alive in 728/1328 and who translated also the Auṣāf al-as̲h̲rāf as well as other works by Tūsī [see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 215 n.]: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 122 no. 585, Brockelmann i p. 509 (4), Sptbd. i p. 927 (4), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 214 no. 917.

Arabic commentary on the Arabic translation, see D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 423.

Persian commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Fuṣūl i Naṣīrīyah, composed in 953/1546 in the Deccan by M. b. Aḥmad s̲h̲ahīr bi-K̲h̲wājagī S̲h̲aik̲h̲ S̲h̲īrāzī, a S̲h̲āfiʿī ¶ afterwards converted to S̲h̲īʿism (for whom see pl. iv no. 373 below): Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 195 (acephalous. ah 1000/1591–2).

Arabic commentaries: see Brockelmann i p. 509, Sptbd. i p. 927.

(3)

It̲h̲bāt i Wājib (beg. Bi-dān aiyadaka ’llāh … ilā ’l-ṣirāṭi ’l-mustaqīm), doubtfully ascribed by some to Ṭūsī: i.ḥ. 1182 (?) (not described as Persian), D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 108 no. 525, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 2 no. 296.

(4)

Maṭlūb al-muʾminīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. ʿarrafanā bi-nafsihi … Har c̲h̲and kih īn kamtarīn i bandagān i daʿwat i hādiyah M. i Ṭūsī), in four faṣls: Poona (Ḥāj Mūsā K̲h̲ānʾs private library. ah 1307/1890. See Ivanow’s introd. to his edition p. 9), Bombay (?) (2 mss. doubtless in private possession, one transcribed probably in 1309/1892, the other dated 1310/1893. Vid. ibid.), Leningrad Asiat. Mus. (Semenov ms. See Ivanow’s introd. p. 7 and Semenov’s description in Bulletin of the Russian academy of Sciences 1918 p. 2178).

Edition: Two early Ismaili treatises: Haft-babi Baba Sayyid-na and Matlubu ’l-mu’minīn by Tusi. Persian text, with an introductory note by W. Ivanow. Bombay 1352/1933‡ (Islamic Research Association Series, no. 2, pp. 43–55).

(5)

Rauḍat al-taslīm, or Taṣawwurāt (beg. Baʿd az salām u taḥīyāt kih k̲h̲wāndah bās̲h̲ad bi-dānad kih az taṣawwurātī kih.). Edition: The Rawdatu’t – Taslīm commonly called Tasawwurat by Nasiru’d-din Tusi. Persian text, Edited [from two mss., one belonging to the Khoja community in Bombay transcribed in 1353/1935 from a ms. dated 1177/1764, the other probably also in Bombay dated 1342/1924] and translated into English by W. Ivanow. Leyden (Bombay printed) 1950‡ (The Ismaili Society, Series A, 4. Pp. lxxxviii, 160, 249).

Description: W. Ivanow, “An Ismailitic work by Nasiru’d-din Tusi” jras., 1931, pp. 527–64.

§ 358. ʿImād al-Dīn Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. M. al-Ṭabarī wrote his Arbaʿīn in 673/1274–5 (pl. iv no. 295 supra).

(1)

Kāmil i Bahāʾī, or Kāmil al-Saqīfah¹⁵ (beg. Subḥān yakī Pāds̲h̲āhī), an exposition and defence of the It̲h̲nā-ʿAs̲h̲arī doctrine of the Imāmate (containing valuable incidental information about S̲h̲īʿism in Persia under the Mongols) composed in (and after) 675/1276–7 and dedicated to Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. Juwainī (d. 678/1279: see Browne Lit. Hist. iii p. 21): i.ḥ. p. 420 (al-Kāmil al-Bahāʾī fī ’l-Saqīfah), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl 1, no. 219 (ah 974/1566–7), Ivanow 1102 (259 foll. 16th cent.), Bānkīpūr xiv 1298 (16th cent.).

¶ Edition: K. al-S. i B., Bombay 1323/1905 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 476).

(2)

Tuḥfat al-abrār, fī uṣūl al-dīn (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ʿadad … mar Wājib al-wujūdī rā kīh K̲h̲āliq i kaun), in a muqaddamah and ten bābs: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 405 no. 1453 (where two mss. in private possession are mentioned).

§ 359. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn Faḍl Allāh died in 718/1318 (see pl. i no. 106, Add. ad loc.).

al-Majmūʿat al-Ras̲h̲īdīyah, a collection of four theological works, (1) al-Tauḍīḥāt, (2) Miftāh al-tafāsīr, (3) al-Sulṭānīyah, (4) Laṭāʾif al-ḥaqāʾiq. See Quatremèreʾs Histoire des Mongols de la Perse (pl. i no. 106, Extracts (3)) pp. cxiv, cxlix–clv (where the headings of the subdivisions are given), Browne Lit. Hist. iii pp. 75–80, Brockelmann ii p. 200, Sptbd. ii p. 273 (q.v. for mss. of the Arabic versions), D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 499 no. 2236 (al-Tauḍīḥāt).

Persian versions (in addition to a complete copy of the Majmūʿah said to exist in the Imperial Library of Iran. See Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī al-Saiyād in the periodical Dānish, year 2, p. 159, note 7, cited by Beeston in Bodleian iii 2792):

(1)

Laṭāʾif al-ḥaqāʾiq: Blochet iv 2217 (478 foll. Contemp. with author).

(2)

Risālah i Sulṭānīyah (beg. Ai Āfrīdgār): Bodleian iii 2792 (Followed, on foll 220–96, by attestations of Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn’s orthodoxy from numerous contemporary divines.¹⁶ Contemp. with author. Some lacunae).

§ 360. Jamāl al-Dīn al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf b. ʿAlī Ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī, commonly called ʿAllāmah i Ḥillī, or simply ʿAllāmah, died in 726/1325 (see pl. i no. 23 (4)).¹⁷

al-Bāb al-ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar, on dogmatic theology, being the final chapter of al-Ḥillī’s Arabic Minhāj al-ṣalāh fī ’k̲h̲tiṣār al-Miṣbāḥ. See i.ḥ. 355, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 5 Brockelmann i p. 405, l. 20, Sptbd. i p. 707, l. 15.

Persian translations/commentaries:

(1)

S̲h̲arḥ i Bāb i ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar: Rehatsek p. 186 no. 17 (author not stated. ah 1026/1617).

(2)

Nas̲h̲ah i sars̲h̲ār, by S̲h̲. M. Bāqir, the grandfather or ancestor (jadd) of Nawwāb Ḥaidar Yār K̲h̲ān S̲h̲ēr-Jang: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 204 (ah 1122/1710).

(3)

Lawāzim al-dīn (beg. T̲h̲. u st. Wājib al-wujūdī-rā lāʾiq), a translation and commentary begun at Tabrīz in 1037/1627–8 by Adʾham “ʿUzlatī” Qurais̲h̲ K̲h̲alk̲h̲ālī, the translator of Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s Iʿtiqādīyah (cf. no. 386 ¶ infra, Danis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 273): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 232 no. 968 (4 foll.).

Arabic commentary: al-Nāfiʿ yauma ’l-ḥas̲h̲ar [sic apparently] fī s̲h̲arḥ al-Bāb al-Ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar, by al-Miqdād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥillī see Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 707, ii p. 209, i.ḥ. 3234.

Persian translation of the Arabic commentary: Jāmiʿ dar tarjamah i Nāfiʿ, completed in 1324/1906 by ʿAlī b. M. Ḥusain b. M. ʿAlī Ḥusainī S̲h̲ahristānī Ḥāʾirī, who died at Karbalā in 1344/1926 (cf. pl. iv no. 237 supra): D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 28 no. 129.

Edition: place? 1325/1907 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 301).

§ 361. ʿĀlim b. M. b. ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd mentions an earlier work of his, Jawāhir i Fīrōz-S̲h̲āhī, in the preface to his Natījat al-ʿālim.

Natījat al-ʿālim li-nafʿ al-ʿālam (beg. Maḥāmid i bī-qiyās u madāʾiḥ i ʿadad i anfās), a theological work dedicated to Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Fīrōz-S̲h̲āh Sulṭān [ah 752–90/1351–88. Cf pl. i no. 667] and divided into six baḥt̲h̲s ((1) on the formula āmantu bi-’llāh, (2) on his angels, (3) his books, (4) his Prophets, (5) al-yaum al-āk̲h̲ir, (6) al-qadar k̲h̲airuhu wa-s̲h̲arruhu): Berlin 189 (ah 1108/1697), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 485.

§ 362. al-Saiyid al-S̲h̲arīf ʿAlī b. M. al-Jurjānī died in, or about, 816/1413 (see pl. i no. 53, etc.).

Iskandarīyah, on some points of Islamic dogma and philosophy composed in answer to enquiries from Iskander b. ʿUmar S̲h̲aik̲h̲ b. Tīmūr (cf. pl. i no. 115): Mas̲h̲had iv pp. 21–2 nos. 340 (11 foll. ah 968/1560–1), 341–5, i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 129, possibly also Rieu ii p. 833 a (xxi).

§ 363. Najm al-Dīn K̲h̲idr b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. b. ʿAlī al-Rāzī al-Habalarūdī¹⁸ (aṣl^an) al-Najafī (maskin^an) is described in the Rauḍāt al-jannāt (p. 265) as a pupil of S. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. b. al-Saiyid al-S̲h̲arīf al-Jurjānī¹⁹ and also, incorrectly, as a ¶ scholar of the early days of the Ṣafawī period. In the preface to al-Taudīḥ al-anwar (see Ahlwardt ix 9668) he describes himself as al-mulāzim li-k̲h̲izānat al-Mas̲h̲had al-s̲h̲arīf al-G̲h̲arawī. Among his works the Rauḍāt al-jannāt mentions al-Taḥqīq al-mubīn fī s̲h̲arḥ Nahj al-mustars̲h̲idīn, which he completed at al-Ḥillah in 828/1425.

al-Tauḍīḥ al-anwar li-dafʿ s̲h̲ubah al-Aʿwar, a reply completed in 840/1436–7 to criticisms of the Prophetʾs descendants contained in a work by Yūsuf b. al-Mak̲h̲zūm al-Manṣūrī [al-Wāsiṭī al-Aʿwar]: i.ḥ. 721, Ahlwardt ix 9668, Būhār Arab. Cat. 111 (see also Brockelmann ii p. 199, Sptbd. ii p. 272).

Persian translation: Bānkīpūr xiv 1299 (Acephalous. 18th cent.).

§ 364. Of unknown authorship is:

ʿUddah fī radd al-Radd wa-ʾl-riddah (beg Ḥ. u sipāsī kih az ḥadd i ḥudūd), in three chapters ((1) prophetship and sainthood, (2) sainthood (wilāyat), (3) the excellence of Muḥammad’s mission), being a refutation dedicated to Sulṭān S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ [807–50/1405–47] of an Arabic work entitled Radd k̲h̲aṭaʾ ʿalā ruʾūs al-malaʾ: Blochet i 374 (111 foll., early 16th cent).

§ 365. Qāḍī Najm [al-Dīn] Muhammad died in 861/1457, having spent forty years as a preacher in Gujarāt.

Luʾluʾ i majālis, forty-seven discourses on religions and ethical subjects delivered in 859–61/1455–7 in the Jāmiʿ Masjid at Aḥmadābād and compiled by an anonymous disciple of Saiyid al-Mas̲h̲āyik̲h̲ S. Burhān Maḥmūd: Madrās ii 551 (424 pp.).

§ 366. S̲h̲ukr Allāh b. Aḥmad composed his Bahjat al-tawārīk̲h̲ in 861/1456–7 (see pl. i no. 122).

Manhaj al-ras̲h̲ād, dedicated in 864/1459–60 to Sulṭān Muḥammad ii and divided into twelve bābs: Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 220, Leyden iv p. 299 no. 2110.

§ 367. S. M. “Nūr-bak̲h̲s̲h̲”²⁰ b. M. b. ʿAbd Allāh was born in 795/1393 at Qāyin, to which place his father had migrated from Qaṭīf in Arabia, and he died in 869/1464–5 at Saulaqān²¹ (W. of S̲h̲imrān in the province of Ṭihrān). For his embroilment with S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ and other details of his remarkable career as well as for the sect or order founded by him see Ency. Isl. under Nūrbak̲h̲s̲h̲īya ¶ (Margoliouth) and an Urdu article entitled “Firqah i Nūrbak̲h̲s̲h̲ī” by M. S̲h̲afīʿ in ocm. i/1 (Feb. 1925) pp. 3–15 and ḍamīmah (28 pp. of poems), i/2 (May 1925) pp. 49–68.

[Majālis al-muʾminīn pp. 313–15, Haft iqlīm no. 1077 (under Rai), Riyāḍ al-ʿārifīn p. 258, Rieu ii p. 650 b; Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq ii p. 143.]

(1)

al-Fiqh al-aḥwaṭ, in Arabic (fifty-one bābs). Edition with Persian translation and commentary: Sirāh al-Islām [sic],²² Mat’hurā (“Muttra”) 1333/1915 (620 pp. Iʿjāz i Ḥaidarī Pr. See ocm. i/2 p. 65).

(2)

Maʿās̲h̲ al-sālikīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. ṣāḥib al-aṭwār al-qalbīyah): Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 610, Berlin 179 (1) (ah 1012/1603), Asʿad Efendī 3588 (8) (?) (Cf. Horn Pers. Hss. p. 310 (313)).

(3)

Risālah i iʿtiqādīyah, or Risālah i ʿaqīdah, in Arabic. Edition with Persian commentary: Lahore 1342/1923–4 (96 pp. See ocm. i/2 p. 64).

(4)

Risālah i Nūr-bak̲h̲s̲h̲: in eight bābs ((1) dar tafāwut i marātib i sālikān, (2) dar aṭwār u anwār, (3) dar ʿawālim i kullīyah, … (8) dar kaifīyat i libās i siyāh): S̲h̲īrāz 1342/1923–4 (on margin, pp. 120–40, of Najīb al-Dīn Riḍā Tabrīzī’s mat̲h̲nawī entitled Sabʿ al-mat̲h̲ānī, where it is followed by two other risālahs of Nūr-bak̲h̲s̲h̲. See Mashhad i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 29, iv p. 315).

(5)

Risālah i Nur-bak̲h̲s̲h̲: Āṣafīyah i p. 436 no. 436 no. 198 (2) (ah 1285/1868–9).

§ 368. M. b. ʿAlī Ibn Abī Jumhūr al-Aḥsāʾī debated with a Sunnī at Mas̲h̲had in 878/1473–4 (Rauḍāt al-jannāt 623 (mispaginated 523) = iv p. 84, Brockelmann ii p. 200, Sptbd. ii p. 272).

Munāẓarat Ibn Abī Jumhūr maʿa ’l-Harawī, in Arabic. See i.ḥ 3121, Brockelmann ii p. 200.

Persian translation: Tarjamah i munāẓarah i I. A. J. (beg. T̲h̲anā u maḥmidatī kih) completed in 1001/1593 in India by Jalāl al-Dīn M. b. M. Kās̲h̲ānī: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 46 no. 401 (19 foll. ah 1042/1633), Būhār 114 (ah 1210/1795–6).

§ 369. Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad Jāmī died at Harāt on 18 Muḥarram 898/9 Nov 1492 (see pl. i no. 1274, etc).

