In Volume 3: Lexicography; Grammar; Prosody, and Poetics; Rhetoric, Riddles, and Chronograms; Ornate Prose; Proverbs; Tales

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¶ § 671. M. b. ʿAlī … Ibn Bābawaih al-Qummī, called al-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Ṣadūq, died at Rai in 381/991–2 (see pl. i § 262, Ency. Isl. [1st ed.] under Ibn Bābūya (Hidayet Hosain), [2nd ed. under Ibn Bābawayh (i) (Fyzee) V. S.] Brockelmann i p. 187, Sptbd. i p. 321). In his Arabic work entitled Kamāl al-dīn wa-tamām al-niʿmah (or Ikmāl al-dīn wa-itmām al-niʿmah, both forms of the title being current) he inserted the story of Bilauhar and Yūd̲h̲āsaf, a legend of Buddhist origin,¹ and a Persian translation of his version was included by M. Bāqir Majlisī (see pl. i § 247, etc.) in his ʿAin al-ḥayāt (see Browne Pers. Cat. 26, Eth 2668, etc.).

(Qiṣṣah i Bilauhar u Yūd̲h̲āsaf) (beg. Ibn i Bābwaihi … dar kitāb i Kamāl al-dīn … ba-sanad i k̲h̲wud az M. b. Zakarīyā riwāyat kardah ast kih pāds̲h̲āhī būd dar mamālik i Hindūstān): Rieu Suppt. 380 (33 foll. 18th cent).

The same Persian version occurs towards the end of M. Muḥsin Mustaufī’s Zubdat al-tawārīk̲h̲ (pl. i § 162) and is there described in the heading as taken from M. Bāqir’s ʿAin al-ḥayāt.

Desription of the B.M. ms. by Baron V. Rosen and S. Oldenburg with extensive extracts: Zapiski Vost. Otd. Imp. Russk. Arkh. Obshch. iii (1888) pp. 273–6, iv (1889) pp. 229–65.

Edition [of Majlisī’s version ?]: Ṭihrān 1321/1904 (K. i Yūd̲h̲āsaf u Bilauhar i ḥakīm kih mus̲h̲tamil ast bar tamt̲h̲īlāt u mawāʿiẓ u naṣāyiḥ i anbiyā. 231 pp. Karatay p. 100).

§ 672. al-Qāḍī Abū ʿAlī al-Muḥassin b. ʿAlī al-Tanūk̲h̲ī, born in 329/940 at al-Baṣrah, was a pupil of al-Ṣūlī and of Abū ’l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, and held the office of judge at Bag̲h̲dād, al-Ahwāz and elsewhere. He died in 384/994.

[Brockelmann i p. 155, Sptbd. p. 252; Ency. Isl. under Tanūk̲hī (R. Paret); etc.]

al-Faraj baʿd al-s̲h̲iddah, anecdotes concerning relief from trouble² in fourteen bābs: mss. enumerated by Brockelmann.

Edition: Cairo 1903–4.

Persian translations:

(1)

Tarjamah i kitāb al-Faraj baʿd al-s̲h̲iddah, written about 620/1223³ by M.b.M. al-ʿAufī (for whom see pl. i § 1088) and dedicated to Malik Nāṣir al-Dīn Qabājah: Ethé 737 (beg. Ḥamd u t̲h̲anāʾ Mukarramī rā kih ins rā ¶ uns bak̲h̲s̲h̲īd u jānn rā jān dād … qadar-farmān malik i muʿaẓẓam … Nāṣir al-Dunyā wa-’l-Dīn … Abū ’l-Fatḥ Qabājah al-Sulṭānī.⁴ Contains “over three-fourths of the work” (for details see Niẓām al-Dīn Introduction to the Jawámiʿu ’l-ḥikáyát p. 94 n. 2). Date miswritten 22 Ramaḍān tisʿah t̲h̲amānīn wa-k̲h̲amsīn, perhaps 958/1551), 738 (beg. Qadar-farmān malik i muʿaẓẓam. Contents apparently much the same as in 737. a.h. 1057/1647).

Description etc.: Niẓām al-Dīn op. cit. pp. 14–18, 94.

(2)

Tarjamat al-Faraj baʿd al-shiddah wa-’l-ḍaiqah⁵ (beg. Ḥamd u t̲h̲anā Qajyūmī rā kih ʿajz i ʿuqūl i d̲h̲urrīyāt i Ādam), an amplified translation written [probably between 651/1253 and 660/1262 according to M. Niẓām al-Dīn⁶] by Ḥusain b. Asʿad b. Ḥusain al-Muʾaiyadī al-Dihistānī for the wazīr ʿIzz al-Dīn Ṭāhir b. Zangī al-Faryūmadī, who ascribes the original to al-Madāʾinī: Leningrad Pub. Lib. (see Dorn 480, where it is said that the ms. “paraît ȇtre fort ancien”), Univ. nos. 1190 and 1137 (dated 1050/1640–1 and 1072/1661–2 respectively. Romaskewicz p. 11), Rieu ii 751 (a.h. 903/1498), Suppt. 389 (defective. 17th cent.), Blochet iv 2066 (16th cent.), 2067 (17th cent.), Dresden 135 (a.h. 1000/1591–2), Lindesiana p. 224 nos. 538 ? and 332 (?) (translator’s name not mentioned in the catalogue. Circ. a.d. 1600 and circ. a.d. 1700 respectively), Ethé 733 (a.h. 1027/1618), 734–6, Cambridge 2nd Suppt. 61 (a.h. 1066/1656), 350 (18th cent.), Ellis Coll. M. 96 (a.h. 1069/1659), Bānkīpūr xvii 1661 (fragment only. 17th cent.), viii 726 (19th cent.), Ivanow 296 (18th cent.), Aumer 182, Berlin 1021 (defective at end), Majlis 680.

Editions: Bombay 1276/1859* (Faraj baʿd al-s̲h̲iddah. Maulānā Ḥusain b. Asʿad b. Ḥusain al-Dihistānī … 534 pp.); Tihrān [1954 ? ‡] (K̲h̲wurs̲h̲īd Pr. 528 pp. Cf. Probsthain’s Orientalia nova 4/1 (1952–5) p. 72 no. 1315).

Extracts: (i) [Seven tales, in Grammaire de la langue persane par A. Chodźko. Deuxième édition augmentée de textes persans inédits et d’un glossaire, Paris [Leyden printed]1883°* (ii) Dehestani’s Faraj-ba’da ¶ ’sh-shedda. Chapter IV. Text. [Edited by M.R. S̲h̲īrāzī]. Karāc̲h̲ī 1981* (pp. 29). (iii) Dehestani’s Faraj-ba’da ’sh-hidda. Chapters IV and V … In three parts. By M.R. Shirazi … Parts III. Text, notes, tranlations, etc. Karāc̲h̲ī 1918* (the i.o. copy contains only pp. 35–58 and 71–92). (iv) Faraj-baʿd-ash’-shiddat, by Husain Dehestani. Chapter VIII (Stories 1 to 42) with full notes, explanation, life of the author, an elaborate introduction &c., &c., &c., and a full translation by Moulve Mohammed Jamilur Rehman. Bombay 1919* (pp. 30, 124. There is no translation in the i.o. copy). (v) In Yādgār v/6–7 pp. 49–61.

§ 673. Ispahbad Marzbān b. Rustam b. S̲h̲arwīn belonged to the family of Bāwandī Ispahbads who ruled in Māzandarān from 45/665 until 397/1007, when Māzandarān was conquered by Qābūs b. Was̲h̲mgīr, the Ziyārid. His father Rustam, described by al-Bīrūnī (al-Āt̲h̲ār al-bāqiyah p. 39) and Ibn Isfandiyār (trans. p. 225) as the maternal uncle of Qābūs, was reigning in the years 355/966 and 367/977–8, as is shown by the existence of coins minted at Firīm, which bear his name and those dates.⁷ Marzbān, to whom al-Bīrūnī dedicated his Maqālīd ʿilm al-haiʾah and to whom he gives the title of Ispahbad of Jīljīlān,⁸ probably succeeded either to his father’s or to a neighboring principality. He was the maternal grandfather of Kai-Kāwus b. Iskandar, who mentions him in the preface to his Qābūs-nāmah,⁹ written in 475/1082–3. In Ibn Isfandiyār’s list of the celebrities of Ṭabaristān [a.h. 613/1216–17] he appears as one of the sages and philosophers (Browne’s translation p. 86) and is said to have written not only the Marzbān-nāmah but also a dīwān of poetry in the Ṭabarī dialect entitled Nīkī-nāmah.

[Ency. Isl. Under Marzubān (Kramers).]

The Marzbān-nāmah, like the Nīkī-nāmah, was in the Ṭabarī dialect.¹⁰ It seems to be lost, but early in the thirteenth century it was twice translated into standard Persian.

¶ The first of those translations, the Rauḍat al-ʿuqūl, was the work of Muḥam­mad [b.] G̲h̲āzī al-Malaṭyawī,¹¹ for a time secretary (dabīr) and subsequently wazīr to Abū ’l-Fatḥ Rukn al-Dīn Sulaimān-Shāh b. Qilic̲h̲ Arslān, the Saljūqid Sulṭān of Rūm, who reigned from 592/1196 to 600/1204 and at whose command the unfinished translation was completed.

Rauḍat al-ʿuqūl, a version in eleven bābs completed at Malaṭya on 1 Muḥarram 598/1 Oct. 1201 and differing considerably both in contents and arrangement from Warāwīnī’s translation, which is less than half as large: Blochet iv 2040 (early 13th cent), Leyden i p. 353 no. 469 (a.h. 679/1280).

Description with three extracts: The Marzubán-náma, Leyden & London 1909, editor’s preface pp. z- yd.

Description etc.: Eine unbekannte Bearbeitung des Marzbān-nāme. Von M. Th. Houtsma (in zdmg. 52 (1898) pp. 359–92.

Edition: Le jardin des esprits … 1^re partie publiée et traduite par Henri Massé. Paris 1938 (Publications de la Société des Études Iraniennes 14; see C.P. Maisonneuve Cat. 30 no. 701).

The second translation, much better known than the first, was produced by Saʿd [al-Dīn] al-Warāwīnī,¹² from whose preface it appears that he had long been employed¹³ by K̲h̲w̲ā̲j̲a̲h̲ Rabīb al-Dīn Abū ’l-Qāsim Hārūn¹⁴ and that during a temporary period of residence at Iṣfahān, to which he had been driven by political circumstances,¹⁵ he had associated with the professors of the Madrasah i Niẓāmīyah, had shown them parts of his translation and had been encouraged by them to continue the work.

Marzbān-nāmah (beg. Ḥamd u t̲h̲anāʾī kih rawāʾiḥ i d̲h̲ikr i ān), a version completed in the reign of the Atābak [of Ād̲h̲arbāyjān] Muẓaffar al-Dīn Uzbak b. M. b. Īldigiz [607–22/1210–25], dedicated to his wazīr Rabīb al-Dīn Abū ’l-Qāsim Hārūn and divided into nine bābs and a d̲h̲ail, the last of which speaks of some merits claimed by the author for his work and of a library founded by his patron at Tabrīz: Ḥ. Kh. v p. 492 ¶ (title only), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (a.h. 740/1339–40. Dorn p. 406 no. 479), Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iv (1863) p. 54), Brit. Mus. Or. 6476 (a.h. 762/1360–1. See the editor’s Preface to the g.m.s. edition, p. yḥ), Rieu Suppt. 382 (15th cent.), 383 (a.h. 1377/1860–1), Blochet iv 2041 (a.h. 1075/1665), Istanbul Fātiḥ 3682 foll. 1–206 b (See Sindbād-nāmah, ed. Ahmed Ateş, introduction, p. 94), Topkapı Sarayı 871, Rehatsek p. 231 no.49 (a.h. 1007/1598–9), Mas̲h̲had iii fṣl. 14, mss., no. 85 (a.h. 1070/1659–60), r.a.s. P. 318 (a.h. 1086/1675–6), Majlis 586 (defective at end).

Editions: (1) The Marzubán-náma, a book of fables originally compiled in the dialect of Ṭabaristán, and translated into Persian by Saʿdu ’d-Din-i-Waráwíní. The Persian text edited by Mírzá Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdu ’l-Wahháb of Qazwín, Leyden & London: 1909°*. (Gibb Memorial, Vol. 8); (2) Ṭihrān 1932*.

Extracts: C. Schefer Chrestomathie persane, ii (Paris 1885) pp. 172–99 [Persian numerals].

Descriptions: (i) C. Schefer Chrestomathie persane ii (Paris 1885) pp. 194–211 (with a summary of the tales), (ii) V. Chauvin Bibliographie des ouvrages arabes ii (Liége 1897) pp. 210–15 (quotes Schefer’s summary of the tales).

Arabic translations or abridgments:

(1)

Marzubān-nāmah (beg. al-Ḥ.l. ’l. s̲h̲ahidat al-kāʾināt bi-wujūdihi),¹⁶ a version in eight bābs translated by Qāḍi S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn [i.e. apparently Aḥmad b. ʿArab-S̲h̲āh (d. 854/1450: see Brockelmann ii pp. 28–30, Sptbd. ii pp.24–5; Ency. Isl. under Ibn ʿArabshāh (Pedersen)) from a Turkish version: Gotha Arab. Cat. iv 2692 (a.h. 1186/1772), de Slane 3524 (18th cent.)

(2)

Marzubān-nāmah (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. aṭlaʿa s̲h̲amsa maʿrifatihi fī qulūbi aḥbābihi wa-’ṣṭafāhum bi-’l-fahm … a. b. fa-inna’llāha taʿālā qad audaʿa fī kulli d̲h̲arratⁱⁿ min mak̲hlūqātihi min al-ḥikam wa-’l-ʿibar mā lā yakādu yudrikuhu ʿuqūlu ’l-ʿuqalāʾ), a version in ten bābs likewise from the Turkish and apparently a different recension of Ibn ʿArab-S̲h̲āh’s version, since the words following ammā baʿd agree roughly with the corresponding words in the Fākihat al-k̲h̲ulafāʾ: Ahlwardt vii 8462 (circ. a.h.1150/1737).

Edition (presumably of one of the two recensions mentioned above): Marzubān-nāmah (by Ibn ʿArab-S̲h̲āh), Cairo 1278/1861^° (pp. 247. Cf. Sarkis Dictionnaire encyclopédique col. 174).

¶ That Ibn ʿArab-S̲h̲āh’s Fākihat al-k̲h̲ulafāʾ has a close connection with the Marzbān-nāmah was noticed by Chauvin, who said: “En comparant le résumé qu’on trouvera plus loin et que je me suis permis d’emprunter mot pour mot à la Notice de M^r Schefer, avec le Fâkihat d’Ibn ʿArabṡâh, on verra sans peine que ce dernier ouvrage n’est qu’une amplification poétique du Merzbâne Nâméh, à laquelle l’auteur arabe a d’ailleurs ajouté, en outre, plusieurs contes, puisés souvent à des sources persanes; l’identité frapperait, je crois, encore plus, si le vague des titres orientaux permettait de reconnaître tous les contes du livre persan”. (Bibliographie des ouvrages arabes ii p.211).

§ 674. ʿUt̲h̲mān b. ʿUmar called Kahf lived apparently in the fifth/eleventh century.

Ḥikāyāt al-ṣāliḥīn: Rieu Suppt. 393 (see pl. i § 1411 (26)).

