In Volume 1-1: Qurʾānic Literature, History, and Biography | Section 2, History, Biography, etc.

previous chapter: 3.9 The Āq-Quyūnlū

§ 371. For the Ṣafwat al-ṣafā, an account of the life, sayings and miracles of S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Ṣafī al-Dīn Isḥāq (d. 735/1334), the ancestor of the Ṣafawids, completed probably in 759/1358 by Tawakkulī b. Ismāʿīl al-Ardabīlī called Ibn al-Bazzāz, see the subsection Biography: Saints.

¶ § 372. Kamāl al-Dīn S̲h̲īr ʿAlī¹ “Bināʾī”² Harawī, the son of an architect, was born at Harāt. Having incurred the displeasure of Mīr ʿAlī S̲h̲īr he went to the court of the Āq-Quyūnlū Sulṭān Yaʿqūb (reigned ah 884/1477–896/1490). Subsequently he returned to Harāt, but in consequence of another quarrel with Mīr ʿAlī S̲h̲īr he migrated to Transoxiana, where Sulṭān ʿAlī Mīrzā, the grandson of Sulṭān Abū Saʿīd, received him favourably.

When S̲h̲aibānī became master of Transoxiana, “Bināʾī” received from him the title of Malik al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ. He was killed in S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl’s massacre of Sunnīs at Qars̲h̲ī in 918/1512.

His mat̲h̲nawī, Bāg̲h̲ i Iram or Bahrām u Bīhrūz, in which he uses the tak̲h̲alluṣ “Ḥālī” and in which both Sulṭān Yaʿqūb and “Jāmī” are spoken of as already dead, exists in several copies (see Bānkīpūr ii 216 (a selection (33 foll.) only), Bodleian 987, Ethé 1390, 1391 (a fragment), 914 (3) (the same selection as Bānkīpūr ii 216. See Bānkīpūr ii p. 97), Ivanow 644, Mehren 124).

Of another mat̲h̲nawī, the S̲h̲aibānī-nāmah, there is a manuscript in the Library of the K̲h̲ān of K̲h̲īwah (see p. 291 infra.)

Of his dīwān only small selections seem to be extant (see Bānkīpūr ii 215, Bodleian 988, and cf. Sprenger no. 162).

Taqī Kās̲h̲ī had seen g̲h̲azals and qaṣīdahs of his amounting to some 6,000 verses.

Ascribed to him by Dorn, but incorrectly according to Teufel,³ is a

S̲h̲āhans̲h̲āh-nāmah, a history of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl to ah 918/1512–13 in rhymed prose mixed with many verses: Dorn 301 (defective at end. Pictures).

¶ [Majālis al-nafāʾis (cf. Browne Lit. Hist. iii p. 438); Laṭāʾifnāmah i Fak̲h̲rī pp. 101–2 (Oriental College Magazine, vol. viii no. 2 (Lahore, Feb. 1932); Ḥabīb al-siyar iii, 3, p. 343; Bāburnāmah tr. A.S. Beveridge 64, 136, 137, 286–7, 292, 328, 648; Wāqiʿāt i Bāburī (passage quoted by M. S̲h̲afīʿ in Oriental College Magazine, vol. x, no. 3 (Lahore, May 1934), pp. 143–4); Tārīk̲h̲ i Ras̲h̲īdī (passage quoted by Salemann in Mélanges Asiatiques ix (St. Petersburg 1888) pp. 363–5 and by M. S̲h̲afīʿ in Oriental College Magazine, vol. x, no. 3 (Lahore, May 1934), pp. 159–60. The passage is omitted in Elias and Ross’s translation); Tuḥfah i Sāmī, Ṣaḥīfah v, ed. Iqbāl Ḥusain, pp. 27–30; Ḥasan Rūmlū Aḥsan al-tawārīk̲h̲ [xii] ed. Seddon, p. 137, Eng. trans. p. 64; Haft iqlīm no. 635; K̲h̲ulāṣat al-as̲h̲ʿār (Sprenger p. 21 no. 169); Safīnah i K̲h̲wus̲h̲gū (Bodleian 376 no. 35); Riyāḍ al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ; Majmaʿ al-nafāʾis; Ātas̲h̲-kadah no. 291 (Bombay ed. pp. 137–9); K̲h̲izānah i ʿāmirah no. 16; Ṣuḥuf i Ibrāhīm (Berlin p. 633 no. 42 (Mullā Kamāl al-Dīn Bayānī [sic])); K̲h̲ulāṣat al-afkār no. 50; Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 293; Nis̲h̲tar i ʿis̲h̲q; Sprenger no. 162; Bānkīpūr ii 215; Browne Lit. Hist. iii 457, iv 63, 83, 94.]

§ 373. ʿAbd Allāh “Hātifī”, who has already been mentioned (see pp. 225–227 supra) as the author of a Tīmūr-nāmah, died in 927/1521.

Shāh-nāmah i Hātifī or Ismāʿīl-nāmah,⁴ an unfinished mat̲h̲nawī (1,000 verses) on the conquests of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl, at whose request it was written (see p. 225 supra): Dorn 448 (ah 959/1551), r.a.s. P. 305 marg.

§ 374. For the Ḥabīb al-siyar of K̲h̲wānd-Amīr “the most exhaustive, if not the best known, source for the history of Shāh Isma‘īl the Ṣafavī” (E. Denison Ross, jras. 1896, p. 249), in which the history is brought down to Rabīʿ i ah 930/1524, a few months before S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl’s death, see pp. 80–84 supra.

¶ § 375. “A very detailed history of the rise of the Ṣafawî dynasty, the origin of the priestly state in Ardabîl and the ancestors of Shâh Isma‘îl, as well as the reign of that first king of the Ṣafawî dynasty (ah 909–930 = ad 1503–1524), which fills the main portion of this work”: Ethé 536 (defective at the beginning).

§ 376. In the reign of S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp (ah 930/1524–984/1576) an author at present unidentified wrote his

(Tārīk̲h̲ i S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl i Ṣafawī) (beg. Jahān-ārāʾī i pāds̲h̲āhān i ʿālam-madār), a history of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl ending with the accession of S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp and agreeing to a large extent with the Ḥabīb al-siyar: Rieu Suppt. 52 (16th cent. 21 Pictures), Browne Pers. Cat. 74 (ah 1102/1690).