Iʿtiqād-nāmah or ʿAqāʾid i Jāmī (beg. Baʿd i ḥamd i K̲h̲udā wa naʿt i Rasūl * Bi-s̲h̲nū īn nuktah rā ba-samʿ i qabūl), a short metrical exposition of the Sunnī creed (mainly in qiṭʿahs, but partly in mat̲h̲nawī verses, rubāʿīs and fards) ascribed to Jāmī (but apparently absent from old mss of his works): Blochet iv 2166 (ah 1109/1697), 2241 (?), Būhār 349 (1) (17th cent.), ¶ Ivanow 1755 (ah 1132/1720), 1756, Ethé 1381 (ah 1143/1731), 1382, 2630 (3), 2631 (3), Rieu ii 827 a (circ. ah 1152/1739), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 9 no. 22, Lindesiana p. 165 no. 241 d, Brelvi-Dhabhar p. xxxiii no. 25, Bodleian 1779, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352 no. 501.

Cf also pl. iv no. 609 (82) infra.

Editions: ʿAqāʾid-nāmah (Madrās editions) or Iʿtiqād-nāmah (Lahore editions), Madrās 1272/1855–6* (Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib Pr. With interlinear Urdu translation by ʿAbd al-Laṭīf “Alṭaf” (cf. pl. i no. 1223). 36 pp.); 1274/1857–8* (Mak̲h̲zan al-ak̲h̲bār Pr. 16 pp.); 1290/1873* (Followed by an anonymous Arabic work entitled Takmīl al-īmān with an interlinear Urdu translation by S. M. Ḥusain. Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib Pr. 40 pp.), Lahore 1297/1880* (Muḥammadī Pr. 12 pp.); n.d.° (15 pp.); 1904† (Muḥammadī Pr. 16 pp.).

Commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i ʿAqāʾid i Mullā Jāmī, by Mak̲h̲dūm Sāwī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 nos. 199 (acephalous), 484.

§ 370. Jalāl al-Dīn M. b. Asʿad Ṣiddīqī Dawānī died in 908/1502–3 (see pl. i Add. ad no. 369 [369a]).

Nūr al-hidāyah (beg. Ḥaqīqat i ḥamd), a tract, without author’s name,²³ on points relating to (1) wujūd al-Wājib, (2) ḥudūt̲h̲ al-ʿālam, (3) ʿiṣmat al-anbiyāʾ: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 266 no. 1060 (7 foll. ah 1092/1681).

Edition: [Persia] 1311/1894° (Nūr al-hidāyah fī ’l-imāmah [sic]. Appended, on pp. 149–67, to Ibn al-Biṭrīq’s Arabic K̲h̲aṣāʾiṣ al-waḥy al-mubīn. Cf. D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 175).

§ 371. Fāḍil al-Dīn M. b. Isḥāq b. M. al-Ḥamawī.

Manhaj al-fāḍilīn fī maʿrifat al-aʾimmat al-hudāt al-kāmilīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. D̲h̲ī ’l-luṭf wa-’l-iḥsān), a defence of S̲h̲īʿism completed in 937/1530–1, dedicated to S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp and divided into a muqaddimah, five bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: i.ḥ. 3194, Ivanow Curzon 396 (ah 1070/1659).

§ 372. ʿIzz al-Dīn [b. Jaʿfar b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn] al-Āmulī, whose name occurs in, or on, some of the mss. of the Ḥasanīyah as that of the author, completed in 944/1538 the first volume of a translation of the Nahj al-balāg̲h̲ah (pl. iv no. 276 (9)(b) supra) dedicated to Āqā Ḥasan, Wazīr of Māzandarān. For his Lumʿah dar nikāḥ i dāʾim u mutʿah, also dedicated to Āqā Ḥasan, see pl. iv no. 41 supra. It may be presumed that the Ḥasanīyah was called after the same ¶ person, though in the Haft iqlīm (under Āmul, Ethé 724 no. 1189) the dedicatee is described as a king of Māzandarān.

Risālah i Ḥasanīyah, or simply Ḥasanīyah (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar Wājib al-wujūdī rā kih niẓām i uṣūl), a concise statement of the S̲h̲īʿite creed and religious duties, divided into a muqaddimah, two bābs ((1) dar bayān i iʿtiqādāt i ʿaqlīyah, in five rukns (tauḥīd, ʿadl, nubuwwat, imāmat and maʿād), (2) dar d̲h̲ikr i ʿibādāt i s̲h̲arʿīyah, in five faṣls (namāz, rūzah, zakāt, ḥajj and jihād)) and a k̲h̲ātimah (dar bayān i k̲h̲ums): i.ḥ. 1011, Rieu i 35a (lacks K̲h̲ātimah. 17th cent.), Blochet i 135 (defective at both ends. 17th cent.), Leyden iv p. 297 no. 2106 (breaks off in middle of Bāb ii, faṣl 5. Schultens ms.), Berlin 193 (1) (modern), Bānkīpūr xiv 1313 (lacks K̲h̲ātimah 19th cent.).

§ 373. M. b. Aḥmad s̲h̲ahīr ba- K̲h̲wājagī S̲h̲aik̲h̲ S̲h̲īrāzī, a Sunnī of the S̲h̲āfiʿī school who became a convert to S̲h̲īʿism, was resident at Golconda and completed in 952/1545 an Arabic commentary on al-Bāb al-ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 178, Brockelmann Sptbd.i p. 707²⁶).

(1)

Niẓāmīyah fī mad̲h̲hab al-Imāmīyah (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. u s̲h̲. i ālāʾ u naʿmāʾ), dedicated to a Niẓām-S̲h̲āh [of Aḥmadnagar, probably Burhān N.-S̲h̲. i (ah 914–61/1508–53)]: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 285 (128 foll.).

(2)

S̲h̲arḥ i Fuṣūl i Naṣīrīyah: See under no. 357 (2) supra.

(3)

Tamhīdāt (beg. al-H. l. R. al-ʿā. a Ṣūfī work composed in the Deccan in 953/1546, when the author was still a Sunnī. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss, no. 196 (Probably ah 1000/1592).

§ 374. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. M. Ibn Ḥajar al-Hait̲h̲amī al-Makkī died at Mecca in 974/1567 (see Ency. Isl. under Ibn Ḥadjar; Brockelmann ii p. 388, Sptbd. ii p. 527).

al-Ṣawāʿiq al-muḥriqah ʿalā ahl al-rafḍ wa-’l-zandaqah, on the legitimacy of the title of Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUt̲h̲mān and ʿAlī to the Caliphate, completed in 950/1544.

Persian translations:

(1)

Barāhīn i qāṭiʿah dar tarjamah i Sawāʿiq i muḥriqah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. faḍḍala wa-karrama Nabīyanā), completed in 994/1586 and dedicated to Ibrāhīm ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āh [ii, ah 987–1035/1579–1626] by Kamāl al-Dīn b. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Jahrumī: Būhār 113 (ah 995/1587, at Bījāpūr), Bānkīpūr xiv 1282 (ah 1086/1675), Peshawar 836 (ah 115 [?] 1/1738), Ivanow 1129 (17th–18th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 nos. 179, 557, Ethé 2571.

Edition: Lahore [1895°].

(2)

¶ Bawāriq i mus̲h̲riqah (beg. Maḥāmid i ḥamīdah mar Ḥamīdī ra), begun in 1134/1721–2, completed in 1140/1727–8 and dedicated to Qalandar K̲h̲ān by M. ʿIwaḍ al-Ḥiṣārī Lāhaurī: Ivanow 1130 (18th cent.).

§ 375. ʿAlī b. Husām al-Dīn al-Muttaqī died in 975/1567 (see pl. i no. 1298 (2) first footnote).

(ʿAlāmāt i Mahdī i āk̲h̲ir al-zamān) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. a. b. mī-gūyad īn c̲h̲and ʿalāmāt ast), described in the Madrās catalogue as consisting of two parts, the first in four “chapters” (presumably the four faṣls enumerated by Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad) on sixty signs of the Mahdīʾs appearance (a subject on which the author wrote also in Arabic), the second on the signs prognosticating the advent of the Dajjāl: Madrās i 487 (ʿAlāmāt i ẓuhūr i M. u D. 54 pp. Pt. i dated 1244/1829), Rāmpūr (= Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 22. Ḥas̲h̲r-nāmah. Perhaps only “Part i.” N.d.), Peshawar 988 (4).

§ 376. K̲h̲wājah Jamāl al-Dīn Maḥmud b. M. Nairīzī S̲h̲īrāzī completed in 921/1515 an Arabic commentary on Dawānī’s It̲h̲bāt al-Wājib al-jadīd (Brockelmann iii p. 1274⁸, D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 103 penult.) and is said to have been living at Lār in 988/1580 (Fārs-nāmah i Nāṣirī ii).

Risālah dar ḥudūt̲h̲ u qidam i Ajsām (beg. Bi-dān-kih īn kalimātī c̲h̲and ast). Mas̲h̲had iv p. 123 no. 634 (2 foll.).

§ 377. Of unknown authorship is:

Faṣl dar bayān i s̲h̲ināk̲h̲t i imām, an Ismāʿīlī work composed probably in Persia towards the end of the 10th/16th century: Leningrad Institute of Oriental Studies (mid-19th cent.).

Editions: (1) in iv. Ivanow’s Ismaʿilitica (Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, viii (Calcutta 1922) pp. 1–76); (2) Faṣl dar b.-i s̲h̲.-i i., or On the recognition of the Imām. Second revised edition. Persian text edited by W. Ivanow, Leiden 1949 (The Ismaili Society. Series B, no. 3), Third edition, Tihrān 1960 (i.s. Series B, no. 11).

English translations: (1) Calcutta 1922: see Editions (1) above. (2) Bombay 1947.

§ 378. Aḥmad b. M. al-Ardabīlī, called Muqaddas i Ardabīlī, died in 993/1585 at al-Najaf (see pl. iv no. 47 supra).

(1)

Ḥadīqat al-S̲h̲īʿah,²⁴ in two volumes ((1) on Prophetship, (2) on Imāmate): i.ḥ. 1007, D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 385 no. 2408 (where a ms. dated 1078/1667–8 in ¶ a private library at Najaf is mentioned), p. 386 no. 2409, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 4, mss., no. 103 (Vol. ii only), probably also Leningrad Univ no. 516* (Vol ii, described as by M Bāqir Majlisī. Salemann Rosen p. 14)

Editions of Vol. ii: Ṭihrān 1265/1849° (156 foll.); 1303/1886 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 261 no. 496), [Persia] 1270/1853–4 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 260 no. 495); 1279/1862–3 (D̲h̲arīʿah, where the place of publication, doubtless Ṭihrān, is not mentioned).

This work exists in a slightly different form (beg. Ḥamdī kih ḥāmidān. Cf. D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 386 no. 2409), in which the anonymous author (Muʿizz al-Dīn M. b. Ẓahīr al-Dīn Ardistānī, known as Mīr-Mīrān, according to notes or headings in some mss.) dedicates it to ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (ah 1035–83/1626–72) and gives the date of completion as 1058 [1648]. No formal title is mentioned in the preface, but various quasi-titles occur on title-pages. The following mss. are recorded: Būhār 117 (321 foll. ah 1081/1670), 118–19 (19th cent.), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 218 nos. 927 (“Kāshif al-ḥaqq”. ah 1098/1687), 928, Bānkīpūr xiv 1305 (“Fauz al-najāt”.²⁵ 18th cent.), 1306 (“It̲h̲bāt al-imāmat”. 19th cent.), 1307–8 (two 19th – cent. mss.), Rieu i 32 b (19th cent.), Dresden 382 (defective at end).

(2)

It̲h̲bāt al-Wājib, or Uṣūl i dīn i Ardabīlī (beg. Bi-dān hadāka ’llāh kih c̲h̲ūn Ādamī), in four bābs: i.ḥ. 11 (I. al-w.), 1181 (r. fī i. al-W. al-wujūd), D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 103 no. 506 (I. al-W.), ii p. 183 (U. al-d.), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 39 (76 foll.), iv p. 24 no. 351 (ah 1007/1598).

§ 379. Ḥusām al-Dīn b. M. Bāyazīd Sahāranpūrī died in 1010/1601–2 according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue.

Marāfiḍ al-Rawāfid: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356 no. 553 (ah 1259/1843).

§ 380. S. Nūr Allāh b. S. S̲h̲arīf S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī died in 1019/1610 (see pl. i no. 1574).

(1)

Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq wa-izhāq al-bāṭil, a reply (in Arabic) completed in 1014/1605–6 to the Ibṭāl nahj al-bāṭil of Faḍl Allāh b. Rūzbihān (cf. pl. i no. 370): Bānkīpūr x 623, Ellis-Edwards p. 8, i.o. Arab. Cat. p. 23. 3 copies), and the mss. mentioned in Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 608, where also a printed edition (Ṭihrān 1273) is recorded (cf. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 1).

Persian translation: Tarjamah i Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-’l-ṣ.), by an anonymous translator: Bānkīpūr xiv 1332 (18th cent.).

(2)

Maṣāʾib al-Nawāsib, a reply (in Arabic) to al-Nawāqiḍ fī radd al-Rawāfiḍ by Muʿīn al-Dīn As̲h̲raf, called Mīrzā Mak̲h̲dūm, al-S̲h̲īrāzī (cf. ¶ Brockel­mann ii p. 443, Sptbd. ii p. 658): i.ḥ. 2954, i.o. Arab mss. Cat. ii 2158, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 607.

Persian translation: Tarjamah i Maṣāʾib al-Nawāṣib (beg. Bihtarīn gulī kih zīb), prepared in 1070/1659–60 by M. As̲h̲raf at the request of Aḥmad Bēg Yūz-bās̲h̲ī: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, no. 260 (ah 1243/1827–8).

§ 381. Abū ’l-Qāsim b. Abī Ḥāmid b. Naṣr al-Bayān Kāzarūnī was living in 1014/1702–3.

Sullam al-samāwāt (beg. Ai g̲h̲unc̲h̲ah gus̲h̲ādah dar t̲h̲anā-yi Tu dahan), in seven marqūms: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 163 no. 756 (Marqūms 1 (dar maʿrifat i Maulā …) and 4 (dar d̲h̲ikr i jamʿī az ḥukamā-yi jahān …) only. 75 foll.).

§ 382. M. Jamīl b. Abī Turāb al-Badak̲h̲s̲h̲ī al-Ḥārit̲h̲ī.

Muntak̲h̲ab al-ʿaqāʾid (beg. Baʿd az ḥ. u sp. u. st. i Malik i ʿAllām), an exposition in verse (hazaj) and prose of the fundamentals of Sunnite Islām with a condemnation of S̲h̲īʿite practices, completed in 1016/1607 in Kas̲h̲mīr: Ivanow 1075 (ah 1036/1626–7), 1076 (ah 1086/1675–6, Curzon 365 (ah 1120/1708), Blochet i 61 (ah 1036/1626–7), Gotha Arab. Cat. v p. 492 no. 18* (old), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356 nos. 261 (ah 1217/1802–3), 319 (ah 1235/1819–20).

§ 383. Ḥaidar b. M. K̲h̲wānsārī.