§ 675. al-Qāsim b. ʿAlī al-Ḥarīrī was born at Mas̲h̲ān, near al-Baṣrah, in 446/1054–5 and died on 6 Rajab 516/11 September 1122. (see Brockelmann i pp. 276–8, Sptbd. i pp. 486–9; Nicholson Literary history of the Arabs pp. 329–36; Ency. Isl. under Ḥarīrī (Margoliouth); etc.).

al-Maqāmāt, tales in rhymed Arabic prose (for which see Brockelmann, Nicholson, etc.).

Persian paraphrase: Tarjamah i Maqāmāt i Ḥarīrī (beg. Ai Bār-K̲h̲udā ba-durustī kih mā mī sitāyīm Tu-rā), by an anonymous author: Ivanow 1638 (late 18th cent.).

Persian commentaries:

(1)

S̲h̲arḥ i Māqamāt i Ḥarīrī (beg. S̲h̲urūʿ mī-kunam man ba-nām i k̲h̲udāʾī kih Bak̲h̲s̲h̲āyandah ast. Fī ’l-ṣurāḥ raḥmān raḥīm bak̲h̲s̲h̲āyandah), by an anonymous author: Bānkīpūr ix 935 (a.h. 1263/1847).

(2)

S̲h̲arḥ i Maqāmāt i Ḥarīrī, a commentary giving in detail the etymology of words: Bānkīpūr ix 936 (defective at both ends, opening in 18th and breaking off in the 30th maqāmah. 19th cent.).

§ 676. Abū ’l-Futūḥ Aḥmad b. M. G̲h̲azzālī Ṭūsī, brother of the celebrated Abū Ḥāmid M. b. M. G̲h̲azzālī, died in 517/1123 or 520/1126 (see Brockelmann i p.426, Sptbd. i p. 756).

(1)

Lughat i mūrān (beg. Sp. Mubdiʿ i hamah rā kih ba-iʿtirāf i maujūdāt), instructive tales in which ants, tortoises, birds, etc. are introduced as speakers, divided into twelve faṣls and ascribed in the heading and in the colophon of the Berlin manuscript (but not in the text itself) to Aḥmad ¶ G̲h̲azzālī:¹⁷ Berlin 41 (2) (foll. 23–33 (?). Fairly old), Istanbul Ayā Sōfya 4821 (6) (ascribed to Suhrawardī); Rāg̲h̲ib Pās̲h̲ā 1480 (16) [cf. Horn Pers. Hss. no. 982 v.s.].

(2)

Risālat al-ṭair (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Imām i Rabbānī Aḥmad i G̲h̲azzālī … guft Murg̲h̲ān agarc̲h̲ih bisyār būdand u k̲h̲ūy u siris̲h̲t u āwāzas̲h̲ān muk̲h̲talif būd), a short allegorical Ṣūfī story:¹⁸ Ivanow 1st Suppt. 875 (10) (foll. 171–4. 17th cent.).

§ 677. Abū ’l-Qāsim Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-Zamak̲h̲s̲h̲arī, who was born in 467/1075 and died in 538/1144, has already been mentioned as the author of the Muqaddimat al-adab (pl. iii § 118).

Rabīʿ al-abrār, a large Arabic collection of sayings, anecdotes and miscellaneous information in ninety-eight bābs: Ahlwardt vii 8351, Brockelmann i p. 292, Sptbd. i p. 512, etc.

Persian translations:

(1)

Nasīm al-rabīʿ (beg. Ḥamd i bī-maʿdūd [sic Bkp.] Mubdiʿī rā taqaddasat asmāʾuhu kih ba-taʾthīr i ṣubḥ i iqbāl), a version in eighty-two bābs dedicated by an anonymous translator¹⁹ to Amīr Salg̲h̲ur S̲h̲āh, the wazīr, in the reign of Jalāl al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fawāris S̲h̲āh-S̲h̲ujāʿ [the Muẓaffarid, a.h. 765–86/1364–84]: Bānkīpūr viii 730 (a.h. 993/1585), Būhār 467 (transcribed from the preceding ms. 19th cent.), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ mss. p. 50 no. 11.

(2)

Zahr al-rabīʿ by Nūr al-Dīn M. b. Niʿmat Allāh Mūsawī S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī. Edition: Tabrīz 1301/1883–4 (Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 512).

It seems probable that the ms. (dated 982) of Muḥyī ’l-Dīn M. b. Qāsim b. Yaʿqūb’s Rauḍ al-ak̲h̲yār described in the catalogue of the Bibliotheca Lindesiana (p. 190 no. 73) as a [Persian] translation of the Rabīʿ al-abrār is really the well-known Arabic abridgment of that work (see Brockelmann i p. 292, Sptbd. i p. 512).

¶ § 678. Naṣr Allāh b. M. b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Abū ’l-Maʿālī, as he calls himself in his preface, is mentioned among the eminent men of S̲h̲īrāz, though doubtless only by descent a S̲h̲īrāzī, in Amīn b. Aḥmad Rāzī’s Haft iqlīm (no. 182), where he is called Naṣr Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. His grandfather, ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad, whom Amīn Rāzī supposed to be his father (but erroneonsly, if the text of Naṣr Allāh’s preface is correct), was for many years vizier to the Sulṭāns of G̲h̲aznī, Ibrāhīm b. Masʿūd (415–92/1059–99) and Masʿūd iii (492–508/1099–1114), or, according to the Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ (p. 147), Ibrāhīm b. Masʿūd and his brother [sic] Arslān-S̲h̲āh (509–12/1115–1118), and was killed in the reign of Sulṭān Bahrām-S̲h̲āh (512–47/1118–52). His great-grandfather, Abū Naṣr Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad S̲h̲īrāzī, for a time ṣāḥib-dīwān to Altūntās̲h̲ (408–23/1017–32) and his son Hārūn 423–5/1032–4) at K̲h̲wārazm, was invited to G̲h̲aznī and appointed vizier by Sulṭān Masʿūd on the death of al-Maimandī [in 424/1032: see Ency. Isl. under Maimandī], held the same post for two years in the reign of Sulṭān Maudūd (432–40/1040–8) and was poisoned at the instigation of that sulṭān’s amīrs (Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ p. 144; Haft iqlīm no. 180). Naṣr Allāh is not mentioned in the Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ, but according to the Haft iqlīm he was vizier under Sulṭān K̲h̲usrau Malik b. Bahrām-S̲h̲āh (555–83/1160–87) [by whose orders he was arrested and put to death²⁰ v.s.].

Kalilah u Dimnah²¹ (beg. Sp. u st. mar K̲h̲udāy rā jalla jalāluhu kih at̲h̲ār ί qudrat i Ū), a translation, long regarded as a model of elegance,²² from the Arabic of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muqaffaʿ,²³ dedicated to the sulṭān of G̲h̲aznīn, Bahrām-S̲h̲āh [reigned 512–47/1118/52] evidently towards the end of his reign (170 years from the foundation of the dynasty²⁴ (p. 13¹⁴ in the Tabrīz edition of 1304–5), 400 odd years from the reign of al-Manṣūr²⁵ (p. 25⁷), and not long after the death of the Caliph al-Mustars̲h̲id²⁶ (p. 21¹³)): Blochet iv 2025 = Marteau p. 191 no. xv (a few fragments (25 foll.). Pictures. Circ. a.d. 1144), 2026 (early 13th cent.), 2027 (a.h. 664/1265–6), 2028 (a.h. 678/1279–80. Pictures, described in Revue des bibliothèques 1898 p. 135), 2029 (a.h. 718/1318), 2030 (a.h. 718/1318), ¶ 2031 (circ. a.d. 1320–30. Pictures, described in Revue des bibliothèques 1898 p. 136), 2032 (a.h. 794/1392. Pictures, described in Revue des bibliothèques 1898 p. 397), 2033 (a.h. 872/1467. Pictures), Istanbul Jār Allāh 1727 (a.h. 551/1156. See jras. 1938 p. 564, where V.A. Hamdānī describes this ms. as being “in a very bad condition”), Fātiḥ 3682 foll. 207b–444b (see Sindbād-nāmah, ed. Ahmed Ateş, introd., p. 94), [and others in Istanbul? Cf. Horn Pers. Hss. no. 979. v.s.], Lindesiana p. 202 no. 68 (a.h. 616/1219), Berlin 999 (first leaf missing. a.h. 658/1259–60), Bodleian iii 2509 (a.h. 730/1330), i 430 (many small drawings), Gotha 85 (a.h. 736/1336 ?), Rosen Institut 103 (a.h. 883/1478), Āṣafīyah i p. 24 nos. 188 (a.h. 918/1512), 198, Rieu ii 745 (acephalous. a.h. 1094/1683), r.a.s. P. 329 (a.h. 1237/1821–2), Rehatsek p. 229 no. 40.

Editions: Ṭihrān 1261/1645 (336 pp. Karatay p. 26); 1270/1853–4 (420 pp. Karatay p. 26); Ṭihrān 1282/1865–6 (mentioned in the editor’s preface to the Tabrīz edition of 1304–5), 1298/1880 (429 pp. Karatay p. 26); [Ṭihrān] 1304/1887° (with illustrations. Pp. 243), Ṭihrān 1351/1932–3 (ed.ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm K̲h̲ān Garakānī. Cf. jras. 1938 p. 564); Tabrīz 1304–5/1887–8‡ (no illustrations. Pp. 369); 1318/1900–1 (see Sindbād-nāmah, ed. Ateş, p. y); Berlin 1341/1922–3 (420 pp. Karatay p. 26).

Extract with English translation: Kalileh wa Dammeh-i Behram Shāhi (The Lion and the ox) [edited and translated by] K.B. Irani [and] D.J. Irani. Bombay 1920* (pp. 43, 48).

Description etc.: Livre de Calila et Dimna, traduit en persan par Abou ’l-maali Nasrallah par M. Silvestre de Sacy (in Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale, tome x (Paris 1818 pt. 1, pp. 94–196, 265–8, 427–32).

English adaptation: Sir Arthur N. Wollaston Tales within Tales, adapted from the Fables of Pilpai (Romance of the East series), London 1909.

Commentary on the Arabic verses quoted in Naṣr Allāh’s version: Tarjama (or S̲h̲arḥ) i abyāt i Kalīla u Dimmah (beg. H. u t̲h̲anā K̲h̲udāy rā jallat asmāʾuhu wa-ʿammat naʿmāʾuhu), written in his youth by Faḍl Allāh b. ʿUt̲h̲mān b. M. al-Isfizārī and dedicated to the vizier Majd al-Daulah Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī al-Mustaufī, “the pride of K̲h̲wārazm and K̲h̲urāsān”: Rieu ii 746 b (a.h. 626/1229), Blochet iv 2034 (a.h. 676/1278).

Persian translation in a very plain style probably by Ḥaq-wīrdī (for whom see pl. i § 208) from a Turkish version of an earlier Persion translation (doubtless that of Naṣr Allāh): Bodleian 441 (beg. Sabab i taʾlīf i kitāb i K. u D. Ammā rāwī i īn kitāb gūyad kih c̲h̲ūn maʿlūm s̲h̲ud kih laqā-yi ʿālam dar sabab i ʿadl. In 16 bābs, the original ninth being omitted. 74 foll. Transcribed by Ḥaq-wīrdī at Leyden in 1052/1642).

¶ § 679. Aḥmad b. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī al-Niẓāmī al-ʿArūḍī al-Samarqandī, as he calls himself (C̲h̲ahār maqālah p.3⁵), says (ibid. p.3⁶) that for forty-five years he had been in the service of his patron’s dynasty [i.e. the S̲h̲ansabānids, for whom see Ency. Isl. [1st ed.] under G̲h̲ōrids (Longworth Dames) [2nd ed. under G̲h̲ūrids (Bosworth) v.s.]]. As the C̲h̲ahār maqālah, his only surviving work, was written about 550/1155, we shall probably not be far wrong, if we suppose that he was born about 480/1087. That his birthplace was Samarqand is highly probable. He was there at any rate in 504/1110–11, when he received some information about Rūdakī. In 506/1112–13 he met ʿUmar “K̲h̲aiyām” at Balk̲h̲. In 509/1115–16 he was at Harāt and in 510/1116–17 he went thence to Sulṭān Sanjar’s camp at Ṭūs, where he met the poet “Muʿizzī”. In the course of the same journey he visited Nīs̲h̲āpūr and he was there again in 512/1118–19, 514/1120–21 and 530/1135–6. In 547/1152–3 he was with ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn G̲h̲ōrī at the battle of Aubah, near Harāt, against Sulṭān Sanjar and after the latter’s victory he was for a time in hiding at Harāt. According to ʿAufī his poetry consisted mainly of mat̲h̲nawīs.

[Autobiographical statements (for which see Qazwīnī’s preface); Lubāb al-albāb ii pp. 207–8; Tārīk̲h̲ i guzīdah p. 826; Daulat-S̲h̲āh pp. 60–1; Haft iqlīm no.1426; Ency. Isl. under Niẓāmī ʿArūḍi (Massé).]

C̲h̲ahār maqālah, as it in usually called or Majmaʿ al-nawādir, which seems to be the correct title, (beg. Ḥ. u s̲h̲ukr u sp. mar ān Pāds̲h̲āhi rā kih ʿālam i ʿaud u maʿād rā), four discourses, each illustrated by “ten” anecdotes, concerning four classes of men whose services the author regarded as indispensable to kings, namely (1) secretaries, (2) poets, (3) astrologers, (4) physicians, “one of the most important original sources for our knowledge of the literary and scientific conditions which prevailed in Persia for the two or three centuries preceding its composition “(Browne), dedicated to Ḥusām al-Dīn Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Masʿūd [the son of Malik Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Masʿūd b. Ḥusain, S̲h̲ansabānī (G̲h̲ōrid) Prince of Bāmiyān], and completed not earlier than 547/1152, a date twice mentioned in the text, and not later than 552/1157, the date of the death of Sulṭān Sanjar, who is several times spoken of in terms implying that he was still alive: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 656 (Ch. m.), v p.405 (M. al-n.), ʿĀs̲h̲ir 285 (a.h.835/1431–2), Rieu suppt. 390 (a.h.1017/1608), 418(1) (a.h.1275/1857/8), Majlis 283 (a.h.1279/1862–3), 284, 619(2), Rehatsek p. 226 no. 31(2).

Editions: [Ṭihrān] 1305/1888^° (pp.176); a.h.s. 1310/1931–2 (in S. Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī’s Gāh-nāmah i 1311. See Majlis catalogue p.162⁶); Leyden & London 1910°* (Chahár maqála (“The four discourses”) of Aḥmad ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAlí an-Niẓámí al-ʿArúḍí as-Samarqandí, edited … by Mírzá Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdu ’l-Wahháb of Qazwín. Gibb Memorial, xi); Lahore [1924*] (Majmaʿ al-nawādir yaʿnī C̲h̲ahār maqālah. Edited with Urdu ¶ preface and footnotes, and an English glossary, by Fīrōz Ḥasan Baṭ); Allāhābād 1932* (edited with preface and footnotes by Maulawī M. Rafīʿ).

English translation: The Chahár maqála-“Four Discourses”-of Nid̲h̲ámí-i-ʿArūḍī-i-Samarqandí. Translated … by E.G. Browne (in jras., London 1899°*, pp. 613–63,757–845); The Chahár maqála … Translated … by E.G. Browne. Reprinted from the Journal of the Royal asiatic society, London 1900°* (Asiatic Society Monographs, vol. vi. pp.139); Revised translation of the Chahár maqála … of Niẓámí-i-ʿArúḍí of Samarqand, followed by an abridged translation of Mírzá Muḥammad’s notes to the Persian text by E.G. Browne London 1921°* (Gibb Memorial, xi, 2).

