In Volume 4: Law; Tradition; Religion; Sufism; Bahāʾism Prayers; Hinduism; Translations from Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian Languages, Ethics; Philosophy; Logic

previous chapter: 3.1 Religion (1)

§ 471. Nawwāb M. Riḍā “Najm” b. Abī ’l-Qāsim Ṭabāṭabāʾī¹ has already been mentioned as the author of several historical and other works (pl. i nos. 180, 656, 691, 1212).

Maẓāhir al-adyān (a chronogram = 1243/1827–8, the date of inception. Beg. Ḥ. i nā-maḥdūd u t̲h̲. i nā-maʿdūd muk̲h̲taṣṣ i d̲h̲āt), a large work on religions and sects, of which, however, only Islām, especially S̲h̲īʿism, is discussed at much length: Bānkīpūr xvi 1459 (507 foll. ah 1272/1856, transcribed from an autograph), Rieu iii 1018 b (only Tafrīq 4 of Maqṣad iii, on the Ṣūfīs and their orders. ad 1849).

§ 472. Asad Allāh “Nādir” b. ʿAbd al-G̲h̲affār b. Āqā-yi S̲h̲ahrk̲h̲wāstī² Māzandarānī.

[Riyāḍ al-ʿārifīn p. 548; Majmaʿ al-fuṣaḥāʾ ii p. 499.]

ʿIbrah li-l-nāẓirīn wa-’stibṣār al-bāsirīn, composed in 1250/1834–5 at al-Baṣrah in refutation of a work by Pādrī Wilson: Bombay 1285/1868–9 [1287/1870‡] (in Mahmūd b. M. Kāẓim Māzandarānī’s miscellany Maṭāriḥ al-anẓār, pp. 256–78).

¶ § 473. S. ʿAlī b. Dildār ʿAlī Naṣīrābādī Lak’hnawī, the second son of S. Dildār ʿAlī (for whom see pl. iv no. 451 supra), was born at Lucknow in 1200/1786 and died at Karbalāʾ on 18 Ramaḍān 1259/12 Oct. 1843.³

[Nujūm al-samāʾ pp. 402–3; Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i p. 10.]

(1)

Hidāyat al-mustabṣirīn fī maʿrifat masāʾil al-dīn (beg. al-H. l. ’l. j. al-ʿibādāt sabab^an), a detailed work on S̲h̲īʿite theology in two bābs: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1052 (mid – 19th cent.).

(2)

al-Nuṣrat al-Ḥusainīyah fī ibāḥat al-ḍarāʾiḥ al-maḥkīyah, presumably identical with the risālah dar jawāz i taʿziyah-dārī i janāb i Saiyid al-s̲h̲uhadāʾ mentioned among his works in the Nujūm al-samāʾ, p. 403⁶: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358 no. 599.

(3)

Tuḥfah i Nāṣirīyah: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1336 no. 558.

§ 474. Ḥujjat al-Islām Muḥammad b. Ḥusain [b. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn] Tabrīzī Mamaqānī,⁴ a S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī divine and a pupil of Aḥmad Aḥsāʾī, died in 1269/1852–3 (see Majlis ii pp. 73–4, al-Maʾāt̲h̲ir wa-’l-āt̲h̲ār p. 161). His son Ḥujjat al-Islām M. Taqī “Naiyir” Mamaqānī was born at Tabrīz in 1248/1832–3 and died there in 1312/1894–5 (see Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 389, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 836).

Risālah i ʿamalīyah i Ḥujjat al-Islām i Mamaqānī (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-ʿAzīz al-Mannān), on ṭahārat and ṣalāt with a muqaddamah on the uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid and other matters: Majlis ii 841 (122 foll. N. d.).

§ 475. Nawwāb⁵ Subḥān ʿAlī K̲h̲ān [Lak’hnawī⁶] is the author of eight works mentioned by Iʿjāz Ḥusain, who says that he died after 1260/1844 and before 1270/1853–4, but he seems not to be the subject of a biography in the Nujūm al-samāʾ or the Aḥsan al-wadīʿah.

(1)

Laṭāfat al-maqāl (beg. Ifādāt i fāḍil i niḥrīr), a rejoinder to the reply of M. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn K̲h̲ān (for whom see pl. iv no. 468 supra) to an istiftāʾ sent to him by Subḥān ʿAlī K̲h̲ān asking whether Sunnite arguments would not logically imply the superiority of the descendants of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar to those of Fāṭimah: i.ḥ. 2701.

Rejoinder: Īḍāḥ i Laṭāfat al-maqāl (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. al-ʿilm), by M. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn [K̲h̲ān] Dihlawī (pl. ii no. 824, etc): Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2065 (ah 1240/1824–5 or 1241/1825–6, corrected by author).

(2)

¶ Majmūʿah i rasāʾil i Subḥān ʿAlī K̲h̲ān, composed in 1252/1836–7. Edition: place? date? (Āṣafīyah iii p. 550 no. 1067).

(3)

Uṣūl i dīn dar kalām, anti-Sunnite polemic (possibly identical with al-Wajīzah fī ’l-uṣūl, i.ḥ. 3378). Edition: India 1279/1862–3 (272 pp. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 3, Mus̲h̲ār i 114).

§ 476. S. M. Ṣādiq.

Taʾyīd al-Muslimīn fī bayān nubuwwat K̲h̲ātam al-Mursalīn. Edition: 1259/1843 (Āṣaf. iii p. 544, ii p. 1334).

§ 477. Muftī S. Muḥammad-Qulī K̲h̲ān b. M. Husain b. Ḥāmid Ḥusain Mūsawī Nīs̲h̲āpūrī Kintūrī, one of the Nīs̲h̲āpūrī Saiyids of Kintoor claiming descent from S. S̲h̲araf al-Dīn, who is said to have left K̲h̲urāsān at the time of Hūlāgū’s invasion and to have settled at Kintoor, a village near Bārā Bankī in Oudh (cf. pl. i no. 1329 (6), 3rd footnote), was born at Kintoor on 5 D̲h̲ū ’l-Qaʿdah 1188/7 Jan. 1775. He became a pupil of S. Dildār ʿAlī (for whom see pl. iv no. 451 supra) and excelled especially in Kalām. For a time he was Muftī at Meerut. Towards the end of his life he returned to Lucknow and he died there on 9 Muḥarram 1260/30 Jan. 1844. His second son was S. Iʿjāz Ḥusain Kintūrī, author of the Arabic works Kas̲h̲f al-ḥujub wa-’l-astār ʿan asmāʾ al-kutub wa-’l-asfār and S̲h̲ud̲h̲ūr al-ʿiqyān fī tarājim al-aʿyān (see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 855).

[Nujūm al-samāʾ pp. 419 ult.–24, Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i pp. 106–7, Raiḥānat al-adab iv p. 55.]

(1)

Futūḥāt i Ḥaidarīyah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. ʿaẓẓama ujūranā bi-bukāʾinā), described by i.ḥ. as a reply, in a muqaddamah (on the abominations of Ṣūfism) and three fuṣūl, to certain sections of ʿAbd al-Ḥaiy’s work,⁷ which criticized the preeminence accorded by the S̲h̲īʿah to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and their practice of lamenting the death of his son Husain: i.h. 2194. Edition: [India] Maẓhar al-Ḥaqq Pr. 1265/1849* (278 pp.).

(2)

Risālah i taqīyah. Edition: place? date? (see Āṣafīyah ii p. 1342 no. 627, where place and date are not mentioned).

(3)

Taqlīb al-makāyid (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. qāla rag̲h̲m^an li-l-ẓālimīn), a refutation of the second bāb of the Tuḥfah i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah: i.ḥ. 682. Edition: Calcutta 1262/1846 (see Āṣafīyah ii p. 1336 no. 734).

(4)

Tas̲h̲yīd al-maṭāʿin wa-kas̲h̲f al-ḍag̲h̲āʾin. See pl. iv no. 454 (5)(g) supra.

(5)

¶ Taṭhīr al-muʾminīn ʿan najāsat al-mus̲h̲rikīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-mutaqaddis ʿan adnās al-imkān), on the najāsat of polytheists and the masʾalat al-julūd: i.ḥ. 594. Edition: 1261/1845 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1336 no. 960, where the place of publication is not mentioned).

§ 478. ʿAlī Akbar “Bismil”, entitled (mulaqqab bi-) Nawwāb, b. ʿAlī S̲h̲īrāzī, a mudarris at S̲h̲īrāz, was born in 1187/1773–4 and died in 1263/1847 (see Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq iii p. 156, pl. i no. 257, Add. ad loc., no. 1196, M. ʿAlī Mudarris Tabrīzī Raiḥānāt al-adab i p. 166).

Nūr al-hidāyah fī it̲h̲bāt al-risālah (beg. Tuḥfah i ḥamd), composed in answer to the objections of a Christian priest before 1237/1821–2 (the date of the Tad̲h̲kirah i dil-gus̲h̲ā, in which this work is mentioned) and divided into a muqaddamah and a maqālah, the latter comprising a muqaddamah, three maṭlabs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Browne Pers. Cat. 329 (lacks Maṭlab 3 and K̲h̲ātimah. 66 foll.).

English translation of an extract: An extract from the book of Aga Acber on the miracles of Mohammed (in Controversial tracts on Christianity and Mohammedanism, by the late Rev. Henry Martyn … Cambridge 1824°, pp. 40–71).

§ 479. S. Jaʿfar “Kas̲h̲fī” b. Abī Isḥāq Mūsawī Dārābī Burūjirdī died in 1267/1851 (see pl. iv no. 156 supra).

Ijābat al-muḍṭarrīn (fī uṣūl al-dīn wa-baʿḍ furūʿihi wa-’l-ak̲h̲lāq al-karīmah), composed for M. Taqī Mīrzā b. Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 120 no. 580 (where the language is not specified), [India] 1306/1888–9 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 5).

§ 480. M. ʿAlī b. M. Ḥusain b. M. Saʿīd K̲h̲alk̲h̲ālī.

ʿUyūn al-asrār al-maktūmah, on waḥy, ilhām, kas̲h̲f, nubuwwat and wilāyat, completed in 1262/1846 at the request of Mīrzā M. ʿAlī K̲h̲ān, ḥākim of Lāhijān, and divided into nine faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 210 no. 902 (18 foll. ah 1263/1847).

§ 481. M. Ḥasan b. M. Ḥusain Dāmag̲h̲ānī.

Miṣbāḥ al-ẓulam (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲. al-insān a. b. bar pīs̲h̲gāh i ḥuḍūr), on the S̲h̲īʿite uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid, in a muqaddamah, five bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah, completed in 1263/1847: Bombay Univ. p. 271 (ah 1263/1847, autograph).

¶ § 482. Niẓām al-ʿUlamāʾ Maḥmūd b. M. Tabrīzī, one of Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh’s teachers, died on 17 Muḥarram 1272/29 Sept. 1855 (Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 381, where the date of his death is given as circ. 1270; Mas̲h̲had v p. 285).

S̲h̲ihāb al-t̲h̲āqib fī radd al-Nawāṣib, completed in 1268/1852: Tabrīz date? (Mas̲h̲had v p. 285).

§ 483. M. Saʿīd Aslamī died in 1272/1855–6 (see pl. i no. 44).

Taʿlīqāt al-razīnah fī s̲h̲arḥ al-Safīnah: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1336 no. 278.

§ 484. Saiyid al-ʿUlamāʾ S. Husain b. Dildār ʿAlī Naṣīrābādī died in, or about, 1273/1856–7 (see pl. iv no. 158 supra).

(1)

Ḥadīqah i sulṭānīyah, on al-ʿaqāʾid al-īmānīyah according to Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i p. 57¹⁴, where it is stated that four mujalladāt (on tauḥīd, ʿadl, nubuwwah, and imāmah) appeared: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338 no. 58.

Editions: Lucknow 1265/1849 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338 nos. 59, 428); 1304/1886–7 (Maqṣad i, bāb 4, on the Imāmah. Followed by a biography of the author. Cf. D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 155 no. 754).

(2)

Ṭard al-muʿānidīn [fī masʾalat al-laʿn ʿalā ’l-munāfiqīn wa-aṣḥāb al-kabāʾir, according to Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i p. 58³]: [Lucknow] 1265/1849° (56 pp.).

§ 485. S. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Mahdawī died circ. 1275/1858–9.

It̲h̲bāt i mad̲h̲hab i Saiyid Muḥammad i Jaunpūrī,⁸ see pl. i no. 1411 2nd footnote.

§ 486. S. ʿIzzat ʿAlī b. S. Pīr ʿAlī Rasūlpūrī.

Rauḍat al-aʾimmah, on the lives of the Twelve Imāms: Lucknow 1271/1854–5 (144 pp. See Āʾīn i Akbarī, tr. Blochmann, introd. p. iii).

§ 487. M. Riḍā Iṣfahānī fl. 1267/1851.

Tuḥfat al-Riḍā, a S̲h̲īʿite controversial work: Ellis Coll. M 278 (possibly autograph).

§ 488. M. Faḍl i Ḥaqq b. Faḍl i Imām⁹ K̲h̲airābādī ʿUmarī Ḥanafī Māturīdī C̲h̲is̲h̲tī, best known as the author of al-Hadīyat al-Saʿīdīyah, an Arabic text ¶ book of physics, was born in 1212/1797–8 and died at Rangoon on 12 Ṣafar 1278/19 August 1861, having been transported for his share in the Mutiny of 1857.

[Risālah i G̲h̲adrīyah, a short Arabic autobiography (cf. Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 855¹), Ḥadāʾiq al-Ḥanafīyah p. 480, Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 164, Beale Oriental biographical dictionary p. 133; Brockelmann Sptbd. ii pp. 854, 622²⁶, Tarājim al-fuḍalāʾ pp. 35–5.]

Imtināʿ al-naẓīr, on the spiritual uniqueness of Muḥammad in opposition to the view of Ḥaidar ʿAlī Rāmpūrī (for whom see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 55): Jaunpūr 1908¹⁰ (Jādū Pr. 336 pp. with notes by S. Sulaimān As̲h̲raf).

§ 489. Turāb ʿAlī b. S̲h̲ajāʿat ʿAlī Lak’hnawī died in 1281/1864 (see pl. iv no. 165 supra).

Sabīl al-najāḥ ilā taḥṣīl al-falāḥ: place? 1258/1842 (see ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks p. 38 no. 31).

§ 490. M. Salāmat Allāh “Kas̲h̲fī” b. Barakat Allāh Ṣiddīqī Badāyūnī Kānpūrī, a raʾīs of Badāyūn, the builder of a mosque at Cawnpore, and a pupil of ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Dihlawī, upon whose Sirr al- s̲h̲ahādatain he wrote a Persian commentary (see pl. i no. 299), died at Cawnpore on 3 Rajab 1281/2 December 1864. He was the author of a Persian dīwān (Cawnpore 1278/1861°) and of several religious, Ṣūfī and other works in Persian and Urdu.

[Raḥmān ʿAlī pp. 77–80; Niẓāmī Badāyūnī Qāmūs al-mashāhīr (in Urdu) ii p. 153.]

Ishbāʿ al-kalām fī it̲h̲bāt al-maulid wa-’l-qiyām. Edition: 1279/1862–3 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 544).

§ 491. Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ S. Muḥammad b. Dildār ʿAlī the eldest son of S. Dildār ʿAlī (for whom see pl. iv no. 451 supra), was born in 1199/1784, became Qāḍī (Qāḍī ’l-quḍāt?) under Amjad ʿAlī S̲h̲āh and Wājid ʿAlī S̲h̲āh and died on 12 Rabīʿ al-Awwal 1284/14 Jully 1867.

[Iʿjāz Ḥusain Kintūrī Kas̲h̲f al-ḥujub, editor’s preface, p. 4, n. 2; Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i pp. 52–6; Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 852; Raiḥānat al-adab ii p. 216.]

(1)

Bāriqah i Ḍaig̲h̲amīyah: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 9 ult. [For a reply to this work see pl. iv no. 137 supra. v.s.]

(2)

Barq i Khāṭīf, [three works collected and arranged by ʿAlī Aḥsan “S̲h̲aidā” in 1255/1839: (i) Tuḥfat al-aḥbāb by ʿAlī Aḥsan, (ii) a work refuting it by ¶ M.B. Dildār ʿAlī, (iii) a reply by Salāmat Allāh, the teacher of ʿAlī Aḥsan, to M. b. Dildār ʿAlī’s refutation: Bānkīpūr spt. ii 2066. vs.]

Edition: [Lucknow?] (Sulṭān al-maṭābiʿ. Date? See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. Ptd. Bks. P. 38 no. 17 [where the author is given simply as S. Muḥammad. vs.].

(3)

al-Bawāriq al-mūbiqah. See pl. iv no. 454(5)(e) supra.

(4)

al-Ḍarbat al-Ḥaidarīyah. See pl. iv no. 137 supra).

(5)

Istiftā: no copies recorded? For a reply, Jawāb i Istiftā, see Bānkīpūr xiv 1343.

(6)

Ṭaʿn al-rimāḥ (beg., according to i.ḥ. 2102, al-Ḥ.l. ’l. khaṣṣa auliyāʾahu bi-manāqib), described by i.ḥ as “fi mabḥat̲h̲ ṭaʿn al-fdk [read Fadak] wa-’l-qirṭās” with observations on the blunders of the author of the Tuḥfah [i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah. See pl. iv no. 454(5) supra] on these two points and a k̲h̲ātimah showing that on Sunnite principles it cannot be established that al-Ḥusain was martyred [but only that he was killed]: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1070 (beg., without preface, Maqṣad i awwal dar bayān i ʿumdah i maṭāʿin i awwal i k̲h̲ulafā-yi jaur kih ʿibārat az g̲h̲aṣb i Fadak.. ah 1238/1823).

Edition place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 630).

(7)

T̲h̲amarat al-fuʾād, an Arabic work on theology written for the author’s son, M. Bāqir (b. 1234/1818–19: see Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i p. 55¹): not mentioned by i.ḥ. or in the Aḥsan al-wadīʿah and not yet described in any published catalogue.

Persian translation: Tarjmah i T̲h̲amarat al-fuʾād (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. k̲h̲.al-ins wa-l-jānn … a.b. bar ḍamāʾir i ṭālibān i darajāt i ʿāliyah mak̲h̲fī na-mānad kih c̲h̲ūn maʿrifat i uṣūl i dīn), prepared by G̲h̲ulām-Imām b. Ḥusain ʿAlī in the lifetime of the author: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1051 (incomplete, the first four of the several (c̲h̲and) maqṣads. Mid-19th cent.).

(8)

T̲h̲amarat al-k̲h̲ilāfah (beg. al-Ḥ.l. ’l. waffaqanā li-’ttibāʿ), anti-Sunnite polemic in reply to the Jawāb i Istiftā (cf. no.(5) supra): i.ḥ.731, D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 14, Bānkīpūr xiv 1344 (179 foll. ah 1263/1847), Peshawar 793A.