Zubdat al-taṣānīf (beg. Ḥ. i. bī-ḥ. u st. i bī-ʿadad Maʿbūdī-rā sazad), an exposition of S̲h̲īʿite theology and law, dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās [i probably, ah 995–1038/1587–1629] and divided into a muqaddamah, twelve bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah (or thirteenth bāb): Rieu i 31 a (ends with Bāb viii. 272 foll. ah 1080/1669), Blochet i 69 (363 foll. ah 1091/1680).

§ 384. Qāḍī-zādah ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAbd al-K̲h̲āliq Karahrūdī, a pupil of Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī.

Tuḥfah i s̲h̲āhī (beg. Kas nāmah i anwār jalī na-n’wīsad), on the Imamate, embodying the author’s debates with Qāḍī-zādah K̲h̲wārazmī at the court of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās (ah 995–1038/1587–1629), in a muqaddamah, a qāʿidah and a short k̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 443 no. 1609, Bānkīpūr xiv 1310 (106 foll. ah 1229/1814), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 40 no. 390 (172 foll. ah 1223/1818), possibly also Bodleian iii 2799 (beg. Kas nāmah i anwār jalī na-n’wīsad … wa-baʿd c̲h̲ūn jāmiʿ i majmūʿah i ījādī), though this latter work has no subdivisions nor any mention of Qāḍī-zādah in the preface.

According to the Saiyid i K̲h̲wānsārī [author of the Rauḍāt al-jannāt] as cited in the Mas̲h̲had catalogue, iv p. 40, (unfortunately without specification of the ¶ page) ʿAbd al-K̲h̲āliq wrote two works, entitled Tuḥfah i s̲h̲āhī, a larger and a smaller. The latter may be the anonymous and untitled work described below.

(Tuḥfah i s̲h̲āhī?) (beg. Kunh i k̲h̲iradam dark̲h̲war i it̲h̲bāt i Tu nīst), a bombastic Ṣūfī work on the ḥaqīqat i Murtaḍawī u maqām i ʿAlawī, with an account of a journey to the Ḥijāz and the Mespotomian shrines and of two debates at Bag̲h̲dād on the subject of the Imamate, dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās and described in a note of doubtful authority on the ms. as the “Risālah i Qāḍī-zadah”. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 41 no. 391 (62 foll. Presented by Nādir S̲h̲āh).

§ 385. M. Ṭāhir.

Tuḥfah i ʿAbbāsī (al-Ḥ. l … ai ʿazīz i man bi-dān (bīdār) u āgāh bās̲h̲ kih dunyā), on the five S̲h̲īʿite uṣūl i dīn, in catechetical form: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 452 nos. 1644–5, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1027 (188 foll. Early 19th cent).

§ 386. Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. b. Ḥusain al-ʿĀmilī died at Iṣfahān in 1031/1622 (see pl. iii no. 256, etc.).

Iʿtiqādīyah, in Arabic. i.ḥ. p. 52 no. 243, D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 228 no. 898.

Edition: 1326/1908 (with Hibat al-Dīn S̲h̲ahristānī’s Mawāhib al-mas̲h̲āhid.²⁶ D̲h̲arīʿah, loc. cit.).

Persian translations:

(1)

by Adʾham “ʿUzlatī” Qurais̲h̲ K̲h̲alk̲h̲ālī,²⁷ whose Lawāzim al-dīn, a Persian commentary on al-Bāb al-ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar, was composed in 1037/1627–8 (pl. iv no. 360 (3) supra): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 26 no. 355.

(2)

Anonymous: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 27 no. 356.

§ 387. S. Niẓām al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn ʿAlawī ʿĀmilī, pupil of M. Bāqir Dāmād (d. 1040/1630: cf. Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 579), wrote, in Arabic, a ḥās̲h̲iyah entitled Kas̲h̲f al-ḥaqāʾiq on the latter’s Taqwīm al-īmān (cf i.ḥ. 2634, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 579) and another, entitled Miftāḥ al-S̲h̲ifāʾ and completed in 1026/1617, on the Ilāhīyāt of Ibn Sīnāʾs S̲h̲ifāʾ (cf. i.ḥ. 3034, Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 825, l. 14 from foot).

[Amal al-āmil p. 6²⁰, Rauḍāt al-jannāt p. 116¹⁵, Nujūm al-samāʾ pp. 71–3.]

(1)

al-Lawāmiʿ al-Rabbānīyah fī radd al-s̲h̲ubah al-Naṣrānīyah, a reply completed in Muḥarram 1031/Nov–Dec. 1621 to Pietro Della Valleʾs Risālah (Vat. Pers 7, 8 (1), Rossi pp. 32–33): Browne Pers. Cat 7 (ah 1031/¶ 1622), 8, Vatican Pers. 11 (ah 1031/1622 Rossi p. 36), Blochet i 54 (early 17th cent.), Edinburgh 372,

Description: S. Lee Controversial tracts on Christanity and Mohammedanism by Rev. H. Martyn, Cambridge 1824, preface, pp. xii–ci.

(2)

²⁸Miṣqal i ṣafā dar tajliyah i Āʾīnah i ḥaqq-numā, a refutation completed in Muḥarram 1032/Nov.-Dec. 1622 of Jerome Xavier’s Āʾīnah i ḥaqq-numā (Browne Suppt. 146, Rieu i 4a, Edinburgh 68, Cataloghi v p. 437 no. 4 (Bibl. Casanatense), Vatican Pers. 44 (Rossi p. 74) Blochet iv 2209 (extract, foll 36a–68a); author’s own abridgement Rieu i 4b, Vatican Pers. 47 (Rossi p. 75), Blochet iv 2152): Vatican Borg. Pers. 5 (autograph Muḥ. 1032/Nov–Dec. 1622. Rossi p. 163), Pers. 39 (5) (c. ad 1625. Rossi p. 67), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss. nos. 256 (ah 1032/1622–3?), 257, Blochet i 52 (17th cent.), 53 (fragment), iv 2209 (foll. 1b–35b, fragment from beginning. Late 16th/ early 17th cent.), Rieu i 28 b (17th cent.), Majlis 715.

§ 388. Ad’ham “ʿUzlatī” wāʿiẓ Qurais̲h̲ K̲h̲alk̲h̲ālī began in 1037/1627–8 at Tabrīz his translation of Ḥillī’s al-Bāb al-ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar (see pl. iv no. 360 (3) supra). Among his other works were Hidāyat-nāmah (pl. iv no. 857(1) infra), K̲h̲azāʾin al-naṣāʾiḥ (pl. iv no. 857(2) infra) and a translation of Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʿĀmilī’s Iʿtiqādīyah (see pl. iv no. 386 (1) supra).

[Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 273.]

Mas̲h̲riq al-tauḥīd: Leningrad Univ. 1062 a (Romaskewicz p. 14).

§ 389. Āk̲h̲und Darwēzah²⁹ b. Gadāʾī³⁰ Ningrahārī Pas̲h̲āwarī died in 1048/1638–9 (see K̲h̲azīnat al-aṣfiyāʾ i p. 471; Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 59). His Pushtu work, Mak̲h̲zan al-Islām (Ethé 2632–8), was completed after his death by his son or sons.

(1)

S̲h̲arḥ i Qaṣīdah i Amālī: see pl. iv no. 352 (1) supra.

(2)

Tad̲h̲kirat al-abrār wa-’l-as̲h̲rār (beg. Sp. i bilā ibtidā u t̲h̲. i bi-lā intihā s̲h̲āyān i ḥaḍrat i K̲h̲udā), composed in 1021/1612 and containing (1) a denunciation of heretical beliefs and practices (presumably tad̲h̲kirah i awwal, though not so marked) (2) (tad̲h̲kirah i duwum, p. 107 in the ¶ Peshawar ed. of 1287), an account of the Afg̲h̲āns and of the author’s life among them, (3) (tad̲h̲kirah i siwum, p. 187 in the Peshawar ed. of 1287) stories of the discomfiture of heretics who appeared in his time and other matters: Rieu i 28a (ah 1181/1767), Browne Suppt. 289 (ah 1199/1784–5. King’s 103).

Editions: Peshawar 1287/1870‡ (Muḥammadī Pr. 328 pp.); [Delhi]³¹ 1309/1891–2°* (Hindu Pr. 235 pp.).

§ 390. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī.

Iẓhār al-ḥaqq³² (beg. Ammā baʿd al-ḥ. wa-l-ṣ. mī-gūyad muʾallif i īn musawwadāt ʿA. A. b. ʿA. A. kih agarc̲h̲ih fuḍalāʾ i nāmdār), a compendium of S̲h̲īʿite theology composed in 1039/1629–30 (according to a note on the title-page of the Bānkīpūr ms.): Bānkīpūr xiv 1301 (defective at end. 18th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 no 61.

Edition: 1280/1863–4 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 no. 930, where the place of publication is not mentioned).

§ 391. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq b. Saif al-Dīn al-Turk al-Dihlawī al-Buk̲h̲ārī died in 1052/1642 (see pl. i no. 243, etc.).

(1)

Takmīl al-īmān wa-taqwiyat al-īqān dar bayān i ʿaqāʾid i Islām (beg. (usually): al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-’l-ṣ. wa-’l-s. ʿalā Saiyid al-mursalīn, but in Rieu ii 873 b (1) al-Ḥ. l. ’l. hadānā sawāʾa ’l-ṭarīq), on the principal dogmas: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1336 nos. 88 (ah 1039/1629–30), 478 (ah 1141/1728–9), Ivanow Curzon 367 (ah 1128/1716), Ivanow 1078 (ah 1146/1733–4), Rieu ii 873 b (ah 1130/1717), 827 b (ah 1215/1801), Ethé 2584 (ah 1144/1731), 2583, 2585, Bānkīpūr xiv 1284 (18th cent.), 1283 (modern), Tashkent Univ. 6 (ah 1261/1845), Pub. Lib. (ah 1257/1841. Kahl 59), Madrās ii 550 (ah 1270/1854), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 11, Aumer 330, Bodleian 1789, Peshawar 1867 (3).

Editions: [Calcutta 1837*] (168 pp.); Lucknow 1297/1882° (108 pp.).

English translation: Articles of the faith of Islam … by Shaikh Ahmad Munshi, Bombay 1894° (44 pp.).

Urdu translation: Sabīl al-jinān, by Mīr ʿAlī: Cawnpore 1868*; 1873°, 1881.

(2)

Faḍīlat i ṣalāt (beg. Bi-dān-kih fawāʾid i ṣalāt i Nabawīyah ʿalaihi akmal al-ṣalāt wa-’l-taḥīyah az ḥadd i iḥṣā mutajāwiz ast), on the merits of invoking blessing on the Prophet, presumably identical with the Targ̲h̲īb ¶ ahl al-saʿādāt ʿalā takt̲h̲īr al-ṣalawāt ʿalā Saiyid al-Kāʾināt (ʿA. al-Ḥ’s list of his works, ed. Hidāyat Ḥusain, jasb. N. S. xxii (1926) p. 50): Bānkīpūr xiv 1285 (22 foll. 18th cent.).

(3)

Irsāl al-makātīb wa-’l-rasāʾil ilā arbāb al-kamāl wa-’l-faḍāʾil, a collection of 67 or 68 letters and short tracts on subjects relating to Ṣūfism, theology, etc. (for the titles see the author’s list of his own works, ed. Hidāyat Ḥusain, in jasb. N. S. xxii (1926) pp. 54–9).

Editions: Delhi 1880‡ (Kitāb al-makātib … Mujtabāʾī Pr.); Delhi 1332/1914‡ (on the margin of the Ak̲h̲bār al-ak̲h̲yār (cf. pl. i no. 1298 (1)). Mujtabāʾī Pr.).

§ 392. M. S̲h̲arīf b Aḥmad b. Ḥasan al-Buk̲h̲ārī.

Tuḥfah i Aurangīyāh (beg. al- Ḥ. l. ’l. dallanā ʿalā maʿrifat), an exposition of the Sunnite creed and a refutation of heretical sects composed in 1049/1639–40 for the instruction of Prince Aurangzēb and dedicated to S̲h̲āh-Jahān: Ethé 2629 (ah 1176/1763).

§ 393. ʿAbd al-Razzāq “Faiyād” b. ʿAlī Lāhijī lived at Qum in the time of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii (ah 1052–77/1642–1666).

[Hadīyat al-aḥbāb p. 234.]

Sarmāyah i īmān, composed in 1058/1648: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl 1, mss. nos. 145 (ah 1115/1703–4), 144 (ah 1120/1708–9) 146, iv p. 162 no. 753, Maʿārif i 84 (ah 1151/1738–9), Vollers 906.

Editions: Bombay 1304/1886–7 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 33, iv p. 318).

§ 394. S. Rafīʿ al-Dīn, called Mīrzā Rafīʿā, M. b. Ḥaidar Ḥasanī Ṭabāṭabāʾī Nāʾīnī died at Iṣfahān in 1080/1670 or 1082/1672 (see pl. iv no. 64 supra).

S̲h̲ajarah i Ilāhīyah dar ʿaqāʾid i ʿIt̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah (beg. Ḥ. i. bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd Maʿbūdī rā sazad), completed in 1047/1638, dedicated to S̲h̲āh Ṣafī and divided into a muqaddamah and eight maṭlabs: i.ḥ. p. 317, Rieu i 31 b (110 foll. ah 1056/1646), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1344 no. 402.

§ 395. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb³³ b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. M. b al-Ḥusain b. Naẓar ʿAlī b. Murtaḍā-Qulī S̲h̲īrāzī, a resident of Daibul³⁴ [or of Delhi, or of both] was a Ḥanafī who became a convert to S̲h̲īʿism.

¶ Ibṣār al-mustabṣirīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. atamma ḥujjatahu), a scurrilous attack, composed in 1042/1632–3 [or after 1062/1652?]³⁵ on the first three Caliphs and on the Sunnite faith: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 66, Bānkīpūr xiv 1330 (101 foll. 19th cent.), xvii 1721 (ah 1244/1828), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 1 no. 293, p. 2 no. 294.

Edition: Bombay 1287/1870‡ (in Maḥmūd b. M. Kāẓim Māzandarānī’s miscellany Maṭāriḥ al-anẓār, pp. 337–85).

§ 396. M. Muqīm b. Kamāl³⁶ (or Jamāl³⁷) al-Dīn Ḥusain Ḥusainī Astarābādī is the author of a Risālah dar faḍīlat i ʿilm u ʿulamāʾ composed not earlier than 1052/1642 (pl. i no. 1582 (2)).

(Taḥqīq i maʿād u ḥashr i ajsād), or (Risālah fī ’l-maʿād), dedicated to ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (ah 1035–83/1626–72) and divided into a tabṣirah, a maṭlab, a takmilah and a k̲h̲ātimah: i.ḥ. 1523, Bodleian 1792 (foll. 273–320, slightly defective at end apparently).

§ 397. Bābā Fatḥ-Muḥammad b. ʿAin al-ʿurafāʾ Burhānpūrī has already been mentioned as the author of the Miftāḥ al-ṣalāt, a Ḥanafī work (pl. iv no. 60 supra).

Futūḥ al-iʿtiqād: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352 no. 477 (defective at end).

§ 398. Ḥusām al-Dīn Yaḥyā Lāhijī.

Tauḍīḥāt (beg. Afsar i suk̲h̲an), a short work on theology, composed in 1052/1643: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 56 no. 431 (11 foll.).