Circ. 40 pp. of extracts from foll. 20–50 (out of the 307 foll. of the b.m. ms.) with an English translation of these extracts, notes etc. and a discussion of the work: The Early Years of Shāh Isma‘īl, Founder of the Ṣafavī Dynasty. By E. Denison Ross (jras. 1896, pp. 249–340).

§ 377. Life and reign of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl (identical with one of the preceding ?): Lindesiana p. 219 no. 424 (ah 1077/1666–7).

§ 378. Amīr Maḥmūd b. Amīr K̲h̲wānd-Amīr was a son of the author of the Ḥabīb al-siyar (see p. 78 supra) and appears to have lived in Harāt.

A florid history of S̲h̲āh Ismā ʿīl and more particularly S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp to 957/1550, dealing especially with events in K̲h̲urāsān and the Uzbak invasions, Rieu Suppt. 53 (ah 1042/1632), 54 (def. at beg. ah 983/1576).

§ 379. Mīrzā M. Qāsim “Qāsimī” Junābādī (or Junābad̲h̲ī or Gūnābādī) has already been mentioned (pp. 228–229 supra) as the author of a S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲-nāmah.

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S̲h̲āh-nāmah i Ismāʿīl, a mat̲h̲nawī on the history of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl, begun in his reign but completed in 940/1533–4, Sprenger 449, Rieu ii 660a (ah 948/1541. Pictures), 661a (ah 1180/1767), 819b (defective. 17th cent.), Bodleian 513 (ah 956/1550), 514 (ah 1105/1693–4), 515 (n.d. Pictures), 516, 517, Flügel i 638 (ah 974/1567), Ivanow Curzon 253 (5) (ah 982/1574–5), Āyā Ṣūfiyah 3030 (2) = Tauer 438 (ah 982/1574–5 ?), 3284 (1) = Tauer 439 (10th/16th cent.), Lālā Ismāʿīl 553 = Tauer 440 (ah 1000/1592), Browne Suppt. 790 (King’s 238), Dorn 457 (slightly defective at end), Ethé 1437 (Pictures), 1438, Ḥakīm-og̲h̲lu ʿAlī Pās̲h̲ā 773, Mas̲h̲had iii p. 95, r.a.s. P. 300 (defective at beginning).

Edition: S̲h̲āh-nāmah i Qāsimī, [Lucknow] 1870*.

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S̲h̲āh-nāmah i Ṭahmāsp, a mat̲h̲nawī on the history of S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp forming the second daftar of the preceding poem and extending in the ¶ defective b.m. ms. to ah 967: Dorn 456 [?] (ah 982/1574–5), Rieu ii 661b (ah 1180/1767).

§ 380. S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp i was born in 919/1514, succeeded his father, S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl i, in 930/1524 at the age of ten, and died in 984/1576 after reigning for 53 ½ years. In his reign Persia was repeatedly invaded by the Turkish Sulṭān, Sulaimān i (d. 974/1566), and by the Uzbaks.

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(Bayāḍ i mukālamah i S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp bā īlc̲h̲iyān), a long address (72 foll.) detailing the relations between Persia and Turkey since 1524 delivered by S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp to the envoys who reached Qazwīn on 16 July 1562 from Sulṭān Sulaimān i for the purpose of demanding the surrender of Prince Bāyazīd, who had fled to the Persian court:⁵ Dorn 302 (ah 1010/1601–2. 2 Pictures.)

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(Tad̲h̲kirah i S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp), a revised version of the aforementioned address⁶ preceded by a historical introduction giving S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp’s account of his reign: Ivanow 87 (ah 1212/1797–8), 88 (ad 1868), Berlin 442 (ad 1817).

Editions: (1) M. Ḥasan K̲h̲ān Iʿtimād al-Salṭanah Maṭlaʿ al-s̲h̲ams, [Ṭihrān ?] 1301–3/1884–6°, vol. ii, pp. 165–216 (see p. 279 infra and Browne Lit. Hist. iv p. 456). (2) Die Denkwürdigkeiten des Šâh Ṭahmâsp von Persien. [Herausgegeben] von P. Horn (in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, Bd. 44 (1890°*), pp. 563–649, Bd. 45 (1891°*), pp. 245–91). (3) Memoirs of Shāh Ṭahmāsp. Edited by Lt.-Col. C. Phillott. Calcutta 1912°* (Bibliotheca Indica, n.s. 1319). (4)Tad̲h̲kirah i S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp. Berlin 1923 (see Luzac’s Oriental List, vol. xxxvi, Jan.–March 1925, p. 18).

German translation: Die Denkwürdigkeiten Schâh Tahmâsp’s des Ersten von Persien … übersetzt … von P. Horn. Strassburg 1891°.

Description: Shah Tahmasp und seine Denkwürdigkeiten. Von F. Teufel (in z.d.m.g. xxxvii (1883), pp. 113–25).

Discussion: Zur Frage der Denkwürdigkeiten des Schah Ṭahmāsp I. von Persien. Von W. Hinz (in z.d.m.g., n.f. 13, Hft. 1 (1934), pp. 46–54).

[Browne Lit. Hist. iv 84–98; Ency. Isl. under Ṭahmāsp, and. the authorities there cited.]

¶ § 381. Ḥasan Bēg Rūmlū, a grandson of Amīr Sulṭān Rūmlū, hereditary feoffee of Qazwīn, was born at Qum in 938/1531–2, and was trained from early years to become a leader of the qūrc̲h̲īs. In 948/1541–2 he accompanied S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp on an expedition to Dizfūl and from that time onwards he took part in most of the king’s expeditions. In 953/1546–7, for example, he fought in Georgia, and four years later against the Kurds of Ardalān. At Qum in 985/1578 he did homage to M. K̲h̲udābandah, then on his way from S̲h̲īrāz to Qazwīn as claimant to the throne, and was taken into his service.⁷

Aḥsan al-tawārīk̲h̲, a general history in twelve⁸ volumes, of which only two are at present known to exist, viz. the eleventh extending from the accession of S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ in 807/1405 to 899/1493 or 900/1494–5,⁹ and the twelfth containing the reigns of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl i, S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp i and S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl ii from 900/1494–5 to 985/1577, the date of completion, with occasional notes on the Sulṭāns of Rūm, the C̲h̲ag̲h̲atāy K̲h̲āqāns, the Uzbak K̲h̲āns and much biographical material (obituary notices at the end of each year): Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 3317 = Tauer 162 (vols. xi and xii. Autograph ?), Bodleian 287 ([vol. xii] lacking ah 913 (end)/1508–931/1525. Dated ah 1010 (see j.r.a.s. 1927 p. 307): Ethé described it as old, but undated), Bāyazīd 2370 = Tauer 163 (vol. xii. ah 1012/1604), Asʿad 2157 = Tauer 164 (vol. xii. ah 1014/1605), Rieu Suppt. 55 ([vol. xii]. ah 1024/1615), Blochet i 474–5 (vols. xi–xii, defective at end. Vol. xi dated ah 1089/1678, vol. xii first half of 17th cent.), Chanykov 76 (a fragment of vol. xi extending from ah 887/1482 to 896/1491), Dorn 287 (vols. xi–xii, defective at both ends and extending from ah 807/1405 to 984/1576–7), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (apparently vol. xii. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (St. Petersburg 1859) p. 731).

