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§ 495. Abū Bakr M. b. Jaʿfar al-Nars̲h̲ak̲h̲ī¹ was born in 286/899 and died in Ṣafar 348/959. It was in 332/943–4 that he wrote for the Sāmānid Nūḥ b. Naṣr ¶ (reigned 331/942–343/954) an Arabic history of Buk̲h̲ārā to the accession of Nūḥ b. Naṣr. In 522/1128 this was translated into Persian by Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. M. b. Naṣr al-Qubāwī, who added a brief continuation to the death of Manṣūr b. Nūḥ, ah 365/976.

Abridgment of the Persian translation: Tārīk̲h̲ i Buk̲h̲ārā prepared ah 574/1178–9 by M. b. Zufar b. ʿUmar for the Muftī of Buk̲h̲ārā, Tāj al-Maʿālī ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ḥusām al-Dīn ʿUmar: Blochet i 517 (with a continuation to ah 617/1220. 15th cent.), 518 (19th cent.), Wahbī Efendī 1130 = Tauer 471 (11th/17th cent.), r.a.s. P. 159 (1) = Morley 160 (ah 1246/1830), Chanykov 78(a), 79 (ah 1261/1845), 80 (a different redaction, defective at end), Majlis 225 (ah 1301/1883–4), Rieu Suppt. 87 (19th cent.), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 92, Salemann-Rosen p. 49 nos. 947c, 948c.

Editions: (1) Description topographique et historique de Boukhara par Mohammed Nerchakhy [with the continuation to the Mongol conquest] suivie de textes relatifs à la Transoxiane. Texte persan publié par Charles Schefer, Paris 1892°* (Publications de l’École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, iii^e série, vol. xiii). (2) Buk̲h̲ārā 1322/1904–5 (see Barthold Turkestan down to the Mongol Invasion, London 1928, p. 14, Harrassowitz’s Bücher-Katalog 352 (1912), no. 1679).

Russian translation: Istoriya Bukhary. Perevel s Persidskago N. Lykoshin pod redaktsiei V.V. Bartol’da. Tashkent 1897°.

Extracts: (1) C. Schefer Chrestomathie persane Paris 1883°* pp. 29–64 (on the topography = pp. 10¹⁰–34⁴ in Schefer’s edition of 1892). (2) P. Lerch Sur les monnaies des Boukhâr-Khoudahs ou Princes de Boukhara avant la conquête du Maverennahr par les Arabes (Travaux de la troisième session du Congrès International des Orientalistes, St. Pétersbourg 1876, Tome ii, pp. 417–29) pp. 426–8 (on the coinage = pp. 34–36 in Schefer’s edition of 1892).

Descriptions: (1) by Khanykov in Mélanges asiatiques ii, St. Petersburg 1852–6, pp. 437–9. (2) A. Vámbéry History of Bokhara, London 1873, pp. xii–xiii. (3) Barthold Turkestan, London 1928, pp. 14–15.

[al-Samʿānī Ansāb, fol. 558a (this short passage is quoted by Lerch, loc. cit.); Ency. lsl. under Nars̲h̲ak̲h̲ī.]

§ 496. Abū Saʿīd [or Saʿd] ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. M. al-Idrīsī (d. 405/1015) wrote works on the history of, or rather, it seems, on the traditionists connected with, his native town Astarābād and his place of residence Samarqand. The title of the latter seems to have been al-Ikmāl li-maʿrifat al-rijāl bi-Samarqand (see al-Samʿānī s.v. K̲h̲aid̲h̲as̲h̲tarī, cited by Barthold Turkestan, London 1928, p. 15). This history was continued to the twelfth century by ʿUmar b. M. al-Nasafī (d. 537/1142), the author of a well-known creed and other works ¶ (see Brockelmann i 427–8), whose history is called al-Qand fī maʿrifat ʿulamāʾ Samarqand by al-Samʿānī s.v. S̲h̲ikānī (cited by Barthold Turkestan p. 15).

al-Qand fī maʿrifat ʿulamāʾ Samarqand, or al-Qand f ī taʾrīk̲h̲ Samarqand (Ḥ.K̲h̲.) or simply al-Qand or al-Qandīyah, an Arabic work on the holy places, graves of holy men etc. at Samarqand with brief information on its general history: Ḥ.K̲h̲. iv p. 571 no. 9593: no copies recorded.

Abridgment: by his pupil Abū ’l-Faḍl M. b. ʿAbd al-Jalīl b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. ʿAlī b. Ḥaidar al-Samarqandī: Ḥ.K̲h̲. loc. cit.

Persian translation of the abridgment: Qandīyah or al-Qand: Ivanow Curzon 349 (1st Part only ? ah 1039/1629), Leningrad Asiat. Mus. aa. 574 ag, abb 574 ag. (see Ivanow Curzon loc. cit.), Leningrad University 859 (see Ivanow Curzon loc. cit. and Salemann-Rosen p. 13), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 68.

Extracts: W. Barthold Turkestan v epokhu mongolskago nashestviya i pp. 48–51.

According to Ivanow it has been lithographed several times at Tashkent and Samarqand.

Russian translation: V.L. Vyatkin Kandiya Malaya. Predislavie, perevod i primechaniya (Sprav. knizhka Samark. oblasti za 1906 g., Samarqand 1906, pp. 235–301. Cf. A.A. Semenov Katalog rukopisei istoricheskogo otdela Bukharskoi Tsentral’noi Biblioteki, pp. 3, 16–17).