§ 492. Abū ’l-Qāsim “Rāz” b. ʿAbd al-Nabī¹¹ Ḥusainī S̲h̲arīfī¹² D̲h̲ahabī S̲h̲irāzī, known as Mīrzā Bābā, a brother of Faḍl Allāh “K̲h̲āwarī” (cf. pl. i no. 429, Add. ad loc.), died on 1286/1869–70. For works of his on ḥadīt̲h̲ see pl. iv nos. 276(7)(e), (f), 278(1), 324 supra.

[Autobiography in Qawāʾim al-anwār wa-s̲h̲arāʾiṭ al-ṭarīqah, his last work, composed in 1282 and published at Tabrīz in 1310/1892–3, Riyāḍ al-ʿārifīn p. 449, Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq iii p. 211.]

(1)

¶ Āyāt al-wilāyah. See pl. i Add. ad no. 49 (4) [4a].

(2)

Barāhīn al-imāmah: Maʿārif ii 211(337 foll.).

(3)

Risālah i Nūr ʿalā nūr, answers to seven questions on Ṣūfī matters from his son Jalāl al-Dīn and to seven theological and other questions from Mīrzā ʿAbd al-Karīm: Shīrāz 1322/1904 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 316).

§ 493. S. [M.] Hādī b. [M] Mahdī b. Dildār ʿAlī Naṣīrābādī has already been mentioned in this survey (pl. iv no. 167 supra). A work of his, Risālah fī dafʿ shubahāt al-Naṣārā (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. al-s̲h̲ams ḍiyā^an), apparently in Arabic (since it is not described as being in Persian), is mentioned by i.ḥ.(p. 262), who says that it was written in reply to a Christian clergyman named Macnaghten.

Kas̲h̲f al-astār ʿan wujūh al-asrār, dar radd i Naṣārā, composed circ. 1258/1842: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 252.

Edition or editions: Lucknow (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 nos. 60 & 747, iii p. 548).

§ 494. Ḥajī M. Karīm Khān Kirmānī died in 1288/1871 (see pl. iv no. 172 supra).

(1)

Īqād̲h̲ [sic] al-g̲h̲āfil, an attack on Bābism: Bombay [1896⁰*] (24 pp. Cf. D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 504?).

(2)

Irs̲h̲ād al-ʿawāmm (fī ’l-ʿaqāʾid according to D̲h̲arī ʿah i p. 515) completed in 1267/1851: Leningrad Univ. no. 1115 (Jild iv ah 1267/1851. Romaskewicz p. 3). Editions: Bombay 1268/1851–2 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 276), Tabrīz 1271/1854–5 (ibid.), place? 1285/1868–9 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 544).

Rejoinder (in Arabic): Zīnat al-ʿibād, completed in 1346/1927 by S. Mahdī Qazwīnī:¹³ Najaf 1346/1927–8 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 317).

(3)

Nuṣrat al-dīn, a reply, completed on 12 S̲h̲awwāl 1266/21 august 1850, to a Christian attack on Islām: Bombay 1285/1868‡ (260 pp. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 359).

(4)

Risālah dar radd i Bāb, composed by order of Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh and completed in 1283/1867: [Tabrīz?] date? (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 313).

(5)

Risālah dar radd i pādrī i Naṣrānī. Edition: 1309/1891–2 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 546).

(6)

Risālah i mubārakah i Rukn i Rābiʿ (cf. no(7) below). Edition: 1313/1895–6 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 654).

(7)

Risālah i Rukn i Rābīʿ, (cf. no.(6) above on the Shaik̲h̲ī doctrine of the Rukn i Rābīʿ, completed in 1282/1866 in answer to a question addressed to the author’s son, M. Raḥīm K̲h̲ān, by M. K̲h̲ān Sipahsālār: Bombay 1313/1895–6 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 313).

(8)

¶ Sī faṣl, answers to thirty theological questions from Mīrzā M. Bāqir Iṣfahāni, completed in 1269/1852. Edition: Bombay 1313/1895–6 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 548, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 275 (Ajwibat al-masāʾil), Mus̲h̲ār 1994), Kirmān 1368/1948–9 (128 pp. Mus̲h̲ār ibid.).

(9)

Sulṭānyāh, dar it̲h̲bāt i nubuwwat u imāmat u wilāyat, composed in 1274/1857–8 (cf. Browne, A year amongst the Persians p. 556): Bombay 1277/1860–1 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. Bks., no. 31), Tabrīz 1278/1861–2 (ibid., no. 32).

§ 495. Aḥmad b. M. al-Munajjim al-S̲h̲īrāzī.

(Risālah i ṭaiy al-arḍ) (beg. Subḥāna ’l. asrā bi-ʿabdihi a. b. pas mī-gūyad aqall al-k̲h̲alāʾiq), on the miraculous powers of the Prophet and the Imāms and the reasons for their ability to perform such acts as the Prophet’s night journey and to be in two places simultaneously, a subject previously written on by Hājī M. Karīm K̲h̲ān (cf. pl. iv nos. 172, 494 supra): Bodleian iii 2789 (12 foll. ah 1280/1864, autograph).

§ 496. M. Faḍl i Rasūl b. ʿAbd al-Majīd Badāyūnī, scholar, Ṣūfī and enemy of Wahhābism, was born in 1213/1798 and died at Badāyūn on 3 Jumādā ii 1289/8 August 1872 (see pl. iv no. 174 supra).

al-Bawāriq al-Muḥammadīyah li-rajm al-s̲h̲ayāṭīn al-Najdīyah: Delhi 1265/1849* (227 pp.), place? 1301/1883–4 (with the same author’s Iḥqāq al-ḥaqq wa-ibṭāl al-bāṭil on the margin. See Āṣafīyah iii p. 544).

§ 497. ʿAlī Qazwīnī Zanjānī died on 8 Muḥarram 1290/8 March 1873 (cf. pl iv no. 175 supra).

Maʿdin al-asrār, on maʿārif, tauḥīd, mawāʿiẓ and marāt̲h̲ī, in majālis, the fourth volume completed at Zanjān in 1265/1849: Tihrān 1333/1915 (vols iv–v (only?), the former beginning with a biography of the author by his son S̲h̲. M. Ṣādiq. Mas̲h̲had v p. 327).

§ 498. Ḥājī Mullā Hādī “Asrār” b. Mahdī Sabzawārī, the well-known philosopher, was born in 1212/1797–8 and died in 1290/1873 (so Mas̲h̲had cat.) or 1295/1878 (so Browne) or on 8 Jumādā ii 1289/13 Aug. 1872 (so D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 44).

[Autobiography (see Yādgār 1/3 pp. 43–8, Oriens i/1 (1948) p. 139), Biography by his pupil Asad Allāh Sabzawārī (Browne Coll. Y. 1(8), (10), Browne A year amongst the Persians pp. 131–5, Lit. Hist iv pp. 436–7, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii pp. 832–3, etc.]

(1)

Asrār al-hikam, composed at the request of Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh on his visit to K̲h̲urāsān in 1283/1866–7 (cf. pl. i no. 439 2nd par.) and divided ¶ into two volumes ((1) on mabdaʾ and maʿād and, briefly, on nubuwwat and imāmat, (2) on ḥikmat i ʿamalīyah and the gnostic mysteries (asrār i ʿirfānī) of certain religious duties (ʿibādāt): D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 44, Tihrān 1286/1869–70 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 279), 1303/1885–6 (D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 44, where the place of publication, doubtless Tihrān, is not mentioned), 1323/1905 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 279).

(2)

Hādī ’l-muḍillīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. lam yattak̲h̲id̲h̲), on the uṣūl i dīn, the amr i wilāyat and the mabḥath i imāmat: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. l, mss., no. 290(195 foll ah 1289/1872).

(3)

Hidāyat al-ṭālibīn (beg. Sp. Īzadī rā kih ān-jā kih Ū maujūd ast), on prophetship and Imāmate, composed in 1274/1857–8 and divided into two bābs: Majlis i 788 (42 foll.).

§ 499. M. Saʿīd b. Ṣibg̲h̲at Allāh S̲h̲āfiʿī Madrāsī.

Rasāʾil i s̲h̲aqq al-qamar, composed in 1279/1862–3: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1344 no. 191.

§ 500. ʿAbd al-Muḥammad b. Badr al-Dīn Kirmāns̲h̲āhī.

Uṣūl i dīn: Tihrān 1284/1867–8 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 281).

§ 501. Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn S̲h̲. M. Jaʿfar b. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn M. Ismāʿīl Nūrī Kujūrī, a well known preacher died in Tihrān in 1295/1878.

ʿArjat al-Aḥmadīyah lā ḥaḍrat al-Aḥadīyah, on the Miʿrāj, completed in 1289/1873: Tihrān 1325/1907 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 329; Mus̲h̲ār i 1108).

§ 502. Shēr ʿAlī K̲h̲ān b. Dōst-Muḥammad K̲h̲ān Bārakzaʾī succeeded his father as Amīr of Afghānistān on 1 Muḥarram 1280/18 June 1863¹⁴ and died on 28 Ṣafar 1296/21 Feb. 1879.

[Ency. Isl. Under S̲h̲īr ʿAlī (T.W. Haig), Ency. Brit.; Buckland Dictionary of Indian biography p. 6; etc.]

S̲h̲ihāb i t̲h̲āqib, anti-Wahhābi polemic: Kābul 1288/1871* (29 pp.).

§ 503. K̲h̲ān Mullā K̲h̲ān.

al-Ḥujjat al-qawīyah fī ibṭāl al-Wahhābīyah, composed at the suggestion of Amīr S̲h̲ēr ʿAlī K̲h̲ān [of Afg̲h̲ānistān, see no. 502 supra]. Edition: place? date? (Peshawar 742).

¶ § 504. M. Qāsim b. Asad ʿAlī Nānautawī died on 4 Jumādā i 1287/14 April 1880 (see pl. iv no. 187 supra).

(1)

Asrār i Qurʾānī. Edition: 1304/1886–7 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330, under Kalām).

(2)

Fuyūḍ i Qāsimīyah. Edition: 1304/1886–7 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352).

(3)

Qāsim al-ʿulūm. Edition: 1292/1875 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352).

§ 505. S. Ḥāmid Ḥusain b. Muḥammad-Qulī Nīs̲h̲āpūrī Kintūrī, the third son of the author of the Tashyīd al-maṭāʿin and other works (see pl. iv no. 477 supra), died on 18 Ṣafar 1306/24 Oct. 1888 and was buried at Lucknow. His library, reputed to include a fine collection of mss. (see jasr., n.s., xiii/2 (1917) p. lxxx), was maintained by his son, S. Nāṣir Husain, Mujtahid at Lucknow, who was born on 19 Jumādā ii 1284/18 Oct. 1837 (see Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i p. 108¹⁴).

[al-Maʾāt̲h̲ir wa-’l-āt̲h̲ār p. 168, Nujūm al-samāʾ p. 422⁹, Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i pp. 104–6, Hadīyat al-aḥbāb p. 197 (Ṣāḥib ʿAbaqāt al-anwār).]

(1)

ʿAbaqāt al-anwār fī imāmat al-aʾimmat al-aṭhār, an extensive work, possibly in reply to a chapter of the Tuḥfah i Ithnā-as̲h̲arīyah (pl. iv no. 454(5) supra) (see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 328), continued after the author’s death (according to Aḥsan al-wadīʿah i p. 109¹) by his aforementioned son, S. Nāṣir Ḥusain. Editions: Vol. i (Ḥadīt̲h̲ i G̲h̲adīr¹⁵) Lūd’hiyānah (pt.1) and Lucknow (pt. 2) 1293–4/1876–7°* (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350, where this volume is described as az mujalladāt i manhaj i thānī); Lucknow 1887† (described as Vol. i. pt 1, 786 pp. Mas̲h̲riq al-anwār Pr.); Vol. ii (Ḥadīt̲h̲ i Madīnat al-ʿilm¹⁶) Lucknow 1295/1878° (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 845) and 1327/1909*;¹⁷ Vol. iii (Ḥadīt̲h̲ i wilāyat) Lucknow 1303/1885–6° (Mas̲h̲riq al-anwār Pr., cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 847 and ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 21), Vol iv (Ḥadīth i ṭair) Lucknow 1306/1888–9° (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350); Vol. vi (Ḥadīt̲h̲ i tas̲h̲bīh) 1301/1883–4 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350, where the place of publication, doubtless Lucknow, is not mentioned); Vol. viii (Ḥadīth i Nūr) Lucknow 1303/1885–6° (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 850); Vol. xii pt. 1 (Ḥadīt̲h̲ al-t̲h̲aqalain?) Lucknow 1314/1896–7° (cf. Āṣafīyah iii p. 548 no. 1107, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 328 no. 411); Vol. xii pt. 2 (Ḥadīt̲h̲ al-t̲h̲aqalain) Lucknow 1344/1925–6 (see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 328 no. 412); 1351/1933* (891 pp.).

(2)

¶ Istiqṣāʾ al-ifḥām wa-’stīfāʾ al-intiqām fī naqḍ Muntahā ’l-kalām. See pl. iv no. 521(3) infra.

(3)

Risālah i It̲h̲bāt i taqīyah. Edition (in Majmūʿah i Risālah i taqīyah, containing also two Urdu works. Peshawar 791(2)).

§ 506. M. b. Sulaiman Tunakābunī died in 1308/1890–1 (pl. i no. 1579) or in 1302/1885 (pl. i Add. ad no. 1579).

(1)

Mawāʿiẓ al-muttaqīn, on theology: [Ṭihrān] 1297/1880° (146 foll.).

(2)

Sabīl al-najāt, account of a discussion at Tunakābun in 1296/1879 with a Christian on the subject of Prophetship. Editions (all appended to the same author’s Qiṣaṣ al-ʿulamāʾ. See pl. i no. 1579): Tihrān 1296/1879° (Mas̲h̲had iii fṣl. 14, ptd. bks., no. 160, iv p. 318); 1304/1886°, 1309/1891‡.

§ 507. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn S̲h̲āh, son of the 47th Imām of the Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, S̲h̲āh-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh, died at the end of Rajab 1302/beginning of May 1885, while still under forty years of age.

Risālah dar ḥaqīqat i dīn (beg. C̲h̲unīn gūyad g̲h̲ulām i āstān), intended to be in two parts, but perhaps never finished: Bombay(?) (Ḥājī Mūsā K̲h̲ān’s library. Pt. i only. 75 pp. Autograph).

Editions: (1) True meaning of religion (Risalah dar Haqiqati Din), by Shihabu’d-Din Shah al-Husaini, Persian text and an English translation by W. Ivanow. Bombay 1352/1933(37; 27 pp. Islamic Research Association, no. 3).

(2) True meaning of religion … Facsimile edition of the autograph copy. Bombay 1947(75 pp. The Ismaili Society’s Series. Series B.1)

English translation by W. Ivanow: Bombay 1933 (see Editions (1) above); Bombay 1947 (51 pp. The Ismaili Society’s Series. Series B.2).

§ 508. S̲h̲. Jaʿfar b. Ḥusain S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī died in Ṣafar 1303/Nov.-Dec. 1885 (see pl. i no. 311 (25), Add. ad loc. and pl. iv no. 189 supra). According to the Aḥsan al-wadīʿah, his sermons were collected by one of his pupils in a number of volumes, one of which, Fawāʾid al-mas̲h̲āhid, has been published several times in Persia.

(1)

Fawāʾid al-mas̲h̲āhid wa-natāʾij al-maqāṣid, sermons in sixty-two majālis, edited with a preface by S̲h̲ M. b. ʿAlī As̲h̲raf Tālaqānī. Edition: place? date? (Mas̲h̲had v p. 299)

(2)

Majālis al-mawāʿiẓ wa-ʼl-bukāʾ, sermons for the days of ʿĀs̲h̲ūrāʾ in fourteen majālis: Tihrān 1310/1892–3 (2nd ed. Mas̲h̲had v p. 315), Najaf 1352/1933–4 (Mas̲h̲had ibid.).

¶ § 509. Fatḥ Allāh “Wafāʾī” b. Ḥasan b. Raḥīm S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī died in 1304/1886–7 at Najaf.

Risālah dar jabr u ik̲h̲tiyār (beg. al-Salāmu ʿalaika aiyuhā ʾl-Saiyid al-ṣāliḥ): D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 81 no. 318, Mashhad iv p. 120 no. 625.

§ 510. S. ʿAmmār ʿAlī [b. Niẓām-ʿAlī Sōnīpatī¹⁸] died in 1304/1886–7 according to D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 231 no. 965. He was a pupil of S.M. Taqī b. Ḥusain b. Dildār ʿAlī (for whom see pl. iv no. 177 supra) and composed an Urdu tafsīr entitled ʿUmdat al-bayān (Delhi 1306/1889°).

Dafʿ al-mug̲h̲ālaṭah, a reply to Mīr Najaf ʿAlī Farīdābādī’s risālah on the Caliphate: D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 231 no. 965, [Delhi] 1279–80/1863° (444 pp.); Delhi 1307/1890° (200 pp.).

§ 511. S. Amīr Aḥmad b. Amīr Ḥasan Sahsawānī,¹⁹ a Maudūdī Saiyid and in his time a well-known controversialist, was the first person upon whom the title of Shams al-ʿulamāʾ was conferred by the Government of India. He died at Badāyūn in 1305/1887–8 at the age of forty-five.

[Niẓāmī Badāyūnī Qāmūs al-mas̲h̲āhīr (in Urdu) i p. 105.]

Tilka ʿasharat^un kāmilah,²⁰ ten objections to irreligious tendencies in Faḍl i Ḥaqq K̲h̲airābādī’s Hadīyah i Saʿīdyah [Brockelmann Sptbd.ii p. 855]: Āgrah 1877* (Agra Press. 8 pp. Published by the authorʿs pupil S.M. Naẓīr).

§ 512. Naẓar ʿAlī b. Sulṭān-Muḥammad Ṭālaqānī died at Mas̲h̲had in 1306/1888–9. For his Manāṭ al-aḥkām see pl. iv no. 195 supra.

Kās̲h̲if al-asrār, composed in 1281/1864–5. Edition: 1286/1869–70 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 548, Mus̲h̲ār i 1241).

§ 513. Muftī S. M. ʿAbbās b. ʿAlī Akbar Mūsawī Jazāʾirī S̲h̲ūshtarī died in 1306/1889 (see pl. i no. 1580 1st footnote and pl. iv no, 196 supra).

(1)

Jawāhir i ʿabqarīyah 1271/1854–5 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338).

(2)

K̲h̲iṭāb i fāsil, a mat̲h̲nawī in support of S̲h̲īʿism completed in 1276/1859–60 as a reply to the Dafʿ al-bāṭil composed in 1271/1854–5 by “Sahbāʾī”: Lū’d’hiyānah 1286/1869* (Majmaʿ al-baḥrain Pr. 194 pp. See D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 182, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354).

(3)

¶ Naṣr al-muʾminīn. See Risālah i Muḥammadīyah.

(4)

Risālah i Muḥammadīyah dar radd i maqālah i Yahūdīyah mulaqqab bah Naṣr al-muʾminīn fī tafḍīl al-Rasūl al-amīn: Lucknow[1918*](Nūr al-maṭābiʿ. 232 pp).