§ 399. S. M. ʿAbd al-Ḥusain b. Aḥmad ʿAlawī Ḥusainī ʿĀmilī.

Sidrat al-muntahā (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-Wāḥid al-Qadīm), S̲h̲īʿite theology with a Ṣūfī tinge, completed in 1062/1652, dedicated to Sulṭān ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh [of Golconda, ah 1035–83/1626–72: cf pl. i no. 1024] and divided into ten irs̲h̲āds subdivided into sidrahs: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 161 no. 752 (309 foll.).

¶ § 400. ʿAlī b. Ṭaifūr Bisṭāmī flourished under ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (ah 1035–83/1626–72) and translated Ṭabarsīʾs Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq in 1065/1655 (see pl. i nos. 218 Persian translations (4), 262 Persian translations (1)).

Risālah i Maʿṣūmīyah dar bayān i aḥwāl i uk̲h̲rawīyah (beg. Ba-nām i K̲h̲udāʾī kih jān āfrīd .. St. i bī-ālāyis̲h̲ kih lawāmiʿ ṭawāliʿ), in ornate prose: Ivanow 1115 (ah 1089/1678).

§ 401. M. Yūsuf b. Āqā Bēg Dihk̲h̲wāraqānī.

Kas̲h̲f al-g̲h̲umūḍ wa-bayān al-rumūz (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. alhamanā), on theological, ethical and other matters, begun in 1071/1660–1, dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii (ah 1052–77/1642–1666) and divided into a muqaddamah, five fanns and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 225 no. 943 (Fann i only. 34 foll. ah 1088/1677).

§ 402. ʿAlī b. Dāwud al-K̲h̲ādim al-Astarābādī.

Ansāb al-Nawāṣib (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-ḥ. u q. K̲h̲āliqī rā), on the pedigrees and matters to the discredit of Yazīd and other persons obnoxious to the S̲h̲īʿah, completed in 1076/1665, in the reign of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii, and divided into fifty-one bābs: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 388 no. 1543, where some mss. at Najaf are mentioned, Bodleian iii 2798 (ah 1098/1687), Mas̲h̲had v p. 29 nos. 387–90 (all 19th cent.), Rieu i 32b–33a (ah 1266/1850).

§ 403. S̲h̲. Wajīh al-Dīn i T̲h̲ānī b. ʿĪsā b. Ādam Gōpāmauʾī Suhrawardī died in 1084/1673–4 according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue.

(1)

ʿAqāʾid i Wajīhī: Āṣafīyah iii p. 754 no. 70 (1) (ah 1244/1828–9).

(2)

Nafāʾis i Wajīhī. See pl. iv no. 858 infra.

(3)

Risālah i sajdah i taḥīyah: Āṣafīyah iii p. 754 no. 70 (3) (same date).

§ 404. The anonymous author of the Dabistān, probably a poet calling himself “Mūbad”, was born shortly before 1028/1619 at Patnah, the headquarters of the Sipāsī or Ābādī sect of the Parsees [cf. pl. i no. 326]. He lived in various parts of India and in 1063/1653 was at Chicacole [Sīkākul]. He seems to have been a Parsee,³⁸ and indeed, according to the Mas̲h̲had catalogue (iv p. 308²), his name ¶ is given as Mūbad Afrāsyāb in Mānekjī Līmjī’s muqaddamah to the Farāzistān (cf. pl. i no. 329, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 255). In the preface to “Ārzū’s” Majmaʿ al-nafāʾis (cf pl. i no. 1149) the Dabistān is ascribed to Mullā Mūbad (Rieu iii p. 1081 a) and in the Maʾāt̲h̲ir al-umarāʾ (Cf. pl i no. 1471 6th par.), where the work is called Dabistān i Mūbadī (ii pp. 381¹⁴, 391⁴), the author is said to be “D̲h̲ū ’l-Faqār Ardistānī [var. Ād̲h̲ar Sāsānī³⁹] Mūbad takhalluṣ” (ii p. 392⁸). Similarly in the colophon of a ms. dated 1209/1794 he was called Mīr D̲h̲ū ’l-Faqār ʿAlī al-Ḥusainī al-mutak̲h̲alliṣ bi-Mūbad S̲h̲āh (Rieu i p. 142 b. Cf. Ivanow 1134, the colophon of which gives the author’s name as “D̲h̲ū ’l-Fiqār-Beg, with the takhalluṣ Muʾayyad (or Mūbad?)”). Other persons named as the author are M. Amīn Nāmah-nigār (bm. mss add. 16, 670 and 16, 671) and S̲h̲. M. Muḥsin “Fānī” Kas̲h̲mīrī⁴⁰ (e g. bm. add. 7613, Browne Pers. Cat. 64). The latter is stated in some mss. to be the author of a rubāʿī quoted at the beginning of the work.

Dabistān, as it is called in the preface, or, as it is sometimes called, Dabistān i mad̲h̲āhib (beg. ai nām i Tu sar-daftar i aṭfāl i dabistān), an account of religions and philosophies, composed partly in 1055/1645 (mentioned as the date of composition in Taʿlīm ii), completed probably in, or soon after, 1063/1653 (mentioned early in Taʿlīm ii) and divided into twelve taʿlīms ((1) Pārsīs, (2) Hindus, (3) Qarā-Tubbatīs, (4) Jews, (5) Christians, (6) Muslims, (7) Ṣādiqīs, (8) Wāḥidīs, (9) Raus̲h̲anīs, (10) Ilāhīs, (11) Philosophers, (12) Ṣūfīs):⁴¹ Ency. Isl. [1st ed.] under Dabistān (Horovitz), [2nd ed. under Dabistān al-Mad̲h̲āhib (Horovitz-[Massé]) v.s.], Bodleian 1791 (168 foll. Lacunae ah 1186/1772), iii 2801 (ah 1218/1803), Rieu i 141 a (ah 1206/1792), 141 b – 143 (4 mss.), Rehatsek p. 195 nos. 40 (ah 1209/1794–5), 41, Lindesiana p. 137 no. 189, p. 138 nos. 190, 75, Bānkīpūr xvi 1457, 1458, Ivanow 1134, Edinburgh 69, Ellis Coll M 283, Ethé 2542–7, Upsala Zetterstéen 477, Blochet i 356–8, Aumer 325, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1538 no. 102, ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 4 no. 5 (defective at both ends), Berlin 229, Browne Pers. Cat. 63 (lacunae), 64 (Taʿlīms iv-xii), Cambridge 2nd Suppt. 349, Peshawar 712, r.a.s. P 12.

Editions: Bombay 1222/1808 (327 pp. See Karatay p. 115; 1262/1846° (D.i.m. 334 pp.), 1267/1851 (D. al-m. [sic]. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 307), 1277/1861° ¶ (D. al-m. [sic]. 327 pp.); 1292/1875°* (D. al-m. Ed. Ibrāhīm b. Nūr M. 324 pp. (so Edwards), or 327 pp. (so Arberry)), [Calcutta] 1224/1809°* (edited by Nāẓir As̲h̲raf (so Edwards) or Naẓar As̲h̲raf (so Arberry) under the superintendence of W.B. Bayley. 545 pp.); [Ṭihrān] 1260/1844 (see Rieu i 141b¹, Berlin 229); place? 1267/1851 (291 foll. See Karatay p. 115); Lucknow 1294/1877°* (D. i m. n. k. 396 pp.), 1881° (n. k. 396 pp.); 1904° (396 pp.).

Extracts in Zarātus̲h̲t-nāmah, for which see pl i no. 201, Add. ad loc.

English translation: The Dabistán, or School of Manners, translated … with notes .., by D. Shea⁴² and A. Troyer⁴³…; edited with a preliminary discourse, by the latter. London (Paris printed) 1843°* (Oriental Translation Fund. 3 vols.),

Abridgment of the above translation: Oriental literature, or The Dabistan. Translated .. by David Shea and Anthony Troyer. Introduction [4 pp.] by A.V. Williams Jackson. New York 1937‡ (411 pp.).

Translation of first taʿlīm: The Dabistán, or School of Manners. [Pt. i] Translated by F. Gladwin⁴⁴ (in New Asiatic Miscellany, Vol. i (Calcutta 1789°) pp. 86–136).

German translation of Gladwin’s English: Scheik Muhammed Fani’s Dabistan oder von der Religion der ältesten Parsen. Aus der persischen Urschrift von Sir [sic] Francis Gladwin ins Englische, aus diesem ins Deutsche übersetzt von F. v. Dalberg., Aschaffenburg 1809* (118 pp.), .. Neue Ausgabe. Bamberg & Würzburg (Offenbach printed) 1817°* (118 pp.).

English translation of Taʿlīm ix (Raus̲h̲anīs) by J. Leyden (in Asiatic researches xi (Calcutta) pp. 406–20. Original draught bm ms add. 26, 572)

Discussion of authorship by H. Beveridge in jras. 1908 pp. 165–6.

§ 405. ʿAlī al-Riḍā “Tajallī” b. Kamāl al-Dīn Ḥusain [Ardakānī S̲h̲īrāzī] died at S̲h̲īrāz in 1085/1674–5 or 1088/1677 (see Sprenger p. 150, Rieu ii p. 738, etc.).

Safīnat al-Najāt (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Fāṭiri ’l-samawāti wa-’l-arḍ wa-jāʿili ’l-malāʾikati), fī ’l-kalām according to i.ḥ. 1664, or, according to Vollers, on controversy between S̲h̲īʿites and Sunnites, completed in 1067/ 1656–7 and divided into three maqāms and a k̲h̲ātimah. i.ḥ. 1664, Vollers 904, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 162 no. 755 (164 foll. ah 1240/1825).

Edition: Bombay 1306/1888–9 (Hazār masʾalah musammā bah Ṣirāṭ al-najāt, by S̲h̲. Murtaḍā Anṣārī with the Safīnat al-najāt and M. Bāqir ¶ Majlisī’s Risālah i rajʿat. See Āṣafīyah iii p. 478. Another edition (?) Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 625).

§ 406. M. Ṭāhir b. M. Ḥusain S̲h̲īrāzī Najafī Qummī, an Ak̲h̲bārī legist, who attacked the philosophers and Ṣūfīs in his Arabic work Ḥikmat al-ʿārifīn (i.ḥ. 1027, D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 58, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 95), died in 1098/1686–7 (see pl. iv no. 70 supra).

Ḥaqq al-yaqīn fī usūl al-dīn: D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 40, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 94 no. 550 (defective. 10 foll.).

§ 407. Mīrzā M b. Ḥasan S̲h̲irwānī Iṣfahānī, known as Mīrzā-yi S̲h̲irwānī and as Mullā Mīrzā, died in 1097/1686 or 1099/1688. (see pl iv no. 76 supra).

Risālah dar badāʾ: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 56 no. 144, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 112 nos. 600 (5 foll.), 601 (12 foll.).

§ 408. M. Muʾmin Ḥusainī Tunukābunī is doubtless identical with the author of the Tuḥfat al-muʾminīn, a materia medica dedicated to S̲h̲āh Sulaimān (see pl. ii no. 62).

Tabṣirat al-muʾminīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. [’l.] yahdī man yas̲h̲āʾu), completed in 1086/1675: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 325, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 62 (62 foll.).

§ 409. “Afḍal” appears to have been a disciple of M. Amīn Naqs̲h̲bandī, the author of the Ḍarūrī.

Naẓm al-laʾālī (a chronogram = 1092/1681. Beg. Ibtidā kardam ba-nām i pāk i Ḥaq), a metrical exposition of elementary theology: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2255 (foll. 37b–52a. 18th cent.).

§ 410. M. Naṣr Allāh b. S̲h̲. Niẓām was presumably a son of the chief compiler of the Fatāwā-yi ʿĀlamgīrī, S̲h̲. Niẓām Burhānpūrī (for whom see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 242).

Tad̲h̲kirat al-ʿaqāʾid (beg. Bihtarīn kalāmī-kih ṭūṭiyān), 130 principles of theology, in a muqaddamah, five bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah, composed by order of ʿĀlamgīr [Aurangzēb, 1069–1119/1659–1707]: Rāmpūr (= Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 21. ah 1123/1711).

§ 411. Mulla M. Muḥsin “Faiḍ” Kas̲h̲ānī died after 1090/1679 (see pl. iv no. 66, etc.).

Tarjamat al-ʿaqāʾid, known also as Has̲h̲t dar (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd K̲h̲udāwand i Jahān-ārāy i Dil-gus̲h̲āy rā), a popular exposition of S̲h̲īʿite beliefs in eight chapters: i.ḥ. 559, D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 117 no. 560; Rieu ii 845 a (early 18th cent.), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 47 no. 405.

¶ § 412. ʿAbd Allāh b. S̲h̲āh Manṣūr al-Qazwīnī (maulid^an) al-Ṭūsī (maskin^an) was a contemporary of M. b. al-Ḥasan al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī (d. 1099/1688), who describes him in the Amal al-āmil (p. 49¹⁴) as a legist and traditionist and mentions his G̲h̲adīrīyah as well as a Persian commentary on the Alfīyah of Ibn Mālik.

G̲h̲adīrīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Bāʿit̲h̲ al-rusul raḥmat^an li-l-ʿālamīn), in support of the Imāmate of ʿAlī: i.ḥ. 2167, Būhār 124 (19th cent.).

§ 413. S. Hās̲h̲im b. Sulaimān Katkānī Baḥrānī died in 1107/1695 (see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii pp. 506, 533).

G̲h̲āyat al-marām wa-ḥujjat al-k̲h̲iṣām fī taʿyīn al-imām min ṭarīq al-k̲h̲āṣṣ wa-’l-ʿāmm, in Arabic: i.ḥ. 2164, Tihrān 1272/1855‡ (784 pp.).

Persian translation: Kifāyat al-k̲h̲iṣām fī taʿyīn al-imām, undertaken by order of Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh and completed in 1275/1859 by S̲h̲. M. Taqī b. ʿAlī Dizfūlī. Tihrān 1277/1860–1 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 306).

§ 414. M. Bāqir b. M. Taqī al-Majlisī died in 1110/1698–9 or 1111/1699–1700 (see pl. i no. 247, etc.).

(1)

ʿAin al-ḥayāt: see pl. iv no. 312 (1) supra.

(2)

Ḥaqq al-yaqīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-Wāḥid al-Aḥad al-Fard al-Ṣamad al-ʿAlīm al-Qadīr), completed in 1109/1698, dedicated to S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain (1105–35/1694–1722), and divided into six bābs ((1) Godʾs existence and attributes, (2) attributes not to be ascribed to God, (3) attributes belonging to God’s acts, (4) Prophetship, (5) Imamate, a chapter amounting to more than half of the work, (6) the future life (maʿād)): i.ḥ. 1019, D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 40 no. 204, Browne Lit. Hist. iv pp. 417–20, Rieu i 33 a (ah 1114/1702), Bānkīpūr xiv 1315 (ah 1147/1734–5), Būhār 122 (ah 1218/1804), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 4, mss., no. 100 (ah 1236/1820–1), no. 99 (ah 1265/1849), v pp. 77–8 nos. 507–9, Ellis Coll. M 261 (ah 1237/1821–2), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 200, Ivanow Curzon 390 (19th cent), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iv (1863) p. 498), Univ. no. 233 (Salemann-Rosen p. 14).