Edition of vol. xii: A chronicle of the early Ṣafawīs being [vol. xii of] the Aḥsanu ’t-tawārīkh of Ḥasan-i-Rūmlū. Vol. i (Persian text). Edited by C.N. Seddon. Baroda, 1931* (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, No. lvii). Cf. V. Minorsky’s review in b.s.o.s. vii, pt. 2 (1934), pp. 449–55.

Extracts: B. Dorn Muhammedanische Quellen zur Geschiehte der südlichen Küstenländer des Kaspischen Meeres, Theil iv (St. Petersburg 1858), pp. 375–431.

¶ English translation of vol. xii: A chronicle of the early Ṣafawīs being [vol. xii of] the Aḥsanu ’t-tawārīkh of Ḥasan-i-Rūmlū. Vol. ii (English translation). Translated by C.N. Seddon. Baroda, 1934. Cf. V. Minorsky’s review in b.s.o.s. vii, pt. 4 (1935), pp. 990–3.

Description of vol. xii: C.N. Seddon Hasan-i-Rumlu’s Ahsanu’t-tawárikh (in jiras. 1927, pp. 307–13).

[Autobiographical statements in the Aḥsan al-tawārik̲h̲ (for which see jras. 1927, pp. 308–9, Rieu Suppt. 55).]

§ 382. According to W. Hinz (see Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen xxxvi (Berlin 1933), Westasiatische Studien, p. 20) the

History of the reign of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿil ii (ah 984/1576–985/1578) beginning Sitāyis̲h̲ u sipās i saʿādat-asās i afzūn az ḥadd u qiyās, ʿUmūmīyah 5162 = Tauer 441 (ah 986/1578), is only a slightly altered reproduction of the part of Ḥasan Rūmlū’s Aḥsan al-tawārīk̲h̲ dealing with the years 984–5/1576–7.

§ 383. Siyāqī Niẓām composed in 1007/1598–9 and dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i the

Futūḥāt i humāyūn (chronogram), a history of the first 12 years of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i, divided into a preface called karāmat and 12 futūḥ, of which only the last (on the conquest of K̲h̲urāsān, beginning with the middle of S̲h̲aʿbān 1006/March 1598) seems to exist: Blochet i 484 (part of the preface and the 12th fatḥ, def. at end. Pictures (described in Revue des bibliothèques, 1898, p. 140. 1st half of 17th cent.)), Ethé 537 (only preface and 12th fatḥ. ah 1059/1649).

§ 384. Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad, Munajjim, Yazdī, or, more briefly, Jalāl i Munajjim was chief astronomer at the court of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i.

(Tārik̲h̲ i ʿAbbāsī), a detailed history of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i from his birth to ah 1020/1611, including the reigns of S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl ii and Sulṭān M. K̲h̲udā-bandah: Bodleian 288 (ah 1053/1643), Rieu i 184 (17th cent.), Suppt. 57 (ah 1106/1695. Defective at beginning).

§ 385. Of unknown authorship is the

Afḍal al-tawārīk̲h̲, a history of the Ṣafawīs composed in the reign of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i, ah 996/1587–1037/1628: Rieu Suppt. 56 (reign of Ṭahmāsp only, i.e. Jild ii, daftar 1. ah 1049/1639).

§ 386. Imām-Qulī K̲h̲ān, the son and successor of Allāh-Wirdī K̲h̲ān, Bēglarbēgī of Fārs, captured from the Portuguese first the island of Kis̲h̲m and soon afterwards the town of Hurmūz (Jarūn), after a siege of two months, in the ¶ thirty-sixth year of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i, ah 1032/1623 (see Malcolm History of Persia i p. 546). These victories were celebrated in two epics by a certain “Qadrī”.

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Jang-nāmah i Kis̲h̲m: Vatican p. 27 no. 66.

Edition with Italian translation: Luigi Bonelli Il poemetto persiano Jang-nāma-i Kishm (in Rendiconti della R. Accademia dei Lincei, vi (Rome 1890) pp. 291–303). Cf. G.i.P. ii p. 239.

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Jarūn-nāmah, a mat̲h̲nawī on the capture of Hurmūz with a continuation telling of the execution of Imām-Qulī K̲h̲ān by S̲h̲āh Ṣafī in 1043/1633–4: Rieu ii 681a (ah 1109/1697. Pictures).

§ 387. Iskandar al-s̲h̲ahīr bi-Muns̲h̲ī, as he calls himself, or Iskandar Bēg, as he is called in the Fawāʾid i Ṣafawīyah (see Morley p. 133, n. 2), was born circ. 968/1560. Of his parentage nothing seems to be known. In his early life he was an accountant, but, abandoning this profession, he devoted himself to ins̲h̲āʾ¹⁰ and obtained an appointment in the royal secretariat. At the beginning of 995/1586–7, when, as he tells us, he was twenty-six years old, he volunteered for military service in al-ʿIrāq against the rebel supporters of the pretender Ṭahmāsp Mīrzā. In 1001/1592–3 he was appointed one of the muns̲h̲iʾān i ʿiẓām and became a member of the royal retinue. He was thus an eye-witness of many events described by him, and occasionally he mentions expressly that he was a spectator or a participant. A number of such instances has been collected by von Erdmann in the work referred to below. His history in its original shape, to the end of Ṣaḥīfah ii, Maqṣad i, was completed in 1025/1616, and the second Maqṣad in 1038/1628–9, when, he says, he had reached the age of seventy. According to the Mirʾāt al-ʿālam it was in this year that he died.

Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿālam-ārāy i ʿAbbāsī, a history of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās and his predecessors divided into (1) a Muqaddimah, on the origin of the Ṣafawīs and the reigns of Ismāʿīl and Ṭahmāsp, (2) Ṣaḥīfah i, from the birth of ʿAbbās, ah 978/1570–1, to his accession, ah 996/1587, (3) Ṣaḥīfah ii (a) Maqṣad i, the first thirty years of his reign to ah 1025/1616, (b), Maqṣad ii¹¹ (sometimes called Ṣaḥīfah iii), to his death and the accession of Ṣafī, ah 1038 /1629: Flügel ii 953 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii, the first dated ah 1013/1601 (!!)), 954 (ah 1110/1699), Rieu i 186b (early 17th cent., once in possession of Sulṭān M. Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (d. 1035/1626), ¶ except Maqṣad ii and some lacunæ, which have been supplied in a later hand), Rieu ii 809a (Maqṣad ii, lacking biographies at end. ah 1038/1629), Rieu i 185b (17th cent.), 187a (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 1070/1660), 187a (an earlier recension containing in the preface a eulogy on the wazīr Abū Ṭālib K̲h̲ān and divided into twelve maqālahs,¹² of which the first corresponds to the Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i of the later recension, while the remaining eleven are extremely short and deal mainly with the qualities of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās. Defective at end. 17th cent.), 186b (slightly defective at beginning and end. 18th cent.), 187b–188b (seven copies, incomplete), Rieu ii 808b (Muqaddimah and reigns of Ismāʿīl and Ṭahmāsp in the earlier recension, defective at both ends. 17th cent. (?)), Rieu iii 1066a (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i (divided into twelve maqālahs). 17th cent.), Rieu Suppt. 59 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii, defective. ah 1060/1650), Lindesiana p. 157 nos. 163 (vol. i [= Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i ?]. ah 1036/1626–7), 915 ([complete ?]. ah 1079/1669), 916 (vol. ii, pt. 2 [= Maqṣad ii ?]. ah 1213/1798–9), 434 (imperfect), Ivanow Curzon 20 (Ṣaḥīfah ii (both Maqṣads). ah 1041/1632 ?), Ivanow 89 (ah 1079–80/1688–70), 90–93 (three complete copies and one of Ṣaḥīfah i), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 927 (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 1229/1814), Bānkīpūr vi 521 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii. ah 1043/1633–4), 519 (Muqaddimah, Ṣaḥīfah i and Maqṣad ii. 19th cent.), 520 (ditto. 19th cent.), 522 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqsad i] and Maqṣad ii. 18th cent.), Browne Pers. Cat. 73 (Maqṣad ii. ah 1050/1640), 71 (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i. N.d.), 72 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqsad i]. N.d.), Browne Coll. H. 13 (12) = Houtum-Schindler 20 (Muqaddimah divided into twelve maqālahs and Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 1095/1684), H. 14 (13) = Houtum-Schindler 20 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii. ah 1055/1645), Browne Suppt. 849 (Ṣaḥīfah ii (both Maqṣads apparently.) Christ’s), Ethé 538 (ah 1050/1640), 539 (ah 1052/1642), 540–54 (fifteen copies, complete and incomplete, dating from ah 1058/1648 onwards), i.o. D.P. 690A (Ṣaḥīfah i and Maqṣad ii. 18th cent.), 690B (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i. 17th cent.), Bodleian 289 (lacks Maqṣad ii. ah 1055/1645), 290–9 (ten copies, complete and incomplete), ʿUmūmīyah 4976 = Tauer 443 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii. ah 1056/1646), r.a.s. P. 140–5 = Morley 139–44 (six copies, all incomplete, one dated ah 1059/1649), Āṣafīyah i p. 266 nos. 261 (2nd half. ah 1062/1652), 635 (1st half. ah 1195/1684), p. 248 nos. 990–1, Edinburgh 240 (ah 1064/1653), 84 (18th cent.), Būhār 56 (Maqṣad ii. ah 1074/1665), 52 ¶ (complete. ah 1096/1684–5), 53 (fragment. ʿĀlamgīr’s reign), 54 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i]. 17th cent.), 55 (Maqṣad ii. 18th cent.), Majlis 264 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii. ah 1076/1665–6), 263 (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i), 265 (Ṣaḥīfah ii (Maqṣad i only ?)), Berlin 18 (ii) 7 (Ṣaḥīfah i and first nine years of Ṣaḥīfah ii. ah 1077/1666), 443 (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 1218/1803–4), 444 (Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 151 = 1051/1641 (?)), 445 (Ṣaḥīfah ii, Maqṣad i. ah 1094/1683), 446 (Maqṣad ii), Blochet i 476–83 (eight copies, all incomplete, dating from 17th cent. onwards), iv 2321 (Muqaddimah and Ṣaḥīfah i. Latter half of 17th cent.), Asʿad 2088 = Tauer 444 (Ṣaḥīfah i and Maqṣad ii, defective at end. ah 1092/1681), K̲h̲āliṣ Efendī 2783 = Tauer 446 (Ṣaḥīfah ii (apparently Maqṣad i only) slightly defective. Circ. ah 1100/1688–9), 3857 = Tauer 448 (Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 1159/1746), d.m.g. 15 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii. 17th cent.), Lahore Panjab Univ. Lib. (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii. ah 1120/1708–9. See Oriental College Magazine vol. ii, no. 3 (Lahore, May 1926), p. 68), Chanykov 93–4 (ah 1135/1723), Ḥakīmog̲h̲lu ʿAlī Pās̲h̲ā 704 = Tauer 447 (Ṣaḥīfah i. ah 1159/1746), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (Maqṣad ii. ah 1170/1756. See Mélanges asiatiques ii (St. Petersburg 1852–6) p. 58), Pub. Lib. (2 copies. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (St. Petersburg 1859), p. 731), Mas̲h̲had iii p. 91 (defective. ah 1181/1767–8), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 59, Aumer 230 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i]), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 26 (Ṣaḥīfah i), Rehatsek p 84 no. 23 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i] and Maqṣad ii), Salemann-Rosen p. 13 nos. 73, 169, 577 (Ṣaḥīfah ii [Maqṣad i presumably]), 929 (Ṣaḥīfah iii [= Maqṣad ii presumably]).