§ 680. M. b. Abī M. b. M. Ibn Ẓafar al-Ṣaqalī al-Makkī died at Ḥamāh in 565/1169–70.

[Irs̲h̲ād al-arīb vii p. 102; Wafayāt al-aʿyān (Cairo1310) i p. 522; Bug̲h̲yat al-wuʿāh p. 59; Ency. Isl. under Ibn Ẓafar; Brockelmann i pp. 351–2, Sptbd. i pp. 595–6; etc.]

Sulwān al-muṭāʿ fī ʿudwān al-atbāʿ, a collection of Arabic tales and fables extant in two editions, of which the first is dated 545/1150–1 and the second 554/1159. For mss., printed editions and translations see Brockelmann i p.352, Sptbd. i p. 595 and for a summery of the tales Chauvin Bibliographies ii pp.177–87.

Persian translation: Riyāḍ al-mulūk (H. K̲h̲. adds fī riyāḍat al-sulūk) (beg. Ilaika wa-illā lā tusāqu al-rakāʾibu *), an amplified and rearranged translation divided into a muqaddimah (dar taʿrīf i kitāb …), five bābs (on tafwīḍ, taʾassī, ṣabr, riḍā and zuhd respectively) and a k̲h̲ātimah (in praise of S̲h̲. Uwais Jalāʾir), written at Bag̲h̲dad by Niẓām²⁷ and presented there in 768/1366–7 to S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Uwais Jalāʾir, by whom the author had prevouisly been received favourably at Tabrīz: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 611, Bānkipūr Suppt. ii 2032 (17th cent.), apparently also Rehatsek p.225 no. 29.

§ 681. M. b. ʿAlī b. M. b. al-Ḥasan al-Kātib al-Samarqandī (so Leyden iii p. 14), or M. b. ʿAlī b. M. b. al-Ḥasan al-Ẓahīrī al-Kātib al-Samarqandī (so Sinbād̲-nāme ed. Ateş p. 20⁷), or Bahāʾ al-Dīn M. b. ʿAlī b. M. b. Ḥusain al-Ẓahīr al-Kātib al-Samarqandī, has already been mentioned (pl. i § 1455) as the author of the Aʿrāḍ al-siyāsah fī ag̲h̲rāḍ al-riʾāsah, dedicated to “Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Qilic̲h̲ Ṭamg̲h̲āc̲h̲²⁸ K̲h̲āqān b. Jalāl al-Dīn”, i.e. according to Barthold (Turkestan p. 18) ¶ Qilic̲h̲ Tamg̲h̲āc̲h̲ K̲h̲ān Masʿūd b. ʿAlī, who “ascended the throne, judging from his coins, in 558/1163” (op. cit. p. 336), or Rukn al-Dīn Qilij Ṭamg̲h̲āj K̲h̲āqān b. Masʿūd b. al-Ḥusain according to S.-n. ed. Ateş p. 14¹.

Sindbād-nāmah, or Kitāb i Sindbād, the tale of the king’s son and the seven viziers,²⁹ translated in the first instance from the Pahlawī into simple and unadorned Persian by K̲h̲wājah ʿAmīd Abū ’l-Fawāris Qanāwarzī at the command of Amīr Nāṣir al-Dīn Abū Ḥāmid Nūḥ b. Manṣūr Sāmānī [reigned 366–87/976–97] and long afterwards, when Qanāwarzī’s version had almost fallen into oblivion, retold (apparently on the basis of that version) “with all the elegances of polite speech” (Rieu ii 749a, l. 11) by M. b. ʿAlī b. M. Samarqandī and dedicated to Rukn al-Dīn … Qutlug̲h̲ Bilgā Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Qilic̲h̲ Ṭamg̲h̲āc̲h̲ K̲h̲ān b. Qilic̲h̲ Qarā K̲h̲ān [i.e., according to Barthold, the afore-mentioned dedicatee of the Aʿrāḍ al-siyāsah], who “is described as a great monarch, who had returned after a long absence to his hereditary dominions, and who, after vanquishing his foes in Tūrān in the year fifty-six (i.e. a.h. 556), had restored peace and the reign of justice in his vast empire” (Rieu ii 748 b): H. K̲h̲. iiip.620, Amasya Bāyazīd Kutub-k̲h̲ānah (a.h.605/1208–9. See jras.1938 p.564), Fātiḥ 3682 foll. 445b–579b, (see Ateş ed. p.93), ʿĀs̲h̲ir³⁰ 861 (a.h. 985/1577. See jras. ibid.), Rieu ii 748 a (lacking first leaf. Beg Āghāz i kitāb. Bi-bāyad dānist kih īn kitāb jamʿ kardah i ḥukamā-yi ʿAjam ast u ba-lug̲h̲at i Pahlawī būdah ast tā rūzgār i Amīr Nāṣir al-Dīn Abū Hāmid Nūḥ… (see al-Muẓaffarīyah p. 258, where some more lines one quoted). a.h. 1031/1622), r.a.s. P. 337 (“Jāmiʿ ul Hikāyat. Vol. iv.” foll. 1–117. 18th or early 19th cent. See al-Muẓaffariyah p. 259), presumably also in other mss. of the Jāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt (see § 717 infra), Upsala Zetterstéen 473 (4)(defective at end), and doubtless also ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 52 no. 13 (Qiṣṣah i Sindbād, by M.b. ʿAlī. a.h. 1222/1807).

Edition: Sindbād̲-nāme yazan Muḥammed b. ʿAlī aẓ-Ẓahīrī as-Samar­qandī arapça Sinbād-nāme ile birlikte mukaddime vehaşiyelerle neşreden Ahmed Ateş. Istānbūl 1948 (Istanbul Üniversitesi Yayınlarından No. 343 Edebiyat Fakültesi Şarkiyat Enstitüsü Neşriyatı).

¶ Description etc.: O persidskoi prozaicheskoi versii “Knigi Sindbāda”, by S. Ol’denburg (in al-Muẓaffarīyah. Sbornik statei uchenikov professora Barona Viktora … Rozena (St. Petersburg 1897) pp. 253–78).

Greek translation: Μυθολογικον Συντιπα του φιλοσοφου τα πλειστα περιεργον. ΄Εκ τῆς Περσικης γλωσσης µεταφρασθὲν,Venice 1849 (Katalog d. Bibl. d. D.M.G. Erster Bd., Drucke, p. 365).

English translation: The Book of Sindibād; or The story of the king, his son, the damsel, and the seven vazīrs. From the Persian and Arabic, with introduction, notes, and appendix, by W.A. Clouston Glasgow 1884°* (privately printed, 50 copies only. 385 pp.).

Cf. Analytical account of the Sindibad Namah, or Book of Sindibad, a Persian manuscript poem … by F. Falconer (Extracted from the Asiatic Journal). London 1841* (38 pp.).

§ 682. al-Qāḍi Ḥamīd al-Dīn Abū Bakr ʿUmar b. Maḥmūd al-Maḥmūdī al-Balk̲h̲ī, whose Maqāmāt are praised by “Anwarī”, his costemporary, in a poem from which Browne has translated some lines, died according to Ibn al-At̲h̲īr in 559/1164. The titles of several works written by him are mentioned by ʿAufī, but all except the Maqāmāt seem to he lost.

[Lubāb al-albāb i pp. 198–200 (where he is called al-Qāḍī … Ḥamīd al-Millah wa-’l-Din …ʿUmar b. Maḥmūd al-Maḥmūdī al-Balk̲h̲ī); Ibn al-At̲h̲īr al-Kāmil (ed.Tornberg) xi p. 207 (where he is called al-Qāḍī Abū Bakr al-Maḥmūdī); Haft iqlīm no. 562; Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 57 (where he is called al-Qādī Ḥamīd al-Dīn Abū Bakr b. [sic?] ʿUmar b. Maḥmūd al-Balk̲h̲ī); Browne Lit. hist. ii pp.346–9; biography by “S̲h̲amīm” Hamadānī in the Tabrīz edition of 1312/1933, pp. 239–43; Yādgār i/7 pp. 25–38 (cf. Oriens i p. 140).]

(Maqāmāt i Ḥamīdī) (beg. al-H. l. ’l. s̲h̲arrafanā bi-’l-ʿilm al-rāsik̲h̲), twenty-three, twenty-four or twenty-five³¹ maqāmāt modelled on those of Badīʿ [al-Zāman] Hamadānī and Abū ’l-Qāsim Ḥarīrī, dealing “for the most part with scenes of personal adventure and travel, and with dialogues between typical characters” (Rieu), but having as their main ¶ object “the display of an exuberant richness of diction and of that jingling parallelism which Ḥarīrī had brought into fashion “(Rieu), begun in Jumādā ii 551/1156 but not completed until some years later, since one of the last maqāmahs (the 22nd in the b.m. m.s, the 24th in the Tabrīz edition of 1312/1933) contains metrical lists of the Caliphs in Arabic and Persian ending with al-Mustanjid, who reigned from 555/1160 to 566/1170: Ḥ. K̲h̲ vi p. 57, Blochet iv 2018 (a.h. 633/1236), (a.h. 904/1498), 2023 (a.h. 1084/1674), Rieu ii 747a (23 māqāmāt 13th cent.), iii 1003 b (circ. a.d. 1850), Berlin 996 (1) (a.h. 907/1502), Rehatsek p. 232 no. 53 (25 maqāmāt. Author not stated. a.h. 1086/1675), p. 233 no. 54 (25 maqāmāt. Author not stated. a.h. 1202/1787–8), Mehren 82 (lacking preface, Maqāmāh i and part of Maqāmāh ii a.h. 1115/1703–4), Bodleian 1334 (25 maqāmāt.³² a.h. 1197/1783), Bānkīpūr ix 937 (a.h. 1263/1847), Leningrad Pub. Lib a.h. 1264/1848. See Chanykov 42), Āṣafīyah i p.132 no. 55 (a.h. 1268/1851–2), Cambridge 2nd Suppt. 166 (19th cent), Sipahsālār ii p. 93 (breaks off in Maqāmah xix. 19th cent).

Editions: [Cawnpore] 1268/1852°* (pp. 132); [Ṭihrān] 1290/1873° (pp. 211); Lucknow 1879° (pp. 132); Tabrīz a.h.s. 1312/1933‡ ed. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar “S̲h̲amīm” Hamadānī. Pp. 243).

Description: Browse Lit. list ii pp.346–9.

§ 683. Abū Bakr M. b. ʿAbd al-Malik Ibn Ṭufail al-Qaisī died in 581/1185 (see Brockelmann i p. 460, Sptbd. i p.830).

Risālah i Ḥaiy b. Yaqẓān, in Arabic: see Brockelmann.

Persian translation: Tarjamah i Dāstān i Ḥ. b. Y., completed in 1341/1923 by Ḥāʾirī as a part of his work Wadāʾiʿ al-asrār: [Tihrān ?] 1343/1924–5 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 296).

§ 684. On 4. Jumādā [i] 585/20 June 1189, in compliance with the request of some friends for a story, Farāmurz b. K̲h̲udādād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-kātib al-Arrajānī began to prepare a redaction of the Kitāb i Samak i ʿAiyār, the [original] author (muṣannif) of wich was Ṣadaqah b. Abī ’l-Qāsim S̲h̲īrāzī.³³

Kitāb i Samak i ʿAiyār (beg. of the preface: C̲h̲ūn maʿlūm s̲h̲ud kih ba-nām i K̲h̲udhāy i Jahān-āfrīn i Padīd̲h̲-ārand [sic] i Karīmī kī dar maidān i ¶ ṣifātas̲h̲ dilāwarān dar mānand … a. b. c̲h̲unīn riwāyat kunad rāwī i qiṣṣah i Ṣadaqah b. Abī ’l-Qāsim i S̲h̲īrāzī jamʿ-āwarandah i kitāb Farāmurz b. K̲h̲ud̲h̲ādād̲h̲ b. ʿAbd Allāh al-kātib al-Arrajānī kī waqtī az auqāt jamāʿatī az dūstān i muwāfiq ḥikāyaṭ az man dar-k̲h̲wāst kardand), the story of K̲h̲wurs̲h̲īd-S̲h̲āh, son of the king of Aleppo Marzbān-S̲h̲āh, and his half-brother Farruk̲h̲-rūz, the efforts of the former to win the hand of Mah-Parī, daughter of the Fag̲h̲fūr of China, and the help rendered to him by Samak the Brigand: Bodleian 442 (3 vols., defective at the end and elsewhere. Illustrated. 12th or 13th cent.).

Translation of an extract (or summary?): The Three dervishes and other Persian tales and legends for the most part translated from hitherto unpublished Bodleian Mss. by Reuben Levy, London 1923 (The World’s Classics, ccl iv), pp.175–210.

§ 685. The oldest of the extant Persian redactions of the Bak̲h̲tyār-nāmah was written by an unknown author at Samarqand, dedicated to Tāj al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. M. b. ʿAbd al-Karīm (see below) (as he is called in the Leyden ms., doubtless more correctly than in Bodleian 476, where he appears as M. b. ʿAbd al-Karīm). Having examined the Leyden Ms., Nöldeke came to the conclusion that this version was composed about 600/1204 and that it was based on a considerably earlier Persian redaction now lost.