Editions: Ṭihrān 1241/1825° (278 foll. cf. ras. cat.), 1281/1864–5 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 4, ptd. bks., no. 75); 1305/1887–8 (ibid., no. 76), Lucknow Jaʿfarī Pr. 1300/1883* (384 pp. cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 520).

(3)

Risālah dar bayān i farq bain i ṣifāt i d̲h̲āt u ṣifāt i fiʿl i Ḥaq taʿālā (beg. al-Ḥ l. wa-ṣ. ʿalā ʿibādihi. a. b. bāyad dānist kih ṣifāt): i.ḥ. 1477, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1028 (8 foll. ah 1220/1806), 1st Suppt. 827 (3) (ah 1252/1836–7).

Edition: Lucknow 1886‡ (in Majmūʿah i rasāʾil i sabʿ See under pl. iv no. 80 (13)).

(4)

¶ Risālah i badāʾ⁴⁵: i.ḥ. 1274, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 54 no. 137, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1063 (3) (foll. 14–21. ah 1250/1835–6), 1st Suppt. 827 (4) (ah 1252/1836–7), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1342 no. 255, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 112 no. 602 (9 foll.)

Editions: [Benares?] 1265/1849° (Risālah i badʾ u jabr u tafwīḍ, the second tract on the margin. 16 pp.); Lucknow 1886‡ (in a Majmūʿah i rasāʾil i sabʿ, which contains also the Risālah i jabr u tafwīḍ and other works⁴⁶).

(5)

Risālah i jabr u tafwīḍ (beg al H. l. wa-salām a. b. S̲h̲. i Ṣadūq), a translation of a tradition related in the ʿUyūn ak̲h̲bār al-Riḍā (for which see pl. i no. 262), completed apparently in Rajab 1089/Aug.-Sept. 1678: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 96 no. 442 (Tarjamat ḥadīt̲h̲ al-jabr wa-’l-tafwīd), v p. 84, l. 14 (al-j. wa-’l-t.), Rieu ii 857a (ah 1230/1815), Mas̲h̲had v p. 424 no. 644 (3), Ivanow 1st Suppt 827 (5).

Editions: see under Risālah i badāʾ above.

(6)

Risālah i rajʿat⁴⁷ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-l-ṣ. ʿalā as̲h̲raf al-anbiyāʾ wa-’l-mursalīn … a. b. c̲h̲unīn gūyad M. B. b. M. T. kih c̲h̲ūn bar kāffah i arbāb i fiṭnat), completed after the Biḥār al-anwār (see pl. iv no. 312 (3) supra) and dedicated to S̲h̲āh Sulaimān [ah 1077–1105/1666–94]: i.ḥ. 1397, Bānkīpūr xvii 1722 (18th cent.), xiv 1316 (61 foll. 19th cent.), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1035 (foll. 16–75. Early 19th cent.).

Editions: Lucknow 1884° (67 pp), Bombay 1306 (accompanying Murtaḍā Anṣārīʾs Ṣirāṭ al-najāt and ʿAlī Ridā S̲h̲īrāzī’s Safīnat al-najāt. See Āṣafīyah iii p. 478 ult.).

§ 415. M. Masīḥ “Maʿnī” b. Ismāʿīl Fasāʾī a pupil of Ḥusain K̲h̲wānsārī (cf. pl. i no. 33 2nd footnote, Add. ad loc.) and one of “Ḥazīn’s” teachers, was S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām in Fārs and died at an advanced age (in 1115/1703–4 according to the printed text of Naṣrābādī, but this date seems too early).

[Naṣrābādī p. 174, “Ḥazīn” Tad̲h̲kirat al-aḥwāl p. 69, Belfourʾs trans. p. 76, Tad̲h̲kirat al-muʿāṣirīn (Sprenger p. 135), Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 2603.]

It̲h̲bāt i Wājib (beg. yā Man minhu): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 109 no. 528, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 5 no. 302 (54 foll.).

§ 416. Ḥasan b. ʿAbd al-Razzāq Lāhijī Qummī, whose father wrote the Gauhar i murād, lived at Qum, where he was visited near the end of his life by M. ʿAlī ¶ “Ḥazīn”, then a mere boy⁴⁸ (Tad̲h̲kirat al-aḥwāl, ed. Belfour, p. 45, trans. Belfour, p. 50). According to the Riyāḍ [al-ʿulamāʾ], cited in the D̲h̲arīʿah (v p. 130²), he died in 1121/1709–10.

[Nujūm al-samāʾ p. 184.]

S̲h̲amʿ i yaqīn, composed in 1092/1681: Āṣafīyah iii p. 548 no. 1256.

Edition: 1303/1885–6 (S̲h̲. al-y. yā āʾīnah i dīn. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 326).

§ 417. M Ṣādiq Ardistānī probably flourished early in the 18th century, since the translator of his work, alive in 1206/1791–2, was the grandson of a pupil of his (jadd i mutarjim s̲h̲āgird i Ardistānī būd).

Risālah dar taḥqīq i jaʿl (beg. Nisbat i majʿūl ba-jāʿil mumkin nīst kih ba-naḥw i fardīyat bās̲h̲ad): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 117 no. 616 (4 foll. ah 1206/1792).

Arabic translation by M. Mahdī b. Hidāyat Allāh b. M. Ṭāhir Mūsawī: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 117 no. 616 (b) (3 foll. ah 1206/1792, in the translator’s lifetime).

§ 418. S. M. As̲h̲raf b. ʿAbd al-Ḥasīb Ḥusainī ʿĀmilī Iṣfahānī was a pupil of M. Bāqir Majlisī.

Faḍāʾil al-Sādāt, completed in 1102/1690–1 and dedicated to S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain: Tihrān 1314/1896–7 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 298).

§ 419. For S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain [ah 1105–35/1694–1722] was composed:

Bīnis̲h̲: g̲h̲araḍ i āfrīnis̲h̲ (beg. Ḥ. u sp. i bī-q. Ḥakīmī rā sazā-st), on the uṣūl i dīn in paragraphs introduced by the words agar kasī gūyad .. gūʾīm: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 195 no. 706, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 49 (ah 1116/1704–5).

§ 420. Mīrzā M. b. Muʿtamad K̲h̲ān has already been mentioned as the author of the Tārīk̲h̲ i Muḥammadī begun in 1124/1712–13 (pl. i no. 169, Add. ad loc.) and of the ʿIbrat-nāmah, his memoirs from 1117/1705–6 to 1131/1719 (pl. i no. 769).

Tuḥfat al-muḥibbīn bi-manāqib al-K̲h̲ulafāʾ al-Rās̲h̲idīn, an Arabic work completed in 1125/1717: Rāmpūr Arab. Cat. p. 668.

Persian commentary: Hadīyat al-s̲h̲āʾiqīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-insāna wa-maiyazahu), written at the request of Nawwāb Saʿd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān Quṭb al-Daulah Bahādur by Raḍī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. M.: Bānkīpūr Suppt. i 1756 (19th cent.).

¶ § 421. Ḥāfiẓ Ḥusain Qādirī.

Bidāyat al-irs̲h̲ād fī ’l-ādāb wa-’l-iʿtiqād (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. K̲h̲udāy i yaktā rā kih irs̲h̲ād), a catechism completed in 1126/1714 and divided into five bābs on Islamic beliefs and the various kinds of mistakes and sins that must be avoided: Ivanow 1087 (ah 1126/1714, autograph), 1088 (defective at end. 18th cent.).

§ 422. ʿAlī-Qulī jadīd al-Islām was a Christian clergyman (pādrī) who embraced al-Islām.

(1)

Hidāyat al-muḍillīn⁴⁹ wa-taqwiyat al-muʾminīn, a refutation of Christianity and a defence of Shīʿite Islām in four jilds translated for S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain Ṣafawī [1105–35/1694–1722] from an English (?)⁵⁰ work written by the author for the enlightenment of Christians: Rehatsek p. 214 no. 85 (Vol. i only. ah 1222/1807), Bānkīpūr xiv 1318 (Vol. i only. 433 foll. ah 1266/1850).

(2)

Saif al-muʾminīn fī qitāl al-mus̲h̲rikīn: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 165 no. 759.

§ 423. Ṣadr al-Dīn M. [b] Zabardast K̲h̲ān flourished about 1135/1722–3 (see pl. i no. 1466).

(1)

Iʿtiqād al-Ṣadr, in four chapters (bīnis̲h̲): Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1237/1822. ocm. x/1 p. 90).

(2)

Ṣirāṭ al-Ṣadr, dar it̲h̲bāt i Wājib: Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1237/1822. ocm. x/1 p. 90).

§ 424. ʿAbd al-Nabī [b. ʿAbd al-Rasūl] Aḥmadnagarī, who has already been mentioned (pl. i no. 1011), wrote (in 1144/1731–2 according to Rahmān ʿAlī) a commentary on the Kāfiyah of Ibn al-Ḥājib (pl. iii no. 246 (1), Persian commentaries (b)).

Saif al-mubtadiʿīn: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 603.

§ 425. Ḥājjī M. Hās̲h̲im b. ʿAbd al-G̲h̲afūr Sindī Sīwastānī, who died in 1174/1760–1, wrote in 1135/1723 Ḥayāt al-qulūb fī ziyārat al-Maḥbūb (see pl. iv no. 89 supra).

ʿAqāʾid al-Sunnīyah wa-faḍāʾil al-Ṣaḥābah: Āṣafīyah iii p. 548 no. 1246.

§ 426. Walī Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Dihlawī died in 1176/1762–3 (see pl. i no. 35).

(1)

Balāg̲h̲ al-mubīn (a chronogram = 1166/1753) on the visitation of graves (dar ibṭāl i ʿaqāʾid i gūr-parastān according to the Peshawar cat. 715(1)): Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2186 (foll. 91–113. Apparently the latter part only).

¶ Editions: Lahore [1879*] (68 pp.); 1890° (66 pp.).

(2)

Izālat al-k̲h̲afāʾ ʿan k̲h̲ilāfat al-K̲h̲ulafāʾ (al-Ḥ. l. ’l. baʿat̲h̲a ilainā as̲h̲raf al-rusul), an exposition, in two maqṣads, of the Sunnite view concerning the first four Caliphs in reply to S̲h̲īʿite propaganda in the author’s time: Bānkīpūr xiv 1286 (ah 1213/1799), 1287 (defective at end), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 no. 51 (ah 1286/1869–70).

Edition: Bareilly 1286/1869* (2 vols. Pp. 336, 284. With marginal notes by M. Aḥsan Ṣiddīqī).

(3)

Qurrat al-ʿainain fī tafḍīl al-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ain, see pl. i no. 285, Add. ad loc.

(4)

Tuḥfat al-muwaḥḥidīn, on the unity of God: Delhi [1894°] (with an Urdu translation by M. Rahīm-bak̲h̲s̲h̲. 32 pp).

§ 427. M. ʿAlī “Ḥazīn” Jīlānī died at Benares in 1180/1766 (see pl. i no. 1150).

(1)

Mawāʾid al-asḥār, “on Shīʿite Theology”: Browne Suppt. 1280 (110 foll. Modern).

(2)

Taḥqīq i maʿād i rūḥānī, “on the theological and mystical meaning of the doctrine of resurrection”: Ivanow Curzon 752 (1) (18th cent.), 2nd Suppt. 1043 (3).

§ 428. Amīn al-Dīn Aḥmad [b. Saif al-Dīn M.] Ṣiddīqī Alwarī [read Ailaurī?] is the author of a Mīrāt̲h̲-nāmah i manẓūm (Ivanow 1053, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1128) and of Jalāʾ al-baṣāʾir fī maʿrifat al-kabāʾir (Ivanow 1093).

Sirāj al-ʿaqāʾid (beg. Laʾāliʾ i ābdār), denunciation of heresies, especially S̲h̲īʿite doctrines, [composed in 1179 [sic?]⁵¹ according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue and] dedicated to Sirāj al-Daulah Anwar al-Dīn K̲h̲ān Mansūr-Jang [presumably A. al-D. K̲h̲. of the Carnatic, d 1162/1749. Cf. pl. i no. 1084]: Ivanow 1139 (73 foll. ah 1185, autograph), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 379 (ah 1218/1803–4).

§ 429. G̲h̲ulām-Muḥyī ’l-Dīn S. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf [“D̲h̲auqī”] died in 1194/1780 (see pl. i no. 909, Add. ad loc.).

Ins̲h̲āʾ i ʿaqāʾid, composed in 1186/1772–3: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 no. 258 (ah 1217/1802–3).

§ 430. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn [b. Niẓām al-Dīn] Aurangābādī was born at Aurangābād in 1126/1714 and died at Delhi in 1199/1785 (see pl. i no. 1372 4th par. footnote).

¶ Niẓām al-ʿaqāʾid (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar K̲h̲āliq i Wadūd), written at the request of some of the author’s friends at Pākpattan⁵²: Rāmpūr (ah 1277/1860. See Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 25).

§ 431. Mīr G̲h̲ulām-ʿAlī “Āzād” Bilgrāmī died in 1200/1786 (see pl. i no. 1162).

Sanad al-saʿādāt fī ḥusn k̲h̲ātimat al-Sādāt (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. arsala ilainā ḥabībahu), a tract on the privileges of the Prophetʿs descendants: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346, iii p. 662, Ethé 2670 (foll. 269b–277).

Edition: Bombay 1282/1865–6 (see S. S̲h̲ams Allāh Qādirī Qāmūs al-aʿlām (in Urdu) pt. 1 (Ḥaidarābād 1935), under Āzād).

§ 432. M. ʿAlī b. M. Bāqir b. M. Akmal Bihbahānī died in 1216/1801–2 (see pl. iv no. 106 supra).

Sunnat al-hidāyah li-hidāyat al-Sunnah (beg. aḥmaduhu ʿalā nawālihi), a short work on the Imāmate composed in 1189/1775 at the request of a Sunnī, and divided into a muqaddamah, three faṣls and a khātimah: Mas̲h̲had i, fsl 1, mss, no. 148 (155 foll. ah 1193/1779), iv p. 164 no. 757 (breaks off towards end of Faṣl 1 23 foll.).

§ 433. S. G̲h̲ulām-Ḥusain K̲h̲ān Ṭabāṭabāʾī is well known as the author of the Siyar al-mutaʾak̲h̲k̲h̲irīn completed in 1195/1783 (see pl. i no. 802).

(S̲h̲arḥ i aḥādīt̲h̲ i Fawātiḥ),⁵³ on the prerogatives of ʿAlī and his descendants, expounded from the S̲h̲īʿite point of view on the basis of traditions which Mīr Ḥusain Maibud̲h̲ī had quoted in his Fawātiḥ⁵⁴ and explained in accordance with Sunnite doctrine: Bānkīpūr xiv 1319 (slightly defective at both ends. 68 foll. 19th cent.).

§ 434. G̲h̲ulām-Ḥusain.

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ʿaqāʾid (beg. al-Ḥ. l. K̲h̲āliq al-arḍ wa-’l-samāʾ), completed in 1199/1785: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1004 (123 foll. Early 19th cent).

§ 435. M. b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb, the founder of Wahhābism, was born at ʿUyainah in Najd in 1115/1703–4 and died at al-Darʿīyah in 1206/1792 (see Brockelmann ii p. 390, Sptbd. ii p. 530, Ency. Isl under Wahhābīya (D.S. Margoliouth), etc.).