§ 497. “Bināʾī” Harawī, who died in 918/1512, has already been mentioned (pp. 236–237 supra) in connexion with a S̲h̲āhans̲h̲āh-nāmah ascribed (wrongly ?) to him.

S̲h̲aibānī-nāmah, a poem on the history of S̲h̲aibānī K̲h̲ān: Khiva K̲h̲ān’s Library (incomplete. Contemporary with author. See Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 20, where references are given to an article by Samoilovich in the Z[apiski] V[ostochnago] O[tdyeleniya Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva] xix, pp. 0164 seq.), Tashkent Central Asian State Library (two transcripts of the preceding ms. made in 1329/1911. See Semenov Ukazatel’, loc. cit., where a reference is given to W. Barthold’s Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan. Avgust-Dekabr’ 1920 (Pril. k protokol. Zased. Otd. Istorichesk. Nauk i Philologii Ross. Akad. Nauk 29 iyunya 1921 g.) pp. 56–7).

§ 498. By order of S̲h̲aibānī K̲h̲ān an unknown poet composed—

Fatḥ-nāmah, a poetical chronicle of S̲h̲aibānī K̲h̲ān’s exploits down to the second conquest of Samarqand and Babar’s flight to the mountains in 1501: Samarqand (in a private library (unspecified). Old ms. with Pictures. See Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 3 and Ukazatel’ p. 22, where a ¶ reference is given to Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan (Zapiski Vostochn. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva xv), p. 22).

§ 499. Faḍl Allāh b. Rūzbihān al-Iṣfahānī has already been mentioned (p. 234 supra) as the author of the Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿālam-ārāy i Amīnī, which he completed in the reign of the Āq-Quyūnlū Sulṭān Bāysung̲h̲ur (ah 896/1490–897/1491). He began at Buk̲h̲ārā and completed at Harāt his

Mihmān-nāmah i Buk̲h̲ārā, an account of S̲h̲aibānī K̲h̲ān’s third campaign against the Qazāqs (Uzbaks) in 914/1508–9: Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 3431 = Tauer 433 (ah 915/1509).

§ 500. By order of Iskandar K̲h̲ān b. Imām-Qulī K̲h̲ān a certain Amīr ʿAbd Allāh wrote

Iskandar-nāmah, a history of C̲h̲ingiz K̲h̲ān and his nearest descendants, based on a Turkish Tārīk̲h̲ i G̲h̲āzānī, and having at the end an account of Central Asian events in S̲h̲aibānid times to ah 927/1520–1: Tashkent (see Kahl p. 20 and Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 9).

§ 501. Zain al-Dīn Maḥmūd [al-mas̲h̲hūr bi-] “Wāṣifī” b. ʿUmdat al-Jalīl² journeyed from K̲h̲urāsān to Transoxiana and was an eye-witness of events at Buk̲h̲ārā under ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān [the S̲h̲aibānid, at Buk̲h̲ārā from 918/1512, d. 946/1539], at Samarqand under Köc̲h̲künjī [who succeeded S̲h̲aibānī K̲h̲ān at Samarqand in 916/1510 and died in 937/1530], at Tās̲h̲kand and elsewhere.

Badāʾiʿ al-waqāʾiʿ, a valuable account of events witnessed by the author at Buk̲h̲ārā, Samarqand, Tās̲h̲kand and elsewhere with information concerning Mīrzā Ulug̲h̲ Bēg, Mīr ʿAlī S̲h̲īr and others: Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 28, A.Z. Validov Vostochnye rukopisi v Ferganskoi oblasti (in Zapiski Vost. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva xxii) p. 28, Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 7, Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques vii (St. Petersburg 1876) pp. 400–1).

§ 502. For the Tārīk̲h̲ i Abū ’l-K̲h̲air-K̲h̲ānī, which was written by Masʿūdī b. ʿUt̲h̲mān Kūhistānī for Abū ’l-G̲h̲āzī Sulṭān ʿAbd al-Laṭīf Bahādur K̲h̲ān (Uzbak ruler of Transoxiana ah 947/1540–959/1551) and which is a florid general history closing with a long account of Abu ’l-K̲h̲air K̲h̲ān (the founder of the Uzbak dynasty, b. 1412, d. 1468, see Ency. Isl. under Abū ’l-K̲h̲āir) and a sketch of the history of his descendants in Samarqand and K̲h̲urāsān, see p. 85 supra.

¶ § 503. “Mus̲h̲fiqī,” the author of the Jahān-nāmah or Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān, who died in 996/1588 (see Rosen Inst. p. 133), is presumably identical with Mullā “Mus̲h̲fiqī” Buk̲h̲ārī, of a Marwazī family, who was born at Buk̲h̲ārā in 945/1538–9, went twice to India in Akbar’s time, but returned to Buk̲h̲ārā and died there (in 994/1586 according to Ethé in G. i. P. ii p. 307). A first dīwān of his, consisting chiefly of g̲h̲azals, was collected in 973/1565–6 and is preserved in the India Office (Ethé 1446). A second dīwān, likewise almost exclusively of g̲h̲azals, was collected in 983 (according to Sprenger) or 985/1577–8 (according to Ivanow) and is preserved in the Bodleian (Ethé 1044) and at Calcutta (Ivanow 677, cf. Sprenger 402). Different from these must be the dīwān i Mus̲h̲fiqī described by Semenov as consisting of qaṣīdahs and chronograms (Ukazatel’ p. 31, where a reference is given to Zimin Materialy k istorii Turkestana v xvi v. (Izv. T. Otd. R. Geogr. Obshchestva, Tashkent 1918), preface, foll. 31–4).