§ 514. Nawwāb S. M. Ṣiddīq Ḥasan K̲h̲ān died in 1307/1890 (see pl. i nos. 48, 1226, 1587, etc.).

(1)

Bug̲h̲yat al-rāʾid fī sharḥ al-ʿAqāʾid, presumably a commentary on an Arabic work [al-Nasafī’s?], composed in 1288/1871: Bhōpāl 1301/1883–4 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334, iii p. 544, Maʾāt̲h̲ir i Siddīqī iv, fihrist, p. 3).

(2)

Ḥujaj al-karāmah fī āthār al-qiyāmah, “an account of the early heresies and political divisions of Islām, followed by details of the events which will precede the general resurrection”(Arberry): Bhōpāl 1291/1874 (S̲h̲āh-Jahānī Pr. 508 pp. Karatay p. 131); [1875*](same pr. 508 pp.); Lucknow date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338 No. 915; Maʾāt̲h̲ir i ṣiddīqī iv, fihrist, p. 7).

(3)

Kas̲h̲f al-kurbah [ʿan ahl al-g̲h̲urbah]: Āgrah 1302/1884–5 (Mufīd i ʿāmm Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 39, under Mad̲h̲hab i Islām. In the list of works appended to the Maʾāt̲h̲ir i Ṣiddīqī, however, this is described as an Urdu work and the subject is given as “Ḥadīt̲h̲”).

§ 515. S. ʿAbd al-Fattaḥ Guls̲h̲anābādī was apparently still alive in 1897 (see pl. iii no. 792).

Kilīd i dānis̲h̲, a catechism on religious questions: Cawnpore 1266/1850° (46 pp.); Lahore 1275/1858–9* (Qādirī Pr. 36 pp.).

§ 516. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar “Naiyir” b. ʿAlī Akbar Burūjirdī, is described in al-Maʾāthir wa-’l-āthār (p. 217) as a devout scholar (ʿālimī mutaʿabbid), who wrote in Persian the Nūr al-anwār and other works.

[Raiḥānat al-adab i p. 156.]

(1)

ʿAqāʾid al-Shīʿah, a summary of S̲h̲īʿite doctrine composed during the reign of Muḥammad S̲h̲āh Qājār (ah 1250–64/1834–48 and consisting of a muqaddimah, five mishkāts and a k̲h̲ātimah: [Persia] 1285/1868° (48 foll.), [Persia] n. d. (438 unnumbered pages. See Browne Lit. Hist. iv p. 381); [India] 1322/1904* ([137] pp.).

Summary. Browne Lit. Hist. iv pp. 381–402.

It seems probable that this work is identical with:

(i) the ʿAqāʾid al-S̲h̲īʿah, of which an edition (Ṭihrān 1297) is described in the Mas̲h̲had catalogue, fṣl.1, ptd. bks., no. 50, where the author is stated to be Mullā ʿAlī Akbar b. Mullā ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar Burujirdī, a scholar of the reign ¶ of Muhammad S̲h̲āh [Qājār, ah 1250–64/1834–48] and the vizierate of Ḥājjī Mīrzā Āqāsī Irawānī, and

(ii) the ʿAqāʾid al-S̲h̲īʿah fī fawāʾid al-s̲h̲arīʿah, of which an edition (Persia 1302/1884–5) is recorded in the Āṣafīyah catalogue, iii p. 548, where the author’s name is given as S̲h̲aikh ʿAlī Akbar b. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar Burūjirdī and the date of composition as 1299.

(2)

Nūr al-anwār, a detailed work on the K̲h̲ātam al-Auṣiyāʾ (the Twelfth Imām), his rajʿat and the signs of his coming: Tihrān 1275/1858 (Allāh-Qulī Qājār’s Pr. Accompanied, on the margin, by the author’s mat̲h̲nawī, Ḍiyāʾ al-nūr,²¹ and followed by a biograpghy and a list of his works. Mas̲h̲had v p. 342), [Tihrān]1301/1884° (with the Ḍiyāʾ al-nūr on the margin 179 foll.); Tihrān 1328/1910 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 342)

§ 517. S. Ṣibg̲h̲at Allāh b. Jaʿfar Mūsawī.

Mis̲h̲kāt al-ʿibād fī safīnat al-najāt yaum al-maʿād, a short work on the usūl i ʿaqāʾid. Edition: place?²² [1267/1851?](Mas̲h̲had iv p. 351 Mus̲h̲ār i 1443).

§ 518. Ḥājī Mīrzā Najaf-ʿAlī K̲h̲ān “Dānis̲h̲” b. Ḥasan-ʿAlī Tabrīzī went in 1273/1856–7 from Ād̲h̲arbāyjān to Istanbul, associated there with Sanglāk̲h̲ (cf. pl. i no. 1438) and published under the title Majmaʿ al-auṣāf a collection of poems by various authors in his praise. For many years until 1303/1885–6 he was Persian Consul at Istanbul. The newspaper Ak̲h̲tar (1292–1313/ 1875–1895–6) was founded at his instigation.

[Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ādharbāyjān p. 143]

Mīzān al-mawāzīn fī amr al-dīn, a reply to Pfander’s Mīzān al ḥaqq 1287/1871 at Istanbul: Istanbul 1288/1871–2 (495 pp. Karatay p. 41, Cairo p. 411, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 359).

§ 519. S. Ḥusain Ḥaidar Ḥusainī Qādirī.

(1)

Iẓhār al-ḥaqq, a catechism refuting S̲h̲īʿite tenets: Sītāpūr 1293/1876* (Ṣubh i ṣādiq Pr. 2 pp.).

(2)

Radd i Rawāfiḍ, a refutation of certain S̲h̲īʿite tenets: Sītāpūr 1291/1875* (Ghālib al-ak̲h̲bār Pr. 12 pp.).

(3)

Takmilah i Radd i Rawāfid: Sītāpūr 1876* (Ṣubḥ i ṣādiq Pr. 14 pp).

(4)

¶ Taṣḥīḥ al-ʿaqīdah fī bāb amīr Muʿāwiyah. Edition: 1886 (Āṣaf. ii p. 1336 nos. 526, 896).

§ 520. Ḥakīm Abū ʿAlī K̲h̲ān b. G̲h̲ulām-ʿAlī K̲h̲ān Dihlawī was a pupil of Muftī S. Muḥammad-Qulī K̲h̲ān Kintūrī [who was born in 1188/1775 and died in 1260/1844, see pl. iv no. 477 supra].

Risālah … Saif al-muʾminīn u mulaqqab bah Kas̲h̲f al-rain fī it̲h̲bāt al-ʿazāʾ ʿalā ’l-Ḥusain: [Cawnpore²³ 1878°*] (219 pp. Maṭlaʿ i nūr Press).

§ 521. Ḥaidar ʿAlī [b. M. Ḥasan²⁴] Faiḍābādī, a specialist in anti-S̲h̲īʿite controversy, died at Ḥaidarābād circ. 1890.

[pl. i Add. ad no. 47 [47a]; Brockelmann Sptbd ii p. 858]

(1)

al-Dāhiyah al-ḥāṭimah:²⁵ Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 569 (ah 1275/1858–9).

Edition: Place? 1275/1858–9 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 738).

(2)

Izālat al-g̲h̲ain ʿan baṣārat al-ʿain, anti-Shīʿite polemic, described by Raḥmān ʿAlī as in three volumes (perhaps counting the two parts of Vol. i as two volumes): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 529 penult. Edition: place? 1272/1855–6 (Vol.i, pts. 1–2. (two halves). Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 nos. 706–7); Lucknow 1295/1878‡ (T̲h̲amar i Hind Pr. Perhaps Vol. ii only: see Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 nos. 235, 250 (both Vol. ii), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 8, p. 38 no. 26 (Vol. not specified)).

(3)

Muntahā ’l-kalām, anti-S̲h̲īʿite polemic: Lucknow 1257/1841* (Muḥammadī Pr. 3 vols. 278; 246; 282 pp.); [Lucknow] 1282/1865° (541 pp.).

Shīʿite reply: Istiqṣāʾ al-ifḥām wa-’stīfāʾ al-intiqām, by Ḥāmid Ḥusain Lak’hnawī (for whom see pl. iv no. 505 supra): D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 31. Editions (of parts only): Place? 1276/1859–60 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 no. 797), [India] 1280/1863–4 (Vol. ii (from Manhaj 2) Mas̲h̲had iv p. 277), Lucknow 1315/1898 (Majmaʿ al-baḥrain Pr 3 vols (of which only Vol. ii, pt 2, 652 pp, is in the B.M. Cf.D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 31)).

(4)

Risālah i munāẓarah²⁶ (ba-ṭaur i takmilah i Muntahā ’l-kalām). Edition: place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 691).

(5)

¶ Risālat al-makātīb fī ruʾyat al-t̲h̲aʿālib wa-’l-g̲h̲arābīb²⁷ (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. a.b. mī-gūyad kamtarīn i anām Ḥ. ʿA.), anti-S̲h̲īʿite correspondence with Nawwāb Subḥān ʿAlī K̲h̲ān (for whom see pl. iv no. 475 supra) and other papers: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1344 no. 568 (collated with an autograph), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1069 (defective at end), ʿAlīgaṛh Subh. mss. p. 11 (2 copies, one dated 1266/1850).

§ 522. Hidāyat Allāh b. Ḥusain Ās̲h̲tiyānī, surnamed (mulaqqab bi-) Wazīr i Daftar, died towards the end of Muḥarram 1310/aug. 1892.

[al-Maʾāt̲h̲ir wa-’l-āt̲h̲ār, Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq iii p. 277.]

Kas̲h̲f u ishrāq, composed in 1282/1865–6, on theological and Ṣūfī matters with some inadversions on the Mīzān al-ḥaqq: Mashhad iv p. 221 no. 935 (78 foll).

§ 523. S̲h̲. Maḥmūd b. Jaʿfar ʿIrāqī, Imām of the Āg̲h̲ā Bahrām mosque in Tihrān, was born in 1240/1824–5 and died in 1310/1892–3.

[al-Maʾāt̲h̲ir wa-’l-āt̲h̲ār p. 166, Mas̲h̲had v p. 266.]

Dār al-salām, on the Hidden Imām, completed in 1301/1884: Tihrān 1303/1885–6 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 266).

§ 524. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar Daulatābādī Sabzawārī, a well-known preacher, died at Tihrān on 14 Jumādā i 1312/13 November 1894.

[Maṭlaʾ al-s̲h̲ams iii; al-Maʾāt̲h̲ir wa-’l-āt̲h̲ār p. 214 (quoted in Mas̲h̲had v p. 315); cf. also pl. ii no. 774 (8).]

Majmaʿ al-nūrain, as it is called in the Mas̲h̲had catalogue, or K̲h̲arj al-aiyām li-kāffat al-anām, as it is called in the D̲h̲arīʿah (viii p. 146),²⁸ containing mawāʿiẓ, manāqib and maṣāʾib, composed at Tabriz and dedicated to Muẓaffar al-Dīn S̲h̲āh. Editions (all under the title Majmaʿ al-nūrain in the Mas̲h̲had cat.): Tabrīz 1302/1884–5 (described as Kitāb i ḥayawānāt, or Bahāʾim u sibāʿ, in 106 majālis. Mas̲h̲had v p. 315); Tihrān 1320/1902–3 (apparently the same vol., ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲arʾs Pr. Mas̲h̲had ¶ p. 316), 1321/1903–4 (apparently the same vol., Mas̲h̲had ibid), 1322/1904–5 (dscribed as Kitāb i malāʾikah, in 40 majālis, Tanbīh al-mug̲h̲tarrīn fī aḥwāl al-laʿīn, or Kitāb al-S̲h̲aiṭān, in 46 majālis, K̲h̲arj al-aiyām, or Yad u minbar,²⁹ in 47 majālis, and Nawādir al-āt̲h̲ār, or Jannat u nār, in 55 majālis. Mas̲h̲had ibid.).

§ 525. M. Murīd Muḥyī ’l-Dīn Ḥanafī Qādirī.

Ḥujjat al-baiḍāʾ fī radd ahl al-ṭag̲h̲ā, composed in 1310/1892–3. Edition: 1319/1901–2 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 546).

§ 526. ʿAbd al-Ḥusain b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Bardasīrī, known as Mīrzā Āqā K̲h̲ān Kirmānī, was put to death on 4 or 6³⁰ Ṣafar 1314/15 or 17 July 1896 (see pl. i no. 330, Add. ad loc.).

Haftād u dū millat, a summons to Islamic unity: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 271 no. 1076 (32 foll. ah 1321/1903).

Edition: Berlin 1343/1924–5 (Irāns̲h̲ahr Pr. with introduction by Ḥusain Kāẓim zādah & Mīrzā Muḥammad K̲h̲ān Bahādur [cf. pl i no. 1667 (9) 3rd footnote]).

§ 527. S. Jamāl al-Dīn Ḥusainī Asadabādī Hamadānī b. 1524/1838–9 d. 1314/1896–7.

[Islamic Culture xxvi/3 (July 1952) pp. 50–4.]

Nēc̲h̲arīyah, a refutation of the atheistic beliefs of scientists, composed in 1298/1881: Bombay 1298/1881 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 61), 1300/1882–3 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 361), Tihrān ahs1303/1924–5 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 362).

§ 528. M. Bāqir b. M. Jaʿfar Fis̲h̲ārkī³¹ Iṣfahānī died on 28 Rajab 1314/2 January 1897 (see Rijāl i Iṣfahān p. 90⁹).

(1)

Aʿmāl i sih māh: Persia 1330/1912 (Mus̲h̲ār i 128).

(2)

Asbāb al-faqr etc: see under (3) below.

(3)

D̲h̲ak̲h̲īrat al-maʿād, on the uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid in fifty-six majālis: Persia 1332/1913–4 (with the same author’s Asbāb al-faqr wa-’l-g̲h̲anā wa-’l-mag̲h̲firah Mus̲h̲ār i 769); Iṣfahān 1347/1928 (Gulbahār Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 269, Mus̲h̲ār i 769).

(4)

Risālah i ʿas̲h̲rīyah: see under (5) below.

(5)

¶ ʿUnwān al-kalām, sermons preached in Ramaḍān 1283/Jan.-Feb. 1867: Tihrān 1333/1915 (followed by the same author’s Risālah i ʿas̲h̲rīyah, a similar work relating to the first ten days of Muḥarram. Mas̲h̲had v p. 292).

§ 529. S. M. Ḥusain b. M. ʿAlī Ḥusainī Marʿas̲h̲ī S̲h̲ahristānī Ḥāʾirī died in 1315/1897–8.

(1)

al-Ḥujjat al-bālig̲h̲ah wa-’l-niʿmat al-sābig̲h̲ah, on the existence of the Imām al-ʿaṣr, completed 1281/1864 5: D̲h̲arīʿah vi p. 258 no. 1411. Edition: 1307/1889–90 (D̲h̲arīʿah, loc. cit.).

(2)

Tiryāq i Fārūq, anti-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī polemic, completed in 1301/1883–4: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 171 no. 845, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., nos. 61 (ah 1307/1889, autograph), 55 (ah 1301/1883–4).

Edition (224 pp.): see D̲h̲arīʿah, loc. cit, and Mus̲h̲ār 421 where the place & date are not stated.

A reply entitled al-Ijtināb was completed in 1307/1889–90 by M. Bāqir Hama^­dānī (see pl. iv no. 535(4) infra).

§ 530. S̲h̲. ʿAlī b. M. Jaʿfar Astarābādī known as (maʿrūf bi-) S̲h̲arīʿat-madār died circ. 1315/1897–8.

ʿAin al-ḥaqq, on the uṣūl i dīn: Tihrān 1308/1890–1 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 330).

§ 531. M. b. M. Mahdī As̲h̲rafī Māzandarānī Bārfurūs̲h̲ī, known as Ḥājī As̲h̲rafī, died on 1 Ramaḍān 1315/24 January 1898 (see pl. iv no. 206 supra).

Asrār al-s̲h̲ahādah: Tihrān 1322/1904 (K̲h̲wurs̲h̲īd Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 225, D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 46).

§ 532. S. Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad ʿAqīlī ʿAlawī Nūrī died at Najaf in 1317/1899–1900.

Kifāyat al-muwaḥhidīn fī ʿaqāʾid al-dīn, in three volumes, of which the first (dar it̲h̲bāt i Wājib) was completed in 1299/1882, the second (on Imāmat) in 1301/1883–4 and the third, with the independent title of D̲h̲ak̲h̲īrat al-maʿād, in 1304/1886: Tihrān 1299–1304/1882–6 (3 vols. Mas̲h̲had iv pp. 341–2).

§ 533. Mīrzā M. Riḍā b. ʿAlī Naqī b. Riḍā Hamadānī, a well-known preacher in Tihrān and the grandson of M. Riḍā “Kaut̲h̲ar” Hamadānī (for whom see pl. i no. 39, Add. ad loc., iv no. 465 supra) was born in 1261/1845 and died in 1318/1900–1 (so Mas̲h̲had iv p. 283) or after 1320/1902–3 (so D̲h̲arīʿah).

[Ṭarāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq iii p. 118.]

Anwār al-qudsīyah, on the uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 437, Tihrān [circ. 1324/1906] (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 283).

¶ Brockelmann puts the following work [correctly?] under M Riḍā b. M. Hādī Hamadānī who died at Sāmarrāʾ in 1322 (note that the work was composed at Sāmarrā).

Hadīyat al-namlah lā marjiʿ al-millah, on the beliefs of the S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī sect, an Arabic work completed at Sāmarrāʾ in 1303/1886: Bombay 1310/1892–3 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 365).

Persian translation by S̲h̲. ʿAlī Maḥallātī Ḥāʾirī, a resident of Bombay: Bombay 1310/1892–3 (printed interlinearly with the Arabic text, Mus̲h̲ār i 1649), 1335/1916–17 (39 pp. Mus̲h̲ār i 1649).

§ 534. S̲h̲āh M. ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Muʿīn al-Ḥaqq Faḍl i Rasūl Badāyūnī was born on 17 Rajab 1253/17 Oct. 1837 and died on 17 Jumādā i 1319/1 Sept. 1901. He was a vehement opponent of the Nadwat al-ʿulamāʾ movement which aimed at reforming and modernizing the traditional Islamic curriculum (cf pl. i Add. ad no. 1228).

[Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 127; M. Idrīs p. 50, Niẓāmī Badāyūnī Qāmūs al-mas̲h̲āhīr (in Urdu) ii p. 67.]

Saif al-Islām al-maslūl ʿalā ʾl-mannāʿ li-ʿamal al-maulid wa-ʾl-qiyām, a defence of the practices of observing the Prophet’s birthday and rising in respect before certain persons: Āgrah [1870*] (Ilāhī Pr. 101 pp.).

§ 535. M. Bāqir b. M. Jaʿfar Hamadānī died in 1319/1901–2 (see pl. iv no. 215 supra).