¶ Uṣūl al-īmān,⁵⁵ Faḍl al-Islām,⁵⁶ Kitāb al-kabāʾir:⁵⁷ Lahore [1877*] (Muḥammadī Pr. Persian versions with the Arabic texts in the margin. 84 pp.).

§ 436. M. Mahdī b. Abī D̲h̲arr al-Nirāqī, who died in 1209/1794–5, has already been mentioned (pl. i no. 287, etc.) as the author of the Muḥarriq al-qulūb and other works.

(1)

Anīs al-muwaḥḥidīn (beg. Anīs i muwaḥḥidīn u jalīs i mujarridīn sipās i bī-q. u st. rafīʿ al-asās i Yagānah īst), on S̲h̲īʿite theology in five bābs ((1) dar it̲h̲bāt i Ṣāniʿ, (2) dar ṣifāt i Bārī, (3) dar nubuwwat, (4) dar imāmat, (5) dar maʿād): D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 466 ult., Browne Coll. C. 16 (9) (1) (ah 1216/1801), Suppt. 137 (ah 1219/1805), Maʿārif i 81 (ah 1220/1805–6).

Editions: Persia 1271/1854–5 (unpaginated. Mus̲h̲ār i 177); Tihrān 1321/1903–4 (160 pp. with the same author’s Kanz al-rumūz Mus̲h̲ār ibid.), 1325/1907 (147 pp. Mus̲h̲ār ibid.); India 1322/1904–5 (104 pp. Mus̲h̲ār ibid); Qum 1365/1946 (99 pp. with the Kanz al-rumūz. Mus̲h̲ār ibid).

(2)

Kanz al-rumūz.

Editions (all with Anīs al-muwaḥḥidīn): Tihrān 1321/1903–4 (Mus̲h̲ār i 1285); 1325/1907 (Mus̲h̲ār ibid.); India 1322/1904–5 (Mus̲h̲ār ibid.); Qum 1365/1946 (Mus̲h̲ār ibid.).

§ 437. M. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd al-Ḥusain Raqqī Ṭabasī Iṣfahānī, surnamed Nūr ʿAlī-S̲h̲āh, a Niʿmat-Allāhī Ṣūfī and poet, died in 1212/1797–8 (see Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq iii p. 90²³).

Uṣūl u furūʿ, or Uṣūl i dīn u furūʿ i dīn i ẓāhirī u bāṭinī bā sair u sulūk: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 195 no. 745, Berlin 8 (7) (ah 1248/1832), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 110 no. 594 (15 foll.), Bodleian iii 2685 (2) (ah 1286/1869).

Edition: Tihrān 1283/1866–7 (the 5th work in a majmūʿah entitled Maʿārif al-ʿawārif. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 353).

§ 438. M. Rafīʿ al-Dīn [b. Farīd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān Murādābādī] died in 1218/1804 (see pl. i no. 1600).

Qaṣr⁵⁸ al-āmāl bi-d̲h̲ikr ḥāl al-māʾāl⁵⁹ (beg. Subḥāna Rabbika), based mainly on the S̲h̲arḥ al-ṣudūr and al-Budūr al-sāfirah of al-Suyūṭī ¶ (Brock. ii p. 146 (30), (31), Sptbd. ii p. 181 (30), p. 182 (31)) and divided into two maqṣads: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352 nos. 487 (ah 1242/1826–7), 490 (ah 1269/1852–3), Bānkīpūr xvii 1621 (ah 1259/1843), xiv 1289 (174 foll. ah 1260/1844).

§ 439. Zain al-ʿābidīn b. Miyān Saiyid Yad Allāh.⁶⁰

(Risālah fī ’l-mahdī) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. hadānā li-sawāʾ al-ṣirāṭ), a (Mahdawī?) tract completed in 1211/1796 (if that is not merely the date of transcription): Berlin 23 (1).

§ 440. Hājī Bābā b. M. Ismāʿīl Qazwīnī Yazdī was the son of a Jewish convert to Islām.

Maḥḍar al-s̲h̲uhūd fī radd al-Yahūd, completed in 1211/1797: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 238 no. 987 (170 foll. ah 1221/1806).

§ 441. M. Bāqir “Āgāh” Nāʾiṭī Wailūrī Madrāsī was born at Vellore and died at Madrās in 1220/1805 (see pl. iv nos. 107, 317 supra).

(1)

Bad̲h̲l al-dirāyah fī d̲h̲ikr ḍawābiṭ al-riwāyah, on the criticism of traditions, being a general introduction to the ten treatises included in the author’s Kitāb al-rasāʾil: Madrās ii 554 (50 pp.).

(2)

al-Barq al-wāmid li-kashf hafawāt al-Rawāfiḍ: Madrās ii 562 (85 pp.).

(3)

Dafʿ al-waswās al-k̲h̲annās al-ʿāriḍ fī ḥadīt̲h̲ al-mīrāt̲h̲⁶¹ wa-’l-Fadak [sic, for wa-Fadak] wa-’l-qirṭās: Madrās ii 560 (95 pp.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 570.

(4)

al-Ḥujaj al-nāhiḍah fī ḥukm al-Rāfiḍah: Madrās ii 564 (59 pp.).

(5)

Iʿlām al-aʿlām bi-wujūb nasb al-imām, on the Sunnī doctrine of the k̲h̲ilāfat with strong criticism of S̲h̲īʿite views: Madrās ii 556 (53 pp.).

(6)

Kas̲h̲f al-astār ʿan mus̲h̲ābahat al-Rawāfiḍ bi-’l-kuffār: Madrās ii 563 (29 pp.).

(7)

Kas̲h̲f al-g̲h̲iṭāʾ: cf. pl. iv no. 317 supra, also Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 483.

(8)

Lubb al-lubāb fī faḍāʾil al-aṣḥāb: Madrās ii 559 (32 pp.).

(9)

Maqāmiʿ al-ḥadīd fī qamʿ maṭāʿin al-Manhaj wa-’l-Tajrīd: Madrās ii 561 (64 pp.).

(10)

Naḥr al-zindīq bi-it̲h̲bāt k̲h̲ilāfat al-Ṣiddīq: Madrās ii 557 (72 pp.).

(11)

al-Taḥqīq al-anīq fī bayān afḍalīyat al-Ṣiddīq: Madrās ii 558 (49 pp.).

(12)

¶ Taʾyīd al-ḥaqq fī taʿdīd al-firaq, on the Islamic sects that sprang up after the Prophet’s death: Madrās ii 555 (26 pp).

§ 442. S. ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Ismāʿīl Malkah-pūrī.

Samt al-ḥasan, a denunciation of some heretical customs (bidʿah), completed at Bombay in 1214/1799–1800: Bānkīpūr xiv 1291 (11 foll. ah 1273/1856).

§ 443. Qādī M. T̲h̲anāʾ Allāh Pānīpatī died in 1225/1810 (see pl. iv no. 113 supra).

(1)

Najm al-hudā: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 579 (ah 1277/1860–1).

(2)

al-Saif al-maslūl, anti-S̲h̲īʿite polemic. Editions: Delhi 1268/1852° (Aḥmadī Pr. 236 pp. cf. ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 18); place? date? (Majmūʿah i al-Saif al-maslūl. With the S̲h̲ihāb i t̲h̲āqib. See Peshawar 798 B).

(3)

S̲h̲ihāb i t̲h̲āqib, anti-S̲h̲īʿite polemic. Edition: place? date? (in the Majmūʿah i al-Saif al-maslūl. See Peshawar 798 B).

(4)

Tad̲h̲kirat al-maʿād, on eschatology: Cawnpore 1280/1863° (Niẓamī Pr. 60 pp. cf. ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 22); [Cawnpore] n. k. 1294/1877* (58 pp.); [Lucknow] n. k. 1287/1870* (59 pp.).

§ 444. Abū ’l-Qāsim b. M. Ḥasan al-Jīlānī al-Qummī died in 1231/1816 (see pl. iv no. 122 supra).

(1)

Tuḥfat al-ʿAbbāsīyah (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. i bī-ḥ. u q. Pāds̲h̲āhī rā sazā ast), questions and answers on jihād, composed at the request of Nāʾib al-Salṭanah ʿAbbās Mīrzā: Mas̲h̲had v p. 381 no. 543 (defective at end. 27 foll.).

(2)

Uṣūl i dīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), in a muqaddamah and five bābs: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 182 no. 676, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 nos. 359, 360.

Editions: 1307/1889–90 (appended to al-Ḥujjat al-bālig̲h̲ah [apparently the work of that title by S.M. Ḥusain b. M. ʿAlī S̲h̲ahristānī. Cf. D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 258 no. 1411] D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 182 no. 676); 1308/1890–1 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 546, and others (“ṭubiʿa mirār^an”, D̲h̲arīʿah).

§ 445. Aḥmad b. M. ʿAlī al-Bihbahānī, who was born at Kirmāns̲h̲āhān in 1191/1777, has already been mentioned (pl. i no. 1575) as the author of the Mirʾāt al-aḥwāl i jahān-numā, which he completed at Patna in 1225/1810 and other works (pl. iv no. 125 supra).

(1)

Risālah i wilādat u wafāt i c̲h̲ahārdah Maʿṣūm (beg. al-Ḥ. l … pas c̲h̲unīn gūyad ʿāṣī): i.ḥ. 1542, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1063 (2) (foll. 5–13 b. ah 1250/1834).

(2)

¶ Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn (beg. aḥmadu Man kataba ’l-balāʾ ʿalā ’l-atqiyāʾ), a tract completed in 1222/1807 at Lucknow in answer to a question concerning the Ak̲h̲bārīs and ʿulamāʾ suspected of Ṣūfism (Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī and Muḥsin Kās̲h̲ānī): i.ḥ. 709, Bānkīpūr xiv 1322 (14 foll. ah 1260/1844).

(3)

Tuḥfat al-muḥibbīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. ’k̲h̲tāra Muḥammad^an), on the pre-eminence of the Imāms, completed in 1221/1806 at Faiḍābād and divided into a muqaddimah, six faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr xiv 1321 (ah 1260/1844).

§ 446. M. Rafīʿ b. ʿAlī Riḍā Nūrī.

Nūr al-hidāyah, dar uṣūl i dīn i S̲h̲īʿah, composed in 1223/1808: Āṣafīyah iii p. 550.

§ 447. Salāmat ʿAlī ṭabīb [entitled Ḥad̲h̲āqat K̲h̲ān] b. M. ʿAjīb Dihlawī compiled in 1223/1808–9 a compendium of philosophy, mathematics and astronomy entitled Maṭāliʿ al-Hind (pl. ii no. 608).

Tabṣirat al-īmān, composed in 1225/1810 [at Benares. See Bānkīpūr xiv 1325]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 nos. 251 (ah 1241/1825–6), 564.

Reply: S̲h̲awāhid i Fadakīyah, proofs of the exclusive right of Fāṭimah, al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusain to the revenues of Fadak, composed in 1237/1821–2 by Mīr Akram ʿAlī: Bānkīpūr xiv 1325 (103 foll. 19th cent).

§ 448. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm [b. Walī M.] Ḥusainī Mūsawī Riḍawī [Qandahārī Harawī Ḥanafī] succeeded his father as Qāḍī of Harāt. For his Arabic Ḥās̲h̲iyah bar S̲h̲arḥ i Rashīdīyah completed in 1212/1797 see Mashhad iv p. 376 no. 206.

S̲h̲ams al-hidāyah wa-qāliʿ al-ḍalālah, anti-S̲h̲īʿite polemic, completed in 1229/1814 and dedicated to his son Qāḍī Faiḍ Allāh: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 201 no. 879 (77 foll.).

§ 449. Abū Aḥmad M. b. ʿAbd al-Nabī b. ʿAbd al-Ṣāniʿ Nīs̲h̲āpūrī Akbarābādī⁶² Hindī Ak̲h̲bārī,⁶³ known as Mīrzā Muḥammad i Ak̲h̲bārī, was born in 1178/1765 in India, departed thence in 1198/1784 to perform the pilgrimage and to visit the holy shrines of Mesopotamia and seems to have spent the rest of his life in Mesopotamia and Persia. His violent attacks on the mujtahids and his other heterodoxies having led to his outlawry by a mujtahid’s fatwā, he was mobbed ¶ and killed at al-Kāẓimain in 1232/1817 (cf. i.ḥ. p. 314¹¹). For his Arabic Miʿrāj al-tauḥīd wa-[’l-] durr al-farīd see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 247.

[Rauḍāt al-jannāt pp. 553–7 [sic, for 653–7] (iv pp. 114–18); i.ḥ. nos. 287, 948, 1687, 2993 (and several others), Brockelmann Sptbd. ii pp. 574, 793.]

(1)

Āʾīnah i ʿAbbāsī dar numāyis̲h̲ i ḥaq-s̲h̲ināsī (beg. Baʿd pas sabab i qarīb), an attack on Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism and a defence of the prophetship of Muḥammad, composed by order of ʿAbbās Mīrzā b. Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh, completed in 1230/1815 and divided into five bābs: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 53, ii p. 318 (Amālī al-ʿAbbāsī), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 40 (defective at end. 80 foll.).

(2)

Mīzān al-tamīz [so] fī ’l-ʿilm al-ʿazīz mulaqqab bah Ḥujjat al-bālig̲h̲ah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. wa salām), on theology and Sūfism in a muqaddamah, twelve tamīzes and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 262 no. 1048 (breaks off in Tamīz iv. 120 foll. ah 1310/1892–3).

(3)

Tuḥfah i jahānbānī: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss., p. 10 (ah 1261/1845).

§ 450. ʿAbd al-ʿAlī M. Anṣārī Lak’hnawī, entitled Baḥr al-ʿulūm, b. Niẓām al-Dīn M. b. Quṭb al-Dīn⁶⁴ al-s̲h̲ahīd al-Sihālawī died at Madrās on 12 Rajab 1235/25 April 1820 (see pl. iii no. 260, etc.).

(Qiyāmat-nāmah) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), on the events that will precede and follow the Resurrection, composed at Būhār and divided into three bābs: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 no. 106 (As̲h̲rāṭ al-sāʿah.⁶⁵ ah 1216/1801–2), p. 1342 no. 481 (Risālah i aḥwāl i qiyāmat), Būhār 132 (Q.-n. ah 1288/1871).

§ 451. S. Dildār ʿAlī b. M. Muʿīn b. ʿAbd al-Hādī Riḍawī Naqawī Naṣīrābādī was born circ. 1166/1753 at Naṣīrābād (a part of Jāʾis, for which see pl. i no. 953). After studying in India under Ḥaidar ʿAlī Sandīlī (cf. Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 54) and others, he went to Karbalāʾ, where one of has teachers was Āqā Bāqir Bihbahānī (cf. pl. i no. 1575, 2nd par. (4)), then to Najaf and in 1194/1780 to Mas̲h̲had. From there he returned to India and in the course of his life he did much to promote a revival of S̲h̲īʿism in Lucknow. He was the first S̲h̲īʿite to be recognized as a mujtahid in the India of his days. He died on 19 Rajab 1235/2 May 1820.