Jahān-nāmah or Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān, a verse history of the exploits of ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān: ms. in private possession (see Semenov Ukazatel’, p. 30, where a reference is given to Validov Vostochnye rukopisi v Ferganskoi oblasti (Zapiski Vost. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva, xxii), p. 319).

[Āʾīn i Akbarī, tr. Blochmann, i p. 583; ʿAbd al-Qādir Muntak̲h̲ab al-tawārīk̲h̲ iii 328–9 (cf. Sprenger p. 64); Safīnah i K̲h̲wus̲h̲gū (Bodleian 376) no. 310; Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 2374; G.i.P. ii p. 307.]

§ 504. Ḥafiẓ Tanīs̲h̲³ b. Mīr M. al-Buk̲h̲ārī was in his thirty-sixth year when he began to compile a history of the early life and victories of his employer ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān, who had then established his rule over Transoxiana and made Buk̲h̲ārā his capital,⁴ but it was not until later that, encouraged by the patronage of the wazīr, Amir Qulbābā Kōkaltās̲h̲, he collected and revised his rough drafts.

S̲h̲araf-nāmah i S̲h̲āhī (a chronogram = 992/1584 but see below), often called ʿAbd Allāh-nāmah, a pompous and verbose history of ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān b. Iskandar K̲h̲ān the S̲h̲aibānid⁵ from his birth to 996/1587–8 divided, according to the preface, into a muqaddimah (on the K̲h̲ān’s ancestors from Noah to his father with an account of his religious teacher the great Naqs̲h̲bandī saint, K̲h̲wājah M. Jūybārī), two maqālahs ((1) from ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān’s birth to his accession [ah 991/1583], (2) from his accession onwards) and a k̲h̲ātimah (perhaps never written, on the qualities of the ¶ K̲h̲ān, the famous men of his reign, his benefactions and buildings): Lahore Panjab Univ. Lib. (old but defective. See Oriental College Magazine, vol. ii, no. 3 (May 1926), p. 67), Ethé 574 (Muqaddimah, Maqālah i (defective at end) and Maqālah ii. Not later than ah 1119/1707–8), Velyaminov-Zernov p. 866 no. 10 (ah 1239/1823–4), Rieu Suppt. 73 (Muqaddimah and Maqālahi (extending here to ah 997/1589 (?)). ah 1304/1887), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 27, Tashkent (2 mss. see Kahl p. 22), Leningrad (3 mss., one, an abridged redaction, in the Public Library, another, containing extracts, and a third, the Musak̲h̲k̲h̲ar al-bilād of M. Yār, likewise consisting of extracts, both in the Asiatic Museum, are mentioned by Umnyakov in the article particularized below). Seven mss. in private possession are mentioned by Umnyakov.

Descriptions: (1) Rapport sur le projet de publier le texte et une traduction de l’Abdoullah-Nameh; par Véliaminov-Zernov⁶ (in Mélanges asiatiques iii (St. Petersburg 1857–9), pp. 258–63). (2) I. Umnyakov Abdulla-name Hafizi-Tanysha i ego issledovateli (in Zapiski Kollegii Vostokovedov, vol. v (Leningrad 1930), pp. 307–28.

§ 505. Maḥmūd b. Amīr Walī concludes his Baḥr al-asrār with an account of his own extensive travels from ah 1034/1624–5 onwards. According to Semenov (Kurzer Abriss p. 6) he was Librarian of a library at Buk̲h̲ārā.

Baḥr al-asrār fī manāqib al-ak̲h̲yār, a detailed history of the Uzbak K̲h̲āns of Transoxiana, especially of the As̲h̲tark̲h̲ānī Sulṭāns, from the accession of Dīn Muḥammad K̲h̲ān in 1006/1597–8 to ah 1050/1640–1 in the reign of Nad̲h̲r Muḥammad K̲h̲ān, with an account of contemporary events in the neighbouring countries:⁷ Ethé 575 (transcribed from an autograph in Nad̲h̲r M. K̲h̲ān’s lifetime).

¶ mss. in the possession of private persons are referred to by Semenov, Ukazatel’ p. 10, where references are given to Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan (in Zapiski Vostoch. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkh. Obshchestva, vol. xv) pp. 232–60, and Validov Vostochnye rukopisi v Ferganskoi oblasti (in Zapiski Vost. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkh. Obshchestva, vol. xxii), p. 306.

Extracts: (1) Tseremonial pri dvore uzbetskikh khanov v xvii veke (Persian text and Russian translation by W. Barthold. In Zapiski Imp. Russ. Geogr. Obshchestva, po otdeleniyu etnografii, tom xxxiv St. Petersburg 1909*, pp. 293–308). (2) W. Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan, pp. 232–60 (in Zapiski Vostochn. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva, vol. xv).