(1)

Asrār al-s̲h̲ahādah, in fifteen rauḍahs: Iṣfahān 1348/1929–30 (Gulbahār Pr. Followed by the same author’s Risālah i Mūḍiḥ, a reply to criticisms of the S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī sect. Mashhad v p. 225).

(2)

Bis̲h̲ārāt, on the predictions of Muḥammad’s advent in the sacred books of earlier religions, with mulḥaqāt completed in 1312/1897: Iṣfahān 1320/1902–3 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 286).

(3)

Durrat al-Najafīyah (the D̲h̲arīʿah adds fī ’l-uṣūl al-dīnīyah), proofs of the truth of Islām and of S̲h̲īʿism as the firqah i nājiyah, in two volumes, of which the first was completed at Najaf in 1294/1877 and the second, an abridgement of the first, in 1300/1882: D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 113 no. 414, Tihrān 1301/1883–4 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 308).

(4)

al-Ijtināb, a reply to the Tiryāq i Fārūq of S. M. Ḥusain b. M. ʿAlī S̲h̲ahristānī (for which see pl. iv no. 529 (2) supra): D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 269. Edition: 1308/1890–1 (D̲h̲arīʿah, ibid.).

(5)

Jawāb i s̲h̲ubahāt (beg…. baʿḍī az aʿāẓim i qaṣabah i Nirāq), an explanation of the sayings of S̲h̲. Aḥmad Aḥsāʾī, completed in 1286/1870: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 60 no. 446 (7 foll.).

(6)

¶ Mīzān, on Imāmī dogmatics with an appeal for unity among the Shaik̲h̲īs: Tihrān 1287/1870–1 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 358).

§ 536. S̲h̲. M. ʿAlī b. M. Jaʿfar K̲h̲us̲h̲kbijārī [vocalization?] Rashtī, Imām-jumʿah of Ras̲h̲t, died in 1320/1902–3 (so in Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿulamāʾ u s̲h̲uʿarā-yi Gīlān p. 107) or in Rabīʿ i 1319 (so Mas̲h̲had cat., if 13 9 is to be so read).

Ibṭāl i tanāsukh: Dharīʿah i p. 67 penult., Tihrān 1319/1901–2 (followed by the same author’s Risālah dar maʿād (completed in 1303/1885) and his Ṣūfī poem Mirqāt al-ṣuʿūd li-ahl al-maʿrifah wa-’l-s̲h̲uhūd. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 311).

§ 537. Mīrzā Ḥusain b. M. Taqī Nūrī Ṭabarsī died in 1320/1902 (see pl. i no. 311 (7), ii no. 323 last par., footnote).

Luʾluʾ u marjān, on the qualifications and duties of d̲h̲ākirīn and rauḍah-khwānān, completed in 1319/1902: Tihrān 1321/1903–4 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 309). A Lucknow edition of 1302 [sic, a date earlier than that given in the Mas̲h̲had catalogue for the composition of the work] is mentioned by Brockelmann (Sptbd. ii p. 832). Cf. pl. iv no. 923(40) infra.

§ 538. S̲h̲. Hādī b. Mahdī b. Bāqir Najmābādī, known as Sangilajī (from the place of his residence in Tihrān), was born in 1250/1834–5 and died in 1320/1902–3.

[Portrait in Nāẓim al-Islām’s Tarīk̲h̲ i bīdārī i Īrāniyān p. 91]

Taḥrīr al-ʿuqalāʾ, essays on theological, ethical and other subjects: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 387 no. 1393, Tihrān ahs1312/1933–4 (with a preface on the Najmābādī family by Abū ’l-Ḥasan “Furūg̲h̲ī” b. M. Ḥusain K̲h̲ān “Furūg̲h̲ī”[cf. pl. i no. 319 and Add.] and some appended anti-Bahāʾī tracts by the author Mas̲h̲had iv p. 290).

§ 539. M. ʿAlī K̲h̲urāsānī Ṭabasī, nazīl i Ḥaidarābād, died at Karbalāʾ in D̲h̲ū ’l-Ḥijjah 1320/March 1903

Anwār al-abṣār fī taḥqīq marātib al-Nabī al-Muk̲h̲tār wa-’l-aʾimmat al-aṭhār on the superioirity of Muhammad’s rank as Imām to his rank as Prophet, completed in 1302/1884–5: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 414, Ḥaidarābād 1308/1890–1 (cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 283).

§ 540. M. Taqī b. M Ḥusain Kās̲h̲ānī died at Tihrān in, or about 1321/1903–4 (see pl. iv no. 216 supra).

(1)

Hidāyat al-jāhidīn, replies to the criticisms of Henry Martyn and other Christians, completed in 1305/1888: Tihrān 1309/1891–2 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 363).

(2)

¶ Hidāyat al-mustars̲h̲idīn, a refutation of the criticisms of Henry Martyn and other Christians, completed in 1303/1885: Ṭihrān 1312/1894–5 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. l, ptd. bks., no. 79, iv p. 364).

(3)

Hidāyat al-ṭālibīn, on the uṣūl i dīn, completed in 1285/1869: Tihrān 1286/1869–70 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 364); 1307/1889–90 (Mas̲h̲had, ibid.).

(4)

Wasīlat al-Najāt, completed in 1300/1883 and discussing (1) almsgiving, kindness to relations (ṣilah i raḥim) and prayer (duʿāʾ) as causes of long life and prosperity, (2) the reason for the multiplicity of prophets, (3) the meaning of the Qurʾānic verses and traditions relating to taqdīr, (4) the reason for raising the hand at the time of prayer (duʿāʾ), the bodily ascension (miʿrāj) of the Prophet, and other matters: Tihrān (1297/1880 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 4, ptd. bks., no. 176), 1301/1884 (followed by the author’s Tauḍīḥ al-āyāt, in explanation of certain Qurʾānic verses(cf. D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 489). Mas̲h̲had v p. 348).

§ 541. S̲h̲. ʿAbd Allāh b. M. Ḥasan K̲h̲ūrāskānī [vocalisation?] Iṣfahānī, surnamed (mulaqqab bi-) Malik al-Nuḥāt, was living in the Madrasah i ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān in Tihrān when he published.

ʿAqāʾid al-Muʾminīn: Tihrān 1314/1896–7 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 329).

§ 542. S. Abū ’l-Qāsim b. al-Ḥusain Riḍawī Qummī Lāhaurī has already been mentioned as the author of the Lawāmiʿ al-tanzīl, a S̲h̲īʿite commentary on the Qurʾān (pl. i no. 49 (15), Add. ad loc.) and other works (pl. iv no. 221 supra). He died on 14 Muḥarram 1324 according to the Mas̲h̲had catalogue (iv p. 315).

(1)

Anwār i k̲h̲amsah, an exposition of the S̲h̲īʿite creed: [Lahore 1887°] (followed by the Risālah i Ḍiyā i nasamah, on religious rites. 208 pp.).

(2)

Hidāyat al-aṭfāl, a statement of the fundamentals of al-Islām: Lahore 1288/1871* (with the Zīnat al-ʿibād, a summary of Islamic law, by Zain al-ʿābidīn, on the margin. 24 pp.); 1289/1872°* (32 pp.); [1875*] (on the margin of the author’s Sirāj al-ʿibād); [1875*] (with marginal notes and, on the head margin, an untitled Arabic tract ascribed to Abū Jaʿfar al-Ṭūsī beginning … fa-hād̲h̲ihi ʿiddat masāʾil. 48 pp.).

(3)

Ḥujjat Allāh al-bālig̲h̲ah ʿalā ’l-k̲h̲āṣṣah wa-’l-ʿāmmah, on the Imamate: Lahore 1872°* (28 pp.).

(4)

Izālat al-g̲h̲ain fī ruʾyat al-ʿain: printed in India (D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 529).

(5)

Jawāb i lā-jawāb, a defence of taʿziyah-dārī: Lahore 1872* (16 pp.); 1873* (16 pp.).

(6)

Maʿārif al-firqat al-nājiyah wa-l-nārīyah (so in the Mas̲h̲had catalogue), or Maʿārif al-millah (so Arberry), a refutation of the doctrines of heretical sects and a defence of those of the It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arī Shīʿah: Lahore ¶ 1296/1879* (with the Tabṣirat al-ʿawāmm (cf. pl. iv no. 353 supra) on the margin. 449 pp. Cf. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 53).

(7)

Nāṣir al-ʿitrat al-ṭāhirah, proofs of the Imāmate and supremacy of ʿAlī from Sunnite traditions, composed in 1295/1878 (see Āṣafīyah iii p. 550): Lahore 1295/1878* (148 pp.).

(8)

Risālah i Nafy al-ijbār ʿan al-Fāʿil al-Muk̲h̲tār, a defence of the doctrine of free-will: Lahore 1295/1878* (32 pp).

(9)

Risālah i nafy i ruʾyat, or (according to Arberry) Lā tudrikuhu ’l-abṣār, a tract in defence of the orthodox doctrine that God cannot be perceived by human sight: Lahore 1295/1878* (32 pp.).

(10)

Risālah i nūr, completed in 1314/1897 to dispel Christian doubts: Lahore 1314/1897 (with a marginal Urdu translation by the author’s son. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 315).

(11)

Siyādat al-Sādah: Lahore 1307/1890° (204 pp.).

(12)

Taklīf al-mukallafīn, in two parts, (1) on the uṣūl, (2) on the furūʿ: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 407, Lahore 1292/1875°* (129 pp. On the margin two Arabic works, al-Bāb al-ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar by Ibn al-Muṭahhar al-Ḥillī and the Alfīyah of the S̲h̲ahīd i awwal).

§ 543. Ḥājī M. Khān b. M. Karīm K̲h̲ān Kirmānī died in 1324/1906 (see pl. iv no. 223 supra).

(1)

Hidāyat al-mustars̲h̲id, completed in 1311/1893 as a reply to the Hadīyat al-namlah, a work in Arabic on the beliefs of the S̲h̲aik̲h̲īs by M. Riḍā Hamadānī (see under pl. iv no. 533 supra): Bombay 1312/1894–5 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 364).

(2)

Risālah i Ḥājī M. K̲h̲ān i Kirmānī. Edition: (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1342 no. 449, where the place and date of publication are not stated).

(3)

Risālah i munāẓarah:³² Bombay 1309/1891–2 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 449).

(4)

S̲h̲ams al-muḍīʾah, dar radd i s̲h̲ubahāt i Bābīyah, composed in 1320/1902–3 in refutation of the Farāʾid of Abū ’l-Faḍl Gulpāyagānī (see pl. iv no. 697 infra). Edition: 1322/1904–5 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. l, ptd. bks., no. 45).

(5)

Taqwīm al-ʿawaj, anti-Bābī polemic, composed in 198/1881: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 397. Editions: Bombay 1304/1886–7 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 546), 1311/1894° (211 pp. cf. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. l, ptd. bks., no. 11).

(6)

Wasīlat al-najāh: Tabrīz 1297/1880 (Mus̲h̲ār i 1631).

¶ § 544. Majd al-Daulah G̲h̲ulām-Nabī-Allāh Aḥmad b. G̲h̲ulām-Asad-Allāh died in 1324/1906 according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue (ii p. 1334).

Baṣāʾir, anti-Wahhābī and anti-Nēc̲h̲arī polemic: Dharīʿah iii p. 121, Madrās 1295/1878 (Hidāyah Press. 55 pp. Cf. Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. l, ptd bks., no. 10).

§ 545. Abū ’l-Ḥayāʾ M. Naʿīm b. ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm Lak’hnawī was still alive when M. Idrīs wrote briefly about him on p. 86 of his [Urdu] Taṭyīb al-ik̲h̲wān [completed in 1313/1895]

Tanqīd al-kalām [al-mansūb ilā G̲h̲aut̲h̲ al-anām]: [Lucknow?] 1283/1866–7 (n.k. see ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 35).

§ 546. S. Hās̲h̲im b. Murtaḍā b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Ḥusainī Lāhijānī.

(1)

C̲h̲ahār faṣl, a refutation, completed in 1298/1881, of M. Bāqir Hamadānī’s³³ D̲h̲arīʿat al-warā (dar masʾalah i waḥdat i nāṭiq dar ʿaṣr i g̲h̲aibat): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 64 no. 450 (53 foll.).

(2)

Ḥujjat al-dāmig̲h̲ah, completed in 1310/1893, on the Imām and in refutation of Bābī ideas: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 91 no. 544 (149 foll. ah 1310/1893).

§ 547. Sh. M. Ḥusain, known as S̲h̲arīʿat-madār, b. M. Ismāʿīl Sīstānī.

Irs̲h̲ād al-muslimīn wa-tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn, compeleted in 1305/1887–8: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 521 no. 2541 (where the date seems to be misprinted), Tihrān 1335/1916–17 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 277).

§ 548. Mīrzā M. b. M. Rafīʿ, entitled Malik al-kuttāb, S̲h̲īrāzī (see pl. i no. 662, etc).

(1)

Āyāt al-wilāyah wa-burhān al-hidāyah, on the claim of ʿAlī and his discendants to succeed Muḥammad: Bombay [1898°] (Datta Prasād Pr. 112 pp. Cf. Mus̲h̲ār i 37).

(2)

Riyāḍ al-ʿirfān fī maʿrifat K̲h̲āliq al-Ins wa-’l-Jānn, elementary theology and ethics, dedicated to M. Ḥāmid ʿAlī K̲h̲ān, ruler of Rāmpūr: Bombay 1326/1908 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 316).

§ 549. ʿAlawī K̲h̲ān Imām al-Ḥukamāʾ was alive when the work mentioned below was printed.

Kunūz al-ilhām fī ḥaqīqat al-Islām, of which part 1, separately entitled Mīzān, treats in five faṣls of the uṣūl i dīn and seeks to harmonise Shīʿism ¶ and Sunnism, while part 2 was, or was to be, separately entitled Tibyān: Ḥaidarābād, Deccan, 1316/1898–9 (Pt. i only Mas̲h̲had iv p. 344).

§ 550. Sulṭān-Muḥammad b. Ḥaidar M. Gunābādī, surnamed Sulṭān-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh, a Niʿmat-Allāhī s̲h̲aik̲h̲, was born in 1251/1835 at the village of Bīduk̲h̲t and was killed on 26 Rabīʿ i 1327/17 april 1909.

(1)

Majmaʿ al-saʿādāt, on the uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid (arranged as in the Uṣūl i Kāfī), the farāʾiḍ and the sunan: Tihrān 1317/1899–1900 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 347).

(2)

Saif al-Furqān fī taʿrīf al-kufr wa-’l-īmān, completed in 1314/1896: Lahore 1316/1898–9 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 321).

(3)

Tanbīh al-nāʾimīn. on sleep and the evidence provided by it for mabdaʾ, nubuwwat, maʿād, etc., completed in 1323/1905: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 449, Tihrān ahs 1318/1939–40 (followed by the K̲h̲wāb i maṣnūʿī of his grandson (nawah) Sulṭān-Ḥusain Tābandah. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 299).

§ 551. Niẓām al-ulamāʾ Mīrzā M. Rafīʿ Ṭabāṭabāʾī b. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar mustaufī, who died at Tabrīz in 1327/1909, has already been mentioned for his grammar Tarjamat al-adab fī qawāʿid lug̲h̲at al-̔Arab (pl. iii no. 269) and other works.

(1)

Ādāb al-mulūk, see pl. iv no. 276(4)(k) Supra.

(2)

Futūḥāt i Niẓāmīyah, on various matters relating to the absence (g̲h̲aibat) of the Twelfth Imām, completed in 1311/1893: Tabrīz 1311/1893–4 (Mas̲h̲hadī Asad Āqā’s Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 295).

(3)

Maṣābīḥ al-anwār wa-mafātīḥ al-asrār, dar it̲h̲bāt i mabdaʾ u maʿād, completed in 1302/1885: Tabrīz 1304/1887 (319 pp. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 351, Karatay p. 129).

(4)

Asrār al-s̲h̲ahādah. Edition: Persia (D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 46 no. 187).

§ 552. M. Isḥāq b. Ḥaidar ʿAlī [Faiḍābādī, for whose father (d. circ. 1890) see pl. i Add. ad no. 47 [47a], iv no. 521 supra].

Istīʿāb al-kalām. Edition: Place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330).

§ 553. M. Ḥasan al-Zamān died in 1330/1912 according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue.

Difāʿ al-Waswās al-K̲h̲annās. Edition: Ḥaidarābād (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 116).

§ 554. M. Ṣādiq mulaqqab bi-Fak̲h̲r al-Islām,³⁴ originally a Christian³⁵ of Urūmiyah well acquainted with Hebrew and Syriac, cooperated with S.M. ¶ Ṭabāṭabāʾī in founding the Madrasah i Islām at Ṭihrān. When Hās̲h̲im S̲h̲āmīʾs Arabic translation of the Hidāyah of the Englishman Jirjīs Ṣāl [George Sale?] reached Ṭihrān, M. Ṣādiq wrote tracts in refutation of the chapter criticizing Islām. He was editor of the weekly religious newspaper Tadaiyun published at Ṭihrān in 1325/1907 (Browne Press & poetry of modern Persia p. 61), and he died circ. 1330/1912 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 102¹)

(1)

Anīs al-aʿlām fī nuṣrat al-Islām: Tabrīz 1313–15 1895–8 (354+578 pp. Mas̲h̲ār i 175), Ṭihrān 1318–19/1901–2 (354 & 578 pp Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, ptd. bks., no. 2, iv p. 283 no. 158; D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 452; Mus̲h̲ār i 175), Iṣfahān 1370/1950–1 (Mus̲h̲ār ibid.).

(2)

Bayān al-ḥaqq wa-’l-ṣidq al-muṭlaq, in ten volumes, of which the first four seek to establish the truth of Islām and the last six to refute various Christian polemical works: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 180 no. 639, where it is stated that only vols. i and iv have been published, Tihrān 1322/1904–5 (Vol i. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 288), 1324/1906 (Vol. iv. Mas̲h̲had ibid.), or 1327/1909 (Mus̲h̲ār i 246) and 1334/1915–16 (Mus̲h̲ār ibid.).

(3)

Burhān al-Muslimīn: Tihrān 1312/1894–5 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 101 no. 326 (no place or date mentioned), Mus̲h̲ār i 222).

§ 555. Āqā Najafī (i.e. S̲h̲. M. Taqī b. M. Bāqir Aiwān-Kaifī Rāzī Iṣfahānī) died at Iṣfahān on S̲h̲aʿbān 1332/5 July 1914 (see pl. i no. 311 (15), ii no. 843, etc.).

(1)

Muhjat al-baiḍāʾ, a refutation of Sunnite beliefs: Tabrīz (date? Mas̲h̲had iv p. 358).

(2)

Qawām al-ummah fī radd s̲h̲ayāṭīn al-kafarah (radd i pādrī i Naṣrānī): Persia (handwriting of Aḥmad b. M. ʿAlī, Mus̲h̲ār i 1230), Bombay (Mus̲h̲ār i 1321).