Bak̲h̲tyār-nāmah, the story of King Āzād-bak̲h̲t and his protégé Bak̲h̲tyār, who is calumniated by the king’s ten viziers and condemned to death but on ten successive days secures the postponement of his execution by telling a story appropriate to his situation and on the eleventh day is proved to be the king’s long-lost son abandoned in infancy during his father’s flight from his kingdom and afterwards brought up by robbers:³⁴

i. Lamʿat al-sirāj li-ḥaḍrat al-Tāj³⁵ (beg (in Bodl. 476) Ḥ. u sp. u. st. i bī-q. K̲h̲āliqī rā kih asās az nuqṭah i nuṭfah nuqūs̲h̲ i nufūs i insān rā az ṣafḥah i ʿadam raqam farmūd), an ornate redaction (tarṣīʿ u tasjīʿ i B.-n., as it is called in the author’s colophon³⁶) written at Samarqand, dedicated to Tāj al-Dīn Maḥmūd b. M. b ʿAbd al-Karīm, “a nobleman or prince ¶ of K̲h̲urâsân and Transoxania” (Ethé), or rather, it would seem, a vizier³⁷ and divided into ten bābs: Blochet iv 2035 (a.h. 663/1265), 2041 fol. 236 a (lacks first leaf. 1st half of 13th cent.), Leyden i p. 359 no. 494 (a.h. 695/1296 (see zdmg. 45 (1891) p. 101). This is the ms. utilised by Nöldeke for his article Ueber die Texte des Buches der zehn Veziren, besonders über eine alte persische Recension desselben in zdmg. 45 (1891) pp. 97–143), Bodleian 476(1).

ii. Bak̲h̲tyār-nāmah (beg. in Dastgirdī’s edition, Ᾱwardah and kih malikī būd dar mulk i ʿAjam k̲h̲udāwand i tāj u tak̲h̲t u ʿalam kih nām i ū Ᾱzād-bak̲h̲t būd), by S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. “Daqāʾiqī” Marwazī and dedicated to Qilic̲h̲ Tamg̲h̲āc̲h̲ K̲h̲ān Jalāl al-Dīn Ibrāhīm b. al-Ḥusain. Editions: Tabrīz 1294/1877 (? see Berthels’ ed., introd, and Dastgirdī’s ed., introd. p. alif); Leningrad 1926 (ed. Berthels. Cf. Ocherk p. 197); Ṭihrān a.h.s. 1310/1932* (Title: B-n. yādgār i adabī i ʿaṣr i Sāsānī u tarjamah i Ustād Daqāyiqī i Marwāzī az Pahlawī ba-Pārsī. Pp. 88, 36. Ed. Waḥīd Dastgirdī from Berthels’ ed. Printed piecemeal in Armag̲h̲ām before publication as a supplement.)

iii. Various redactions of the same story: Blochet iv 2036 fol. 2b (a modernised version in ten chapters without introduction. a.h. 809/1406), 2037 (similar to 2036. Late 16th cent.), 2038(similar to 2037. Translation in the 17th cent. by a French Jesuit from a ms. dated 944/1538), 2039 (a different recension, slightly defective at end early 17th cent.), Rehatsek p.220 no.14 (a.h. 1077/1666), Caetani 16 (a.h. 1178/1764), Bodleian 491 (2) (transcribed by Sir W. Ouseley in 1797 “from this ms. Sir W. Ouseley published his edition”), 475(3) (headed Ḥikāyat dar qaḍīyah i pur-g̲h̲uṣṣah i Bak̲h̲tyār i pasandīdah-s̲h̲iʿār u dah wazīr i nā-ba-kār u āmadan i Farruk̲h̲-suwār u ba-murād rasīdan i ān ʿālī-miqdār u bayān i ḥālāt i wazīrān u k̲h̲uṣūmat i īs̲h̲ān. Acquired by Sir W. Ouseley in 1811), 477 (2) (from the middle of the 6th tale onwards. Differs in wording form 475(3). Modern), Ethé 859 (2) (beg. al-Ḥ. l … Bi-dān-kih īn kitāb yādgār i pāds̲h̲āhān ast u Bak̲h̲tyār-nāmah kih fāḍilān taṣnīf kardah and tā ṭālibān rā u k̲h̲wānandagān-rā pand ḥāsil āyad u īn muk̲h̲taṣar bar dah bāb ast u dar har bābī ḥikmathā guftah ast Āg̲h̲āz i dāstān i Bak̲h̲tyār-nāmah in ast C̲h̲unīn riwāyat mī-kunand kih dar diyār i ʿAjam pāds̲h̲āh būd bā dād u ʿadl u s̲h̲ukūh. Described as a similar redaction to Bodleian 475(3), but divided into ten bābs).

¶ Editions: London 1801° (The Bakhtyār Nameh, or Story of Prince Bakhtyar and the Ten Viziers; a series of Persian tales …[Edited with English translation by] Sir W. Oursely. pp. 119, 135); Paris 1839° (Bakhtiar-namèh. Texte persan [Edited by A. de Biberstein Kazimirski, and, according to Nöldeke (zdmg. 45(1891) p.98), agreeing with Ouseley’s text, but more correct]. Pp. 127).

English translation:³⁸ The Bakhtyār Nameh … a series of Persian tales. [Translated by] Sir W. Ourseley. London 1801* (pp. 119. published also with the Persian text: see above); The Bakhtyār Nāma: a Persian romance. Translated from a manuscript text by sir W. Ouseley. Edited, with introduction and notes, by W.A. Clouston. Larkhall, Lanarkshire, 1883°* (pp. li, 232. Privately printed).

French translation: Bakhtiar nameh, ou le Favori de la fortune, conte traduit du Persan. Par M. [Daniel] Lescallier. Paris an xiii [1805°*] (Pp. 232).

Extracts: zdmg. 45 (1891) pp.114–40 (Bāb ix (Dādbīn) and a page from Bāb iii edited from the Leyden ms. with German translations by T. Nöldeke).

Discussion: “Ueber die Texte des Buches von den zehn Veziren, besonders über eine alte persische Recension desselben. Von Th. Nöldeke” (in zdmg. 45 (1891) pp. 97–143).

§ 686. M. b. M. b. Yaḥyā al-ʿAufī al-Buk̲h̲ārī, who was still alive in 628/1230–1, has already been mentioned (pl. i § 1088) as the author of the Lubāb al-albāb.

Jawāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt wa-lawāmiʿ al-riwāyāt (beg T̲h̲anā u ḥamd Mubdiʿī rā kih az bidāyat i ṣabāḥ i wujūd), a collection of about two thousand one hundred historical, biographical and other anecdotes divided into four qisms ((1) dar maʿrifat i Āfrīdgār … u d̲h̲ikr i anbiyāʾ u auliyāʾ u tawārīk̲h̲ u maʾāt̲h̲ir i mulūk, (2) dar bayān i ak̲h̲lāq i ḥamīdah u siyar i marḍīyah, (3) dar bayān i ak̲h̲lāq i mad̲h̲mūmah, (4) dar bayān i aḥwāl i ṣādir u ʿajāʾib i biḥār u bilād u ṭabāʾiʿ i ḥayawānāt, each qism containing twenty-five bābs), planned at the request of Malik Nāṣir al-Dīn Qabājah³⁹ not yet finished at his death in 625, resuscitated at the suggestion of Sulṭān Īltutmis̲h̲’s wazīr, Niẓām al-Mulk Qiwām al-Dīn M. b. ʿAlī Saʿīd al-Junaidī, the eventual dedicatee, and completed not earlier than 628/1230–1, the date of an event referred to at the end of Qism iii, bāb 18: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 510, Blochet iv 2045 = Ancien fonds 75 (Qism i and bābs 1–5 of Qism ii. a.h. 699/1300. See Niẓām al-Dīn Introduction pp. 112–3 (ms. A. “the ¶ oldest, fullest and most accurate Ms.”)), 2043 = Suppl. persan 95 (Qisms i– iv. a.h. 717/1317. see Niẓām al-Dīn op. cit p. 114 (ms. B. “correct, helpful but abridged in places”)), 2044 = Suppl. pers. 906 (Qisms i– iv, nearly complete. 14th cent. See Niẓām al-Dīn op. cit. p. 117 (ms. G. “complete, correct and reliable”)), 2046 (Qism i, bābs 1–15 only. 18 cent. N. al-D. p. 122 (ms. Y)), 2047 (Qism i. 18th cent. N. al-D. p. 123 (ms. Z)), Brit. Mus. Or. 6855 (Qisms i– iv, defective at both ends. 14th cent. N. al-D. p. 115 (ms. C. “very old, correct and helpful, but portions missing”)), Rieu suppt. 391 (Qisms ii– iv. a.h. 732/1332. N. al-D. p. 115 (ms. D. “very old, correct and reliable”)), 392 (Qism i, bābs 1–10 only. a.h. 741/1340. N. al-D. p. 116 (ms. E., “very correct”)), Rieu ii 749b (Qisms i– iv. 16th cent. N. al-D. p. 119 (ms. J. “complete but incorrect, defective and unreliable”)), 751a (Qisms i– iv. 16th cent. N. al-D. p. 119 (ms. K. “complete, partly, correct but unreliable”)), 751a (Qisms iii– iv. a.h. 1025/1616. N. al-D. p. 120 (ms. M. “fairly good and helpful)), Ross-Browne 59 (Qisms i– iv. 14th cent. N. al-D. p. 116 (ms. F. “abridged and supplemented”)), Ethé 600 (Qisms i– iv. 16th cent. N. al-D. p. 120 (ms. L. “complete, but evasive and unreliable”)), 601–4 (fragments), Bodleian 324 (Qisms i– iv. a.h. 833/1429–30. N. al-D. p. 118 (ms. H. “fairly good and helpful”)), 325 (Qisms i– iv. a.h. 1042/1632. N. al-D. p. 121 (ms. N. “mediocre and unreliable”)), 326–8 (three nearly complete 17th cent. copies. N. al-D. pp. 121–2 (mss. O,Q,R,S.)), 329 (Qisms ii– iv), 330, Edinburgh 119 (Qisms i– iv. a.h. 842–3/1439–40. N. al-D. p. 118 (ms. H bis, “complete, contains 30 miniatures, but at present lost”)), Flügel i 422 (Qisms i– iv. a.h. 896/1490–1. N. al-D. p. 118 (ms. i)), Bānkīpūr viii 727 (Qisms i– iv.15th cent.), Maʿārif ii 198 (Qisms i– iv. a.h. 920/1514), Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 3272 (a.h. 964/1556–7. See H.W. Duda Ferhād and Schīrīn p. 181), Hamburg 204 (Qisms i– iv. Bears impressions of a seal dated 982/1574–5), 205 (Qisms i– ii in a somewhat different recension beginning S̲h̲ukr u sp. i bī-q. kih maqāṭiʿ i auhām i insān. a.h. 1057/1647), Browne Coll. x. 4 (Qisms i– iv with lacunae. a.h. 1059/1649. N. al-D. p. 121 (ms. P “mediocre and unreliable”)), x. 3 (Qism i. 18th cent. N. al-D. p. 122 (ms. x. “very late and ordinary and unreliable”)), Lindesiana p. 124 no. 81 (Qisms ii– iv. 17th cent. N. al-D. p. 122 (ms. U)), Ivanow Curzon 104 (lacks Qism iii.17th cent.), Madrās i 327–34, Mas̲h̲had iii Fṣl. 14, mss., no. 25 (detective at end. Acquired in 1166/1753), Aumer 183 (Qisms i– iv. 18th cent. N. al-D. p. 122 (ms. v, “very late and ordinary”)), 184 (Qisms ii– iv. 18th cent. N. al-D. p. 122 (ms.W)), Āṣafīyah iii p. 522 no. 223, Leningrad Mus. Asiat. 581aa (Qism i. a.h. 1251/1835–6. N. al-D. p. 123), 581 aa - (Qisms i– iv a.h. 1261/1845. N. al-D. p.123), 581 aa - - (Qisms iii. N. d. N. al-D. p.123), Pub. Lib. (2 copies. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (St. Petersburg 1859) p. 728), Univ. nos. 648 ¶ (Qism ii– iv. Salemann-Rosen p. 13), 1227 (Romaskewicz p. 5), Majlis 681 (Qism i, defective at end), ʿUmūmīyah 5021 (n.d. See Duda Ferhād and Schīrīn p.181), [and others in Istanbul. See Horn Pers. Hss. p. 503 no. 968. v.s.].

Detailed introduction: Introduction to the Jawámiʿu ’l-Ḥikáyát wa Lawámiʿu ’r-Riwáyát of Sadídu ’d-Dín Muḥammad al-ʿAwfí. By Muḥammad Niẓámu ’d-Dín, London 1929 (Gibb Memorial, N.S. Vol. viii).

Extracts: W. Barthold Turkestan v epokhu mongolskago nashestviya i, Teksty, pp. 83–101.

English translations of some extracts: Elliot and Dowson History of India ii pp. 155–203.

For other extracts or translations of extracts see Niẓām al-Dīn’s Introduction pp. 31–2.

Abridgments:

(1)

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ak̲h̲bār (so Āṣafīyah), or Muntak̲h̲ab i Jawāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt (cf. Ḥabīb al-siyar iii, 1, p. 113), by M. b. Asʿad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥanafī al-Tustarī:⁴⁰ H. K̲h̲. ii p. 5¹¹², Nūr i ʿUt̲h̲mānīyah 3273(a.h. 723/1323. See Duda Ferhād and Schīrīrn p. 180; N. al-D. p. 123), Vatican Pers. 71 (2) (?) (a.h. 1010/1601: Rossi p. 94), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1276 no. 129.

(2)

al-ʿAjāʾib wa ’l-g̲h̲arāʾib: bm. or. 1584. N. al-D. p. 31.⁴¹

Turkish translations:

(i)

Tarjamah i Jawāmiʿ al-ḥikāyāt (beg. Sabab i tarjamah i kitāb i J. al-ḥ. Ḥaḍrat i s̲h̲āh-zādah i jawān-bak̲h̲t), a literal translation made at the request of Sulṭān Bāyazīd b. Sulaimān K̲h̲ān b. Salīm K̲h̲ān by Ṣāliḥ b. Jalāl [who died in 973/1565–6 according to Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 511²]: Antalya Tekelioǧlu Kitapliǧi no. 473 (a.h. 960/1553 (?). See Ahmed Ateş in Edebiyat Fakültesi [Istanbul], Türk dili ve edebiyati Dergisi, vol. ii /3–4 pp. 178–9, where some other mss. are mentioned), Bodleian 331 (n.d).

(ii)

Tarjamah i J. al-ḥ. (beg. S̲h̲ukr i bī-nihāyat u ḥamd i bī-g̲h̲āyat ōl pādis̲h̲āhlar pādis̲h̲āhina ōlsūn), an unidentified translation: Flügel i 423.

In addition to Ṣāliḥ b. Jalāl’s translation Ḥ. K̲h̲. mentions two others, (1) by Ibn ʿArab-S̲h̲āh [d. 854/1450: see Brockelmann ii p.28, Sptbd. ii p.24; Ency. Isl. under Ibn ʿArabs̲h̲āh (Pedersen)], (2) by “Najātī” [d. 914/1509: see Gibb Ottoman poetry ii pp. 93–122; Ency. Isl. Under Nadjātī (Menzel)].

¶ § 687. ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Salām b. Aḥmad b G̲h̲ānim al-Maqdisī died in 678/1279 (?).

Kas̲h̲f al-asrār ʿan ḥikam al-ṭuyūr wa-’l-azhār, “an allegorical controversy between the flowers and the birds” (Ellis-Edwards), in Arabic: see Brockelmann i p. 450, Sptbd. i p. 808.

Persian translation: Kas̲h̲f al-asrār ʿan lisān al-ṭuyūr wa-’l-azhār (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. K̲h̲udāy rā), made by Yūsuf b. M. b. Ibrāhīm al-Tawwazī at the request of Sulṭān Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn ʿĪsā b. M. b. Aidīn [presumably of the Aidīn Og̲h̲ullarī, who ruled Smyrna etc. from 700/1300–1 to 806/1403–4]: Bodleian iii 2673 (a.h. 937/1531).

§ 688. “Saʿdī” S̲h̲īrāzī, whose proper name seems to have been Mus̲h̲arrif (or Mus̲h̲arraf ?⁴²) al-Dīn Muṣliḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh, probably chose his tak̲h̲alluṣ in allusion to Saʿd b. Abī Bakr b. Saʿd b. Zangī, the dedicatee of the Gulistān, who died in 658/1260 (see Saʿdī-nāmah p. 113³).

[Tārīk̲h̲ i Guzīdah p. 820⁶; Junaid S̲h̲īrāzī S̲h̲add al-izār (see Rieu Arab. Suppt. p. 462); Daulat-S̲h̲āh pp. 202–10; Bahāristān, rauḍah 7, 24th biography; Nafaḥāt al-uns (Calcutta 1859) pp. 699–700; Haft iqlīm no. 191; “Saʿdî-Studien”, by W. Bacher (in zdmg. 30 (1876) pp. 81–106); Ḥayāt i Saʿdī (in Urdu), by Alṭāf Ḥusain “Ḥālī”, 1886, Persian translation by S. Naṣr Allāh “Surūs̲h̲” [Ṭihrān ? a.h.s. 1316/1938]; G.i.P. ii (Strassburg 1896–1904) pp. 292–6 (Ethé); Browne Lit. Hist. ii pp. 525–39; S̲h̲iʿr al-ʿAjam (in Urdu), by S̲h̲iblī Nuʿmānī, ii (a.h. 1325/1907), 3rd ed. Aʿẓamgaṛh [1919 ?] pp. 29–106; Bānkīpūr i pp. 130–2; “Essai sur le poète Saadi”, by H. Massé, Paris 1919 (reviewed by H.H. Schaeder in Der Islam xiv (1925) pp.185–90); Bibliographie de Saadi, Thèse complémentaire, by H. Massé, Paris 1919; Ency. Isl. under Saʿdī (Haig and Kramers); Saʿdī-nāmah, ed. Ḥabīb Yag̲h̲māʾī, Ṭihrān a.h.s. 1316/1938 (= Taʿlīm u tarbiyat vol. vii, nos. 11–12, containing articles by ʿAbbās Iqbāl (on Saʿdī᾿s early life), M. Qazwīnī (on the persons eulogized by Saʿdī) and several others); Suk̲h̲an i Saʿdī, by Qāsim Tūy-Sirkānī [Ṭihrān, a.h.s. 1318/1940 (date of preface)]; etc., etc.]