§ 506. Āk̲h̲ūnd Mullā S̲h̲araf al-Dīn [entitled] Aʿlam⁸ b. Nūr al-Dīn was a native of the wilāyat of Andijān. In his youth he migrated to Samarqand, where his father was, and he there became distinguished for his learning, being regarded, after the death of Mullā Bāqī Jān, as Buk̲h̲ārā’s [sic] greatest scholar. He was also a poet and a prosodist and was skilled in explaining the subtleties of such poet as “K̲h̲āqānī” and “Ẓahīr” i Fārayābī. His contemporary, Mullā M. Badīʿ Samarqandī, mentions in his Tad̲h̲kirat al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ i Subḥān-Qulī-K̲h̲ānī, from which the above information comes, that Mullā S̲h̲araf al-Dīn wrote a work containing chronograms entitled Tad̲h̲kirah i k̲h̲ātimah i Tārīk̲h̲ i Raqīmī [so], and from this work he quotes an extract. Now this extract contains such striking phraseological resemblances to a passage in the preface to the so-called Tārīk̲h̲ i Mīr Saiyid S̲h̲arīf Rāqim that A.A. Semenov, taking other evidence into account, has little hesitation in ascribing the Tārīk̲h̲ i Mīr Saiyid S̲h̲arīf Rāqim to Mullā S̲h̲araf al-Dīn.

Semenov informs us that in the above-mentioned work of Qāḍī M. Badīʿ Samarqandī there is a short biography of a certain Amīr Saiyid S̲h̲arīf Rāqim Samarqandī, who came of a respected family that had produced more than one s̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-islām and who wrote poems under the pseudonym of “Rāqim”. M. Badīʿ does not say that he wrote anything else, and it seems as though some misconception had caused his name to be associated with the Tārīk̲h̲ i Rāqimī.

In the extract quoted by Mullā Badīʿ the year 1094/1683 is given as the date of composition. The corresponding passage in the existing preface to the Tārīk̲h̲ i Mīr Saiyid S̲h̲arīf Rāqim omits the date, but, as Rosen states (pp. 136–7), the date 1113/1701–2 is mentioned more than once as the current year. In spite of ¶ the fact that, according to the preface, the work contains chronograms down to the date of composition, the last date in most of the manuscripts is 1055/1645–6. Semenov suggests therefore that the existing manuscripts represent an abridgment made not earlier than 1113/1701–2 by someone who omitted the later chronograms and all information relating to the author himself. This may be so, but one or two problems still remain unsolved.

(Tārīk̲h̲ i Mīr Saiyid S̲h̲arīf Rāqim, or Tārīk̲h̲ i Rāqimī, Tārīk̲h̲-nāmah i Rāqim, or Tawārīk̲h̲ i Mīr Saiyid S̲h̲arīf Rāqim, or Tārīk̲h̲ i Tīmūrī wa Āl i C̲h̲ingīz i Mīr S̲h̲arīf Rāqim, or Tārīk̲h̲ i kat̲h̲īrah [!]) a chronologically arranged collection of chronograms (with other historical and biographical information) relating mainly to kings, divines, men of letters etc. who flourished in Central Asia from the birth of Tīmūr ah 736/1336 to ah 1054/1644r–5 or ah 1055/1645–6 (with continuations in some mss.): Edinburgh 246 (ah 1145/1732), Blochet iv 2320 (1) (ends with ah 1047. ah 1217/1802–3), Leningrad Bibl. Imp. Publ. (3 copies, one (= Chanykov 77) dated ah 1235/1819–20, see Mélanges asiatiques v (St. Petersburg 1864–8) p. 247, Rosen Institut p. 116), r.a.s. P. = Morley 163 (not later than 1832), Rosen Inst. 17 (ah 1253/1837–8. Full Analysis), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 16, 17, Salemann-Rosen p. 49 no. 949.

Edition: Tuḥfat al-aḥbāb fī tad̲h̲kirat al-aṣḥāb maʿ Tārīk̲h̲ i kat̲h̲īrah u Majmūʿah i Salīmī, Tashkent 1332/1913–14 (the “Tārīk̲h̲ i Rāqimī ”, here called “Tārīk̲h̲ i kat̲h̲īrah”, is printed on the margin of the Tuḥfat al-aḥbāb of Qārī Raḥmat-Allāh. See A.A. Semenov Katalog rukopisei istoricheskogo otdela Bukharskoi Tsentralnoi Biblioteki pp. 4, 8, 12).

Discussion of the authorship: A.A. Semenov K voprosu, kto byl avtorom Tārīk̲h̲ i Saiyid Rāqim (in, and offprinted⁹ from, ʿIqd al-jumān, a Festschrift published in honour of W. Barthold by the Obshchestvo dlya izucheniya Tadzhikistana i iranskikh narodnostei za ego predelami, Tashkent 1927).

[Qāḍī M. Badīʿ Samarqandī Tad̲h̲kirat al-s̲h̲uʿarāʾ i Subḥan-Qulī-K̲h̲ānī (ms. Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 50, fol. 87b); A.A. Semenov K voprosu etc. (see above); A.A. Semenov Kurzer Abriss pp. 6–7, Ukazatel, p. 12.]

§ 507. M. Ṣalāḥ Siyāhgirdī Balk̲h̲ī, the son of ʿAbd Allāh Ustādī [?], wrote his Subḥān-Qulī-nāmah by order of Subḥān-Qulī K̲h̲ān (reigned ah 1091/1680–1114/1702).

¶ Subḥān-Qulī-nāmah, a poem in nearly 5,000 verses on the reign of Subḥān-Qulī K̲h̲ān: Tashkent (private library of Prof. A.A. Semenov. Autograph. See Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 6 and Ukazatel’ p. 18, where a reference is given to Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan. August-Dekabr’ 1920 (Pril. k protok. Zased. Otd. Istorichesk. Nauk i Philologii Ross. Akad. Nauk 29 iyunya 1921g) pp. 63–7.)