§ 556. Muhammad b. Mas̲h̲hadī Bābā wāʿiẓ i Nak̲h̲juwānī, a preacher resident at Nak̲h̲juwān, was the author of works entitled Kashkūl and Qurrat al-abṣār.

Maẓāhir al-anwār fī ʿaqāʿid al- ak̲h̲yār, completed in 1319/1901 and forming the third volume of the author’s Sahāb al-dumūʿ: [Tabrīz? 1320/1902?] (Mas̲h̲had v p. 325. Cf. Mus̲h̲ār i 1452).

§ 557. Hājī Ḥusain-Qulī jadīd al-Islām (an Armenian named originally Arākil b. Hartūn (so Browne, but Arāgīl b. Hārtūf according to the Mas̲h̲had cat.) Zarkarānī S̲h̲īrwānī).

Minhāj al-ṭālibīn, an exposure of Bābism and Bahāʾism, completed in 1320/1902: Bombay 1320/1902° (400 pp. Browne Materials p. 196, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 357, Mus̲h̲ār i 1523).

¶ § 558. S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām S̲h̲. Ḥasan Ras̲h̲tī [b. Ḥājj Murtaḍā ʿĀmilī Kāẓimī].

Abrār, a short work on prophetship and imamate, composed in 1322/1904: Mas̲h̲had 1322/1904 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 274 no. 98, Mus̲h̲ār 39)

§ 559. S. M. Bāqir Mujtahid-zādah [b. Ḥusain Mūsawī] Ganjāʾī Iṣfahānī G̲h̲arawī died circ. 1335/1916–17.

(1)

Mazāmīr al-auliyāʾ, dar mawāʿiẓ u marāt̲h̲ī, divided into majālis: Najaf 1353/1934–5 (2 vols. Mas̲h̲had v p. 321).

(2)

Mirqāt al-īqān, mawāʿiẓ u naṣāʾiḥ u manāqib u maṣāʾib i k̲h̲ānadān i ʿIṣmat, composed at Tiflīs and divided into majālis: Najaf 1351/1932–3 (2 vols Mas̲h̲had v p. 321).

(3)

Rauḍ al-jinān, on the merits & sufferings of the Prophet’s family, etc., in fifty majālis: Najaf 1350/1931–2 (Murtaḍawī Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 273).

§ 560. S̲h̲āh-zādah Abū ’l-Ḥasan Mīrzā “Ḥairat” Qājār, called S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Raʾīs b. Ḥusām al-Salṭanah M. Taqī Mīrzā b. Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh Qājār was born at Tabrīz in 1264/1848 and died in 1336/1917–18. For his Kitāb al-abrār (Bombay 1312/1894–5), a reply in Arabic to G̲h̲ulām Aḥmad Qādiyānī’s two works Ḥamāmat al-bus̲h̲rā and Sirr al-k̲h̲ilāfah, see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 339. For other works see Mus̲h̲ār i 1554.

[Dānis̲h̲mandān i Ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 127; Raiḥānat al-adab ii pp. 396–8; Nāẓim al-Islām Tārik̲h̲ i bīdārī i Irāniyān, Tihrān [ahs1332], p. 430 (portrait); Malik-zādah Tārik̲h̲ i inqilāb i mas̲h̲rūṭīyat i Īran p. 129[vol.?]; Burqaʿī Suk̲h̲anwarān i nāmī i muʿāṣir iii pp. 92–5.]

(1)

Ittiḥād i Islām: Bombay 1312/1894° (96 pp. Cf. Browne Lit. Hist.iv p. 420 n. 1, Karatay p. 7; Mus̲h̲ār i 44).

(2)

Muntak̲h̲ab i nafīs az āt̲h̲ār i … S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Raʾīs, writings in verse and prose, preceded by an autobiography: Bombay 1312/1896° (99. 42, 209, 8. Nāṣirī Pr. Cf. Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl. 15, ptd. bks., no. 133, Karatay p. 7, Mus̲h̲ār i 1511).

§ 561. Mīrzā Abū ’l-Ḥasan b. Ismāʿīl Isṭahbanātī Lārī, the son of a daughter of S. Jaʿfar “Kas̲h̲fī” (cf. pl. iv nos. 156, 479 supra), was born at Isṭahbanāt in Fārs circ. 1250/1834–5 and died in 1338/1919–20.

Salsabīl, usūl i dīn with a Ṣūfī tinge, completed in 1312/1894–5: Bombay 1312/1895° (416 pp. Cf. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 318).

§ 562. S. Ḥasan “Fānī” b. Ḥusain b. Ismāʿīl Ardakānī Yazdī died in 1338/ 1919–20.

Burhān al-muttaqīn wa-nīrān al-mulḥidīn, anti-Bahāʾī polemic, completed in 1325/1907–8: Tihrān 1325/1907–8 (accompanied, on the margin, ¶ by the same author’s Radd al-Sak̲h̲īfah, a reply to the Bābī Ṣaḥīfah i ʿadlīyah. Mas̲h̲had iv pp. 286, 310, Mus̲h̲ār i 222, 805).

§ 563. S. Abū ’l-Qāsim b. M. ʿAlī Ḥusainī Sidihī Iṣfahānī, a resident of Tihrān, died at Mecca in 1339/1920–1.

Lamaʿāt al-anwār, dar faḍīlat i ṣalawāt u bi-smi ’llāh u bark̲h̲ī az ad̲h̲kār i dīgar, completed in 1301/1884 and dedicated to Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh: Tihrān 1311/1893–4 (followed by the same author’s Dalāʾil al-rubūbīyah Mashhad v p. 310).

§ 564. M. Nāẓim al-Islām Kirmānī, author of the Tārīk̲h̲ i bīdārī i Īrāniyān (pl. i no. 450),³⁶ was according to the Mas̲h̲had catalogue (i, fṣl. 4, ptd. bks. no. 107) Director (Mudīr) of the Madrasah i Islām founded at Ṭihrān by Mīr S.M. Ṭabāṭabāʾī and Editor of the Naurūz and the Kaukab i durrī. He died circ. 1340/1921–2.

ʿAlāʾim i ẓuhūr li-l-Mahdī al-mauʿūd: Ṭihrān 1329/1912 (Mas̲h̲had, loc. cit.); 1330/1912 (Mīrzā ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar’s Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 290).

§ 565. S. Abū Turāb ʿAlī b. Abī ’l-Qāsim Riḍawī Qummī Ḥāʾirī Lāhaurī was born in 1288/1871–2 (see pl. iv no. 222 supra).

(1)

Bis̲h̲ārāt i Aḥmadīyah, on Muḥammad’s Prophetship and the predictions thereof in the sacred books of earlier religions: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 112 no. 377, Lahore 1314/1896–7 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 286 no. 176), 1323/1905 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 286 no. 177).

(2)

Ghāyat al-maqṣūd, on the Mahdī or Twelfth Imām, in four volumes, of which the fourth (Lahore 1321/1903*, 262 pp.) contains “proofs of his mission” (according to Arberry) and, according to Edwards, refutes the doctrines of G̲h̲ulām-Aḥmad Qādiyānī: Lahore 1899–1903° (only Vol. iv is in the i.o.).

(3)

Ḥall i mā lā yanḥall, on the salvation and punishment [in the future life] of the children of infidels (kuffār) and unmarried persons, completed in 1316/1898: D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 73 no. 388, Lahore 1316/1899 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 306).

(4)

K̲h̲awāriq al-bawāriq, on the iʿjāz of the Qurʾān, completed in 1316/1898–9 and dedicated to Mīr Faiḍ M. K̲h̲ān, ruler of K̲h̲airpūr, Sind: D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 269, Lahore 1316/1898–9 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 307).

(5)

¶ Minhāj al-salāmah, on the fundamental doctrines of S̲h̲īʿism: Lahore[1901°] (286 pp.).

(6)

Mīzān al-aʿmāl, on the weighing of actions on the Day of Judgemnet, abridged from the relevant passages in the Lawāmiʿ al-tanzīl of the author’s father (cf. pl. i no. 49 (15), Add. ad loc.) and completed in 1316/1898: Lahore 1316/1899 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 358).

§ 566. ʿAbbās-qulī K̲h̲ān “Sipihr [al-t̲h̲ānī]” (cf. pl. i Add. no. 191 last line, no. 309 and Add. ad loc., no. 447) died in 1340/1921–2 or 1341/1922–3 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 102).

Burhān al-nubuwwah, dedicated to Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh: Ṭihrān 1305/1887–8 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 102 no. 330; Mus̲h̲ār i 222).

§ 567. S̲h̲. Jalāl al-Dīn M. b. Abī Turāb S̲h̲īrāzī Marw-Das̲h̲t̲ī, a preacher and mudarris at Mas̲h̲had, died at Karbalāʾ on 20 Ṣafar 1341/12 October 1922.

Lamaʿāt al-nūr fī kaifīyat al-ẓuhūr, on the Mahdi, begun in 1330/1912 and divided into five lamʿahs: Mas̲h̲had v p. 160 no. 693 (308 foll., mostly autograph).

§ 568. S̲h̲. Faḍl Allāh b. M. Ḥasan Nūrī died at Karbalāʾ in 1345/1926 (see pl. iv no. 238 supra).

Suʾāl u jawāb, a S̲h̲īʿite catechism: Bombay [1893°] (84 pp.).

§ 569. S. Mahdī Qazwīnī³⁷ Kāẓimainī.

Hudā ’l-munṣifīn ilā ’l-ḥaqq al-mubīn, anti-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ī polemic, completed in 1335/1917: Najaf 1342/1923–4 (Mashhad iv p. 364).

§ 570. S̲h̲. M. Ridā S̲h̲arīʿat-madār [Dāmg̲h̲ānī?] died in 1346/1927–8 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 16²).

(1)

But-parastī u Masīḥīyat i kunūnī, a translation of M. Ṭāhir Tanīr [vocalization?] Bairūtī’s al-Wat̲h̲anīyah wa-’l-Naṣrānīyah: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 15 ult., Tihrān ahs1304/1925–6 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 284).

(2)

Usūl i dīn: Tihrān 1319/1901–2 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 281).

§ 571. S̲h̲. ʿAlī b. Mahdī Lāhījānī Tihrānī died in 1346/1927–8.

Irs̲h̲ād al-muslimīm fī aḥkām al-dīn, completed in 1317/1899: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 522 no. 2542, Tihrān 1317/1899–1900 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 276 no. 112).

¶ § 572. S̲h̲. ʿAlī b. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn Māzandarānī Ḥāʾirī died in 1346/1927–8.

Inṣāfīyah, a summary of S̲h̲īʿite doctrines (uṣūl al-dīn) in five maṭlabs: Place? 1317/1899–1900 (D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 399 no. 1599); [Bombay] 1323/1905°* (Muẓaffarī Pr. 135 pp.).

§ 573. S̲h̲. Abū ’l-Ḥasan b. M. Daulatābādī Marandī Najafī died in 1349/1930–1 or 1352/1933–4.

Ṣawāʿiq i muḥriqah, traditions relating to the last days (malāḥim u ʿalāʾim i ẓuhūr) with a denunciation of the Wahhābīs for demolishing the tombs in al-Baqīʿ: Tihrān 1344/1925–6 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 288).

§ 574. S̲h̲. Ahmad b. M. ʿAlī b. M. Kāẓim S̲h̲āhrūdī was born in 1282/1865–6 and died 15 Muḥ. 1350/2 June 1931.

(1)

Ḥaqq al-mubīn, a detailed refutation of Bahāʾism: D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 37 no. 189, Tihrān 1334/1916 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 305).

(2)

Izālat al-auhām fī ’l-radd ʿalā yanābīʿ al-Islām, a reply to a Christian polemical work. Edition: 1344/1925–6 (D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 528 penult.).

(3)

Madanīyat al-Islām rūḥ al-tamaddun, completed in 1346/1928: Najaf 1346/1928 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 348).

(4)

Mirʾāt al-ʿārifīn fī rafʿ s̲h̲ubahāt al-mubṭilīn, on prophetship, completed at Mas̲h̲had in 1339/1920–1: Tihrān 1343/1924–5 (together with the same author’s anti-Bahāʾī works Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn fī dafʿ s̲h̲ubahāt al-mubṭilīn (cf. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 299) and Īqāẓ al-nāʾimīn (cf. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 284), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 349).

§ 575. Sh. ʿAbd Allāh b. M. Ḥasan Māmaqānī died at Najaf in 1351/1932–3 (see pl. iv no. 240 supra).

al-Saif al-battār fī dafʿ s̲h̲ubahāt al-kuffār, in Arabic.

Persian translation Tarjama i Saif al-b., composed in 1343/1924–5 by Mīrzā Yahyā b. Rahīm Riḍāʾīyāʾī (Urūmiyaʾī): Najaf 1345/1926–7 (Mas̲h̲shad iv p. 297).

§ 576. S̲h̲. M. Bāqir “Ṣāfī” b. M. Ḥasan b. Asad Allāh Jāzārī Qāʾinī Bīrjandī died on 14 D̲h̲ī Ḥijjah 1352/30 March 1934.

(1)

Bug̲h̲yat al-ṭālib fī-man raʾā ’l-Imām al-G̲h̲āʾib: Mas̲h̲had 1342/1923–4 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 133 no. 449, Mas̲h̲had v p. 242 no. 371).

(2)

Nūr al-maʿrifah, on S̲h̲īʿite beliefs, completed in 1314/1897 and divided into a muqaddamah, four quṭbs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had v p. 198 no. 765 (ah 1314/1897, not autograph).

¶ § 577. S. M.Ras̲h̲īd Riḍā, b. 1282/1865, d. 23 Jumādā i 1354/23 august 1935 (see Brockelmann iii pp. 321–3).

al-Waḥy al-Muḥammadī, in Arabic

Persian translation. Waḥy i Muḥammadī, prepared by M. ʿAlī K̲h̲alīlī: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 146, Tihrān ahs 1317/1938–9 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 362).

§ 578. S. M. ʿAṣṣār died at Mas̲h̲had on 9 Muḥarram 1356/22 March 1937 (see pl. i Add. ad no. 48 [48h], etc.).

(1)

Ḥujaj al-Riḍawīyah, completed in 1341/1922 as a supplement to ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar b. Rajab-ʿAlī Yazdī Ardakānī’s al-Hadīyah al-Mahdawīyah fī radd al-ṭāʾifat al-Bābīyah (see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 364, pl. iv no. 698 infra): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 92 no. 546 (131 foll).

(2)

Mawāhib al-Riḍawīyah fī dafʿ al-s̲h̲ubahāt al-maqūlah wa-’l-manwīyah (beg. ai farzand i arjmand), on the prophetship of Muḥammad: Mas̲h̲had iv pp. 261–2 nos. 1046 (37 foll. ah 1341/1922–3, autograph), 1047 (ah 1342/1923–4).

Edition: Tihrān 1343/1924–5 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 358).

(3)

Pāsuk̲h̲-nāmah, answers to twenty-one religions and theological questions (in verse according to D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 196): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 37 no. 382 (163 foll. ah 1333/1915, autograph).

(4)

Risālah dar radd i Qādiyānī, completed in 1342/1923–4: Mas̲h̲had Iv p. 128 no. 652 (8 foll. autograph).

(5)

Tauḥīd i Kamālī, ostensibly by the author’s father-in-law M. Karīm al-tājir al-Ṭihrānī known as Ṣābūnī, in the form of discussions between his son Āqā Kamāl and the latter’s teacher, with a second part entitled Ak̲h̲lāq i Kamālī: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 485 no. 2169, i p. 376 penult., Ṭihrān 1340/1921–2 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl.1, ptd. bks., no. 16).

§ 579. S̲h̲. Ḥusain b. ʿAbd al-ʿAlī³⁸ Tabrīzī, known as Tūtūnūc̲h̲ī, was born in 1290/1873.

(1)

Hidāyat al-anām ilā ḥaqīqat al-īmān, in at least two parts ((1) God, (2) Prophetship) of which the second was completed in 1342/1923–4: Vol. i, Tabrīz 1338/1919–20, Vol. ii, place? date? (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 363).

(2)

Izālat al-wasāwis wa-’l-auhām ʿan quds sāḥat al-Islām, completed in 1346/1927 as a reply to the Mīzān al-ḥaqq [of Pfander] and the Yanābīʿ al-Islām [of Tisdall]: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 530 no. 2587, Tabrīz 1351/1932–3 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 277).

¶ § 580. S. Mahdī “Lāhūtī” b. Muṣṭafā Tafrīs̲h̲ī, entitled Badāʾiʿ-nigār, died on 1 or 2 K̲h̲urdād ahs 1320/May 1941 (cf. pl.i Add. ad no. 99 [99a] iii no. 329, iv no. 244).

Badāʾiʿ al-asrār, on the five uṣūl i ʿaqāʾid, completed in 1329/1911: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 62 no. 174(?), Tihrān 1332/1914 (with selections from the author’s dīwān on the margin. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 285).

§ 581. S̲h̲. ʿAlī b. Yūsuf Maʿṣūmī Gunābādī Bīduk̲h̲tī was born at Bīduk̲h̲t, near Gunābād, ahs 1262/1883–4.

ʿUnwān al-barāhīn al-jalīyah, a refutation of the heretical beliefs of the Naturalists, S̲h̲aik̲h̲īs, Ak̲h̲bārīs, Bābīs and Ṣūfīs, including the ideas of Mullā ʿAlī b. Sulṭān-ʿAlī Gunābādī and his grandson Ṣāliḥ ʿAlī-S̲h̲āh: Maʿārif ii 305 (170 foll. autograph).

§ 582. S. M.Hās̲h̲im b. ʿAbd Allāh Mūsawī Ṭassūjī was born at Kūs̲h̲k-sarāy i Marand and was alive when his work was published. For his Ṣawāb al-k̲h̲iṭāb see pl. iv no. 250 supra.

Majālis al-uṣūl, 360 majālis on theological, ethical and other subjects: Tabrīz 1346/1927–8 (appararently vol. i, containing 151 majālis on tauḥīd and nubuwwat. Mas̲h̲had v p. 313).

§ 583. S̲h̲. Ḥabīb Allāh b. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn Mahdawī Qummī Zīwānī,³⁹ b. 1289/1872 at Qum, d. 1359/1840, is the author of a commentary on the first faṣl of the Jāmiʿ al-ak̲h̲bār (pl. iv no. 292 supra).

(1)

Majālis, 41 sermons on various subjects: Mas̲h̲had v p. 161 no. 695 (ah 1326/1908, autograph).

(2)

Najāt al-ummah fī maʿrifat al-aʾimmah, on the merits of the Imāms and the demerits of their opponents, vol. i completed on 2 S̲h̲awwāl 1341/18 May 1923 and divided into majālis: Mas̲h̲had v p. 196 no. 762 (vol i 183 foll. autograph).

§ 584. S̲h̲. ʿAbbās Qummī (cf. pl. i no. 1662, Add. ad loc. [where Raiḥānat al-adab iii should be read], etc.).

Manāzil al-āk̲h̲irah, on death and the next world, completed at Mas̲h̲had in 1347/1928 9: Najaf 1353/1934–5 (Murtaḍawī Pr. See Mas̲h̲had v p. 330).