For a history of S̲h̲āh Ṣafī ascribed by Dorn to Iskandar Muns̲h̲ī and described by him as a continuation of the Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿālamārāy i ʿAbbāsī see p. 245 infra.

Edition: Ṭihrān 1313–14/1896–7 (see Harrassowitz’s Bücher-Katalog 430 (1931) no. 639).

Extracts: B. Dorn Muhammedanische Quellen zur Geschichte der südlichen Küstenländer des Kaspischen Meeres, St. Petersburg 1850–8°*, Theil iv, pp. 238–421 and 510–14.

Descriptions: (1) De manuscripto persico Iskenderi Manesii eruditis huc usque incognito disseruit Franc. Erdmann. Kazan, 1822 (see Zenker ii p. 61 no. 789, z.d.m.g. xv (1861), p. 457, Morley p. 135). This is a description of a manuscript containing only Ṣaḥīfah ii, which was subsequently acquired for the Kazan University Library. (2) Iskender Munschi und sein Werk. Von … F. von Erdmann (in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft xv (1861) pp. 457–501). (3) Browne Lit. Hist. iv 107–10 (some details of the Muqaddimah).

¶ [Autobiographical statements in the preface and elsewhere (see Rieu i 185b–187a, iii 1082a, and especially Erdmann’s article mentioned below); Mirʾāt al-‘ālam (Rieu i 125) fol. 483b (cited Rieu iii 1082a as authority for date of Iskandar’s death (1038)); Iskender Munschi und sein Werh. Von … F. von Erdmann (in z.d.m.g. xv (1861), pp. 457–501); Bānkīpūr vi p. 178; Ency. Isl. under Iskandar Beg Muns̲h̲ī.]

§ 388. Mīrzā Bēg¹³ b. Ḥasan Ḥasanī¹⁴ Junābadī was in the train of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās at the conquest of Ād̲h̲arbāyjān.

Raudat al-Ṣafawīyah, a flowery history of the Ṣafawī dynasty from its origin to the beginning of S̲h̲āh Ṣafī’s reign (ah 1038/1628), begun in 1023/1614–15: Rieu Suppt. 58 (defective at end. ah 1052/1643), Lālā Ismāʿīl 346 = Tauer 449 (defective at beginning. ah 1082/1671–2).

§ 389. Of unknown authorship is a short

History of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i and S̲h̲āh Ṣafī to the capture of Erivan [in 1045 ? see Rieu i p. 189a] (beg. Ammā bi-dān kih S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās pisar i S̲h̲āh K̲h̲udā-bandah ast): Berlin 447 (before ad 1672).

§ 390. Mīr M. Ḥusain Ḥusainī Tafris̲h̲ī, the author of a number of model letters etc. collected in 1087/1676–7 (Flügel i 281 (2)), wrote also

A sketch (35 foll.) of S̲h̲āh Ṣafī’s reign from ah 1038/1628–9 (the year of his accession) to ah 1041/1631–2 (headed Mabādī i tārīk̲h̲ i zamān i Nawwāb i riḍwān-makān kih marḥūm i mag̲h̲fūr Mīr M. Ḥusain al-Ḥusainī Tafris̲h̲ī ba-ʿunwān i namūmah nawis̲h̲tah and): Flügel i 281 (1).

§ 391. M. Maʿṣūm b. K̲h̲wājagī Iṣfahānī, apparently a Master of the Horse (“kih ba-k̲h̲idmat i is̲h̲rāf i iṣṭabl nāmwar [maʾmūr ?] ast”), is said by Aumer to describe himself in the preface as the author of

A history of S̲h̲āh Ṣafi from his accession on 24 D̲h̲ū ’l-Ḥijjah 1037/1627 [sic] to the accession of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii on 16 Ṣafar 1052/1642, beginning with the words Sitāyis̲h̲ u niyāyis̲h̲ Raḥīmī rā sazāst and ending with chapters on (1) the author himself, (2) the Ziyād-Og̲h̲lī family and the town of Ganjah: Aumer 31 (ah 10724/1663–4).

Presumably identical with this, in spite of discrepancies in the descriptions, is the work described by Dorn as

¶ A continuation of the Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿālam-ārāy i ʿAbbāsī written by the author himself, containing the history of S̲h̲āh Ṣafī during the years 1038–1052 and the accession of ʿAbbās ii on 16 Ṣafar 1052, possibly entitled K̲h̲ulāṣat al-siyar (as seems to be suggested by a passage in the K̲h̲ātimah), beginning with the words Ārāyis̲h̲ i ʿunwān i jarāʾid and having before the K̲h̲ātimah chapters on (1) the author himself, (2) Murtaḍā-Qulī K̲h̲ān Ziyād-Og̲h̲lī, Governor of Ganjah, “sous la protection duquel Iskender Mounchi composa cet ouvrage,” and the town of Ganjah itself: Dorn 303 (1) = Dorn a.m. p. 382. Apparently another copy of the same work is Leyden v p. 230 no. 2637 (ending abruptly with the year 1044/1634–5). De Goeje, the author of this part of the Leyden catalogue, assumes the identity of this work with Dorn 303 (1), and mentions that in the Leyden manuscript no special title is given to it. He does not quote the opening words. F. Teufel had hoped to settle this question of identity by a comparison of the three manuscripts (see z.d.m.g. xxxvi (1882) p. 92), but doubtless this was one of the projects frustrated by his early death.