§ 508. It was by order of the Qūs̲h̲-bēgī Ibrāhīm that M. Amīn b. Mīrzā Zamān Buk̲h̲ārī composed his

Tārīk̲h̲ i Subḥān-Qulī K̲h̲ān, a history of the S̲h̲aibānids and Jānids and especially of Subḥān-Qulī Khan (reigned ah 1091/1680–1114/1702) to ah 1109/1697–8 preceded by a sketch of the history of the Tīmūrids based on the Rauḍat al-ṣafāʾ: Blochet i 472 (ah 1278/1861), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 18.

Presumably identical with M. Amīn b. Mīrzā Zamān Buk̲h̲ārī is the Mīr M. Amīn Buk̲h̲ārī, who on the accession of ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān in 1131/1701 to the throne of his father Subḥān-Qulī K̲h̲ān was instructed, in the absence of the Secretary of State, to draw up the farmāns announcing the change of government to the provincial governors. Subsequently, at the age of 59, in a year which he does not specify, he was presented to ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān by his confidant Bīk Muḥammad Bī Dādk̲h̲wāh and was ordered by the former to write a history of the reign.

(ʿUbaid-Allāh-nāmah) or (Majmūʿah¹⁰ i Mīr M. Amīn i Buk̲h̲ārī) or (Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān), a history of the reign of ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān to his murder in 1123/1711 and the events immediately succeeding it: Tashkent (see Kahl pp. 27–8 and Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 21), Leningrad Univ. Lib. 848b = Salemann-Rosen p. 13, d.m.g. 16 (“Az majmūʿah i Mīr M. Amīn i Buk̲h̲ārī”. Short extracts said to be transcribed from Persian ms. 849¹¹ of the St. Petersburg University Library).

Description and summary of the work with 19 pp. of extracts: Quellenstudien zur neueren Geschichte der Chânate. Von F. Teufel, pp. 239–376 (in z.d.m.g. vol. 38 (1884)).

§ 509. M. Yūsuf al-Muns̲h̲ī b. K̲h̲wājah Baqā Balk̲h̲ī was secretary to Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Muqīm K̲h̲ān.¹² It was to this prince that he dedicated his

¶ Tad̲h̲kirah i Muqīm-K̲h̲ānī, of which the first volume contains a muqaddimah (genealogy of the S̲h̲aibānids etc. and three maqālahs ((1) the S̲h̲aibānid dynasty, (2) the As̲h̲tark̲h̲ānī Sulṭāns¹³ of Buk̲h̲ārā to the death of S. Subḥān-Qulī M. Bahādur K̲h̲ān, (3) an account, or rather a panegyric, of S.M. Muqīm Bahādur K̲h̲ān from his accession at Balkh in 1114/1702 to ah 1116/1704¹⁴ [the second volume, mujallad i t̲h̲ānī, was, or was intended to be, devoted exclusively to the history of Muqīm K̲h̲ān (see Senkowski’s Supplément p. 119), but it is not extant in, having apparently been torn out of, the Asiatic Museum ms. which Senkowski used. It does not seem to be contained in the other copies mentioned below]: Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (ah 1221/1806. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (St.-Pétersbourg 1859) p. 483), Rosen Institut 18 (ah 1227/1812), r.a.s. P. 160 = Morley 161 (ah 1246/1830), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 32, 98, Chanykov 78 (b), 81 (b), Dorn a.m. p. 143, Salemann-Rosen p. 13 nos. 277, 278, 848a, 849, 925a.

French summary interspersed with extracts translated in full and circ. 20 pp. of extracts in Persian: Supplément à l’histoire générale des Huns, des Turks et des Mogols, contenant un abrégé de l’histoire de la domination des Uzbèks dans la Grande Bukharie, depuis leur établissement dans ce pays jusqu’à l’an 1709, et une continuation de l’histoire de Kharèzm, depuis la mort d’Aboul-Ghazi-Khan jusqu’ à la même époque; Par … Joseph Senkowski, St. Petersburg 1824°*.

§ 510. In 1123/1711 Ḥājjī Mīr M. Salīm left his native land Transoxiana, in which some of his ancestors appear to have played an important role, and went first to Persia, where some Turanian ambassadors to the court of S̲h̲āh Sulṭān-Ḥusain (reigned ah 1105/1694–1135/1722) gave him introductions. From Iṣfahān he went to Bag̲h̲dād, Aleppo, Damascus and Stambul. In 1128/1716 he reached Mecca, and finally he went to India. It was to Muḥammad S̲h̲āh (reigned ¶ ah 1131/1719–1161/1748) that he dedicated his history, of which the title is perhaps Silsilat al-salāṭīn.

Silsilat al-salāṭīn [?], a history of which the only existing manuscript is marred by lacunæ but which appears to consist of two main parts (1) a history of the Mug̲h̲al race from Adam onwards, C̲h̲ingiz K̲h̲an, Tīmūr etc. and especially of the Indian Tīmūrids to M. S̲h̲āh, (2) a history of the S̲h̲aibānid and As̲h̲tark̲h̲ānī Sulṭāns of Transoxiana, defective at both ends, (the first date mentioned being ah 873/1468–9) and ending with ah 1123/1711 in the reign of Abū ’l-Faiḍ M. b. S. Subḥān-Qulī K̲h̲ān: Bodleian 169 (n.d.).

§ 511. Anonymous account of the murder of Abū ’l-Faiḍ K̲h̲ān of Buk̲h̲ārā in 1747: Buk̲h̲ārā Central Lib. (see Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 18, where a reference is given to Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan. Avgust—Dekabr’ 1920 g. (Pril. k protok. Zased. Old. Istorichesk. Nauk i Philologii Ross. Akad. Nauk 29 iyunya 1921 g.) p. 58).