¶ § 585. S. M. ʿAlī Gulistānah Mūsawī S̲h̲īrāzī died on 16 Ramaḍān 1361/27 september 1942.

Tuḥfat al-Imāmīyah, on the uṣūl i ʿaqāʾi: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 421 no. 1516, Bombay 1340–1/1921–3 (Vol i. Nādirī Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 244).

§ 586. S̲h̲. ʿAlī Akbar “Faqīr” b. Mūsā Nūqānī K̲h̲urāsānī Jalāyir was born in 1301/1883–4 at Mas̲h̲had, where he became a well-known lecturer on law and theology.

Sih maqālah i Nūqānī, an exposition of Islamic beliefs with a refutation of Christian and materialist ideas, completed in 1349/1930–1: Mas̲h̲had 1349/1930–1 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 319).

§ 587. Hibat al-Dīn S. M. ʿAlī b. Ḥusain S̲h̲ahristānī was born at Sāmarrāʾ on 24 Rajab 1301/20 May 1884 (see Brockelmann Sptbd ii p. 807, pl. ii no. 175).

Tauḥīd ahl al-tauḥīd, in Arabic (cf. Brockelmann). Edition: 1341/1922–3 (D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 484).

Persian translation: Tauḥīd i ahl i tauḥīd, prepared by S. Ṣādiq Nas̲h̲ʾat: Tihrān ahs 1314/1935 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 299).

§ 588. S. Aḥmad b. M. Jaʿfar Mūsawī Jazāʾirī S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī, a descendant in the eighth generation from S. Niʿmat Allāh Jazāʾirī (for whom see Browne Lit. Hist. iv pp. 360–7), was born in 1307/1889–90.

Tanbīh al-jāhilīn fī uṣūl al-dīn: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 441 penult., Bombay 1340/1921–2 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 546).

§ 589. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn Nūrī known as (maʿrūf bi-) Ḥammāmī (from his father’s occupation).

Irg̲h̲ām al-s̲h̲aiṭān, anti-Bābī polemic, composed in 1342/1923–4: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 524 no. 2556, Ṭihrān 1342/1923–4 (Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl.1, ptd. bks., no. 6).

§ 590. S. M., known as Mis̲h̲kāt, b. ʿAlī Husainī Bīrjandī, was a Professor in the University of Tihrān.

Kalimat al-tauhīd li-rafʿ al- tardīd, composed in 1342/1923–4: Tihrān 1344/1925–6 (followed by the same author’s Arabic Mis̲h̲kāt al-asrār fī ḥall ʿuqad al-asfār, a commentary on Ṣadrā’s Asfār, Vol. i, Manhaj 2, Faṣl 3. See Mas̲h̲had iv pp. 342, 350).

§ 591. S. Ḥusain b. Naṣr Allāh Mūsawī Urūmī ʿArab-Bāg̲h̲ī, resident at Riḍāʾīyah (Urūmiyah), has already been mentioned in this survey (cf. pl. iv no. 260 ¶ supra). For his translation of (Waṣīyat al-Imām Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq), see under no. 278(3) supra.

(1)

Dalāʾil i Qurʾānī dar radd i maqālah i Hamadānī, a reply to a tract in which Mīrzā Ismāʿīl, Principal of the American school at Hamadān, sought to prove the reliability of the Old Testament and the Gospels in their current form: D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 252, Riḍāʾīyah⁴⁰ 1345/1926–7 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 308).

(2)

Ḥuqūq al-Islām, translations of traditions dar maḥāsin u ḥuqūq i mutabādilah completed in 1358/1939 [sic?]⁴¹: [Persia] (followed by the same authorʾs Nawāhī ’l-Islām, Aḥkām al-Islām, Maḥḍ al-Islām and Ādāb al-Islām, Mas̲h̲had v p. 262 nos. 501–3, where the date of publication is not mentioned).

(3)

Maqālah i radd bar Masīḥī, a reply to a Christian who argued from the Āyat al-Kursī that Christ was an intercessor (shafīʿ) for all peoples, completed in 1345/1927: Tabrīz (date? Mas̲h̲had iv p. 355).

(4)

Tuḥfat al-Mahdīyah fī aḥwāl al-Ḥujjah, a detailed account of the Mahdī in twelve bābs:⁴² Tabrīz 1335/1916–17 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 475 no. 1748), [Tihrān?] 1365/1946 (Followed by the same author’s Tuḥfat al-S̲h̲īʿah and Masālik al-s̲h̲arīʿah. Mas̲h̲had v p. 246 nos. 390–1).

(5)

Tuḥfat al-S̲h̲īʿah fī rajʿat al-aʾimmah, completed in 1329/1911: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 446 no. 1616, [Tihrān?] 1365/1946 (see Tuḥfat al-Mahdīyah above).

§ 592. M. Mahdī Najafī Kas̲h̲mīrī.

K̲h̲iṣāl al-S̲h̲īʿah: D̲h̲ariʿah vii p. 162 no. 876, Lahore 1327/1909* (Faiḍ i ʿāmm Pr. 68 pp.).

§ 593. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn K̲h̲ān b. M. Karīm K̲h̲ān Kirmānī (see pl. iv no. 232 supra).

(1)

Ṣawāʿiq al-burhān, anti Bahāʾī polemic in refutation of the Dalāʾil al-ʿirfān of Ḥaidar ʿAlī Iṣfahānī: Tabrīz 1331/1913 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 327).

(2)

Suʾālāt i Aḥmadī, answers to theological questions from Mīrzā Aḥmad S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Islām Bihbahānī, completed in 1333/1915 (?) (date misprinted 1233 in the Mas̲h̲had cat.): Tabrīz 1337/1918–19 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 317).

(3)

¶ Tanzīh al-anbiyāʾ, completed in 1335/1917: Tabrīz 1344/1925–6 (followed by Risālah i tamyīz al-auṣiyāʾ and ajwibat al-masāʾil. See Mas̲h̲had iv p. 482).

§ 594. S̲h̲. M. Āqā Turk Karafsī.

Kas̲h̲f al-sitrah fī ḥadīt̲h̲ al-fatrah, on the Hidden Imām: Tihrān 1349/1930–1 (ʿIlmī Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 305).

§ 595. G̲h̲ulām-Riḍā “Ras̲h̲īd” Yāsamī (see pl. i no. 1237, Add. ad loc., ii no. 311).

Milal u niḥal, lectures delivered in ahs 1315/1936–7 at the Preachers’ College (Bungāh i Waʿẓ u K̲h̲iṭābah): Tihrān ahs1315/1937 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 356).

§ 596. Muʿīn al-wāʿiẓīn ʿAbbās ʿAlī [b. ʿAlī Muḥammad Jauratānī] Iṣfahānī Muʿīnī Ḥusainī.

Fawāʾid al-ṣalawāt wa-ʿawāʾid al-taḥīyat, on the advantages of invoking blessings on the Prophet and his family, completed in 1352/1934: Iṣfahān 1352/1934 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 298).

§ 597. S̲h̲. M. al-Ḥusain Āl Kās̲h̲if al-G̲h̲iṭāʾ Najafī.

[Aḥsan al-wadīʿah ii pp. 107–8, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 802.]

Aṣl al-S̲h̲īʿah wa-uṣūluhā, in Arabic: D̲h̲arīʿah ii p. 169, Ṣaidāʾ 1351/1932–3, 1355/1936 (2nd augmented ed).

Persian translation: Rīs̲h̲ah i S̲h̲īʿah u pāyah-hā-yi ān, prepared by ʿAlī Riḍā K̲h̲usrawānī: Tihrān ahs 1317/1938–9 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 316).

§ 598. Jalāl Durrī [vocalization?].

C̲h̲ahār s̲h̲ab i jumʿah, discussions with a Bahāʾī missionary, put into writing in 1352/1933–4: D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 313, Tihrān ahs 1313/1934 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 302).

§ 599. S. Asad Allāh b. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn Mīr-Salāmī K̲h̲āriqanī was living in Tihrān in 1352/1933–4. For an Arabic work by him see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 806.

Risālah i nubuwwat i k̲h̲āṣṣah: Tihrān 1352/1933–4 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 314).

§ 600. S̲h̲. Qāsim wāʿiẓ i muhājir i K̲h̲ōʾī, a well-known preacher.

Tamaddun al-Islām fī bayān falsafat al-aḥkām: [Persia] 1352/1933–4 (Vol. i, in two parts with the independent title of Tajalliyāt i Islām, Mas̲h̲had iv p. 298).

¶ § 601. S. ʿAlī Naqī b. M. b. M. Mahdī Ḥusainī Sidihī Iṣfahānī, known as Faiḍ al-Islām.

Pāsuk̲h̲-nāmah i Izgilī [vocalization?],⁴³ a defence of the doctrine of rajʿat completed in 1353/1934–5 in answer to a question from ʿĪsā K̲h̲ān Izgilī [vocalization?]⁴⁴ Tihrānī: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 196, Tihrān [1936?] (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 288).

§ 602. S̲h̲. M. Riḍā b. ʿAbbās ʿAlī Ṭabasī K̲h̲urāsānī, resident in Najaf, author of al-Munyah, on the shaving of the beard (pl. iv no. 268 supra).

(1)

Miṣbāḥ al-ẓalām fī hidāyat al-anām, anti-Christian polemic, completed in1346/1927–8 at the Masdrasah i Faiḍīyah in Qum: Tihrān 1346/1927–8 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 352).

(2)

Tanbīh al-ummah fī it̲h̲bāt al-rajʿah., completed in 1323/1935: Najaf [1936] (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 298).

§ 603. Hādī b. Abū Turāb Nūrī.

al-Hādī, on the prophetship of Muḥammad, the successorship of ʿAlī, the superioriy of Islām to other religions, etc., composed in 1353/1934: Tihrān ahs 1313/1934–5 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 362).

§ 604. S̲h̲. ʿAbbās ʿAlī S̲h̲āh-rūdī.

Burhān al-S̲h̲īʿah fī it̲h̲bāt al-rajʿah: Tihrān 1354/1935–6 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 286).

§ 604a. For the Ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm of M. Jawād Qummī, see pl. iv no. 264 supra.

§ 605. S̲h̲arīf al-ʿulamāʾ S̲h̲. M. Taqī Banī Mahd[?] Langarūdī⁴⁵ is the author of an Arabic Risālah i jabr u tafwīḍ (Tihrān 1351/1932–3 see Mas̲h̲had iv p. 312).

Risālah i radd bar tanāsuk̲h̲: Tihrān ahs1317/1938–9 (77 pp. Mas̲h̲had Iv p. 313; Mus̲h̲ār i 805).

§ 606. Ibrāhīm Kitābc̲h̲iyān.

Āʾīn i rastagārī, on mabdaʾ and maʿād, jabr and tafwīḍ, the principles and social organization of Islām, etc.: Tihrān ahs 1317/1938–9 (2 vols. 456 and 504 pp. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 273. Mus̲hār i 3).

¶ § 607. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Farīd.

Islām u rajʿat, a refutation of the doctrine of rajʿat: Tihrān ahs 1318/1939–40 (Dānis̲h̲ Pr. Mas̲h̲had iv p. 280).

§ 608. S. M. Ḥusain Mūsawī S̲h̲āh-C̲h̲irāg̲h̲ī Ṭihrānī completed his Ḍiyāʾ al-lumʿah in 1360/1941 (see pl. iv no. 262 supra).

(1)

It̲h̲bāt al-s̲h̲afāʿah wa-t̲h̲amarat al-ṭāʿah, completed on 13 Ṣafar 1361/1942: Tihrān 1361/1942 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 215 no. 186.).

(2)

Tuḥfat al-Riḍawīyah, on the necessity for ḥujaj, their number and the merit and manner of performing the pilgrimage to the tomb of the T̲h̲āmin al-Ḥujaj al-Aṭhār [ʿAlī al-Riḍā], completed in 1358/1939: Tihrān 1360/1941 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 245 no. 384).

§ 609. Appendix

(1)

Āftāb: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 no. 492.

(2)

ʿAjāʾib al-g̲h̲arāʾib, by Maḥmūd b. Ṭāhir Sanjarī:⁴⁶ Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 502.

(3)

Ak̲h̲bār al-maʿād by S̲h̲. M. Mas̲h̲hadī b. Darwīs̲h̲ ʿAlī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1330 no. 497 (ah 1276/1859–60).

(4)

Anīs al-muʾminīn (beg. al-Ḥ.l ’l. ’ttaṣafa.), on S̲h̲īʿite theology, ethics, religions observations etc., in a muqaddamah, four bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah, by ʿAbd al-Karīm b. M. Walī: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1046 (50 foll. ah 1177/1763), Ethé 2606 (breaks off near and of Bāb i).

(5)

Anwār i Muḥammadī, S̲h̲. M. T’hānawī⁴⁷ (described by Arberry as “a religious tract” and in the Quarterly Catalogue (1874/4) as concerned with mysticism [which may be incorrect] and as a collection of the writing and sayings of S. Aḥmad [Rāy-Barēlawī: see pl. i no. 1387 2nd par. 2nd footnote] and his two disciples ʿAbd al-Ḥaiy [cf. pl. i no. 55] and [M.] Ismāʿīl [cf. pl. i no. 1387 2nd par. 2nd footnote.]: Meerut 1291/1874 * (Ḍiyāʾī Pr. 136 pp.).

(6)

ʿAqāʾid al-muslimīn, by Quṭb ʿAlī Mit’hun: Lindesiana p. 175 no. 672 (ah 1212/1797–8).

(7)

¶ ʿAqāʾid i dinīyah, S̲h̲īʿite, by Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn b. Sadīd Jurjānī: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 206 no. 894 (29 foll. ah 1051/1641 or 1071/1660–1, possibly the date of composition).

(8)

ʿAqāʾid i Ḥasanī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352 no. 182 (ah 1173/1759–60).

(9)

ʿAqāʾid i M b. Aḥmad al-Buk̲h̲ārī (beg. H. i bī-ḥ. t̲h̲. i bī-aʿdād * Ba-K̲h̲udāʾī kih nūr i īmān dād), metrical: Tashkent Pub. Lib. (21 foll. ah 1299/1881–2, Kahl 69(1)).

(10)

ʿAqāʾid i Sunnīyah, by K̲h̲wāhar⁴⁸ al-Dīn [sic?]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352 no. 605.

(11)

ʿAqīdah i Wahhābī, translated from the Arabic: Rieu ii 865a (foll. 24–30 Early 19th cent.), Caetani 2 (possibly not the same creed. 23 foll.).

(12)

Asrār i g̲h̲aflat, on eschatology:⁴⁹ Lucknow 1873° (n.k. 60 pp.).

(13)

Baʿd i ḥamd, metrical, on the principles of S̲h̲īʿite theology, by “Ḥāfiẓ” (“Ḥāfiẓī” according to Edwards): Lahore 1293/1876* (Saifī Pr. 16 pp.), 1293/1876* (Victoria Pr. 16 pp. with notes), 1888° (20 pp); Lucknow 1876* (12 pp.).

Cf. (Manẓūmah fī ’l-kalām) below and (Manẓūmah i Ḥāfiẓī) pl. iv no. 273(97) supra.

Commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Baʿd i ḥamd, by Walī M. Bāqir Riḍawī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 205 (ah 1247/1831–2).

(14)

Bahār i sarāpā-nigār, a religious miscellany in prose and verse, by S̲h̲. ʿAbd al-G̲h̲anī b. S̲h̲ēr ʿAlī: [Allāhābād] 1869* (pp. 40, 6).

(15)

Bahjat al-baiḍā fī it̲h̲bāt al-imāmah, by S̲h̲. M. Taqī b. M. Bāqir.⁵⁰ Edition: Persia (Date? Āṣafīyah iii p. 544).

(16)

Baṣārat al-ʿain fī it̲h̲bāt s̲h̲ahādat al-Ḥusain, by Ḥāfiẓ Abū Ismāʿīl (cf. Kās̲h̲if al-lit̲h̲ām below): 1251/1835–6 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334).

(17)

Bayān al-wāqiʿ, on mabdaʾ and maʿād: Leyden iv p. 301 nos. 2114 (ah 997/1589), 2115 (n. d.).

(18)

Bayān i timt̲h̲āl i naʿl al-Nabī, by Waṣī Aḥmad Niʿmatī: Arrah 1292/1875* (Nūr al-anwār Pr. 48 pp.).

(19)

Burhān al-ʿārifīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā … Ḥadīt̲h̲ i ṣaḥīḥ az Muḥammad i Muṣṭafā), on death, the resurrection and other matters in 17 or 23 bābs: Rehatsek p. 186 no. 18, Bānkīpūr xiv 1294 (41 foll., 19th cent.).

(20)

Bustān al-ḥaqq, by M. Zamān. Edition: 1277/1860–1 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1334 no. 453).

(21)

¶ C̲h̲ahār C̲h̲ār kitāb, well known as a Central-Asian schoolbook (see under Nām i Ḥaq, pl. iv no. 16 supra, also no. 273(24) supra): Kahl p. 39, Tashkent Univ. 9 (early 19th cent.), 10 (19th cent), 11 (ah 1289/1872–3).

(22)

Dafʿ al-hazl, by M. Hās̲h̲im Iṣfahānī: Bombay 1326/1908 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 546).

(23)

Dāfīʿ al-buhtān. See Izālat al-s̲h̲ain.

(24)

Dajjāl-nāmah (beg … īn kitāb dar bayān i āk̲h̲ir al-zamān bandah i ḍaʿīf M. Ṭ. S.), on the last days of the world, in ten chapters, by M. [b.] Ṭāhir Sanjarī, doubtless the same person as Maḥmūd b Ṭ. S., author of the ʿAjāʾib al-g̲h̲arāʾib mentioned above: Blochet i 74 (22 foll. ah 1196/1781).

(25)

Dalīl al-najāt, by S. Mīr Ḥusainī. Edition: 1286/1869–70 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340).

(26)

Ḍarb al-mathālib, by S. Ṣadr al-Dīn Aḥmad. Edition: 1308/1890–1 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350).

(27)

Ḍarūrīyat i mad̲h̲ab i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arī, by M b. Abī Ṭālib Astarābādī: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 209 (ah 1220/1805–6).

(28)

D̲h̲ak̲h̲īrat al-Islām fī tanqiyat al-īmān (Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. mar Munʿimī rā), on prevalent heresies and illegal customs in two bābs (each subdivided into six faṣls) and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bānkīpūr xiv 1295 (47 foll. 19th cent.).

(29)

al-Durar wa-’l-g̲h̲urar (so in the colophon, on miscellaneous theological, legal and ethical subjects in fifty nine Bābs ((2) fī ’l-maʿrifah, (3) fī ’l-tawakkul, (59) fī ṣifat al-Jannah): Berlin 189^a (acephalous 229 foll. ah 895/1490).

(30)

Futūḥ al-ʿaqāʾid, by Abū ’l-Majīd ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: Barēlī [1870*] (Ṣiddīqī Pr. 28 pp.).