[Āʾīnah i ḥaq-numā (for which see pl. i no. 1576); Nujūm al-samāʾ pp. 346–51, S. ʿAbid Ḥusain Tārīk̲h̲ i Jāʾis pp. 16–17, Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 60, Bānkīpūr xiv pp. 163–4; Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i pp. 6–11, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 852; portrait facing p. 113 in the Urdu translation of Kamāl al-Dīn Ḥaidar’s Tārīk̲h̲ i Awad’h.]

(1)

D̲hū ’l-faqār. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(h) infra.

(2)

¶ Fawāʾid i Āṣafīyah u mawāʿiẓ i Ḥasanīyah (beg. Jamīʿ i maḥāmid u ṣunūf i sitāyis̲h̲), on the virtues of the Friday and other congregational prayers (neglected apparently in those days among the S̲h̲īʿites of Oudh until revived by S. Dildār ʿAlī and others. See Nujūm al-samāʾ pp. 346⁹, 947³), the prerogatives of the Imāms and other theological and legal points, being a course of fifty-one sermons (mawāʿiẓ) delivered at the request of Ḥasan Riḍā K̲h̲ān⁶⁶ from 13 Rajab 1200/12 May 1786 to 7 S̲h̲aʿbān 1201/25 May 1787: i.ḥ. 3208 (under al-Mawāʿiẓ al-Ḥusainīyah according to the printed text, but this part of the title doubtless contains an allusion to Ḥasan Riḍā K̲h̲ān, just as Fawāʾid i Āṣafīyah evidently refers to Āṣaf al-Daulah), Būhār 115 (ah 1211/1797), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1049 (defective at end. Early 19th cent.), Bānkīpūr xiv 1324 (ah 1244/ 1829), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 178 (M. i Ḥusainīyah. ah 1270/ 1853–4).

(3)

Ḥusām al-Islām. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(b) infra.

(4)

Ihyāʾ al-sunnah. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(f) infra.

(5)

Risālah fī radd i taṣawwuf (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. aẓhara ’l-ḥaqq wa-azāḥa ’l-bāṭil): i.ḥ. 1406, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1342 no. 208 (ah 1240/1824–5).

(6)

Risālah i g̲h̲aibat i ḥaḍrat i Ṣāḥib al-zamān. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(d) infra.

(7)

al-Ṣawārim al-ilāhīyāt. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(c) infra.

For letters to Dildār ʿAlī criticising statements in his Ṣawārim, Ḥusām and D̲h̲ū ’l-faqār and his reply to them, see Bānkīpūr xvii 1628, Suppt. ii 2229.

§ 452. Mīrzā ʿĪsā b. M. Ḥasan Ḥusainī Farāhānī, surnamed Mīrzā Buzurg, Saiyid al-Wuzarāʾ and Qāʾim-maqām, died in 1237/1821–2 or 1238/1822–3 (see pl. iv no. 127 supra).

It̲h̲bāt al-nubuwwah (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. mar K̲h̲udāy rā): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 101, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 10.

§ 453. M. Jaʿfar “Majd̲h̲ūb” Hamadānī Kabūdar-Ahangī, surnamed (mulaqqab), as a Ṣūfī, Majd̲h̲ūb ʿAlī-S̲h̲āh, died on 22 D̲h̲ī Qaʿdah 1238/31 July 1823 or in 1239/1823–4 (see pl. iv no. 318 supra).

(1)

(Iʿtiqādāt) or (ʿaqāʾid) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. wa-baʿd ʿarḍah mī-dārad ḍaʿīf), a S̲h̲īʿite Ṣūfī Creed: Berlin 8 (13) (ah 1248/1832), Leningrad univ. no. 992 (Iʿtiqādāt u rasāʾil i M. J. etc. ah 1319/1901–2. Romaskewicz p. 3), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 135 no. 674 (defective at end).

(2)

¶ It̲h̲bāt al-nubuwwah⁶⁷ (beg. Suʾāl adillah i it̲h̲bāt i nubuwwat): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 101, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 12 (85 foll.).

§ 454. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Walī Allāh Dihlawī died in 1239/1824 (see pl. i no. 40, etc.).

(1)

Faiḍ i ʿāmm. See pl. iv no. 128 (3) supra.

(2)

Majmūʿah i rasāʾil i k̲h̲amsah: Lahore 1308/1890–1 (Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 33).

(3)

Suʾālāt i ʿas̲h̲r: Ivanow Curzon 401 fly leaves (beg. Suʾāl i awwal ān-kih firqah i Imāmīyah kih fī zamāninā. ah 1233/1818), possibly also Lindesiana p. 166 no. 753 (ah 1080/1669–70 [sic?]).

Editions: Calcutta (see Wasīlat al-najāt below); place? date? (Jawābāt i suʾālāt i ʿas̲h̲arah i S̲h̲āh i Buk̲h̲ārā. See Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338 no. 762, where neither place nor date of publication is mentioned).

(4)

Tatimmat dalāʾil al-S̲h̲īʿah dar bayān i ḥadīt̲h̲ al-t̲h̲aqalain. Edition: place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 no. 763, where the place and date are not mentioned).

(5)

Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. wa-kafā … a. b. mī-gūyad bandah i dargāh i Qādir i Qawī), a comprehensive refutation of the main Shīʿite doctrines by “G̲h̲ulām-Ḥalīm b. Quṭb al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Abī ’l-Faiḍ Dihlawī” [G̲h̲.-Ḥ. being a chronogrammatic name indicating 1159, the year in which ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz was born: see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 122⁸, pl. i Add. ad no. 40, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 177], written just after the close of the twelfth century⁶⁸ (this being the reason alleged for the choice of the title) in view of the rapid spread of S̲h̲īʿism in the country and divided into twelve bābs ((1) dar kaifīyat i ḥudūt̲h̲ i mad̲h̲hab i tas̲h̲aiyuʿ …, (2) dar makāyid i S̲h̲īʿah u ṭuruq i iḍlāl u ḥīlahā-yi talbīs, (3) dar d̲h̲ikr i aslāf i S̲h̲īʿah u ʿulamā u kutub i īs̲h̲ān, (4) dar aḥwāl i ak̲h̲bār i S̲h̲īʿah …, (5) dar ilāhīyāt (6) dar nubuwwat, (7) dar imāmat, (8) dar maʿād, (9) dar masāʾil i fiqhīyah, (10) dar maṭāʿin i K̲h̲ulafā-yi t̲h̲alāt̲h̲ah u Umm al-muʾminīn u dīgar Ṣaḥābah, (11) dar k̲h̲awāṣṣ i mad̲h̲hab i S̲h̲īʿah, (12) dar tawallā u tabarrā) and a k̲h̲ātimah: Ivanow Curzon 401 (ah 1214/1799), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 no. 52 (ah 1228/1813), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 4 no. 297 (1) (ah 1237/1821–2) 297(2), Bānkīpūr xiv 1290 (19th cent.).

¶ Editions. Calcutta 1215/1800–1 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 no. 53); 1240/1825* (749 pp.); place? 1269/1852–3 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 no. 798, where the place of publication is not mentioned); Lucknow 1879° (640 pp.); 1885‡ (644 pp. N.K); 1896° (400 pp.).

Translation of the Arabic passages. (Tarjamah i ʿibārāt i ʿArabīyah i T. i I. –a.) (beg. S̲h̲anāʿat i qabāḥat), said to be by S̲h̲āh ʿAbd al-Qādir [b. Walī Allāh Dihlawī], ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Dihlawī’s younger brother, who died in 1242/1827 and is best known for an Urdu translation of the Qurʾān (cf. pl. i no. 35 (1), (ii); Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 129, Ḥadāʾiq al-Ḥanafīyah p. 471): Bānkīpūr xvii 1598 (19th cent.).

Abridged Arabic translation by Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ālūsī⁶⁹: see D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 177.

S̲h̲īʿite replies:

(a) Nuzhah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah⁷⁰ (a chronogram = 1203/1788–9, the date of inception. Beg. Bihtarīn kalāmī-kih tajallī i mirʾāt), a reply by Ḥakīm Mirzā M. b. ʿInāyat Aḥmad K̲h̲ān Dihlawī,⁷¹ of which i.ḥ. had seen only Vols. (Bābs) i, iii, iv, v and ix, each of these dealing with the corresponding bāb of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 3258, Bānkīpūr xiv 1339 (Vol. ix. ah 1240/1845).

Editions: place? 1255/1839 (Vol. i. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 54, where the place is not mentioned); Ludʾhiyānah 1279/1862–3 (vol.? See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 10), Lucknow [1886°] (508 pp. Presumably not the whole work, but the b.m. catalogue does not specify the volumes); place? date? (Vol. iv. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 701, where the place & date are not mentioned); place? date? (Vol. ix. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 702, where the place & date are not mentioned); place? date? (Majmūʿah i Nuzhah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah, a thick volume containing (1) N. i I.-a., presumably only a part of it, (2) Bawāriq i mūbiqah, (3) Iḥyāʾ al-sunnah, (4) Ṭaʿn i qirṭās, i.e. Vol. i of the Tas̲h̲yīd al-maṭāʿin, (5) Vol. ii of the same work, (6) Risālah i D̲h̲ū ’l-faqār. See Peshawar 769).

Rejoinder to the Nuzhah: Jawāb i Nuzhah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-ʿalī al-aʿlā), by M. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān (for whom see pl. iv no. 468 ¶ infra): Bānkīpūr xvii 1629 (said in a note dated 1240/1824 to have been compared with a copy corrected by the author), Suppt. ii 2230.

(b) Ḥusām al-Islām wa-sihām al-malām (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-Mufḍil [al-Mifḍāl?] al-Minʿām), a reply by S. Dildār ʿAlī (see pl. iv no. 451 supra) to Bāb iii of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 1010. Edition. [Calcutta] 1218/1803–4* (appended to al-Ṣawārim al-ilāhīyāt).

Rejoinder to the Ḥusām: Radd i ʿaqīdah i Ḥusām (beg. Qauluhu Hād̲h̲ā mimmā yukad̲h̲d̲h̲ib … aqūlu Kallā bal aṣlaḥa ’llāhu s̲h̲aʾnahu), by M. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān (for whom see pl. iv no. 468 infra): Bānkīpūr xvii 1626 (ah 1240/1824–5), 1689, Suppt. ii 2227.

(c) al-Ṣawārim al-ilāhīyāt fī qaṭʿ s̲h̲ubahāt ʿābidī ’l-ʿUzzā wa-’l-Lāt (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. tafarrada bi-’l-qidam), a reply by S Dildār ʿAlī (see pl. iv no. 451 supra) to Bāb v of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 2072, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 77, Bānkīpūr xiv 1340.

Edition: [Calcutta] 1218/1803–4* (followed by the Ḥusām al-Islām. Cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 318).

Rejoinders to the Ṣawārim:

(i) Taʾbīd al-ḥaqq bi-taʾyīd al-Ḥaqq (beg. ammā baʿda d̲h̲ikrihi wa-s̲h̲ukrihi bi-’l-qalb), by Ẓuhūr al-Ḥaqq [i.e. apparently S̲h̲āh Ẓ. Al-Ḥ. C̲h̲is̲h̲tī, of Phulwārī, who died on 14 Jumādā i 1279/7 Nov. 1862]: Bānkīpūr xvii 1634 (ah 1234/1819).

(ii) Radd i Ṣawārim (beg. Qauluhu Bī-ḥayāʾī u k̲h̲īragī i nāṣib), [by Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān?]: Bānkīpūr xvii 1627 (ah 1240/1824–5), 1690, Suppt. ii 2228.

(iii) Tanbīh al-safīh (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. yuḥiqqu ’l-ḥaqq), in twelve ʿaqīdahs, by Saif al-Dīn Asad Allāh Multānī, who says that in 1220/1805–6, when visiting the shrine of S̲h̲āh Badīʿ al-Dīn Madār (for whom see pl. i no. 1329 (6), 2nd footnote) at Makanpūr, he bought a copy of the Calcutta edition of the Ṣawārim: Bānkīpūr xiv 1338, Āṣafīyah iii p. 546.

Letters to S. Dildār ʿAlī criticising statements in his Ṣawārim, Ḥusām and D̲h̲ū ’l-faqār and his reply to them (beg. Bar rāy i baiḍā-ḍiyā mak̲h̲fī na-mānad). Bānkīpūr xvii 1628, Suppt. ii 2229.

(d) Risālah i g̲h̲aibat i ḥaḍrat i Ṣāḥib al-zamān (beg., acc. to i.ḥ., al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā.), a reply composed in 1217/1802–3 by S. Dildār ʿAlī see no. 451 supra) to Bāb vii of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 1475, Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2063 (beg. Bab i haftum dar imāmat Bāyad dānist kih awwal i masāʾil i k̲h̲ilāfīyah. Lacuna. ah 1263/1847), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1344 no. 254.

(e) al-Bawāriq al-mūbiqah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā ikmāl al-dīn wa-itmām al-niʿmah), a reply composed in 1219/1804–5 by S.M. b. Dildār ʿAlī (for whom see pl. iv no. 491 infra) to Bāb vii of the Tuhfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 401, D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 154 no. 538, Lūdʾhiyānah 1868‡ (Majmaʿ al-baḥrain ¶ Pr. Edition. 392 pp. Cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 no. 619, where an edition is mentioned without specification of place & date of publication).

(f) Iḥyāʾ al-sunnah wa-imātat⁷² al-bidʿah bi-ṭaʿn al-alsinah (beg. al- H. l. ’l. amāta ’l-bidʿah), a reply to Bāb viii of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: by S. Dildār ʿAlī (see no. 451 supra): i.ḥ. 117, D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 309 no. 1603, Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2064 (ah 1263/1847).

Edition: 1281/1864–5 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 no. 822, where the place of publication is not mentioned).

(g) Tas̲h̲yīd al-maṭāʿin wa-kas̲h̲f al-ḍag̲h̲āʾin, a reply in two volumes by Muftī S. Muḥammad-Qulī K̲h̲ān (for whom see pl. iv no. 477 infra) to Bāb x of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 586, D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 192, Lūd’hiyānah 1283/1867* (Vol. i, 1202 pp. Vol. ii, which is not in the i.o., was doubtless published later, and possibly elsewhere).

(h) D̲h̲ū ’l-faqār (beg. al-Ḥ. l. li-Mut̲h̲biti ’l-ḥaqq), a reply by S. Dildār ʿAlī (see no. 451 supra) to Bāb xii of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 1138, Būhār 116.

Editions: 1281/1864–5 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 823, where the place of publication is not mentioned); place? date? (in a majmūʿah of S̲h̲īʿite works (for which see under (a) above) Peshawar p. 140 no. 769).

(j) Replies by M. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān to questions received from Murādābād concerning statements in the T. i I.-ʿa (beg. Ṣāḥib i Tuḥfah dar bāb i panjum kih dar ilāhīyāt ast): Bānkīpūr xvii 1603.

(6)

Wasīlat al-najāt, “replies to various questions relating to the Ḥanafī school and heterodoxies” (Arberry).

Editions: [Calcutta] Qādirī Pr. 1253/1837* (beg…. in risālah rā W. al-n. 48 pp.), Calcutta (W. al-n. maʿ Suʾālāt i ʿas̲h̲arah i S̲h̲āh i Buk̲h̲ārā. See Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 169, where the date of publication is not mentioned. Possibly the same edition as the preceding).