Gulistān (beg. Minnat K̲h̲udāy rā ʿazza wa-jalla kih ṭāʿatas̲h̲ mūjib i qurbatast), “a collection of anecdotes, drawn from the rich stores of his observation and experience, with ethical reflections and maxims of worldly ¶ wisdom based thereon, written in prose in which are embedded numerous verses” (Browne Lit. Hist. ii p. 528) completed in 656/1258 (according to a verse at the end of the dībāc̲h̲ah) dedicated to Saʿd b. Abī Bakr b. Saʿd b. Zangī: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ mss. p. 45 no. 33 (a.h. 662/1264, descriḃed as an autograph), Ethé 1117(4) (transcriḃed from an autograph in 728/1328), 1153 (described as transcriḃed from and collated with an autograph), 1129(1) (“very old”), 1118(3) (a.h. 819/1416), Blochet iii 1400 (lacks Bābs i– ii. a.h. 730/1330), 1383 (a.h. 767/1366), 1382 (a.h. 786/1384 ?), 1385 (a.h. 855/1451), 1494 (a.h. 868/1464), 1401 (a.h. 888/1483), etc., Leningrad Pub. Lib. (eleven copies, one dated 787/1385. See Dorn 361–71), Univ. no. 1223 (a.h. 891/1486. Romaskewicz p. 12), Lindesiana p. 212 nos. 859 (?) (Kullīyāt, circ. a.d. 1400), etc., Rieu Suppt. 246 (a.h. 844/1440), Rieu ii 602 a (a.h. 871/1467), 602 a (15th cent.), Suppt. 249 (a.h. 886/1481), Bodleian 681 (14) (a.h. 856/1452), 698 (a.h. 868/1463), 699 (a.h. 893/1488), 700–17, 1984–5, iii 2581–90, Flügel i 530 (14) (a.h. 870/1465, by Sulṭān ʿAlī Mas̲h̲hadī), 543 (a.h. 939/1532, described as copied from a transcript made in 670/1271–2 from an autograph), Leipzig Fleischer 302 (a.h. 873/1468–9), Cataloghi v p. 441 no. 9 (a.h. 889/1484. Casanatense), r.a.s. p. 260 (?) (Kullīyāt. a.h. 895/1490), Bānkīpūr i 91 (7) (15th cent), Aumer 151 (old), and very many others, since practically every library owning a collection of Persian mss. has at least two or three copies.

Editions: Amsterdam 1651° (Musladini Sadi Rosarium Politicum, sive amoenum sortis humanae theatrum, de persico in latinum versum, necessariisque notis illustratum a Georgio Gentio [with the text]. Pp. 629); Calcutta 1791° (in The Persian and Arabick works of Sâdee. In two volumes. Vol. I. containing his Risālehs, Goolistān, Bōstān and Pund-nāmeh. [Edited, with an English preface, by J.H. Harington, assisted by Maulawī M. Rās̲h̲id]); 1806°* (Persian Classicks. Volume the first. The Gûlistân of Sâdy, with an English translation [by F. Gladwin]. (Volume the second. The Gûlistân of Sâdy, with notes), pp. 337; 272); 1807°* (The Goolistân, of the celebrated Musleh-ŭd-Deen of Shirauz, surnamed Sheikh Sādi, with an English translation, embellished with notes … by J. Dumoulin. Pp. 230); [Calcutta] 1224/1809* (Pp. 192); [Calcutta ?] 1821° ((Gulistān). Pp. 180); Calcutta 1827° (Gulistan or Rose Garden of Musle-Huddeen Shaik Sâdy of Sheeraz. Pp. 337. 16°); Calcutta [sic] and Cawnpoor 1830°* (The Golistaun. Third lithographic edition. Printed and published at the Asiatic Lithographic Comp^ys Press. Pp. 266); [Calcutta] Muḥammadī Pr. 1253/1837* (Reissued from M. Faiḍ Allāh’s 1248 edition. Pp. 300); Calcutta 1845° (The Gulistan (Rose Garden) by Sādī of Shīrāz. Persian. (Translated … by F. Gladwin) 2 pts. “The 2 pts. are not marked as 1st and 2nd, but are reprinted from ¶ Gladwin’s edition of the text with translation subjoined” (Edwards)); 1851°* (The Gulistán of Sa’dy, edited in Persian, with punctuation and the necessary vowel-marks … by A. Sprenger. Pp. 241); 1273/1857° (Tarjamah kitāb i Gulistān kā zabān i Urdū mēṅ ḥāmil al-matn. Persian text with Urdu translation, re-edited by M. Ismāʿīl, after the original edition of Maulawī ʿAbd Allāh. Pp. 442); 1858° (The Gulistan of Sa’dy, with the Turkish translations. Pp. 220);necessary vowel-marks, reprinted [from Sprenger’s edition], for the use of the College of Ford William, by W. Nassau Lees. Pp. 240); 1861° (The Gulistan of Shaik Saday; a complete analysis of the entire Persian text. By R.P. Anderson. Pp. 592); 1871* (The Gulistán of Sádi, edited in Persian. with punctuation and the necessary vowel-marks … Third edition, revised and corrected by W. Nassau Lees Pp. 241); London 1809° (The Gûlistân of Musle-huddeen Shaik Sâdy of Sheeraz. Printed from the Calcutta edition published by F. Gladwin … in 1806 [under the direction of Sir G. Ouseley]. Pp. 251); 1827°* (The Gulistān (Rose Garden) by Sādī of Shīrāz. Persian Pp. 251); London (Hertford printed) 1863° (The Gulistān (Rose Garden) of Shaik̲h̲ Sa’dī of Shirāz: a new edition, with a vocabulary, by F. Johnson. Pp. 170, 143); London 1871°* (The Gulistān of Shaik̲h̲ Muṣliḥuʿd Dīn Sa’dī of Shīrāz: a new edition, carefully collated with original MSS., with a full vocabulary. By J. Platts. Pp. 172, 126); 1874°* (The Gulistān … By J. Platts. [2nd ed.]. Pp. 138, 172); [Tabriz 1821°] (beg. Minnat K̲h̲udāy rā ʿazza wa-jalla kih ṭāʿatas̲h̲. ‘without title-page, date, place of imprint, or pagination. The following note is written in ink on the fly-leaf at the beginning of [the B.M. copy of] the book: “Publié à Tauriz en 1821 par Mirza Djafar. V. Journal Asiatique, i. 185.”’ (Edwards)); Tabrīz 1257/1841° (in a volume described as Dīwan i … Saʿdī [really a kullīyāt but lacking Risālah i of the introductory Majālis, the Pand-nāmah and Bī-sutūn’s introduction. Pp. 438]); 1262–4/1846–8° (in a similar Dīwān i … Saʿdī [“in two district parts, with running pagination. Containing same omission as preceding, and prefaced by a short poem by the editor” (Edwards). Pp. 443]); 1303/1886° (foll. 72. with marginal notes); Paris 1828°* (Le Parterre de fleurs du Cheïkh-Moslih-eddin Sâdi de Chiraz. Edition autographique publiée par Mr. N. Semelet. Pp. 194); Istanbul 1249/1833° (Gulistān s̲h̲arḥī Sūdī … Persian text with Sūdī’s Turkish Commentary. Pp. 514); 1255/1839 (137 pp. Karatay p. 155); [Istanbul] 1263/1847° (Kitāb i Gulistān i S̲h̲. Saʿdī. Pp. 208); Istanbul 1279/1868 (231 pp. Karatay p. 155); [Istanbul] 1286/1869° (beg. Tarjamat al-s̲h̲ā̲riḥ Sūdī Efendī. Pp. 512); [Istanbul] 1287/1870° (G. i. S. Pp. 160); Istanbul 1289/1873 (Karatay p. 155); [Istanbul] 1291/1874° (Gulistān-Mulistān. With M. Saʿīd Efendī’s Turkish translation entitled Mulistān. Followed by Naṣīḥat al-ḥukamāʾ, precepts of Nūs̲h̲irwān’s sages, with ¶ Turkish translations. Pp. 220); [Istanbul] 1293/1876° (S̲h̲arḥ li-l-fāḍil al-Sūdī ʿalā Gulistān … Persian text with the Turkish commentaries of Sūdī and (on the margin) S̲h̲amʿī. Pp. 512); Istanbul 1297/1880 (278 pp. Karatay p. 156); 1302/1885 (208 pp. Karatay p. 156); Būlāq 1243/1828° (194 pp. Karatay p. 155); 1249/1833° (K. i. G. i. Sh. S. Pp. 279); 1257/1841° (K. i. G….. Pp. 168); 1259/1843° (Pp. 168); Cairo 1261/1845° (G. Edited by Muṣṭafā b. M. Mūrawī. Pp. 161); Būlāq 1281/1865 (168 pp. Karatay p. 155); 1289/1872 (161 pp. Karatay p. 155); [Bombay] 1833* (Goolistan of Sâdi. Lithographed for the Bombay Native Education Society; by R. Prera. Pp. 276); Bombay 1249/1834° (Hād̲h̲ā Gulistān … Pp. 352); 1844°* (The Gûlistân of Sheik Musle-Huddeen Sâdy of Sheeraz. To which is added a compendious commentary together with a dictionary of such words as are hard of meaning now first compiled … by Moolvy Reeyasally … printed three times at Calcutta in 1828. Pp. 364); 1262/1845° (G…. Pp. 340); 1264/1848* (pp. 300); 1277/1860° (Hād̲h̲ā kitāb … Gulistān. With Riyāḍ ʿAlī’s commentary and vocabulary. Pp. 364); 1281/1864* (pp. 117); 1290–2/1873–5° (ed. Nūr M. b. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad and ʿAbd al-Malik. Pp. 252); 1875° (ed. Ibrāhīm b. Nūr M. Pulbandarī and Nūr al-Dīn b. Jīwā K̲h̲ān. Pp. 124); 1298–9/1881–2° (C̲h̲amanistān s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān maʿa ḥawās̲h̲ī … u farhang. With a commentary entitled C̲h̲. by Tāj al-Dīn “Bahjat” and marginal notes by M. Anwar ʿAlī and ʿAbd al-G̲h̲anī. Followed by Uwais b. ʿAlā’s Miftāḥ i Gulistān. Pp. 412, 36); 1321/1903° (Nusk̲h̲ah i ṣaḥīḥah i G. maʿa risālah i Guls̲h̲an i faḍāʾil. With notes by M. Ṣiddīq. Followed by G. i. f., a biography of Saʿdī by M. ʿAbd al-Laṭīf “Munīr”. Pp. 246, 10); Ṭihrān 1260/1844° (in a kullīyāt without title-page beginning S̲h̲ukr u sp. i bī-q. u durūd i nā-maʿdūd Maʿbūdī rā and containing 237 folios); 1268/1852° (Kullīyāt i S̲h̲. Saʿdī. With Bī-sutūn’s preface. Foll. 246); 1299/1874 (228 pp. Karatay p. 156); a.h.s. 1310/1931–2 (ed. ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm Garakānī. See Saʿdī nāmah p. 634=18); a.h.s. 1310/1931–2 (based on a very old ms. (see plate facing p.8 in the Saʿdī-nāmah and ed. M. ʿAlī Furūg̲h̲ī, cf. Saʿdī-nāmah p. 634=18); a.h.s. 1317/1938–9‡ (in the Kullīyāt published with an introduction by ʿAbbās Iqbāl Ās̲h̲tiyānī); [Persia] 1274/1857° (pp. 67. with illustrations); 1279–80/1862–3° (pp. 76. with illustrations); Delhi 1264/1848* (with interlinear and marginal notes. Pp. 192); [Delhi] Maṭbaʿ al-ʿulūm 1265/1849* (Pp. 101); Dār al-salām 1266/1850* (pp. 96), S̲h̲āhjahānābād 1268–9/1851–2° (in a Kullīyāt i S̲h̲. Saʿdī); Delhi 1287/1870° (with marginal notes, mostly by M. Hādī ʿAlī. Pp. 123); [Delhi, 1873?°] (with marginal notes. Pp. 120); Delhi 1876° (with marginal notes. Pp. 112); [Delhi] 1305/1888° (Gulistān Nāgarī u Fārisī … Pushpōpavan maē mūl. Persian text with Hindī translation by Mihr-c̲h̲and Dās. Pp. viii, 94, 8); Delhi 1321/1903° (with notes by Ḥasan of Kaggahwallah. Pp. 492); Āgrah 1265/1849* (Pp. 188); Mirzāpūr 1266/1850* (Pp. 248); Hertford ¶ 1850°* (The Gulistán (Rose Garden) of Shek̲h̲ Sadí of Shíráz. A new edition … collated with original MSS. by E.B. Eastwick [with Persian-English vocabulary]. Pp. 127, 231); Madrās 1269/1853° (Pp. 139); Cawnpore 1271/1855* (ed. M. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. M. Raus̲h̲an K̲h̲ān. Interlinear and marginal notes. Pp. 128); 1284/1867°* (Gulistān i mutarjam. With interlinear Urdu translation and Persian marginal notes. Pp. 217); 1284/1868°* (G. With marginal notes, mainly by M. Hādī ʿAlī. Pp. 124); 1285/1868* (G. i mutarjam. Pp. 217); 1286–7/1870° (G. With marginal notes. Pp. 128); 1293/1876° (With marginal notes, mainly by M. Hādī ʿAlī. Pp. 124); 1878° (S̲h̲arḥ i G. With M. Akram Multānī’s commentary. Pp. 320); [Cawnpore] 1878° (G. i mutarjam. Pp. 217); 1879° (G. i m. Pp. 217); Cawnpore 1889° (G. i m. Pp. 217); 1880° (G. With marginal notes. Pp. 124); 1880° (Wāḍiḥ G. Followed by some qaṣāʾid of Saʿdī on the subject of Bāb viii. Marginal notes. Pp. 246); 1307/1889° (Nusk̲h̲ah i ṣaḥīḥah i G. i mutarjam. Followed by qaṣāʾid on the subject of the last chapter. With interlinear Urdu translation and Persian marginal notes. Reprinted from a Calcutta edition. Pp. 288); Lūdiyānah 1858° (Nusk̲h̲ah i Gulistān. Abridged for the use of Christian children. Pp. 113); [Lucknow] 1278/1861° (G. With marginal notes by M. Hādī ʿAlī. Pp. 124); Lucknow ʿAlawī Pr. 1284/1867* (With marginal notes. Pp. 108); [Lucknow] N. K. 1284/1867°* (With marginal notes by M. Hādī ʿAlī and others. Pp. 254); Lucknow 1877° (Edited with marginal notes by M. Hādī ʿAlī. Pp. 466); 1882° (S̲h̲arḥ i G…. musammā bah Guldastah i jinān. With Razzāq-bak̲h̲s̲h̲’s Urdu commentary. Pp. 733); Lucknow 1891° (Bahār i bārān s̲h̲arḥ i G. With the commentary of M. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Rāmpūrī Pp. 442); 1894° (G. i mutarjam. With interlinear Urdu translation and marginal notes by Quṭb al-Dīn Aḥmad. Pp. 206); [Lahore?] Sulṭān al-maṭābiʿ 1266/1850* (G. i mutarjam ba-zabān i Urdū. Pp. 217); Lahore 1867* (Pp. 155); 1285/1868* (Pp. 122); 1868°* (Pp. 156); 1870° (Pp. 368); 1875° (Expurgated. Pp. 92); 1877° (Expurgated. Pp. 92); Berlin 1340/1921–2 (Kāvayānī pr.); and others.