§ 392. ʿImād al-Daulah Mīrzā M. Ṭāhir “Waḥīd” b. Mīrzā Ḥusain K̲h̲ān Qazwīnī, after serving as muns̲h̲ī to the Wazīrs Mīrzā Taqī al-Dīn M. and K̲h̲alīfah Sulṭān, was appointed in 1055/1645, as he tells us, Historiographer (Majlis-nawīs) to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii. According to the Zīnat al-tawārīk̲h̲ (b.m. Add. 23515 (Rieu i 135–6, cf. p. 115 supra), fol. 689b, cited by Rieu, who inadvertently calls the work Zīnat al-majālis), he became Wazīr in 1101/1689–90 and remained eighteen years in office. “Ḥazīn,” who was born at Iṣfahān in 1103/1692, and who had seen “Waḥīd” four or five times in his father’s house after his resignation, says that he was appointed to the Wizārat i aʿẓam in S̲h̲āh Sulaimān’s time and resigned it some years after the beginning of S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain’s reign (ah 1105/1694–1135/1722). “Ḥazīn” says that he was nearly a hundred years old when he died, but he does not mention the date of that occurrence. The date 1110/1698–9 is given by the Zubdat al-g̲h̲arāʾib (cited by Rieu), the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-afkār, and other authorities,¹⁵ but Rieu points out that a letter of his dated ah 1111/1699–1700 is mentioned in the b.m. Turkish catalogue and that according to the Zīnat al-tawārīk̲h̲ Fatḥ-ʿAlī K̲h̲ān succeeded him as Wazīr in 1120/1708–9. Ṭāhir “Waḥid” was regarded as the greatest stylist of his time. His Ins̲h̲āʾ, or Muns̲h̲aʾāt, has been published several times in India (Calcutta 1826°, Lucknow 1260/1844*, 1868°*, 1873°), and there are several manuscripts recorded (e.g. Rieu ii 810b, iii 1019a, Bodleian 1387–8, Ross and Browne 190, Blochet i 684, Browne Suppt. 703, 1259, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 955).

¶ According to the Ātas̲h̲-kadah “Waḥīd’s” poems were praised only on account of their author’s rank. For manuscripts of his dīwān see Bānkīpūr iii 365, Ethé 1653–5, Ivanow 820–1, Flügel i 633, Vollers 944 [?]. For a manuscript of two of his mat̲h̲nawīs, (1) untitled, (2) Nāz u Niyāz, see Bānkīpūr 366. Another, Gulzār i ʿAbbāsī, is included in Rieu Suppt. 376 (fol. 96b). For the K̲h̲uld i barīn of his brother, M. Yūsuf “Wālih”, see p. 101 supra.

(ʿAbbās-nāmah), or (Tārīk̲h̲ i Ṭāhir i Waḥīd), or (Tārīk̲h̲ i S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i T̲h̲ānī),¹⁶ a history of the first fifteen years of the reign of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii (acc. 1052/1642 at the age of ten, d. 1077/1666), i.e. to the end of 1066/1656: Rehatsek p. 88 no. 27 (ah 1054/1644–5 (!!)), Dorn 303 (2) = Dorn a.m. p. 382 no. 29 (b) (extends to ah 1074/1663, the date of transcription. (Autograph ?)), Rieu i 189b (17th cent.), 190a (18th cent.), 190b (early 19th cent.), iii 1019b (ad 1742), Suppt. 60 (extending to ah 1073–4/1663, the 22nd year of the reign. ah 1152/1739), 61 (with the same continuation, but defective at the beginning. 18th cent.), Ḥamīdīyah 904 = Tauer 451 (17th cent.), Rāg̲h̲ib 1211 = Tauer 452 (transcribed from the preceding ?), Ethé 555 (n.d.), 556 (n.d.), 557 (defective at beginning. ah 1155/1742), i.o. D.P. 688A (18th cent.), 688B (early 19th cent.), Āṣafīyah i p. 226 no. 341 (ah 1207/1792–3), Bānkīpūr vi 523 (defective at end. 18th cent.), Būhār 57 (defective. 18th cent.), Bodleian 301, Eton 174, Browne Pers. Cat. 75 i (ah 1218/1803), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 928 (early 19th cent.), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ p 58 no. 955 (3).

Short extract: B. Dorn Muhammedanische Quellen zur Geschichte der südlichen Küstenländer des Kaspischen Meeres, Theil iv, St. Petersburg 1858, pp. 532–3.

[Autobiographical statements in the ʿAbbās-nāmah (see Rieu i 189b–190a); Qiṣaṣ al-K̲h̲āqānī (Rieu i 190b) fol. 164a; Tad̲h̲kirah i Ṭāhir i Naṣrābādī (i.o., d.p. 587 foll. 8a–9b); Kalimāt al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ (Sprenger p. 114); Hamīs̲h̲ah bahār (Sprenger p. 130); Muntak̲h̲ab al-as̲h̲ʿār (Bodleian 379) no. 706; Riyāḍ al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ (Ivanow Curzon 57 no. 2456); “Ḥazīn” Tad̲h̲kirat al-muʿāṣirīn (i.o., d.p. 586, fol. 25b; Sprenger p. 137); Sarw i āzād (Ivanow Curzon 58 fol. 33b); Dīwān i muntak̲h̲ab (Sprenger p. 151); Ātas̲h̲-kadah no. 549; K̲h̲ulāṣat al-kalām (Bodleian 390) no. 73; K̲h̲ulāṣat al-afkār (Bodleian 391) no. 298; Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 2976; Hammer-Purgstall Geschichte der schönen Redekünste Persiens pp. 380–3; Majmaʿ al-fuṣaḥāʾ ii p. 50; Rieu i 1896–190a, Suppt. 60; Bānkīpūr iii pp. 172–3; Browne Lit. Hist. iv 264; Ency. Isl. under Ṭāhir Waḥīd.]

¶ § 393. M. Ṭāhir b. M. Yūsuf Qazwīnī dedicated to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii (ah 1052/1642–1077/1666) a history of which the title appears to be

K̲h̲ulāṣah i maqāl (beg. Nīkūtarīn kalāmī kih nuktahdānān i maʿānī), and of which the sole recorded copy is defective, containing only two chapters ((i) a short account of Muḥammad and the Twelve Imāms, (ii) on S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās’s ancestors from Ṣafī al-Dīn Isḥāq onwards): Bodleian 300 (ends with ah 985/1578, the year of Ismāʿīl ii’s death).

§ 394. Abū ’l-Qāsim Ḥaidar Bēg Īwāg̲h̲lī was Īs̲h̲ik Āqā-sī in the time of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i. S̲h̲āh Ṣafī appointed him Doorkeeper (Darbān) of the royal Ḥarīm at Iṣfahān and in 1046/1636–7 Īs̲h̲ik Āqā-sī Bās̲h̲ī. In 1075/1664–5 he was put to death by S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii.