§ 455. Rafīʿ al-Dīn [Dihlawī].

Qiyāmat-nāmah or Maḥs̲h̲ar-nāmah (beg. Ḥ. u s̲h̲. Rabb al-ʿIzzat rā): Browne Suppt. 1152 (36 foll. ah 1231/1816. Corpus 100), Būhār 479 (1) (24 foll. 19th cent.).

Edition: Delhi (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 195).

¶ § 456. S. M. Bāqir Mullā-bās̲h̲ī b. M. Mūsawī S̲h̲īrāzī, one of the Sādāt i Mullā-bās̲h̲īyah of S̲h̲īrāz, died in 1240/1824–5.

(1)

Anwār al-qulūb.

(2)

Baḥr al-jawāhir i K̲h̲āqānī on the uṣūl i dīn dedicated to Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 34, Ellis Coll M 260 (320 foll ah 1238/1822–3), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 35 no. 379 (180 foll.).

Editions: 1292/1875 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 no. 215); 1297/1880 (D̲h̲arīʿah, loc. cit.); Persia 1319/1901–2 [?, not clearly printed] (Āṣafīyah iii p. 544).\

§ 457. S̲h̲. Aḥmad b. Zain al-Dīn al-Aḥsāʾī, the founder of the S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī sect, died in 1242/1827.

[pl. i no. 1411 (73), (116); Murtaḍā Mudarrisī C̲h̲ahārdihī S̲h̲. Aḥmad i Aḥsāʾī, Tihrān ahs 1334/1953‡; P.M. Sykes Ten Thousand Miles in Persia, London 1902, p. 196 (portrait).]

Ḥayāt al-nafs fī ḥaẓrat al-quds, in Arabic, on the uṣūl al-dīn: D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 124, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 845, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 97.

Persian translations:

(1)

Tarjamah i Ḥayāt al-nafs, by S. Kāẓim Ras̲h̲tī (cf. pl. i no. 1411 (73), (116), iv no. 146 supra and 470 infra): D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 98 no. 461, Tabrīz 1276/1859–60 (apparently the second work in a majmūʿah (title Ajwibat al-masāʾil?) containing also Jawāb i suʾālāt i Sulaimān K̲h̲ān and Jawāb i masāʾil i muk̲h̲talif, both by K.R. See Mas̲h̲had iv p. 275 no. 103).

(2)

Tarjamah i Ḥ. al-n., by M. Ḥasan Jābirī (so Ivanow), or Ḥāʾirī, ʿAẓīmābādī (d. circ. 1260/1844): D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 98 no. 460, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1057 (111 foll. Mid-19th cent.).

Edition: Bombay 1288/1871–2 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, no. 19).

§ 458. Aḥmad “Ṣafāʾ” b. M. Mahdī b. Abī D̲h̲arr Nirāqī Kās̲h̲ānī died in 1244/1828–9 or on 23 Rabīʿ ii 1245/22 Oct. 1829 (see pl. ii no. 611).

Saif al-ummah wa-burhān al-millah, a reply to Henry Martyn’s⁷³ criticisms of Islām, undertaken at the suggestion of ʿAbbās Mīrzā and completed in 1233/1817: Tihrān 1267/1851° (cf. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 320).

§ 459. Ḥakīm ʿAlī b. Jams̲h̲īd Nūrī Māzandarānī Iṣfahānī, called Ḥakīm i Ilāhī, was a contemporary of Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh and died in Rajab 1246/Dec. 1830–Jan. 1831.

(1)

Ḥujjat al-Islām, mulaqqab bah Burhān al-millah, a defence of Islām against the criticisms of a Christian missionary, apparently Henry Martyn ¶ (for whom see note under no. 458 supra), completed in 1232/1817: D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 257 no. 1408, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 76 (ah 1232/1817), iv p. 91 no. 543 (collated ah 1235/1820).

(2)

Ajwibat al-masāʾil, answers to fourteen theological questions: Tihrān 1305/1887–8 (on margin of Ṣadrā’s Arabic Tafsīr Sūrat al-Aʿlā. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 274, p. 471 no. 110).

§ 460. M. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAbd al-G̲h̲anī b. Walī Allāh Dihlawī,⁷⁴ a vehement opponent of s̲h̲irk, was born in 1169/1782, became an adherent of S. Aḥmad Rāy-Barēlawī (see pl. i no. 1387, 3rd footnote) and, taking part in his jihād, was killed with him at Bālākōt on 24 D̲h̲ū ’l-Qaʿdah 1246/6 May 1831 or 1247/1832 (Ency. Isl., Brockelmann). His Arabic work Tanwīr al-ʿainain fī it̲h̲bāt rafʿ al-yadain (48 pp.) was published at Lahore in [1882°]. Among his Urdu works were (1) Taqwiyat al-īmān (Editions. Delhi 1853*, 1875*, 1876°*, Lucknow 1876°*. English translation by Mīr S̲h̲ahāmat ʿAlī. jras. xiii (1852), pt. 2, pp. 310–372), (2) Īḍāḥ al-ḥaqq (Delhi 1859*), (3) Silk i nūr (a mat̲h̲nawī. Editions: Calcutta 1269 (Sprenger p. 615), Lucknow (Sprenger ibid.), Siyālkōt 1290/1873°*).

[pl. i no. 1387, 3rd footnote; “Translation of the Takwiyat-ul-Imán, preceded by a Notice of the Author, Maulavi Isma’il Hajji”, by Mīr S̲h̲ahāmat ʿAlī (in jras, xiii (1852) pp. 310–372), Beale Oriental biographical dictionary p. 267; Sprenger p. 615; Garcin de Tassy ii pp. 52–7, Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 179, Ency. Isl. [1st ed.] under Ismāʿīl al-S̲h̲ahīd, [2nd ed. under Ismāʿīl S̲h̲ahīd]; R.B. Saksēna History of Urdu literature (1927) p. 254; Brockelmann ii p. 503, Sptbd. ii p. 853.]

(1)

Mansab i imāmat.⁷⁵ Delhi [1877°*] (Fārūqī Pr. 114 pp).

(2)

Ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm, an account of the tenets of S. Aḥmad: i.o. d.p. 1081 A.

Editions: Calcutta 1238/1823° (ed. ʿAbd al-Rahīm Ṣafīpūrī (cf. pl. i no. 256, Add. ad loc.) and M. ʿAlī Rāmpūrī. 406 pp.), Meerut 1867‡ (180 pp.); Delhi 1308/1891 (168 pp. See Karatay p. 126).

§ 461. Ḥusain ʿAlī [K̲h̲ān Ak̲h̲bārī Lak’hnawī] died after 1240/1824–5 and before 1250/1834–5 according to i.ḥ. 2998 (cf. 1240, 2999, 3382).

¶ Muʿtamad al-S̲h̲īʿah (beg. Kalāmī-kih ḥāfiẓān i qānūn i Islām rā), on the Imāmate, composed in 1238/1822–3 and, according to i.ḥ., dedicated to Muʿtamad al-Daulah:⁷⁶ i.ḥ. 2998, Bānkīpūr xiv 1326 (ah 1239/1824).

§ 462. S̲h̲. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. M. Ḥusain Kās̲h̲ānī.

Maṣābīḥ al-ṭarīq (beg. Subḥānaka ’llāhumma), dar uṣūl i dīn, composed for the s̲h̲āhzādah ʿAbbās Mīrzā: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 262 (195 foll. ah 1235/1819–20, autograph).

§ 463. As yet unidentified is the author of

(Radd i Pādrī Yūsuf) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-insān wa-ʿallamahu ’l-bayān) an untitled defence of Islam composed in the reign of Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh (ah 1212–50/1797–1834) against the attack of a Christian priest named Joseph: Bodleian iii 2800 (foll. 37–99. ah 1265/1848).

§ 464. Mīrzā M. Riḍā Yazdī Jadīd al-Islām was a learned Jew who embraced Islām in 1237/1821–2 and lived in Tihrān.

Manqūl i Riḍāʾī (a chronogram = 1237 [1247?], the date of the author’s conversion and also the translator’s birth), or Iqāmat al-s̲h̲uhūd fī radd al-Yahūd,⁷⁷ said to have been composed originally in Hebrew and dedicated to Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh, then in Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh’s reign (apparently in 1290–2/1873–5 according to Mas̲h̲had iv) translated into Persian by ʿAlī b. Ḥusain Ḥusainī Tihrānī with the collaboration of M. Jaʿfar, the author’s nephew, and Mullā M. ʿAlī Kās̲h̲ānī, surnamed Mullā Āqā Jānī: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 263 no. 1077, Tihrān 1292/1875⁷⁸ (411 pp. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 356, i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 55, Mus̲h̲ār i 134).

§ 465. M. Riḍā b. M. Amīn Hamadānī (see pl. i no. 39, Add. ad loc. and a letter concerning M. Riḍā from Mīrzā M. Ṣālih [cf. pl. i no. 1607] preserved at Cambridge (Browne Pers. Cat. 10 (6)) and translated by S. Lee in the preface to his Controversial tracts (see below) pp. cxix–cxxi).

(1)

¶ Irs̲h̲ād al-muḍillīn fī it̲h̲bāt nubuwwat K̲h̲ātam al-Nabīyīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. wa-baʿd pūs̲h̲īdah na-mānād kih hidāyat), a rejoinder to the attacks of the English missionary Henry Martyn (for whom see note under no. 458 supra) on Islām: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 522 (where it is described as an abridgement of the author’s large work Miftāh al-nubuwwah, published in 1240/1824–5), Browne Pers. Cat. 9 (92 foll. N. d.), o (5) (foll 53–167. In Samuel Lee’s hand), Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., nos. 42–44 (all undated).

English translation: Controversial tracts on Christianity and Mohammedanism, by the late Rev. Henry Martyn … and some of the most eminent writers of Persia, translated and explained … By the Rev S. Lee, Cambridge 1824°*, pp. 161–450.

(2)

Miftāḥ al nubuwwah, composed by order of Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh after⁷⁹ the Irs̲h̲ād al-muḍillīn: Tihrān (date?⁸⁰ With an introduction and table of contents by Abū ’l-Qāsim Qāʾim-maqām Farāhānī [d. 1835. See pl. i no. 432, Add. ad loc.]. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 354).

§ 466. M. Sālim Dihlawī Buk̲h̲ārī b. M. Salām Allāh b. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn b. Muḥibb Allāh b. Nūr Allāh b. Nūr al-Ḥaqq b. ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Dihlawī⁸¹ lived doubtless in the earlier part of the 19th century.

Uṣūl al-īmān (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. aujaba maḥabbata ahli baiti ’l-Nabī), on the duty and advantages of love towards the Prophet’s family, in a muqaddamah, five faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Ivanow Curzon 369 (36 foll.).

§ 467. Rājah Rām-Mōhan Rāy (“Rammohun Roy”), born in 1772 or 1774 in Bengal, opposed Hindu idolatry, founded the Brāhma-Samāj,⁸² or “Society of the believers in Brahman, the Supreme Spirit”, and worked for the promotion of education and enlightenment in India. He died near Bristol on 27 September 1833.

[The last days in England of the Rajah Rammohun Roy. Edited by Mary Carpenter, London 1866; Life of Rammohun Roy. Reprinted from the Calcutta Review, Bombay 1869*; Garcin de Tassy ii pp. 548–52; Biographical essays. By F. Max Müller, London 1884, pp. 1–48; Beale Oriental biographical dictionary, 1894, p. 327; The life and letters of Raja Rammohun Roy, compiled and edited by the late ¶ S [ophia] D [obson] Collet and completed by a friend, London 1900, 2nd ed. Calcutta [1913]; Buckland Dictionary of Indian biography p. 366; J.N. Farquhar Modern religious movements in India, London 1929; V.H. Hampton Biographical studies in modern Indain education Madrās 1947 pp. 28–58; Cassell’s Encyclopaedia of literature (article by H.G. Rawlinson); etc.]

Tuḥfat al-muwaḥḥidīn (beg. Sirtu fī aqṣāʾi ’l-arḍ), on the superiority of monotheism, in Persian with a few introductory lines in Arabic: Rieu Suppt. 22 (transcribed circ ad 1860 by the author’s son Rām-prasād Rāy from the 1859 edition. 26 foll).

Editions:⁸³ Calcutta 1859 (2nd ed., from which the b. m. ms. was transcribed); ʿAẓīmābād-Patnah 1898° (38 pp.); Giridih (Calcutta printed) 1918°* (23 pp.); Calcutta 1950 (in Indo-Iranica iv/1 (July 1950)).

English translations:

(1) Tuhfatul Muwahhidin, or A gift to Deists, by Rajah Rammohun Roy. Translated into English by Moulvi Obaidullah El Obaide⁸⁴ … and published under the auspices of the Adi Brahmo Samaj. Calcutta 1884° (21 pp.).

(2) The English works of Raja Rammohun Roy, with an English translation [the same translation?] of “Tuhfatul Muwahhiddin”, Allāhābād 1906°.

§ 468. M. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān Dihlawī died in 1249/1833–4 or 1243/1827–8 (see pl. ii no. 824).

(1)

al-Ḥaqq al-mubīn fī faḍāʾil ahl bait Saiyid al-mursalīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. maḥabbata ʿitrati Nabīyinā), a Sunnite work on the merits of the Prophet’s family, divided into a muqaddimah, four faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr xvii 1625 (said in a note dated 1240/1824 to have been compared with an autograph), 1602, Suppt. ii 2226.

(2)

Īḍāḥ i Laṭāfat al-maqāl. See pl. iv no. 475 (1) infra.

(3)

Radd i ʿaqīdah i Ḥusām. See pl. iv no. 454(5)(b) supra.

(4)

Radd i Ṣawārim (possibly by Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn Khān). See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(c)(ii) supra.

(5)

Replies to questions concerning statements in the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Dihlawī. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(j) supra.

(6)

Ṣaulat i g̲h̲aḍanfarīyah, a denunciation of the S̲h̲īʿite practice of mutʿah. See pl. iv no. 137 supra.

¶ § 469. ʿAbd Allāh b. K̲h̲ān Bābā Zanūzī Tabrīzī died in 1257/1841.

[Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq iii [?]; Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 11.]

Muntak̲h̲ab al-K̲h̲āqān dar kas̲h̲f i ḥaqāʾiq i īmān u ʿirfān (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. – yi nā-maḥdūd Wājib al-Wujūdī-rā sazā ast kih dāman), on the unity and other attributes of God, completed in 1240/1824 and divided into twenty faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah, being an abridgment of the author’s Risālah i K̲h̲āqānīyah u wajīzah i Sulṭānīyah composed for Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 259 no. 1039 (107 foll. ah 1240/1825, corrected by author).

§ 470. S. Kāẓim b. Qāsim Ras̲h̲tī, Aḥmad Aḥsāʾī’s successor as leader of the S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī sect, died in 1259/1843 at Karbalā (see pl. iv no. 146 supra).

(1)

Jawāb i suʾālāt i Sulaimān K̲h̲ān: Tabrīz 1276/1859–60 (see under pl. iv no. 457 (1) supra).

(2)

Jawāb i masāʾil i muk̲h̲talif. See ibid.

(3)

Uṣūl al-dīn, in five bābs: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 192 no. 726. Edition. place? date? (followed by the same author’s Sair u sulūk. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 311 no. 308).

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