(31)

Guldastah i ʿaqāʾid, by Ajīr al-Dīn M. “Midḥat” b. Ẓahīr al-Dīn Aḥmad, author of the collection of chronograms entitled Riyāḍ al-nūr: Lucknow 1295/1878° (16 pp.); Āgrah 1295/1878* (Anwarī Pr. 15 pp.).

(32)

Hadīyah i Aḥmadīyah radd⁵¹ i mubtadaʿāt i Najdīyah, by Muḥibb Aḥmad (cf. no. (143) below): Āgrah [1870] (Ilāhī Pr. 32 pp.).

(33)

Hadīyah i Rasūlīyah,⁵² an anonymous attack on the views of M. Ismāʿīl Dihlawī (for whom see pl. i no. 1387 2nd par. 2nd footnote): Lahore 1847° (Tuḥfah i Rasūlīyah u Hadīyah i R., followed by the Tuḥfah i Rasūlīyah of G̲h̲ulām-Muḥyī ’l-Dīn Qaṣūrī, for which see pl. i no. 260 (a) (33)) 76 pp.); [1871*] (Muḥammadī Pr. A similar edition 76 pp).

(34)

Ḥāfiẓ i īmān az fitnah i Qādīyān, anti-Aḥmadī polemic, by M. Pīr-bak̲h̲s̲h̲: Lahore 1925* (Karīmī Pr. 48 pp.).

(35)

¶ Hazār masʾalah (beg. usually al-Ḥ. l. Dar k̲h̲abar ast az Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh i Anṣārī), questions “from the Taurāt, the Zabūr and the Injīl” introduced normally with the words Dīgar k̲h̲abar dih mā-rā and relating to “cosmogony, eschatology, religious and moral philosophy, Biblical and other legends, etc.” (Ivanow), said to have been posed by the learned few ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām⁵³ and answered by Muḥammad, a work of popular theology existing in more than one version (cf. Sirāj al-qulūb, no. (130) below) in several Islamic languages:⁵⁴ Hamburg 148 (acephalous 50 foll. ah 1024/1615), Ivanow 1008 (ah 1082/1671–2), 1009 (ah 1176/1762–3), 1770 (defective at both ends. 59 ṣifats. Sirāj al-qulūb?), Curzon 732(2) (Hazār masʾalah i Naṣārā, acephalous, beg. Dīgar k̲h̲abar dih marā [not mā-rā] kih c̲h̲ūn az ān dirak̲h̲t k̲h̲wurd. Circ. 1260/1844), Ethé ii 3058(1) (Hazār masāʾil. 30 foll. ah 1139/1727), Ethé 2625 (defective at end. Only 157 questions), Berlin 27(5) (ah 1238/1822–3), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 171 (Hazār masāʾil).

(36)

Ḥifẓ al-īmān: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338 no. 505 (M S̲h̲āh’s 26t̲h̲ yr [i.e. 1156–7/1743–4]).

(37)

Ḥujjat, a refutation by G̲h̲ulām M. Mahdī, called Majd al-Daulah i T̲h̲ānī, of the belief that the descendants of the Prophet are themselves prophets: Madrās 1332/1914* (Ḥaidarī Pr. 12 pp.).

(38)

Hujjat al-Islām, a defence of orthodox, especially Ḥanafī, Islām, by Muftī ʿAbd al-G̲h̲ayūr Pas̲h̲āwarī: Delhi [1878*] (Hindu Pr. 56 pp.).

(39)

Ḥujjat al-S̲h̲īʿah ʿalā muk̲h̲ribī ’l-s̲h̲arīʿah, on the doctrine of the Imāmate, by S. Yūsuf ʿAlī K̲h̲ān Ḥusainī: Lūd’hiyānah 1289/1872* (Majmaʿ al-baḥrain Pr. 103 pp.).

(40)

Iʿjāz i Muḥammadī, by M. Mujīb: Place? Date? (see ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 2).

(41)

Ikmāl al-īmān, metrical, by ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq C̲h̲is̲h̲tī: Lahore 1316/1898° (172 pp.).

(42)

al-Iʿlām [or al-Aʿlām] fī naṣb al-imām: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1332 no. 161 (ah 1210/1795–6).

(43)

Ilqām al-khaṣm bi-’l-ḥajar fī nidāʾ al-aʾimmah al-It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲ar [sic], a defence of the S̲h̲īʿite doctrine of the Imāms, by M. Jaʿfar Ḥāʾirī: Jaunpūr 1910* (Kāẓimī Pr. 115 pp.).

(44)

Imdād al-Islām, a reply to Hindu attacks: lith. India (Mus̲h̲ār i 148).

(45)

¶ Imlā-yi g̲h̲arīb, anon., on the precedence of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar: [Lucknow] 1294/1877* (ʿAlawī Pr. 17 pp cf. ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 32).

(46)

Intibāh al-muʾminīn “religious tract”, by M. Qāsim Wālā: [Delhi?] 1284/1867* (Aḥmadī Pr. 24 pp).

(47)

Irg̲h̲ām ānāf al-k̲h̲uṣūm, a refutation of Sunnī traditions which state that ʿAlī married his daughter Umm Kult̲h̲ūm to ʿUmar, whereas the Umm Kult̲h̲ūm in question was the daughter of Abū Bakr, by an anonymous S̲h̲īʿite, who extracted these chapters from his own Lahab al-nīrān, itself a reply to a work entitled Ṭaʿn al-sinān: Bombay 1296/1879 (Muḥammadī Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 224).

(48)

Irs̲h̲ād al-ad̲h̲ān, on ʿaqāʾid, by M. Ṣādiq b. M.: Tabrīz 1281/1865 (122 foll. See Karatay p. 130. Cf. D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 510 no. 2508, which refers apparently to an Indian edition).

(49)

Iṣlāḥ al-mafāsid bi-tardīd hafawāt al-bāg̲h̲iḍ al-ḥāsid, a reply by Fatḥ-Muḥammad Ṣag̲h̲īr to a certain M. Faiḍ al-Karīm: Lahore [1911*] (Islamiyah Steam Pr. 27 pp.).

(50)

al-Istīlāʾ ʿalā l-Iḥtiwāʾ, a refutation by Abū Muhammad Ḥabīb Allāh Pas̲h̲āwarī (cf. pl. iv no. 273(62) supra) of the Urdu work Iḥtiwā [presumably Iḥtiwā ʿalā masʾalat al-istiwā, on the ʿars̲h̲ or Throne of God, by Ṣiddīq Ḥasan K̲h̲ān⁵⁵ for which see Blumhardt’s i.o. cat. of Hindustani books p. 242]: Lahore 1875* (Muṣṭafāʾī Pr. 88 pp.).

(51)

al-Istiwāʾ ʿalā ’l-Istīlāʾ, presumably a rejoinder to no. (50) above, by G̲h̲ulām-Muḥammad K̲h̲ān: Lucknow 1878 (n.k. 110 pp.).

(52)

It̲h̲bāt al-k̲h̲ilāfah bi-’l-Qurʾān wa-iskāt al-munkirīn bi-’l-burhān, by M. ʿAẓīm ʿAẓīmābādī: Lucknow 1289/1872* (ʿAlawī Pr. 16 pp).

(53)

It̲h̲bāt al-nubuwwah (beg. St. u sp. i kaihān K̲h̲āliq al-Nās rā), of unknown authorship: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 1, mss., no. 11 (117 foll.).

(54)

It̲h̲bāt al-Wājib (beg. Ḥ. i mutawātir farāk̲h̲war i Maʿbūdī-st), dedicated by Yūsuf ʿAlī to Sulṭān S̲h̲āh.. [left blank] Bahādur K̲h̲ān: Bodleian 1797 (24 foll.).

(55)

It̲h̲bāt al-ẓafar fī ʿaẓamat muʿjizat s̲h̲aqq al-qamar, by S. Aḥmad ʿAlī b. M. Jān Rāmpūrī: Madrās 1280/1863* (Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib Pr. 37 pp.).

(56)

It̲h̲bāt i ḥaqīqat, an anonymous refutation of objections to the teachings of Mīr M. ʿAlī [presumably M. ʿAlī Ṣadrpūrī, ¶ for whom see pl. i no. 1387 1st footnote] and S. Aḥmad [doubtless S.A. Rāy-Barēlawī, for whom see pl. i no. 1387 3rd footnote], edited by ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī: [Chinsurah?]⁵⁶ 1245/1830* (Aḥmadī Pr. 124 pp.).

(57)

Iṭṭilāʿ [sic] al-ik̲h̲wān ʿalā zallāt Muḥammad ʿAlī K̲h̲ān, a defence by Munawwar ʿAlī of M. Ḥusain and M. Nāẓir against the criticisms of M. ʿA. K̲h̲.: Calcutta [1905*] (Riḍwānī Pr. 23 pp.).

(58)

Izālat al-auhām, by Raḥmat Allāh:⁵⁷ Delhi 1269/1852–3 (Saiyid al-maṭābīʿ. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. Ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 11).

(59)

Izālat al-ʿillah wa-izāḥat al-ik̲h̲tilāf mulaqqab bah Jawāb i bā-ṣawāb, a controversial tract by S. ʿAlī-Riḍā ʿAẓīmābādī: ʿAẓīmābād [i.e. Patnah] 1294/1877* (Muḥammadī Pr. 80 pp).

(60)

Izālat al-k̲h̲aṭāʾ fī radd Kas̲h̲f al-g̲h̲iṭāʾ, by G̲h̲ulām Rabbānī: place? 1281/1864–5 (Rangīn Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. Ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 9), Meerut 1867† (Muḥibb i Kis̲h̲war i Hind Pr. 122 pp.).

(61)

Izālat al-s̲h̲ain fī radd nifāq al-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ain min al-Ṣaḥīḥain, mulaqqab bah Dāfiʿ al-buhtān, a refutation by Sikandar Yār of the view of M.-Qulī that Abū Bakr and ʿUmar were hypocrites: Delhi [1879*] (Nuṣrat al-maṭābīʿ, 8 pp.).

(62)

Iẓhār al-ḥaqq,⁵⁸ edited (murattabah) by Mirzā Ibrāhīm b. M. ʿAlī S̲h̲īrāzī [called “C̲h̲īnī” according to Arberry, who names him as the author rather than the editor. v.s.]: Ḥaidarābād (Dkn) 1280/1863–4 (Maḥmūdī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 16), Bombay 1345/1926* (Muẓaffarī Pr.).

(63)

Jang i haftād u dū millat: see under Tad̲h̲kirat al-ʿaqāʾid below.

(64)

Jawāb i bā-ṣawāb: see Izālat al-ʿillah.

(65)

Jazirah i k̲h̲aḍrā u Bahr i abyaḍ: D̲h̲arīʿah v p. 105, [Lucknow 1884°] (24 pp.).

(66)

Kanz al-dalāʾil, dar mad̲h̲hab i Mahdawīyah:⁵⁹ Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 178 (ah 1242/1826–7).

(67)

Kanz al-rumūz. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 499.

(68)

Kas̲h̲f al-asrār (al-Ḥ. l. ’l. jaʿalanā), anti-Sunnite polemic on the Imamate, by an anonymous author, apparently of the 19th century: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 221 no. 934 (66 foll.).

(69)

Kas̲h̲f al-maʿād (beg. Rabbanā innaka jāmiʿ al-nās), probably by the unidentified author of the Kas̲h̲f al-asrār recorded above (no. (68)): Mas̲h̲had iv p. 225 no. 944 (28 foll.).

(70)

¶ Kās̲h̲if al-lit̲h̲ām ʿan tadlīs al-mujtahid al-qamqām, by Ḥāfiẓ Abū Ismāʿīl (cf. Baṣārat al-ʿain above): Āṣafīyah ii p. 1325 no. 567.

Edition: 1251/1835–6 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1352).

(71)

(K̲h̲aṭīʾat al-aʾimmah): see Risālah i Yūḥannā.

(72)

K̲h̲azīnat al-fuqahāʾ (?) (so on fol. 1a only in pencil. Beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. ammā sp. u st. mar K̲h̲udāy-rā [kih] ba-tadbīr i ḥikmat i azalī), an anonymous work on religious duties: Upsala Zetterstéen 375 (140 foll. ah 1293/1876–7).

(73)

K̲h̲ilʿat al-Hunūd, jawāb i Tuḥfat al-Islām,⁶⁰ by But-s̲h̲ikan [evidently a pseudonym]: [Barēlī?]⁶¹ 1281/1864 (Ṣiddīqī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 6, p. 38 no. 28).

(74)

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-Islām (beg. Ḥ. u. sp. u t̲h̲. i bī-q. K̲h̲udāwandī rā kih majmūʿ), a short Ḥanafī work in twenty-two bābs on religious duties and observances by Ismāʿīl b. Luṭf Allāh al-Bāk̲h̲arzī, who wrote also the Miftāḥ al-k̲h̲airāt (no. (90) below) and the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-lug̲h̲āt (Rieu ii 508b, transcribed in 1076/1664, 509a etc.): Rieu ii 807b (17th cent.), Būhār 129 (ah 1179/1765. Full description), Princeton 451 (ah 1229/1814).

(75)

Kifāyat al-muwaḥḥidīn, on S̲h̲īʿite doctrine, by Ismāʿīl b. Aḥmad ʿAkawī: [Ṭihrān] 1300–4/1883–6° (3 vols.).

(76)

Kilk i durar-silk, S̲h̲īʿite religious and moral reflections, by Jahāngīr b. Āg̲h̲ā K̲h̲ān: Bombay 1313/1895° (16 pp.).

(77)

Lawāmiʿ al-ilhām li-dafʿ al-auhām, by Aḥmad Ḥusain b. M. Laṭīf Mac̲h̲hlī-s̲h̲ahrī:⁶² ʿAlīgaṛh [?] 1279/1863 (ʿAlīgaṛh Press Muns̲h̲ī Nawal Kis̲h̲ōr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd bks p. 37 no. 5).

(78)

Mafātīḥ al-maṭālib fī k̲h̲ilāfat ʿAlī [b. Abī Ṭālib], on the S̲h̲īʿite doctrine of the Caliphate, by Iʿjāz Ḥusain: [Amrōhah] 1319/1902°*⁶³ (Riyāḍī Pr. Vol. i 564 pp.).

(79)

Majmaʿ al-maʿārif, on death, Heaven and Hell, by M. S̲h̲afīʿ b. M. Ṣāliḥ. See pl. iv no. 339(19) supra.

(80)

Manhaj al-sālikīn, a catechism, in Arabic, on S̲h̲īʿite theology and ritual law, by M. ʿAlī Baḥrānī, not in Brockelmann.

Persian translation: Tarjamah i k. i M. al-s.: Bombay 1344/1926* (Muẓaffarī Pr. 83 pp).

(81)

¶ Manẓar i Muḥammadī, by S. Iqbāl ʿAlī “Baḥr” Qādirī Bihārī: 1292/1875 (Anwār i Muḥammadī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 3).

(82)

(Manẓūmah fī ’l kalām) (beg. Baʿd i ḥamd i K̲h̲udā wa naʿt i Rasūl Bi-s̲h̲nū īn nuktah rā ba-samʿ i qabūl), a metrical tract treating of God, the angels, the Prophets, destiny, death, the day of resurrection, etc.: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2253 (foll. 8b–17b. 18th cent.).

This may be the work entered already under Baʿd i ḥamd (no. (13) above). The beginning agrees with that of the Iʿtiqād-nāmah ascribed to Jāmī (pl. iv no. 369 supra).

(83)

Maqālat i ahl i ʿālam. See Tad̲h̲kirat al-ʿaqāʾid below.

(84)

Maʿrifat al-mad̲h̲āhib (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-Maḥmūd al-Ṭāhir), a very brief account of the seventy-three Islamic sects in seven faṣls, by Maḥmūd [b.?] Ṭāhir G̲h̲azzālī called Niẓām [al-Dīn presumably], of the Madrasah i Jalālī: Ethé 1920(11) (foll. 289–92 ah 1055/1645), 2549 (foll. 118–25. ah 1137/1725), 2548 (9 foll., defective at end), Ivanow Curzon 399(1) (ah 1113/1701), Edinburgh 371 (4 foll. Late 18th cent.), Madrās ii 553 (ah 1254/1838), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 4 nos. 4, 6, Āṣafīyah i p. 474 no. 112(?), ii p. 1540 no. 100.

(85)

Masāʾil i ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām. See Hazār masʾalah.

(86)

Masāʾil i ʿas̲h̲arah, by Qāḍī ʿAbd al-Rasūl: Bombay [1893°] (24 pp).

(87)

(Masāʾil i Qāḍī Quṭb), or (Risālah i Qāḍī Quṭb), or (Nusk̲h̲ah i Q. Q.) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. … Masʾalah Bi-dān-kih īmān iqrār kardan ast ba-zabān), a brief statement of Islāmic beliefs, by Quṭb al-Dīn M. b. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn ʿAlī: Ivanow 1049 (ah 1144/1731–2), Lindesiana p. 172 no. 241 f(circ. ad 1790), Ethé 2627 (ah 1209/1794–5).

Editions: Delhi 1286/1869°* (R. i Q.Q. 8 pp.), Lahore [1871?*] (R.i Q.Q. 12 pp.); 1342/1924* (N.i Q.Q. 8 pp.); [1926*] (N. i Q.Q. 8 pp.), and doubtless many others. According to Ivanow (1049) this work differs only slightly in wording from the Kifāyat al-ʿibād (Ivanow 1048, Ethé 2601–2).

Commentary: Wasīlat al-īmān, by M. Yaḥyā (Nūr M.):⁶⁴ Īḍāḥ al-maknūn ii col. 706, Lahore [1891°] (Mujtabāʾī Pr., with ʿAlī Riḍā Bag̲h̲dādī’s Badāʾiʿ i manẓūm, on prayer, etc., on the margin 120 pp.).

(88)

Maẓāhir al-maqāṣid: see Saif i Nāṣirī.

(89)

Maẓhar al-ḥaqq, on Islamic theology, by M. b. Jaʿfar Ḥusainī: Madrās 1268/1852* (Jāmiʿ al-ak̲h̲bār Pr. 130 pp.).

(90)

¶ Miftāḥ al-k̲h̲airāt (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R.al-ʿā … Bi-dān ai birādar i dīn), a short tract, divided into masʾalahs and bayāns, on the essential points of Islamic theology and law by Ismāʿīl b. Luṭf Allāh al-Bāk̲h̲arzī, the author of the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-Islām (no. (74) above): Bānkīpūr xvii 1664 (19th cent.). Bodleian 1777 (10 foll. N.d.).

(91)

Minhāj al-Islām, by M. Karāmat ʿAlī. Edition: place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356).

(92)

Mirʾāt al-uk̲h̲rā (beg. Ḥ. ast mar K̲h̲udāy-rā kih buzurgī), translated by S̲h̲. M. G̲h̲anī b. ʿAbd al-G̲h̲afūr from an Arabic work [of the same title?] by S̲h̲. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Gujrātī: Bodleian 1793 (foll. 14–121. Not later than 18th cent.).