Extracts: Kitāb i Gulistān … [the introduction and part of Bāb i only, with part 1 of Qāʾānī’s Parīs̲h̲ān on the margin]. [Persia] 1287/1870°* (foll. 41); The Iqd-i-Gul. Being a selection from the Gulistan, and Anwar-i Sohaili … Edited by W. Nassau Lees and … Kabir al Din Ahmud. Second edition. Calcutta 1871° (Lees’s Persian Series, no. vii. Pp. 348); and others.

Arabic translations:⁴³ Tarjamat al-Julistān, by Jabrāʾīl b. Yūsuf al-Muk̲h̲allaʿ:⁴⁴ Būlāq 1263/1847* (Sarkis col. 1719).

¶ Dutch translations:

(1) Perssiaansche roosengaard … in’t Perssiaans beschreeven, door … Schich Saadi; doch onlangs uit de selve spraak in’t Hoogduyts overgeset … door Mr. A. Olearium; die daar by gevoegd heeft, de aartige Fabelen of Verdigtselen van Lokman; als ook eenige treffelijke Arabische Spreuken. Alles vertaalt door J.V. Duisberg. Amsterdam 1654°.

(2) by D. H[avart] Amsterdam 1688 (See Ency. Isl. under Saʿdī).

English translations: (1) Persian Classicks. Volume the First. The Gûlistân of Sâdy, with an English translation [by F. Gladwin] Calcutta 1806°* (cf. Editions above), The Gûlistân or Rose Garden. By Musle-Huddeen Shaik Sâdy … Translated … by F. Gladwin. London 1808°*, The Gulistān … Translated … by F. Gladwin. A new edition. London 1834°*, The Gulistan (Rose Garden) by Sādī of Shīrāz. Translated … by F. Gladwin Calcutta 1845° (cf. Editions above), The Gulistan or Rose Garden, by Musle-huddeen Sheik Saadi, of Shiraz, translated … by F. Gladwin. With an essay on Saadi’s life and genius by J. Ross, and a preface by R.W. Emerson. Boston [U.S.A.] 1865°, The Gulistan (Rose-Garden), by Sādī … Translated … by F. Gladwin … A new edition. Calcutta 1871*, The Gulistan (Rose-Garden) by Sádí … Translated … by F. Gladwin … Second edition. Lucknow 1877*, Translation of the third chapter of Gulistan, by Francis Gladwin. Revised and corrected. New edition. Bombay 1902° (pp. 24), The Gulistan, or Rose-Gaṛden, by Shaikh Sadi. Translated by F. Gladwin, carefully collated with the original. Allahabad 1909°*, reprinted 1916*, 1921*. Stories from the Bustán of Shaykh Sádí, together with selections from Francis Gladwin’s translation of Sádí’s Gulistán, the former translated and the latter revised by R. Levy. London 1928* (The Treasure House of Eastern Story). (2) The Goolistân, of … Sheikh Sādi, with an English translation, embellished with notes … by J. Dumoulin. Calcutta 1807°* (cf. Editions above). (3) The Gulistan, or Flower-Garden, of Shaikh Sadī … translated … by J. Ross, from the Persian text of Gentius … together with an essay on Sadī’s life and genius. London 1823°*, Sadi: Gulistan or Flower-garden: translated, with an essay, by James Ross: and a note upon the translator by Charles Sayle. London [1890 ‡] (Pp. 31. The Camelot Series), Sadi: Gulistan …: translated, … by James Ross. With a note upon the translator by Charles Sayle. London [Circ. 1895 ?] (Pp. 311. The Scott Library). (4) The Gulistan; or Rose Garden, of Shek̲h̲ Muṣliḥu’d-dīn Sadī of Shīrāz, translated, for the first time, into prose and verse, with … preface, and a life of the author, from the Ātish Kadah, by E.B. Eastwick. Hertford 1852°, Second edition. London 1880° (Trübner’s Oriental Series, vol. 23). (5) The Gulistān; or Rose Garden … translated from a revised text, with … notes, and a life of the poet by J. T Platts. London 1873°*. (6) Title? Translator? ¶ Version privately printed by the Kama Shastra Society Benares 1888 (see Ethé 1117 (4)).

French translations: (1) Gulistan ou l’Empire des Roses composé par Sadi … Traduit en françois par A. Du Ryer. Paris 1634°. (2) Gulistan ou l’Empire des Roses, traité des mœurs des rois, composé par Musladini Saadi … Traduit du persan par M*** [d’Alégre]. Paris 1704° (Pp. xlvi, 310), 1737° (2 pts. Pp. xl, 310). (3) Le Jardin des roses, traduction du Gulistan de Sady; suivi d’un essai historique sur la législation de la Perse. Par M. l’abbé [Jacques] Gaudin. [Paris] 1789°* (Some copies have the title: Essai historique sur la législation de la Perse, précédé de la traduction complette du Jardin des roses de Sady. Par M. l’abbé Gaudin), Gulistan ou Le Jardin des roses, traduit du persan de Saadi [or rather from the Latin version of Gentius] par l’abbé Gaudin (in Panthéon Littéraire, vol. ii (Paris 1838°), pp. 551–621), Saâdi. Le jardin des roses [translated by J. Gaudin. With illustrations by H. Chapront] Paris (Dijon printed) [1930*] (Scripta manent, 49). (4) Gulistan on Le Parterre-de-fleurs … du Cheikh Moslih-Eddin Sadi … traduit littéralement sur l’édition autographique du texte publiée en 1828 avec des notes historiques et grammaticales par N. Semelet. Paris 1834°*. (5) Gulistan, on le Parterre de roses, par Sadi traduit … et accompagné de notes … par Ch. Defrémery. Paris 1858°*. (6) Saâdi. Le Jardin des roses. Traduit du persan [by] F. Toussaint. Préface de la comtesse de Noailles. Paris (Dijon printed) 1923*.

German translations: (1) Persianischer Rosenthal. In welchem viel lustige Historien … vor 400 Jahren von … Schich Saadi in persischer Sprach beschrieben. Jetzo aber von Adamo Oleario, mit zuziehung eines alten Persianers Namens Hakwirdi [cf. pl. i § 208] übersetzet in Hochdeutscher Sprache herausgegeben, und mit vielen Kupfferstücken gezieret. Schleswig 1654°*, Persianischer Rosenthal … Zum andern mahle mit etlichen Historien, vielen Notis und Figuren vermehret und verbessert herausgegeben. Schleswig 1660°. (2) Sadi’s Rosengarten. Aus dem Persischen durch Dr. P. Wolff. Stuttgart 1841*. (3) Moslicheddin Sadi’s Ṛosengarten. Nach dem Texte und dem arabischen Commentare Sururi’s aus dem Persischen übersetzt mit Anmerkungen und Zugaben von K.H. Graf. Leipzig 1846°* (4) Der Rosengarten des Scheikh Musliheddin Saʿdi aus Schiras. Aus dem Persischen übersetzt von G.H.F. Nesselmann. Berlin 1864°.

Hungarian translation: Gulisztan vagy Rózsáskert. Irta Szádi. Persából fordította Erődi B. Budapest 1889°.

Italian translation: Gulistân, ossia il Roseto dello Sceîch Sa’di … Prima versione italiana dall’ originale persiano, con commetario critico estetico comperativo per G. de Vincentiis. Naples 1873° (Pp. 76 and therefore presumably incomplete).

¶ Latin translation: Musladini Sadi Rosarium politicum … in latinum versum … a G. Gentio, Amsterdam 1651°* (See above under Editions), Rosarium politicum … in latinum versun [sic] à G. Gentio. Amsterdam 1655°, Rosarium politicum … in latinum versum … à G. Gentio. Amsterdam 1687° (“The engraved title-page bears date 1680” (Edwards)).

Polish translations: (1) Gulistan to jest Ogród Różany Sa’dego z Szyrazu z oryginału perskiego przełożył W. z Bibersteina Kazimirski. Paris 1876°. (2) Perska księga na polski język przełożona od … S. Otwinowskiego … nazwana Giulistan to jest Ogród Różany … wydal … J. Janicki. Warsaw 1879°.

Pushtu translation: Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iii (1859) p. 499).

Russian translation: (1) by S. Nasarianz, Moscow 1857 (See Ethé 1117 (4)). (2) Gyulistan sochinenie Saadi. Perevod s persidskago K. Lambrosa. So mnogimi … primechaniyami. Odessa 1862°.

Swedish translation: Lustgården skrifven af Shaikh Muslihu-d-dīn Sa’dī Shīrāzī, öfversatt af E.H [ermelin]. Stockholm 1918 (reviewed in Le monde oriental xiii (1919) p. 214).

Turkish translations: (1) (Tarjamah i Gulistān) (beg. Minnat ōl bīr u bār Tangrī kā jalla jalāluthu), completed in 793/1391 by Saif al-Sarāyī and dedicated to al-Maqarr al-ʿālī al-Maulawī al-Kabīrī al-Mālikī al-Mak̲h̲dūmī al-Saifī Amīr Batk̲h̲āṣ⁴⁵ Ḥājib al-Ḥujjāb bi-’l-Diyār al-Miṣrīyah: Leyden i p. 355 no. 476 (Cf. Ency. Isl. under Sāʿdī (Kramers), where a reference is given to Millī tetebbuʿlar majmuʿah-sī Sept.–Oct. 1331 p. 133). (2) In verse, by Pīr Muḥammad “Ḍaʿīfī”: B.M. (a.h. 950/1543–4, autograph. See B.M. Quarterly iv/4 (1930) p. 113). (3) Mulistān, by M. Saʿīd Efendī. Editions: [Istanbul] 1291/1874° (Gulistān-Mulistān. Followed by Naṣīḥat al-ḥukamāʾ, precepts of Nūs̲h̲īrwān’s sages, with Turkish translations. Pp. 220); Istanbul n. d. (201 pp. Karatay p. 156). (4) Tarjamah i Gulistān i Saʿdī, by Aḥmad Ṣāʾib “ʿIzzat”: Istānbūl 1292/1875 (227 pp. Karatay p. 156). (5) Gulistān tercemesi, by Asʿad b. Saʿd al-Dīn:Istanbul n. d. (500 pp. Karatay p. 156). (6) Gulistān [tercemesi]. Çeviren Kilisli Rifʿat Bilge. Istanbul 1941 (199 pp. Karatay p. 157). (7) Gülsuyu.Türkçeye çeviren Niğdeli Ḥaḳḳī Eroğlu. Niğde 1944 (240 pp. Niğde Halkevi Yayınlarından, 5. Karatay p. 157). (8) Çiçek bahçesi. Çeviren Niğdeli Ḥaḳḳī Eroğlu. Niğde 1945 (398 pp. Karatay p. 157). (9) Anonymous: Browne Coll. v. 19 (a.h. 1011/1602).

Urdu translation: Bodleian 718 (Afsōs), 1986, Browne Suppt. 1091 (Corpus 20 (1)).

¶ Dutch translation of extracts: Spreuken en voorbeelden, van Muslih Eddin Sadi getrokken uit zijne Rozengaard [by W. Bilderdijk]. Rotterdam 1828° (Pp. 59).

English translations of extracts: Select fables from Gulistan or the Bed of roses. Translated from the original Persian of Sadi, by S. Sulivan, Esq. London 1774°* (Pp. 139); The ’Iqd-i Gul, or The Rose-Necklace, being … selections from the Gulistān (the first four chapters) and the Anwār-i Suhailī (the first three chapters with the introduction) translated into literal Engish with … notes by Adālut K̲h̲ān. Calcutta 1883° (Pp. 386), — — Second edition. Calcutta 1888°* (pp. 380), — — Third edition Calcutta 1894° (pp. 380); The Gulistan; or Rose-Garden of Shaikh Muslih-ud-din Sa’adi of Shiraz. A new translation in prose and verse with notes, introduction, and some notices of the Sufiistic doctrines of the Persian poets. By P. F. Gallagher. Part I. [Containing the introduction and Bāb i]. Bombay 1885* (Pp. ix, 75, xiii. No more published); Persian anthology; being selections from the Gulistân of Sâdi [pp. 7–22], the Rubaiyât of Hâfiz, and the Anwâr-i-Suheili. Rendered into English verse from the original by A. Rogers. London 1889°* (pp. 47); A literal translation of the first chapter of Gulistan, by E. R. Sahiar. Bombay 1889°* (Pp. 44); A literal translation of Persian Gulistan, chapter 1. By J.H. Baria. Bombay 1898° (Pp. 32); From the Persian. The Gulistan. Being the Rose-Sarden of Shaikh Sa’dī. The first four Babs, or “Gateways” translated in prose and verse by Sir Edwin Arnold. London 1899°* (pp. 220); The Rose-Garden of Sa’dī selected and rendered with introduction by L. Crammer-Byng. London 1905°* (Wisdom of the East Series. Pp. 64); Rose-leaves from Sadi’s garden. Being the Gulistan rendered into verse by A.H. Hyatt. London 1907* (The Aldwyeh Series. Pp. 65); Tales from the Gulistân or Rose-Garden of the Sheikh Sa’di of Shiraz translated by Sir R. Burton and illustrated by J. Kettelwell. London 1928* (Pp. 256).

French translation of extracts: Extraits de la traduction du Gulistan de Sa’ady par L. Langlès [Paris 1808°] (Pp. 16).

German translations of extracts: Saadi’s, des weisen Persers, Königspiegel. Herausgegeben von J. G. Grohmann. Leipzig 1802* (Pp. 172); Drei Lustgänge aus Saadi’s Rosenhain, aus dem Persischen übersetzt von Dr. B. Dorn. Hamburg 1827* (pp. 130); Der Ratgeber für den Umgang mit Menschen, achtes Buch des Gulistan nebst einigen anderen Stücken von Muslih ed din Saadi aus Schiras 1189–1291. Aus dem Persischen übertragen von Friedrich Rosen. Berlin 1921. (see zdmg. 79 (1925) p. xv no. 14668).

Provençal translation of extracts: Istòri causido dóu Gulistan de Sadi, revira dóu persan per L. Piat. Montpellier 1888°* (Pp. 104), Istòri causido dóu Gulistan … Edition de bibliophile avec une introduction française par ¶ E. Hamelin et un portrait hindou de Sadi, Montpellier 1888° (Pp. xxxii, 98. Only 58 copies printed).

Swedish translation of extracts: Ur Saʿdīs “Rosengården”. Översättning från Persiskan av N. Ekstam. I Om konungars sinnelag (in Svenska Orientsällskapets Årsbok 1923 pp. 43–83), ii Om dervischernes karaktär (ibid. 1924 pp. 111–48), iii Om förnöjsamhetens värde (ibid. pp. 148–67).