Majmaʿ al-ins̲h̲ā, or Nusk̲h̲ah i jāmiʿah i murāsalāt i ūlū ’l-albāb, dedicated to S̲h̲āh Ṣafī but completed under ʿAbbās ii (reigned 1052/1642–1077/1666), a collection of letters to and from the rulers of Persia and adjacent countries, royal diplomas and other documents from the time of Alp Arslān to that of ʿAbbās ii, divided into two juzʾ ((1) Pre-Ṣafawid documents, (2) documents of the time of the first seven Ṣafawids in seven faṣls) and a k̲h̲ātimah (letters of elegant writers and select chronograms): Rieu i 389 (lacks Faṣl 7 of Juzʾ ii and the k̲h̲ātimah. 17th cent. Full Analysis), Suppt. 398 (somewhat defective. 17th cent. Contents described in Rieu’s Turkish Cat. p. 86).

[Autobiographical statements (for which see Rieu i 389a); Qiṣaṣ al-K̲h̲āqānī (Rieu i 190b) foll. 45, 147; Rieu i 389a iii, 1087 ad 389a, Suppt. 398.]

§ 395. Walī-Qulī S̲h̲āmlū b. Dāwud-Qulī left Harāt in his youth and became Mustaufī to Malik Nuṣrat K̲h̲ān in Sijistān. Some years later he went to Qandahār and became superintendent of the palace to D̲h̲ū ’l-Faqār K̲h̲ān, the Governor, but he was dismissed by Manṣūr K̲h̲ān, who succeeded in 1073/1662–3. Then, at the age of 38, he found leisure to begin the

Qiṣaṣ al-K̲h̲āqānī (a chronogram = 1073, the date of commencement, but towards the end ah 1076/1665–6 is often mentioned as the current year, and later dates to ah 1085/1674–5 occur), a history of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii from his accession (ah 1052/1642) to his death (ah 1077/1666) with an account of his predecessors: Blochet i 485 (ah 1124/1712), Rieu i 190b (ah 1128/1716 ?).

§ 396. S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Ḥusain b. S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Abdāl Zāhidī was a descendant of S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Zāhid Gīlānī, who was the spiritual director of S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Ṣafī al-Dīn Isḥāq, the ancestor of the Ṣafawīs. He was from his youth attached to the service of the ¶ Ṣafawīs, but after the conquest of Qandahār by S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii in 1059/1649 he was compelled by old age to seek seclusion. It was to S̲h̲āh Sulaimān (reigned 1077/1667–1105/1694) that he dedicated his

Silsilat al-nasab i Ṣafawīyah, an account of the Ṣafawī family, especially of Ṣafī al-Dīn Isḥāq (for whom see Ency. Isl.) and the six succeeding heads of the family (Ṣadr al-Dīn, K̲h̲wājah ʿAlī, Ibrāhīm called S̲h̲aik̲h̲ S̲h̲āh, Junaid, Sulṭān Ḥaidar, S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl) with a k̲h̲ātimah relating to S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Zāhid Gīlānī and his descendants: Browne Coll. H. 12 (11) = Houtum-Schindler (n.d. 5 pictures), Chanykov 92 (from which a short extract was given with French translation by Khanikoff in Mélanges asiatiques i pp. 580–3).

Edition: Silsilat al-nasab i Ṣafawīyah … Silsilät-ul-Nässäb Généalogie de la dynastie Säfävy de la Perse par Cheik Hossein fils de Cheik Abdâl Zâhedî. Berlin 1343/1924–5* (Publications Iranschähr No. 6).

Descriptions: Note on an apparently unique Manuscript History of the Safawi Dynasty of Persia. By Edward G. Browne (in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, July 1921, pp. 395–418). Cf. F. Babinger’s remarks thereon in Der Islam xii (1921–2) pp. 231–3.

§ 397. A certain Bījan, who describes himself as Tārīkh-i-Ṣafawī-K̲h̲wān, wrote for a grandson of Rustam K̲h̲ān’s

An account of the life and times of Rustam K̲h̲ān, a general of Georgian birth distinguished in the wars against the Turks, who became Yasāwal i Ṣuḥbat (personal attendant) to S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i in 1012/1603–4, sardār in 1033/1623–4, Dīwānbēgī in 1036/1626–7, Sipah-sālār and Bēglarbēgī of Ād̲h̲arbāyjān in 1042/1632–3, was commander in K̲h̲urāsān at the accession of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii in 1052/1642 and was put to death in this year: Rieu i 188b (ah 1104/1693).

§ 398. In the reign of S̲h̲ah Sulaimān (ah 1077/1666–1105/1694) was written

S̲h̲āhans̲h̲āh-nāmah, a mat̲h̲nawī dealing apparently with the history of the Ṣafawīs: Mehren 131 (chap. x only (on the reign of S̲h̲āh Ṣafī ah 1038–1052). ah 1120/1710 ?).

§ 399. M. Ibrāhīm b. Zain al-‘ābidīn Naṣīrī¹⁷ belonged to a family of which several members had held high office under the Ṣafawīs. His grandfather Ṭālib K̲h̲ān had been Wazīr i Dīwān i Aʿlā. In 1110/1698–9 he was appointed Majlis-nawīs or court historiographer.

¶ Dastūr i s̲h̲ahriyārān, a pompous history of S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain (who reigned from 1105/1694 to 1135/1722): Rieu Suppt. 62 (damaged and defective at end, breaking off in the year 1110/1698–9. 18th cent.).

§ 400. Raḍī al-Dīn Tafris̲h̲ī compiled from the information of trustworthy persons

A history of Persia from the death of S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain to the death of Karīm K̲h̲ān Zand ah 1193/1779: Rieu ii 798b (ah 1197/1783).

§ 401. The fall of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii (see p. 251, n. 282, infra) in 1163/1750 was followed by the departure of some of his descendants to India. Sulṭān Dāwud Mīrzā entered the service of ʿĀlamgīr ii (reigned ah 1167/1754–1173/1759) and subsequently went to Bengal, where he died at Murs̲h̲idābād in 1204/1789. Prince M. K̲h̲alīl b. Dāwud Mīrzā b. S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii went to India from Iṣfahān in 1192/1778.

Majmaʿ al-tawārī̱k̲h̲, a history of Persia from the insurrection of the G̲h̲ilzah Afg̲h̲āns at Qandahār ah 1120/1708–9 to the year 1207/1792–3, the date of completion, with a detailed account of the life of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii: Berlin 436, i.o. 3750.