§ 512. Qāḍi M. Wafāʾ b. Ẓahīr (?)¹⁵ Karmīnagī.

Tuḥfat al-K̲h̲ānī, a history of events in Transoxiana from 1134/1722 to 1170/1756–7 especially the career of the Mang̲h̲it Atālīq M. Raḥīm, K̲h̲ān of Buk̲h̲ārā, who assumed the title of K̲h̲ān in 1170/1756–7 and who died in 1172/1758–9: Leningrad Asiat. Mus. c. 581b (see Barthold’s articles in the Ency. Isl. on Buk̲h̲ārā and K̲h̲oḳand), Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 33 (?), 40, Tashkent Kahl pp. 28–9 (cf. Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 8 and Ukazatel’ p. 15, where a reference is given to Validov Nekotorye dannye po istorii Fergany xviii stoletiya (Prot. Turk. Kruzhka lyubit. arkheobgii, god. xx, vyp. 2) pp. 14–15 and 20–42).

§ 513. Zain al-Dīn M. Amīn Ṣadr Kās̲h̲g̲h̲arī, originally of Qunduz, arrived at Buk̲h̲ārā in the reign of the Amīr S̲h̲āh Murād Maʿṣūm and was afterwards governor of Samarqand.

Durar al-ak̲h̲bār, a large history (precise subject not stated by Semenov) written in 1190/1776: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 69 (incomplete. cf. Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 17, where a reference is given to Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turk. Avg.-Dek. 1920 g. p. 59).

¶ § 514. Tārīk̲h̲ i Amīr Maʿṣūm, apparently a history of the Mang̲h̲it Amīr S̲h̲āh Murād Maʿṣūm (reigned ah 1199/1785–1215/1800): Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 17.

§ 515. M. S̲h̲arīf b. M. Naqī composed in 1215/1801 at the request of the Amīr Ḥaidar (reigned ah 1215/1800–1242/1826) his

Tāj al-tawārīk̲h̲, a history of the As̲h̲tark̲h̲ānids and Mang̲h̲its to the time of the Amīr Ḥaidar: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 10, where the author’s father is called M. Taqī (cf. Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 8 and Ukazatel’ p. 10, where a reference is given to a short description by A.Z. Validov in his article O sobraniyakh rukopisei v Bukharskom khanstve (in Zapiski Vostoch. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva xxiiii) pp. 251–2).

§ 516. Mīrzā Sang [sic ?] Muḥammad Badak̲h̲s̲h̲ī wrote

Tārīk̲h̲ i Badak̲h̲s̲h̲ān, a history from ah 1068/1658 to ah 1223/1809: ms. in private possession (see Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 9 and Ukazatel’ p. 11, where a reference is given to Validov Vostochnye rukopisi v Ferganskoi oblasti (in Zap. Vost Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva xxii) p. 303).

Continuation to the beginning of the 20th century: by Mullā Faḍl Bek Us̲h̲ī (see Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 9, where a reference is given to A.Z. Validov Vostochnye rukopisi etc. pp. 303 and 311).

§ 517. Mīr ʿAbd al-Karīm “Nadīm” b. Ismāʿīl Buk̲h̲ārī was appointed kahyā to Mīr ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn in 1219/1804–5, when the latter was sent from Buk̲h̲ārā as ambassador to the court of Russia, and with him spent nine months at St. Petersburg, an unstated period at Moscow and eight months at Astrakhan. In 1222/1807 he accompanied another ambassador from Buk̲h̲ārā via Russia to Constantinople. Here he married. In the preface to his history he describes himself as being, in 1233/1818, private secretary (sir-kātib) to the Buk̲h̲āran ambassador at Constantinople. He had travelled fairly extensively and he tells us that he twice visited Kashmir, the first time at the age of sixteen.

(Afg̲h̲ān wa Kābul wa Buk̲h̲ārā wa K̲h̲īwaq wa K̲h̲ōqand K̲h̲ānlarīniñ aḥwāl),¹⁶ a valuable history of Central Asia from 1160/1747, the year of Aḥmad S̲h̲āh Durrānī’s accession, to 1233/1818, the date of composition, written for ʿĀrif Bey, the Master of Ceremonies: Blochet i 635 (defective. ah 1264/1847, from ‘Ārif Bey’s library).

Edition with French translation: Histoire de l’Asie centrale (Afghanistan, Boukhara, Khiva, Khoqand) dernières années du règne de Nadir Châh ¶ (1153), jusqu’en 1233 de l’Hégire (1740–1818) par Mir Abdoul Kerim Boukhary publiée, traduite et annotée par Charles Schefer. 2 vols. Paris (the text printed at Būlāq) 1876°* (Publications de l’Ecole des Langues Orientales Vivantes, i).

[Histoire de l’Asie centrale, text, pp. 2–4, 24, 104, trans., pp. iii, 1–4, 51, 236; Ency. Isl. under ʿAbd al-Karīm Buk̲h̲ārī (Barthold).]

§ 518. Mīrzā Ṣādiq “Ṣādiq” Muns̲h̲ī was secretary to Amīr Ḥaidar (reigned ah 1215/1800–1242/1826), the successor of the Amīr S̲h̲āh Murād Maʿṣūm.

(1)

A short metrical history of S̲h̲āh Murād: Tashkent (private library of Prof. Semenov. Autograph. See Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 8).