Arabic commentaries:⁴⁶ (1) (S̲h̲arḥ Kulistān) or (S̲h̲arḥ al-Julistān) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā mā aulānā min al-niʿam or (as in Bodeian 719 and 720) al-Ḥ. l. ’l. addaba ʿibādahu bi-ādāb al-udabāʾ), by Yaʿqūb b. S. ʿAlī, known as S. ʿAlī-zādah, who died in 930/1523–4 or 931/1524–5:⁴⁷ Ḥ. K̲h̲. v pp. 230, 231, Sprenger no. 476 (c.f.w), Berlin p. 1065 no. 797* (a.h. 925/1519), Browne Suppt. 1087 (a.h. 934/1528), Pers. Cat. 248 (n.d.), Ivanow 539 (?) (Acephalous. a.h. 969/1561–2), Upsala 104 (a.h. 979/1571), Rieu ii 606 a (16th cent.), Bodleian 720 (a.h. 1048/1638), 719, Leyden i p. 355 no. 475, Blochet iii 1462 (17th cent.), 1463 (late 17th cent.), Dresden 33, Milan Ambrosiana 185.

(2) (S̲h̲arḥ Kulistān) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. jaʿalanī min ʿulamāʾi ’l-bayān wa-’l-maʿānī), completed at Amāsiyah in 957/1550 for the use of his pupil, Prince Muṣṭafā b. Sulṭān Sulaimān, by Muṣṭafā “Surūrī”,⁴⁸ who wished to improve on an earlier and often incorrect commentary by some maulā [i.e. Yaʿqūb b. S. ʿAlī] insufficiently acquainted with Persian idioms: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ¶ v p. 230, Sprenger no. 477, Browne Suppt. 1086 (Amāsiyah, a.h. 957/1550, but this needs verification, since the author’s colophon is retained in some mss.), Bānkīpūr i 107 (a.h. 961/1554, autograph), Ahlwardt 8442 (1) (a.h. 96/1562), 8442 (2) (a.h. 987/1580), 8442 (3) (a.h. 1002/1594), Berlin 799 (= Ahlwardt 8442/3 a.h. 1002/1594), 798 (= Ahlwardt 8441), 801 (= Ahlwardt 8442 (4)), 800, Aumer 167 (a.h. 976/1568), Bodleian iii 2591 (a.h. 982/1574), Bodleian 721 (a.h. 1025/1616), Rieu ii 606 a (a.h. 982/1574), 606 b, Gotha Arab. Cat. v p. 513 no. 64* (a.h. 1018/1609), Upsala 103 (a.h. 1021/1612), 102, Blochet iii 1464 (a.h. 1035/1626), Flügel i 554 (a.h. 1077/1666), Dresden 8, Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Dorn 372), Univ. nos. 93, 736, 845 (Salemann-Rosen p. 18), Paris mss. arabes, Nouvelles acquisitions 1884–1924 no. 6383, Princeton 412.

Latin translation of Surūrī’s commentary by H.L. Fleischer: Vollers 931.

(3) S̲h̲arḥ abyāt Kulistān (beg. Ḥamd^an li-Man imtadda madāhu). An anonymous Arabic commentary on the Qurʾānic quotations and Arabic verses in the Gulistān: Bodleian 726 (22 foll. a.h. 1022/1613).

English commentary: M. J. Rowlandson, An analysis of Arabic quotations which occur in the Gulistan of Muslih-ud-deen Sheikh Sadi … accompanied by a free translation: to which are added [as pt. ii] Persian illustrations of the same and remarks on Arabic grammar, both in the English and Persian languages, the latter being extracts from the Muntiʿkhib Alsurf … of Moulevy Syed Ameer Hyder … For the use of the College of Fort St. George. Madras 1828° (pp. 139; 50).

Persian commentaries:

(1)

Miftāḥ i Gulistān, or Kilīd i Gulistān (beg. Fātiḥah mar Fattāḥī rā kih iftitāḥ kalām i k̲h̲wud), a short glossary and commentary completed on 10 Muḥarram 900/11 Oct. 1494 by Uwais b. ʿAlāʾ [al-Dīn] known as (ʿurf) Ādam, a pupil of K̲h̲wājah Abū ’l-Faiḍ Abū ’l-Faḍl Amīr al-Dīn⁴⁹ S̲h̲āh Niʿmat Allāh M. b. M. al-Ḥasanī, dedicated to Maḥmūd S̲h̲āh b. M. S̲h̲āh Bahmanī [who reigned in the Deccan from 887/1482 to 924/1518] and divided into two qisms ((1) a glossary arranged in bābs according to the last letter and in faṣls according to the first, (2) explanations of Qurʾānic verses, traditions, sayings of saints, Arabic verses, etc.): Ethé 1176 (a.h. 1052/1642), 1177 (a.h. 1070/1659–60), 1178–9, Browne Pers. Cat. 183 (2) (a.h. 1124/1713), 152 (Breaks off at letter zāʾ in Qism i), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1460 no. 278 (a.h. 1135/1722–3), Blochet iv 2428 (Early 18th cent.), Mehren p. 64 no. 3 (7) (not later than a.d. 1730) Ivanow 538 (Circ. a.h. 1164/1751), Hamburg 216.

¶ Edition: Bombay 1298–9/1881–2 (C̲h̲amanistān s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān maʿa ḥawās̲h̲ī̲ … u Farhang … The Gulistān with a commentary entitled C̲h̲amanistān by Tāj al-Dīn “Bahjat”, marginal notes by M. Anwar ʿAlī and ʿAbd al-G̲h̲anī and at the end the Miftaḥ i Gulistān. Pp. 412; 36).

(2)

Farhang i Gulistān (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā naʿmāʾihi wa-’l-ṣalātu ʿalā Rasūlihi wa-’l-salāmu ʿalā aṣḥābihi Qāla ’l-muftaqir ilā ’llāh …), a short combined commentary and glossary by Junaid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Mūsawī in three qisms ((1) On the Arabic and the more difficult Persian verses, (2) on the sayings of saints, the traditions and the Qurʾānic passages, (3) on the less familiar single words, which are arranged in alphabetical order): ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 55 no. 2 (a.h. 1024/1615), Ethé 1182 (a.h. 1145/1733), Bānkīpūr i 777 (18th cent.), Bodleian 1241 (54), Blochet iv 2185 (Only preface, Qism i and the beginning of Qism ii. Mid 19th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1456 nos. 257, 287, Chanykov 48 (c) (Mus̲h̲kilāt i Gulistān).

Editions: Lucknow 1264/1848 (Masīḥāʾī pr. 224 pp. Sprenger 479 (2)); [Lucknow] 1279/1862° (20 pp.);⁵⁰ 1869* (N.K. 20 pp.); Delhi 1289/1872° (20 pp.) and others.

(3)

S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. Ḥ. K̲h̲u̲dāy rā kih c̲h̲as̲h̲mah i mīm i ḥamdas̲h̲ daryāʾīst), by “Fattāḥī” (cf. pl. iii § 430 supra): Sprenger 480 (2) (Tōp-k̲h̲ānah).

(4)

C̲h̲amanistān (beg. Gulistān i hamīs̲h̲ah bahār i suk̲h̲an), completed in 1609 a.d. [?] by Maulawī M. Tāj al-Dīn “Bahjat”, who made use of many other commentaries, especially those of “Surūrī” and S. ʿAlī ʿArab: Madrās i 268.

Edition: Bombay 1298–9/1881–2° (see above, under editions of Gulistān).

(5)

S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. Sp. ʿalīmī rā kih ʿallama Ādama ’l-asmāʾa kullahā ḥarfīst), a short commentary begun in 1073/1662–3, after the completion of his commentary on the Būstān, by M. ʿAbd al-Rasūl b. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn b. S̲h̲. ʿAbd Allāh b. S̲h̲. Ṭāhir b. S̲h̲. Ḥasan al-Qurais̲h̲ī (or al-Quras̲h̲ī) al-Hās̲h̲imī, who divides the commentary (on each bāb ?) into five qisms ((1) Qurʾānic verses, (2) traditions, sayings of mas̲h̲āyik̲h̲ and Arabic proverbs, (3) Arabic verses, (4) Persian verses, (5) alphabetically arranged vocabulary): Sprenger no. 479 (Tōp-k̲h̲ānah), Ethé 1180 (a.h. 1085/1674), Blochet iv 2068 (part only. 18th cent.), Āṣafīyah i p. 22 no. 193, Bodleian 724 (many lacunae ?), Browne Suppt. 1085,1092 (a.h. 1262/1846. Corpus 70 (1)).

¶ Ethé’s statement that this commentary “was printed in Lucknow. a.h. 1264” seems to be based on a misunderstanding of Sprenger’s remark concerning the Lucknow edition of Junaid’s Farhang i Gulistān.

(6)

S̲h̲akaristān (beg. Sitāyis̲h̲ i farāwān u niyāyis̲h̲ i bī-pāyān Dāwarī-rā sazāst), completed in 1095/1684 (according to some verses at the end of the B.M. ms.) or in 1097/1686 (according to a statement in the preface of some copies) by M. Saʿd (presumably identical with Mullā Saʿd Tīnawī [read Patnawī ?] whose commentary is mentioned by “Arzū” in the preface to his own (see Bodleian 725, Sprenger p. 551) and who is doubtless M. Saʿd “G̲h̲ālib” Qurais̲h̲ī ʿAẓīmābādī, the author of numerous commentaries and other works (cf. Bānkīpūr viii p. 88), including the ʿĀfiyah, a commentary on the S̲h̲āfiyah completed in Ṣafar 1097/28 Dec.–25 Jan. 1686 [see pl. iii § 246 (2), (b)]): Sprenger no. 482 (Mōtī Maḥall), Rieu ii 607 b (lacks beginning of preface. 18th cent.), Ivanow 541 (1802–3), Būhār 313 (defective at end. 19th cent.).

(7)

Nauristān⁵¹ (beg. Sp. i bi-q. mar Dāwarī rā kih k̲h̲ulāṣah i ṭīnat i insān rā), completed at S̲h̲āhjahānābād (i.e. Delhi) on 14 D̲h̲ū ’l-Ḥijjah 1105/6 aug. 1694, the 37th year of ʿĀlamgīr’s reign,⁵² by M. Wāṣil Kūrdī Sālārī: Bānkīpūr i 108 (apparently autograph).

(8)

S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān or, according to the Bombay colophon, Bahāristān s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. Minnat K̲h̲udāy rā ʿazza wa-jalla kih zabān i gūyā rā), a short commentary by Mīr Nūr Allāh Aḥrārī [Akbarābādi ?⁵³], the author of a commentary on the Ḥadīqah and of one on the Mat̲h̲nawī later than that of ʿAbd al-Laṭīf ʿAbbāsī (who died in S̲h̲āh-Jahān’s twelfth year, 1048–9/1638–9) and earlier than that of Walī Muḥammad Akbarābādī, which was begun in 1140/1727–8 and completed in 1151/1738–9 (see Berlin p. 791): Sprenger no. 480 (Mōtī Maḥall), Āṣafīyah i p. 22 nos. 196 (a.h. 1145/1732–3), 192, Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2029 (acephalous. a.h. 1157/1744), Princeton 40 (acephalous. a.h. 1168/1755), Ethé 1181 (defective at end), Ellis Coll. M 273 (18th cent.), Lindesiana p. 213 no. 547 (a.h. 1253/1837), Ivanow 540 (a.d. 1841), Curzon 215, Bombay Univ. p. 137 no. 62, Peshawar 1788 (1).

(9)

¶ Bahār i ʿumr (beg. G̲h̲unc̲h̲ah i gulistān i Kuntu kanz^an), composed in 1119/1707 at Palwal by an author who indicates in the conclusion that his name [ʿAbd al-Ḥaiy ʿĀdil ?] is connected with the words ḥaiy and ʿadl: Rieu ii 607 b (284 foll. 18th cent.).

(10)

K̲h̲iyābān (beg. K̲h̲i̲yābān i gulistān i suk̲h̲an.), a commentary, “of great value” according to Blochmann (Contributions to Persian lexicography, j.a.s.b. 37, pt. 1 (1868) p. 25), by Sirāj al-Dīn ʿAlī K̲h̲ān “Ārzū”, who died in 1169/1756 (see pl. i § 1149, etc.): Bodleian 725 (a.h. 1239/1823), Berlin 49 (2) = Sprenger 481 (a.h. 1246/1831), Bānkipūr Suppt. ii 2030 (a.d. 1836).

Edition: K̲h̲i̲yābān s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān, Cawnpore 1293/1876–7°*.

(11)

(S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān) (beg. Minnat i bī-muntahā Bāg̲h̲bānī rā sazad), completed in 1155/1742 after less than two months’ work by K̲h̲wājah Faqīr Allāh, of Itāwah (Etwah), with a view to superseding the commentary of ʿAbd al-Rasūl (see above), which was then current in the country and was regarded by his fellow-students, the pupils of S̲h̲. M. ʿAẓīm Qurais̲h̲ī̲, as unsatisfactory: Bānkīpūr i 109 (a.h. 1260/1845).

(12)

S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. T̲h̲anāʾī kih Maʿbūd i Muṭlaq rā s̲h̲āyad) completed (according to the k̲h̲ātimah) on 14 Ramaḍān 1166/12 October 1753 at Akbarābād (kih waṭan i īn faqīr-ast az ābā wa-ajdād) by Walī Muḥammad [b. Ruḥm Allāh⁵⁴ Akbarābādī], who says in his preface that after finishing his commentary on the Mat̲h̲nawī⁵⁵ he was asked to write a commentary on the Gulistān but that owing to the corrupt state of the mss. he was unable to do this until by chance a correct copy came into his possession. Edition: Lucknow 1890° (pp. 336. Described as first edition).

(13)

Bustān-afrāz (so Sprenger) or S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. Minnat K̲h̲udāy rā ʿazza wa-jalla kih naḍārat i bahār i nāmas̲h̲), compiled in 1185/1771–2 by M. Akram b. ʿAbd al-Razzāq Multānī: Sprenger no. 478 (Sprenger’s own ms., which seems not to be at Berlin). Editions: Lahore 1868* (pp. 319), 1899° (pp. 320), Lucknow 1290/1873°* (pp. 320), 1318/1900° (pp. 320). Cawnpore 1878° (pp. 320).

(14)

¶ S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. Bihtarīn nawāʾī kih ʿandalībān), completed in 1190/1776 by Ḍiyāʾ al-Ḥaqq “Turābī”, commonly known as (ʿurf) Qalandar Bak̲h̲s̲h̲: Madrās i 270.

(15)

S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. as̲h̲kuru ’llāha jalla jalāluhu ʿalā naʿmāʾihi li-k̲h̲alqihi), composed in 1215/1800–1 in Oudh by Bhaic̲h̲ak Rām: Ivanow 542 (perhaps autograph).

(16)

Ras̲h̲k i bihis̲h̲t, by Qabūl Muḥammad, the real author of the Haft qulzum (cf. pl. iii § 314): Sprenger 482 (2) (Faraḥ-bak̲h̲s̲h̲).

(17)

S̲h̲arḥ i dībāc̲h̲ah i Gulistān, by Maulawī Badr ʿAlī sākin i Kalkattah:⁵⁶ Ā ṣafīyah ii p. 1740 no. 33 (1).