§ 402. Abū ’l-Ḥasan b. Ibrāhīm Qazwīnī dedicated to his royal master Abū ’l-Fatḥ Sulṭān Muḥammad Mīrzā Bahādur K̲h̲ān Ṣafawī, the last Ṣafawī to be called a king (in 1200/1785), who fled to Sind in 1205/1790–1 and settled at Lucknow in 1210/1795–6, the

Fawāʾid i Ṣafawīyah, a history of the Ṣafawīs and of the rulers in “rebellion” against them (G̲h̲ilzai Afg̲h̲āns, Kac̲h̲alātīs, Afs̲h̲ārs, Abdālīs, Zands and Qājārs) to ah 1211/1796–7, the date of composition (with a continuation to ah 1216/1801–2, in Ethé 567 to ah 1220/1805–6): Rieu i 133a (early 19th cent.), 134b (an enlarged recension omitting the rulers in rebellion but incorporating Guftārs 4 and 5 of Maqālah vi and Maqālah vii of the Tārīk̲h̲ i Īlc̲h̲ī i Niẓām-Shāh (see p. 88 supra). Defective at beginning. Early 19th cent.), Edinburgh 86 (only the section on the Qājārs. ah 1223/1808–9), Ivanow 98 (early 13th cent. ah), Berlin 534 (2) (ah 1265/1848–9), Browne Pers. Cat. 62, Ethé 567, r.a.s. P. 146 = Morley 145.

§ 403. M. Mahdī b. M. Hādī S̲h̲īrāzī lived in the time of Abū ’l-Fatḥ Sulṭān M. Mīrzā [Bahādur K̲h̲ān Ṣafawī, the last Ṣafawī to be called a king (in 1200/1785), who fled to Sind in 1205/1790–1 and settled at Lucknow in 1210/1795–6].

Tārīk̲h̲ i Ṭahmāsīyah, a history based largely on the Tārīk̲h̲ i Īlchī i Niẓām-Shāh (see p. 88 supra) and dealing chiefly with the Ṣafawīs (the first two being treated most fully) but also with the rulers of Ṭabaristān, ¶ Gīlān and Rūm (to Sulaimān b. Salīm d. 974/1566) and some Indian dynasties (the Mug̲h̲als down to Aḥmad S̲h̲āh, who reigned ah 1161/1749–1167/1754): Berlin 412.

§ 404. M. Hās̲h̲im b. S.M. Mirzā was the fifth son of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii¹⁸ and was born at Mas̲h̲had ah 1165/1751–2. He and his elder brother Qāsim Mīrzā were well treated by Karīm K̲h̲ān Zand and they lived partly in S̲h̲īrāz and partly in Iṣfahān.

Tad̲h̲kirah i Āl i Dāwud or Zīwar i Āl i Dāwud, written ah 1218/1803–4 (but later dates occur), a history of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii and his family in a muqaddimah (on Amīr Qiwām al-Dīn Ṣādiq and his descendants), two bābs ((1) on Mírzā M. Dāwud al-Ḥusainī, S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii’s father, and his children, (2) on S̲h̲āh Sulaimān ii) and a k̲h̲ātimah (copies of title-deeds and other documents relating to the family estates): Rieu i 191b (lacks k̲h̲ātimah. ah 1226/1811), Suppt. 64 (19th cent.), Ivanow 99 (ah 1226/1811).

§ 405. Miscellaneous works relating to the Ṣafawids:—

(1)

Baṣīrat-nāmah dar gud̲h̲āris̲h̲ u istīlā i Afg̲h̲ān bar Iṣfahān dar zamān i daulat i S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Husain, a condensed translation by ʿAbd al-Razzāq b. Najaf-Qulī (d. 1243/1827–8. See the section History: Persia: Qājārs below) of the Turkish version (Tārīk̲h̲ i saiyāḥ dar bayān i ẓuhūr i Ag̲h̲wāniyān u sabab i inhidām i daulat i S̲h̲āhān i Ṣafawiyān) of the Polish Jesuit missionary Judas Thaddaeus Krusinski’s Tragica vertentis belli Persici historia per repetitas clades ab anno 1711 ad annum 1728 continuata.

(2)

S̲h̲arḥ i waqāʾiʿ u sawāniḥ i dār al-salṭanah Tabrīz etc., an account of the hostilities round Tabrīz in 1137/1724–5 and the following years (apparently until 1142/1729–30, since the account ends with a chronogram for that year) during the Turkish operations against the town under Ḥakimog̲h̲lū ʿAlī Pāshā (and others ?): Berlin 438.

(3)

Tārīk̲h̲ i fārisī fī wilādat al-Sulṭān Abī ’l-Muẓaffar S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp maʿ istik̲h̲rāj saiyārāt mīlādihi wa-nujūm ṭāliʿihi wa-maṭāliʿ sāʿāt saʿādatihi yurattibuhu ’l-muqarrab ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusain al-Kāshānī bi-is̲h̲ārat al-amīr al-muqarrab al-Sulṭānī Saiyid al-S̲h̲arīf al-T̲h̲ānī wa-hād̲h̲ā nusk̲h̲ah aṣlīyah tulaqqā bi-’l-qabūl ʿind ḥaḍrat [sic] al-Sulṭānīyah: Salemann-Rosen p. 13 no. 620.

(4)

Tārīk̲h̲ i pāds̲h̲āhān i Ṣafawīyah, author not stated: Madras.

¶ § 406. For the (Tārīk̲h̲ i Īlc̲h̲ī i Niẓām-S̲h̲āh), of K̲h̲wurs̲h̲āh b. Qubād al-Ḥusainī, a general history to ah 970/1562–3, containing valuable information concerning S̲h̲āh Ismāʿīl and S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp, see p. 88 supra.

For the (Tārīk̲h̲ i Ḥaidarī), of Ḥaidar b. ʿAlī Ḥusainī Rāzī, a general history completed in 1028/1618–19 and containing valuable information concerning the Ṣafawids, see p. 96 supra.

For the Zubdat al-tawārīk̲h̲, of Kamāl K̲h̲ān b. Jalāl, a general history including a detailed account of the Ṣafawids to 1063/1652, see p. 101 supra.

For the K̲h̲uld i barīn, of M. Yūsuf “Wālih”, a general history composed in 1078/1667–8 and containing information concerning the Ṣafawids to the time of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān, see p. 101 supra.

For the Zubdat al-tawārīk̲h̲, of M. Muḥsin, a general history compiled in 1154/1741–2 and containing a short but valuable contemporary record of the decline of the Ṣafawids and the rise of Nādir, see p. 106 supra.

next chapter: 3.11 Nādir S̲h̲āh