(2)

Tārīk̲h̲ i salāṭīn i Mang̲h̲itīyah: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 19.

(3)

Dak̲h̲ma i s̲h̲āhān, a poem containing a collection of chronograms for events during the reign of Amīr Ḥaidar: Tashkent (private library of Prof. Semenov. Autograph).

(4)

Ḥaidar-nāmah, a collection of chronograms for events in the time of Amīr Ḥaidar (identical with the preceding work ?): Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 17, where a reference is given to Validov Nekotorye dannye po istorii Fergany xviii stoletiya (Prot. Turk. Kruzhka lyubit. arkheologii, god. xx, vyp. 2), p. 46).

[Raḥmat Allāh Tuḥfat al-aḥbāb 162–5; Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov p. 8 no. 19.]

§ 519. Fatḥ-nāmah i Ḥaidarī or Ḥaidar-nāmah, a verse history of the exploits of the Amīr Ḥaidar of Buk̲h̲ārā (ad 1799 [sic]–1826) including a detailed account of his campaigns against K̲h̲ōqand: K̲h̲ōqand (in private possession (?). See Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 22, where a reference is given to A.Z. Validov Vostochnye rukopisi v Ferganskoi oblasti (Zapiski Vost. Otd. Imp. Russ. Arkheol. Obshchestva xxii), p. 304).

§ 520. M. S̲h̲arīf and ʿIbād Allāh composed

Multaqaṭ al-tawārīk̲h̲, a history of the Amīrs of Buk̲h̲ārā, S̲h̲āh Murād (ah 1199/1785–1215/1800) and Ḥaidar (ah 1215/1800–1242/1826): ms. in private possession (see Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 26, where a reference is given to A.Z. Validov Nekotorye dannye po ist. Fergany v xviii stoletiya (Prot. Turk Kruzhka lyubit. arkheologii, god. xx, vyp. 2), p. 26).

§ 521. M. Yaʿqūb Buk̲h̲ārī wrote ah 1244/1828–9 in the reign of Naṣr Allāh

A history of the Mang̲h̲its (see Semenov Ukazatel’ correction slip at end, where the whereabouts of the ms. are not stated, but a reference is given to Barthold O nekot. vost. rukop. in Aziat. Sborn., 1919, pp. 925–6).

¶ § 522. M. Yaʿqūb¹⁷ wrote probably in the thirties of the 19th century

Guls̲h̲an al-mulūk, a history of the East from the time of the Prophet to that of the Amīr Naṣr Allāh K̲h̲ān of Buk̲h̲ārā (reigned ah 1242/1827–1277/1860) containing chapters of special importance on the S̲h̲aibānids, As̲h̲tark̲h̲ānids and Mang̲h̲its: Tashkent Central Asian State Lib. (see Kahl 2–4, Semenov Kurzer Abriss p. 8 and Ukazatel’ p. 23, where a reference is given to W. Barthold’s Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan. Avgust-Dekabr’ 1920 g., pp. 54–5), Buk̲h̲ārā Central Lib. (see Semanov Kurzer Abriss, p. 8).

§ 523. Prince Ḥusain, son of the Amīr S̲h̲āh Murād, wrote in the thirties of the 19th century

Mak̲h̲āzin al-taqwā fī tarīk̲h̲ Buk̲h̲ārā, a valuable history of the Mang̲h̲its: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 101 (cf. Semenov Kurzer Abriss, p. 8).

§ 524. Tārīk̲h̲ i Sulṭān Saiyid Amīr Naṣr Allāh,¹⁸ or Tārīk̲h̲ i Sulṭānī: Chanykov 81a (cf. Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 12), 82 (ah 1263/1847).

§ 525. Mīrzā S̲h̲ams, or Mīrzā Yūsufov, Buk̲h̲ārī was born in 1804. His father, Mīrzā Yūsuf, was in the secretariat of Mīr Ḥaidar, and his grandfather, Mīrzā Yaʿqūb, was daftar-dār in the reign of Dāniyāl Atālīq. His sister was married to Mīr Ḥaidar’s eldest son, Mīr Ḥusain. From childhood, therefore, Mīrzā S̲h̲ams was in close contact with the court of Buk̲h̲ārā. After the death of Mīr Ḥusain, to whom he had been page, he entered first the service of his brother ʿUmar and then that of Mīr Ḥaidar’s second son Naṣr Allāh, whom he accompanied on his victorious entry into Buk̲h̲ārā. Fearing, however, to share the fate of other adherents of Mīr Ḥusain and ‘Umar, he fled to K̲h̲ōqand, where the dethroned ‘Umar had found refuge with the K̲h̲ān, Muḥammad ʿAlī. Not long afterwards he returned to Buk̲h̲ārā and, after travelling for five or six years in Russia, settled down in Orenburg as a merchant. In 1845–9 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca by way of Moscow, Odessa, Constantinople and Jerusalem. In 1860 he set out again for Mecca. In 1859 at the request of V.V. Grigor’ev, Civil Governor of the Orenburg Kirghizes, who had done him a service, he wrote down the reminiscences of his early years in Buk̲h̲ārā and Kashgharia.

¶ Bayān i baʿḍ i ḥawādit̲h̲āt i Buk̲h̲ārā u K̲h̲uwāqand u Kās̲h̲g̲h̲ar, a sketch of events in Buk̲h̲ārā etc. from ad 1740, the date of Nādir S̲h̲āh’s campaign in Transoxiana, to the time of Amīr Naṣr Allāh: ms. given by the author to V.V. Grigor’ev.