(93)

Miṭraqat al-Islām, ʿalā saif al-malāḥidat al-liʾām, a defence by M. Taqī al-Dīn Qinnaujī of the G̲h̲āyat al-kalām [described by Edwards as “an anonymous tract on points of creed and practice”] against the criticisms of ʿAbd al-Qādir b. Faḍl i Rasūl Badāʾūnī (for whom see pl. iv no. 534 supra): Murādābād [1878°*] (Association Pr. 212 pp.).

(94)

Miʿyār al-mad̲h̲āhib,⁶⁵ on the merits of the first four Caliphs and the superiority of each to his successor, by S. Aʿẓam ʿAlī⁶⁶ Qādirī P’hulwārawī: Cawnpore 1292/1875* (Niẓāmī Pr. 162 pp. Cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356).

(95)

Muhimmāt al-Muslimīn (beg. (in Flügel i 517(5)) Ṭalab al-ʿilm farīḍah ʿalā kull Muslim), a catechism on the chief beliefs and practices of Islām: Flügel i 517(5), Upsala Zetterstéen 268–366 (except 355, 357, 362,365), Blochet iv 2186 (beginning. 19th cent.), 2204 (fragment). See also C̲h̲ahār kitāb above.

(96)

Muk̲h̲taṣar jawāb i iblāg̲h̲īyah i Āqā-yi Muk̲h̲bir al-Salṭanah, a defence of Muslim theologians by S. ʿAbd Allāh Bilādī Bihbahānī (cf.pl. iv no. 273(135) supra) against a charge of uncompromising conservatism: Bombay 1346/1927* (Muẓaffarī Pr. 23 pp).

(97)

Munāẓarah i Yūḥannā. See Risālah i Yuḥannā.

(98)

Murawwiḥ al-nufūs fī aqsām al-julūs, on postures allowed and prohibited during worship, by ʿAlī Ḥusain Rangīpūrī: Lucknow 1313/1896 (28 pp.).

(99)

¶ Nādir al-miʿrāj, on Muḥammad’s ascent to heaven, in 52 babs, by S̲h̲aik̲h̲ i ʿĀlam⁶⁷ “Muʿīn” Akbarābādī: Lucknow 1322/1904° (n.k. 656 pp.).

(100)

Najm i t̲h̲āqib, on various religious and philosophical questions, by Mīr Najm al-Dīn: [ʿAẓīmābād, i.e. Patna] 1295/1878* (C̲h̲as̲h̲mah i ʿilm Pr pp. 66, 152, 4).

(101)

Nuḍrat al-nāẓirin, by Muftī M. ʿAlī. Edition: 1275/1858–9 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358).

(102)

Nūr al-ʿuyūn fī tafsīr “wa-’l-sābiqūn al-awwalūn” [Qurʾān ix 101] (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. ṣaiyara aṣḥāba Nabīyihi k̲h̲aira aṣḥābi ’l-anbiyāʾ), anonymous anti-S̲h̲īʿite polemic: Madrās ii 539 (92 pp.).

(103)

Nusk̲h̲ah i Qāḍī Quṭb, see Masāʾil i Qāḍī Quṭb.

(104)

Qāṭiʿ al-burhān, S̲h̲īʿite controversy, by S. ʿAlī Akbar Tabatī:⁶⁸ Lahore 1328/1910°* (Rifāh i ʿāmm Pr 80 pp.).

(105)

Risālah i Qaul al-ḥaqq, by Masīḥ al-zamān. Edition: 1273/1856–7 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1344).

(106)

al-Qaul al-sadīd fī t̲h̲ubūt istibrāk naʿl Saiyid al-aḥrār wa-’l-ʿabīd, on the blessings to be obtained from pictures of the Prophet’s sandals, by Raḍī al-Dīn Abū ’l-K̲h̲air: Cawnpore 1289/1872* (Niẓāmī Pr. 16 pp Illustrated).

(107)

Quwwat i Ḥanafīyah, on the Ḥanafī tenets,⁶⁹ by M. Asad Allāh Tilharī:⁷⁰ Badāyūn 1323/1905° (Niẓāmī Pr. 80 pp.).

(108)

Radd al-k̲a̲l̲ām al-wāhiyah, see under Ṭard al-kilāb al-ʿāwiyah below.

(109)

Radd al-s̲h̲irk, by Wilāyat ʿAlī Wāʿiẓ: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1606 no. 205.

(110)

Radd i Wahhābīyah: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 11.

(111)

Raddí-i-Dín-Musalmání: or Refutation of Muhammadism, in Persian, in reply to Hájí Muhammad Háshim, by John Wilson:⁷¹ Bombay 1836°* (112 pp.).

(112)

Rāḥat al-qulūb, by S̲h̲. Farḍ Allāh: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1340 no. 507.

(113)

Rauḍat al-anwār wa-zubdat al-afkār, dar uṣūl i dīn i S̲h̲īʿah, by M. Bāqir: Āṣafīyah iii p. 548 (ah 1180/1766–7).

(114)

¶ Risālah i muʿtamad u mustanad (beg … a. b. bi-dān-kih ān c̲h̲ih maqrūn), on the signs of the Resurrection etc., by an unknown author: Mas̲h̲had v p. 95 no. 543 (46 foll. ah 1244/1828–9).

(115)

Risālah i Qāḍī Quṭb, see Masāʾil i Qāḍī Quṭb.

(116)

Risālah i s̲h̲aqq al-qamar, by Rafīʿ al-Dīn Dihlawī: see pl. i no. 41, Add. ad loc.

[(117)

(Risālah i Yūḥannā), or (Munāẓarah i Yūḥannā), or (K̲h̲aṭīʾat al-aʾimmah) (beg. al-H. l. R. al-ʿā … a. b. Ḥaqq taʿālā bah burhān.. a. b. c̲h̲unīn gūyad Y.), an account of an alleged debate between the author, Yūḥannā Banī Isrāʾīl al-Miṣrī, a Jewish convert to S̲h̲īʿism, and imaginary learned representatives of the four principal Sunnite schools: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1066 (ah 1144/1732?), Lindesiana p. 234 no. 492 (c. 1760), Cambridge 2nd suppt. 67(4) (foll. 155–71. 18th cent.), Bānkīpūr xiv 1331 (19th cent.), Būhār 139 (ah 1280/1863), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1354 no. 592 (with ʿAbd al-Sattār ʿĀlam K̲h̲ān’s Risālah i radd i S̲h̲īʿah, cf.p. 1342 no. 592).

According to Ivanow, copies of the work are plentiful in Lucknow.

(118)

Risālat al-tauḥīd i Subḥānī, metrical, on the divine unity, by M. ʿAbd al-Aḥad “Ṭaiyib”, author of the Anjuman i nigāristān i dānis̲h̲ (see pl. iii no. 367(1)): Lucknow 1294/1877°* (n.k. 76 pp.).

(119)

Riyāḍ al-mud̲h̲akkirīn bi-is̲h̲ārat [sing.] al-ʿārifīn (beg. al-Ḥ l. ’l. s̲h̲aiyada bi-qudratihi quṣūr al-as̲h̲bāh), in eleven majālis (the first fī tafsīr Fātiḥat al-Kitāb): Upsala Zetterstéen 406(2).

(120)

Safīnat al-najāt fī ṭūfān al-muhlikāt: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 190 (ah 1251/1835–6).

(121)

Saif Allāh al-maslūl ʿalā aʿdaʾ Nāʾib al-Rasūl. Edition: place? date? (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346).

(122)

Saif al-Rahmān ʿalā raʾs al-S̲h̲aiṭān, see Sawāʿiq i ilāhīyah.

(123)

Saif i Nāṣirī i mausūm bi-Maẓāhir al-maqāṣid: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348 no. 575.

(124)

Ṣārim al-daiyān: see al-Ṭawāriq al-Aḥmadīyah.

(125)

Sauṭ Allāh al-Jabbār ʿalā matn al-kuffār, by M. ʿAlī Bac̲h̲hrāʾunī⁷²: [Barēlī] 1286/1869 ‡ (Ṣiddīqī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 23).

(126)

Ṣawāʿiq i ilāhīyah: see under Ṭard al-kilāb al-ʿāwiyah below.

(127)

Ṣawāʿiq i ilāhīyah li-radd al-s̲h̲ayāṭīn al-Wahhābīyah al-mulaqqab bi-Saif al-Raḥmān ʿalā raʾs al-S̲h̲aiṭān [cf. no. (143) below], by M. Bas̲h̲īr ¶ al-Dīn Qinnaujī: 1280/1863–4 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 782), [Cawnpore] 1288/1871* (n.k. i.o. 306.29.A.2. Not in Arberry).

(128)

S̲h̲arḥ Sirāj al-abṣār, in support of the claim of S.M. Jaunpūrī⁷³ to be the Mahdī, by Bandagī Miyān: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1348.

(129)

Sirāj al-abṣār, see S̲h̲arḥ Sirāj al-abṣār.

[(130)

Sirāj al-qulūb (beg. usually al-Ḥ. l. al-ʿAlī al-ʿAẓīm al-Jawād al-Karīm, but various other beginnings occur), questions put by the Jews to Muḥammad and his answers concerning the creation of the world, Paradise and Hell, the history of the Prophets, etc., being one of the forms of the popular Hazār masʾalah (see no. (35) above), ascribed here in a brief exordium to Abū Naṣr Saʿīd b. M. al-Qaṭṭān al-G̲h̲aznawī (with variations in different mss.): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 588 no. 7078, Rieu i 17 b (67 foll. ah 925/1519), 18 a (early 19th cent.), Suppt. 3 (ah 1072/1661), Flügel 1963 (29) (33 questions. Author given as Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd Allāh b. M. b. S̲h̲āmūr [sic] al-Asadī al-Rāzī, i e. apparently Najm al-Dīn Dāyah, d. 654/1256: see Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 803. ah 949/1542), Cairo p. 509 (ah 968/1560–1), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 475 (ah 1016/1607–8), p. 1276 no. 141 (?), iii p. 270 no. 764, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1030/1621. See ocm. xi/2 (Feb. 1935) p. 80), Blochet i 41 (“44 chapitres”. ah 1043/1633), 42 (“les 32 premiers chapitres”), 43 (different recension with a series of supplementary legends), iv 2177 (1) (44 ch.), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2338 (ah 1108/1696–7), Ivanow 1010 (72 sections. Late 18th cent.), 1011 (70 questions. acephalous), 1012, Ivanow Curzon 753 (44 bābs. Questions answered by ʿAlī. Early 19th cent.), 2nd Suppt. 943 (Risālah i Abū Naṣr i Ṭūsī [!]. ah 1292/1875), Berlin 218, 219, Aberystwyth 9 (1) (70 questions, but defective), Bodleian 1476 (2), Madrās i 486, Mas̲h̲had v p. 99 no. 553 (defective).

Editions:[Tihran] 1295/1878 (94 foll. see Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 4, ptd. bks., no. 87, Harrassowitz’s Bücher-Katalog 430, item 436, according to the latter of which the S. al-q. is followed by Jāmīʾs translation of forty traditions), place? 1301/1883–4 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 270 no. 789).

(131)

Sirāj al-qulūb (beg. Sp. i bī-q. u st. i qudsī-asās mar Dāwarī-rā), on the Sunnī creed and religious obligations, by Nūr Muḥammad: Bānkīpūr xiv 1296 (88 foll. 19th cent.).

(132)

Sirāj al-sālikīn, on the beliefs of the Imāmīyah and those of their adversaries, the philosophers, the Ṣūfīs, the Muʿtazilah and the As̲h̲āʿirah, dedicated to an Indian princess ʿIṣmat al-Dunyā wa-’l-Dīn ¶ Maryam Bēgam, by ʿAlī b. Ḥusain Karbalāʾī:⁷⁴ Blochet i 73 (59 foll. ah 1097/1685).

(133)

Sirāj al-ummah fī rafʿ al-g̲h̲ummah, by M. Mahdī Iqbāl: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1346 no. 207.

(134)

Tad̲h̲kirat al-ʿaqāʾid, on the chief religions of the world: Bombay 1312/1894° (16 pp. In a volume entitled Maqālāt i ahl i ʿālam u inqilābāt i dunyā, which contains also Jang i haftād u dū millat, on the sects of Islām (24 pp)).

(135)

Tad̲h̲kirat al-ḥaqq, on the fundamentals of Islām, by M. ʿAbd al-Waḥīd, surnamed (al-muk̲h̲āṭab bah) M. Amīr, Ḥanafī C̲h̲is̲h̲tī Muʿīnī Kursawī: Jaipūr 1310/1892–3 (Sirāj al-faid Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 30); Delhi 1332–3/1914–15* (Darwēs̲h̲ Pr. and Dillī Printing works. With Urdu translation, Māhīyat al-ḥaqq, by S. Dōst-M. Ajmērī. 2 vols. Pp. 502; 422. Cf. ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 37 no. 4, p. 38 no. 24).

(136)

Takmīl al-iʿtiqād fī ahamm umūr al-barzak̲h̲ wa-’l-maʿād, by Ḥakīm Ḥamīd Allāh K̲h̲ān Islāmābādī: place? 1871 (ʿAlawī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 38).

(137)

al-Tamhīd fī bayān al-taqlīd, by M. ʿAbd al-Salām, author of the Tad̲h̲kirat al-jumʿah (pl. iv no. 273 (173) supra): Cawnpore 1293/1877* (Niẓāmī Pr. 32 pp.).

(138)

Tanzīh al-Imāmīyah bi-’l-ḥujjat al-ilzāmīyah, by Nit̲h̲ār Ḥusain b. Niyāz ʿAlī Sītāpūrī: Lucknow 1894° (65 pp.).

(139)

Ṭard al-kilāb al-ʿāwiyah ʿan ʿauʿauihā fī faḍl al-Muʿāwiyah [sic] mulaqqab bah Tīg̲h̲ i dū-dam bar aʿdā-yi aṣḥāb i Rasūl i akram, a defence of Muʿāwiyah, by Ḥakīm M. Ismāʿīl K̲h̲ān b. Muḥammad-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ K̲h̲ān: Lucknow 1298/1881° (followed by (1) Radd al-kalām al-wāhiyah [sic], or S̲h̲ams̲h̲īr i āb-dar, a refutation of the first work, by M. Najm al-Dīn, (2) Ṣawāʿiq i ilāhīyah, a second refutation, by K̲h̲udā-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ K̲h̲ān, (3) C̲h̲and s̲h̲awāhid dar t̲h̲anā-yi jalāʾil i Aṣḥāb i ʿIẓām, notices of some companions. 16; 30 pp.).

(140)

Taṣdīq al-Masīḥ radʿ ḥukm al-qabīḥ: place? 1268/1852 (Muṭīʿ al-Raḥman Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 19. Cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1336 no. 315).

(141)

Tauḍīḥ al-mas̲h̲rabain: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1338 no. 562.

(142)

Tauḥīd i Ḥaqq: Lindesiana p. 225 no. 241 e (circ. ad 1790).

(143)

al-Ṭawāriq al-Aḥmadīyah li-’stīṣāl bināʾ dīn al-Najdīyah, or Ṣārim al-daiyān, anti-Wahhābī polemic by Muḥibb Aḥmad [cf. no. (32) ¶ above] in reply to [M.] Bas̲h̲īr al-Dīn Qinnaujī’s Ṣawāʿiq i ilāhīyah (cf. no. (127) above), which was itself a criticism of another anti-Wahhābī work, the Bawāriq al-Muḥammadīyah [of Faḍl i Rasūl Badāyūnī. See pl. iv no. 496 supra]: [Lucknow] 1288/1871° (n.k. 175 pp. cf. ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks p. 37 no. 7).

(144)

Tuḥfah i Aurangzēbīyah, anti-Aḥmadī polemic, by M. Aurangzēb K̲h̲ān b. M. S̲h̲arīf K̲h̲ān: Lahore 1331/1913° (Followed by a summary in Pushtu 188 pp.).

(145)

Tuḥfah i Dastgīrīyah jawāb i It̲h̲nā-ʿas̲h̲arīyah, anti-Wahhābī controversy, by G̲h̲ulām-Dastgīr Hās̲h̲imī: Lahore [1868*] (Muṣṭafāʾī Pr. 136 pp.).

(146)

Tuḥfat al-Islām, by Indarman⁷⁵ Murādābādī, described by Arberry as “a detailed exposition of the Islamic faith, with replies to criticisms made against it” [according to the Panjāb Quarterly Catalogue for 1869/1 it is a refutation of the Tuḥfat al-Hind]: Gujrānwālā 1867* (Gyān Pr. 322 pp.), Bulands̲h̲ahr [1868*] (Nūr i naẓar Pr. 296 pp.); Murādābād [1869*] (Sūd-rasan [?] Pr. 252 pp.)

(147)

Uṣūl i k̲h̲amsah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. a. b. bi-dān-kih wājib ast bar har mukallaf āzād u bandah mard u zan dānistan i uṣūl i k̲h̲amsah), an anonymous sketch of S̲h̲īʿite theology: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1055 (foll. 30–48. ah 1247/1831).

(148)

Uṣūl i k̲h̲amsah, a detailed work: Peshawar 743.

(149)

Uswah i ḥasanah, a defence of the succession of the first four Caliphs, by M. ʿAlī Ḥabīb “Naṣr” Qādirī:⁷⁶ [Delhi] 1292/1875* (Muḥammadī Pr. 152 pp.).

(150)

Wājibāt i ḍarūrīya (beg … a. b. bi-dān kih awwal c̲h̲īzī) a S̲h̲īʿite summary of the fundamentals of Islām: Blochet i 75 (36 foll. 17th cent., with Latin translation), 76 (37 foll. 17th cent., with the same Latin translation), 77 (transcribed from no. 75 17th cent.), Vatican Pers 8(3) (foll. 60–110. Circ. ad 1622, Rossi p. 34).

(151)

al-Wasāʾil fī it̲h̲bāt al-ḥaqq wa-izhāq⁷⁷ al-bāṭil, a defence of S̲h̲īʿite doctrine, by M. ʿAlī called Gulistānah:⁷⁸ Bombay [1922*] (Muẓaffarī Pr. 214 pp.).

(152)

¶ Wasīlat al-najāt, a commentary on 201 names of Muḥammad, by Maulawī M. Mahdī: Madrās 1275/1859* (Maẓhar al-ʿajāʾib Pr. 104 pp.); Bombay 1307/1890° (Fatḥ al-Karīm Pr. 112 pp.).

(153)

Yaum al-G̲h̲adīr,⁷⁹ by Mahdī ʿAlī K̲h̲ān ʿAẓīmābādī. Edition: 1302/1884–5 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1358).

(154)

Ẓafar-nāmah, by Nūr Aḥmad: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1350 no. 202 (ah 1154/1741).

(155)

Zubdat al-maʿārif, S̲h̲īʿite theology, completed in 1224/1809 by ʿAlī Akbar Iṣfahānī: [Persia] 1267/1851° (331 foll. cf. D̲h̲arīʿah xii pp. 32–3).

next chapter: 4 Sufism