Edition (omitting the part anterior to Mīr Ḥaidar’s accession): O nyekotorykh sobytiyakh v Bukharye, Khokandye i Kashgarye. Zapiski Mirzy-Shemsa Bukhari, izdannyya v tekstye, s perevodom i primyechaniyami, V.V. Grigor’evym [Persian text [38 pp.] with Russian translation and notes by V.V. Grigor’ev. Persian title as given above. Reprinted from the Memoirs of the Imperial University of Kazan], Kazan 1861°* (i.o. Eur. Tr. 745).

[Autobiographical statements; Grigor’ev’s Russian preface to his edition.]

§ 526. (History of the Mang̲h̲it dynasty), written in the time of Amīr ʿAbd al-Aḥad (ad 1885–1910): Buk̲h̲ārā Central Lib. (see Semenov Ukazatel’ p. 29, where a reference is given to W. Barthold Otchet o komandirovke v Turkestan. Avgust— Dekabr 1920 g. (Pril. k protok. Zased. Otd. Istorichesk. Nauk i Philobgii Ross. Akad. Nauk 29 iyunya 1921 g) p. 58).

§ 527. M. Taqī K̲h̲ān “Ḥakīm” has already been mentioned (p. 188 supra) as the author of the Ganj i dānis̲h̲.

Tārīk̲h̲ i Mā warāʾ al-Nahr. Edition: Bombay 1310/1892–3 (see Āṣafīyah i p. 230 no. 527).

§ 528. The following list, derived almost entirely from A.A. Semenov’s Katalog rukopisei istoricheskogo otdela Bukharskoi Tsentralnoi Biblioteki, Tashkent 1925, contains some works which certainly relate to Buk̲h̲ārā, but others are included here merely on the chance that they may be relevant.

(1)

Ak̲h̲bār i Buk̲h̲ārā: Salemann-Rosen p. 12 no. 604.

(2)

Ḥadīqat al-Iram [sic]: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 62 (defective at beginning).

(3)

Jāmiʿ al-tawārīk̲h̲, by S.M. Buk̲h̲ārī: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 58.

(4)

Majmaʿah i kātibīn, by Mirzā Fatḥ Allāh: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 100.

(5)

Maktūbāt i Amīr i Buk̲h̲ārā, letters relating to S̲h̲āh Murād: Chanykov 83.

(6)

Mālik al-mamālik, by Qāriʾ Raḥmat Allāh “Wāḍiḥ” Buk̲h̲ārī:¹⁹ Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 96.

(7)

Manāqib i … Buk̲h̲ārā, by Muḥammad [?]: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 108.

(8)

¶ Nas̲h̲r [sic, for Nat̲h̲r ?] al-jawāhir, by ʿAlī Mullā Ḥasanī: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 111.

(9)

Qiṣaṣ i Ḥusainī, written in 1002/1593–4 by M. Ḥusain b. Bāqī al-Buk̲h̲ārī: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 90.

(10)

Rauḍat al-ansāb, written in 1110/1698–9 by M. Badīʿ b. Mīrzā Badak̲h̲s̲h̲ī: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 76.

(11)

Rauḍat al-Riḍwān [sic] wa-ḥadīqat al-g̲h̲ilmān written in 916/1510–11 by Badr al-Dīn b. ʿAbd al-Salām Kas̲h̲mīrī: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 78.

(12)

Risālah i G̲h̲aibī, written in 1335/1916–17 by G̲h̲aib Allāh Wapkandi [?]: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 72.

(13)

Safar-nāmah i Petrōgrād [sic], written in 1310/1892–3 by S. Amīr ʿAbd al-Aḥad Bahādur K̲h̲ān, Amīr of Buk̲h̲ārā: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 82. According to Semenov an edition of this work, with Russian translation by Golubinov, was privately printed and copies were presented by the author to highly-placed persons.

(14)

S̲h̲ajarah i Turk (?), a translation of the Eastern-Turkish S̲h̲ajarah i Turk²⁰ of Abū ’l -G̲h̲āzī Bahādur K̲h̲ān, ruler of K̲h̲wārazm, who began the work in 1074/1663, the year of his death, and entrusted the completion of it to his son, Anūs̲h̲ah Muḥammad, who wrote the part from 1054/1644 onwards and finished it in 1076/1665: Chanykov 73.

(15)

Tad̲h̲kirah i Bug̲h̲rah-K̲h̲ānī: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 45, Breslau Richter 55 (the latter, possibly not identical with the former, is said to be by Aḥmad b. Saʿd al-Dīn ʿAlāraʿī).

(16)

Tārīk̲h̲ i Mang̲h̲itīyah: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 33.

(17)

Tārīk̲h̲ i s̲h̲ahādat i ʿAbd Allāh K̲h̲ān by Maulawī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 23.

(18)

Tārīk̲h̲ i Walī, by Nad̲h̲r M. Nesʾ [?]: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 37.

(19)

Tuḥfah i s̲h̲āhī, by ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm Sāmī [?]: Buk̲h̲ārā Semenov 42.

(20)

Waqāʾiʿ i tasalluṭ i Rūsiyā bar Āsiyā (English title: Russian supremacy in Central Asia, being a brief account, historical, geographical, and ethnological of the Central Asian or Turanian Khanates, down to the present time, prepared from various sources and written in simple modern Persian by Maulavi Abdul Wali. Edition: Āgrah 1900°* (“new edition”).

next chapter: 5.2 Farg̲h̲ānah