(18)

Bahāristān s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān, by ʿAbd al-G̲h̲anī: Lindesiana p. 214 no. 575 (a.h. 1254/1838).

(19)

Riyād i Riḍwān⁵⁷ (beg. Minnat ba-kasr i mīm u tas̲h̲dīd i nūn sipās i niʿmat) by Maulawī Riyaḍ ʿAli b. Qanbar ʿAlī: Madrās i 271.

Editions: Calcutta n. d. (pp. 388. 4°. Sprenger p. 552¹); 1267/1851 (Abridged. Pp. 264. 4°. “This is the third or fourth 4to. edition” Sprenger p. 552²); Bombay 1844°* (The Gȗlistân of Sheik Musle-Huddeen Sâdy … To which is added a compendious commentary together with a dictionary of such words as are hard of meaning now first compiled … by Moolvy Reeyasally … printed three times at Calcutta in 1828. Pp. 364); 1277/1860° (Hād̲h̲ā kitāb … Gulistān. With Riyāḍ ʿAlī’s commentary and vocabulary. Pp. 364); Cawnpore 1293/1877°* (R. i R. maʿrūf bah S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān. Pp. 272).

(20)

Bahār i bārān (beg. Gul-c̲h̲īnī i gulistān i ḥamd i Subḥān), an exhaustive commentary completed in 1259/1843 with the help of nine earlier commentaries and a manuscript of the Gulistān dated 753/1352 by M. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn b. Jalāl al-Dīn Rāmpūrī (for whom see pl. iii § 57): Āṣafīyah i p. 22 no. 98 (a.h. 1263/1847), Bānkīpūr i 110.

Editions: Lucknow 1891° (B. i b. s̲h̲arḥ i G. Pp. 442); Siyālkōt 1891–2°* (Sharah-i-Gulistān; or, a complete key to Sadi’s Gulistan. Containing copious explanations … as well as elaborate information of allusions … By Ghias-ud-Din … Revised by Maulwi Ilahi Baksh (Siyālkōtī). 2 pts. Pp. 368; 232).

(21)

S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān, by Badr [?] ʿAlī:⁵⁸ Calcutta 1248/1832–3 (see Āṣafīyah i p. 22 no. 44).

(22)

¶ Sulṭānīyah s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān: Peshawar 1788 (3).

(23)

Anonymous, untitled or unidentified Persian commentaries: Āṣafīyah i p. 22 no. 183, Gotha Arab. cat. v p. 511 no. 61*, Sprenger 482.

Turkish commentaries:

(1) S̲h̲arḥ i dībāc̲h̲ah i Gulistān (beg. Yā Man taʿālā ʿan t̲h̲anaʾi ’l-k̲h̲alāʾiq), a lengthy commentary on the preface alone completed in 910/1504 by Maḥmūd “Lāmiʿī”, the well-known Turkish poet (for whom see Gibb History of Ottoman poetry iii pp. 20–34; Ency. Isl. under Lāmiʿī (Menzel); etc.): Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 231, Berlin 804 (lacks first leaf a.h. 959/1552), 803 (slighty defective a.h. 1042/1632), 802, Rieu ii 605 b (a.h. 360 [sic, perhaps for 960/1553].), Gotha 65 (acephalous. a.h. 985/1577. See Berlin p. 817¹⁹), Flügel i 557, Aumer 359 (1) (in the Ergänzungsheft), perhaps also Dresden 43.

(2) (S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān) (beg. Sp. i bī-pāyān ōl Ṣāniʿ i Bī-naẓīr-ah), a commentary, or annotated paraphrase,⁵⁹ written by “S̲h̲amʿī”⁶⁰ at the request of his pupil, Muḥammad C̲h̲elebī, Superintendent (Dabīr) at the Imperial Gardens, and completed at Istanbul on 20 Rabīʿ ii 977/2 Oct. 1569 (so at the end of Saʿdī’s preface according to the B.M. and Gotha mss. and the printed edition (p. 81: see Berlin p. 816), or 27 Rabī ʿ ii 977/90 Oct. 1569 (So in the preface according to the Berlin ms.), or 7 Muḥarram 979/1 June 1571 (according to a statement of the author´s at the end of the Vienna ms.): Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 231, Flügel i 556 (transcribed from an autograph in 996/1588), Rieu ii 607 (4 copies, the two oldest dated 1000/1591 and 1058/1648 cf. Rieu’s Turkish catalogue pp. 156–7), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (acephalous. a.h. 1000/1591. Dorn 374), Univ. no. 368 (Salemann-Rosen p. 18), Krafft 153 (3 copies, one transcribed from an autograph in 1014/1605), Aumer 163 (a.h. 1030/1621), 164 (a.h. 1092/1681), 165, 162, Gotha 64 (a.h. 1035/1625), Blochet iii 1465 (a.h. 1038/1628–9), Bodleian 722 (not later than a.d. 1633), 723, Berlin 801* (a.h. 1055/1646), Heidelberg P/T 145, (defective. a.h. 1056/1646. See Zts. f. Semit. vi/3 (1928) p. 225), Browne Pers. Cat. 249 (a.h. 1063/1653), Suppt. 1088 (n.d.), probably also Dresden 78.

Edition: [Istanbul] 1293/1876° (S̲h̲arḥ li-l-fāḍil al-Sūdī ʿalā Kulistān … The Gulistān with the commentary of “Sūdī” and on the margin, that of “S̲h̲amʿī”. Pp. 512).

(3) (S̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān) (beg. (in Aumer 166): Ḥaḍrat i S̲h̲aik̲h̲ basmalah d̲h̲ikrīnden ṣoñra ḥadīt̲h̲ i s̲h̲arīfah iqtidā idüb) a good and detailed ¶ commentary by “Sūdī”,⁶¹ whose method is firstly to quote whole anecdotes, poems, etc., from the original, secondly to explain the individual words, thirdly to give a Turkish paraphrase and finally, where necessary, to expound the sense briefly, with frequent criticism of the views of his predecessors, ʿAlī-zādah, Surūrī and S̲h̲amʿī: Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 231, Lindesiana p. 213 no. 304 (a.h. 1004/1595–6), Aumer 166 (17th cent.), Leipzig Fleischer 305 (fragments = Gentius pp. 212^5–354¹⁴, 422^6–480⁴ and 510 antepenult. -end), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Dorn p. 345 no. 373), Univ. nos. 9, 448–9 (Salemann-Rosen p. 18), Krafft 154 (Multaqaṭ min S̲h̲arḥ Kulistān li-Maulānā Sūdī. Only the explanations of the poetical passages in the Introduction and Bābs i– ii. Foll. 122).

Editions: Istanbul 1249/1833° (ends Gulistān s̲h̲arḥī Sūdī … Pp. 514); 1288/1871 (2 vols. Karatay p. 156); [Istanbul] 1293/1876° (S̲h̲arḥ li-l-fāḍil al-Sūdī ʿalā Kulistān …, the Gulistan with the commentary of “Sūdī” and, on the margin, that of “S̲h̲amʿī”. Pp. 512).

(4) Bustān-afrūz i Jinān dar s̲h̲arḥ i Gulistān (beg. Sp. i bī-q. i saʿādat-asās), completed on 16 S̲h̲awwāl 1009/20 april 1601 (according to a note at the end of the Copenhagen ms.) by Ḥusain b. Ibrāhīm Kaffawī, qāḍī at Mecca, and edited after his death on 27 Ṣafar 1010/27 aug. 1601 by Ḥusain “Ḥusainī” b. Rustam Pās̲h̲ā (d. 1023/1614–15), who furnished a preface containing the above-mentioned title and a biography of the commentator: Ḥ. K̲h̲. v p. 231, Gotha 62 (only editor’s preface, Saʿdī’s preface and first twenty-five ḥikāyats of Bāb i. a.h. 1019/1610–11), 63 (begins in second ḥikāyat of Bāb i and ends in twenty-eighth ḥikāyat of Bāb iii), Christensen-Østrup p. 275 no. 7 (a.h. 1029/1629).

(5) Anonymous, untitled and unidentified: Christensen-Østrup p. 275.

§ 689. Muḥammad [b.?] Ṣadr [al-Dīn b. ?] ʿAlāʾ [al-Dīn b. ?] Aḥmad [b.?] Ḥasan Dabīr ʿAidūsī,⁶² surnamed (al-mulaqqab bi-) Tāj [al-Dīn] and known as (al-maʿrūf bi-) Ak̲h̲tisān, describes himself as a native of Delhi, a hereditary ¶ servant of the court and a secretary of the royal chancery (Dīwān i Ins̲h̲āʾ). It may be surmised that he is the man whom Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Baranī includes in his lists of the officials of G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Tug̲h̲luq (Tārīk̲h̲ i Fīrōz-S̲h̲āhī p. 424⁵) and Muḥammad Tughluq (op. cit. p. 454⁹) and who in the printed text appears in the first case as Malik Iḥsān i Dabīr and in the second as Malik Ik̲h̲tiyār i Dabīr. He was in the suite of Sulṭān G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Tug̲h̲luq S̲h̲āh on his expedition [of 725/1325] to Tirhut,⁶³ and having endured overwhelming heat and other hardships on the return journey, fell ill at Delhi and was saved only by the skill of the great physician M. K̲h̲ujandī. The tale which he rewrote as the Basātīn al-uns was brought to him for his amusement during his convalescence. His lengthy and flowery preface concludes with an acknowledgement of the favours of Muḥammad S̲h̲āh [Tug̲h̲luq], who for a single qaṣīdah had rewarded him with sixty thousand dīnārs and sixty horses.

Basātīn al-uns (beg. Ṣad hazār jawāhir i ḥamd u sipās), the story of king Kis̲h̲war-gīr and Princess Mulk-ārāy, an Indian tale in which the Rājahs of Ujjain and Qinnauj are the principal actors, retold in ornate prose copiously interspersed with Arabic and Persian verses and completed in 726/1326, when the author was in his twenty-sixth year: Rieu ii 752 b (a.h. 1074/1663), Antalya, Tekelioǧlu, Kitaplıği, no. 821 (16th cent. See Ahmed Ateş “Burdur-Antalya ve havalisi kütüphanelerinde bulunan türkçe, arapca ve farsça bazı mühim eserler” (in Edebiyat Fakültesi [Istanbul], Ṯürk dili ve edebiyatı Dergisi, Vol. ii/3–4) p. 185).

§ 690. Majd [al-Dīn] K̲h̲wāfī at the beginning of his Rauḍat al-k̲h̲uld refers to his absence during twenty years of travel from his home, the province (wilāyat) of K̲h̲wāf. According to Blochet a verse at the end of the work indicates that it was completed on 1 S̲h̲awwāl 733/15 June 1333.⁶⁴ If this is correct, he cannot have been in the service of Akbar, as is stated in the Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib and the Nis̲h̲tar i ʿis̲h̲q. According to the Ātas̲h̲-kadah (cited in Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii p. 32) his tak̲h̲alluṣ was “Qāsimī”. A versification of Zamak̲h̲s̲h̲arī’s Jawāhir al-lug̲h̲ah is mentioned as a work of his in the Haft iqlīm.

[Haft iqlīm no. 662; Ātas̲h̲-kadah no. 177; Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 2425.]

Rauḍat al-k̲h̲uld, as it is called in some mss. (though perhaps not in the work itself) and in the Haft iqlīm, the Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib, etc., or K̲h̲āristān, as it is called, e.g., in the colophon of the Bānkīpūr ms. and on the title-pages of the Indian editions, (beg. Sp. i bī-q. Maujūdī rā kih ṣafā-yi bāṭin i ʿārifān), an imitation of Saʿdī’s Gulistān divided into eighteen bābs ¶ ((1) dar auṣāf i ḥukkām, (2) dar s̲h̲afaqat u īt̲h̲ār, (3) dar faḍīlat i ʿilm, (4) dar ʿis̲h̲q, etc.) and containing inter alia 420 anecdotes and 2150 verses: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 500, Flügel iii 1857, Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2034 (a.h. 1262/1846), Blochet iv 2206 (an abridgment. 19th cent.).

Editions: K̲h̲āristān, Lucknow 1878° (Pp. 211. Marginal notes by Dīn-dayāl); Cawnpore 1897° (Pp. 210. Marginal notes).

§ 691. “Muʿīnī” al-Juwainī was born at a village (Andādah according to Browne’s Daulat-S̲h̲āh, Āwah according to Sprenger p. 85) in the district of Juwain in western K̲h̲urāsān. In Ṣūfism his spiritual guide was Saʿd al-Dīn Yūsuf b. Ibrāhīm b. M. [b.] al-Muʾaiyad al-Ḥammūyī,⁶⁵ a grandson of the celebrated S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-S̲h̲uyūk̲h̲ Saʿd al-Dīn M. b. al-Muʾaiyad al-Ḥammūyī.⁶⁶ Daulat-S̲h̲ā̲h says that, when Ulug̲h̲ Bēg (for whom see pl. i § 348) visited the mas̲h̲āyik̲h̲ of Baḥrābād⁶⁷ [the burial place of Saʿd al-Dīn Ḥammūyī], they presented him with a copy of Juwainī’s Nigāristān, which appealed to him so much that he used to read it constantly. In Transoxiana, he says, the work became famous, though it was rarely met with in K̲h̲urāsān.

[Daulat-S̲h̲āh pp. 340–6 (where two ḥikāyats from the Nigāṛistān are quoted); Taqī Kās̲h̲ī (Sprenger p. 19 no. 99); Haft iqlīm no. 798; K̲h̲azīnah i ganj i Ilāhī (Sprenger p. 85); Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 2275.]

Nigāristān (beg. Ḥ. u sp. K̲h̲udāʾī rā kih azalīyatas̲h̲ az simat i bidāyat), moral anecdotes in prose and verse after the manner of Saʿdī’s Gulistān, which the author regarded as too well known and ripe for supersession by a work having the charm of novelty, completed in 735/1334, dedicated ¶ to the above mentioned Saʿd al-Dīn Yūsuf, called after a garden named Nigāristān near Nīs̲h̲āpūr, and divided into an introduction (containing inter alia eulogies on Sulṭān Abū Saʿīd Bahãdur K̲h̲ān (716–36/1316–35) and his wazīr G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn M. b. Ras̲h̲īd al-Dīn Faḍl Allāh) and seven bābs ((1) dar makārim i ak̲h̲lāq, (2) dar ṣiyānat u parhīzgārī, (3) dar ḥusn i muʿās̲h̲arat, (4) dar ʿis̲h̲q u maḥabbat, (5) dar waʿẓ u naṣīḥat, (6) dar faḍl u raḥmat, (7) dar fawāʾid i mutafarriqah): Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 381, Blochet iv 2049 (a.h. 737/1337 ?), 2050 (a.h. 1019/1610),Rieu Suppt. 394 (a.h. 910/1504), Rieu ii 754 b (16th cent.), Bodleian 1447 (a.h. 971/1564), 1448–9, Ethé 755 (a.h. 977/1569–70), 756, Philadelphia Lewis Coll. 77 (a.h. 979/1571), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2031 (a.h. 1001/1593), Leningrad Pub. Lib (see Mélanges asiatiques iii (1859) p. 732), Madrās i 344, Rehatsek p. 170 no. 148.

ms. English translation made in 1888 by E. Rehatsek: r.a.s. (see jras. 1896, prefixed note on the Oriental Translation Fund).

§ 692. Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Nak̲h̲s̲h̲abī, who died in 751/1350, has already been mentioned as the author of the Juzʾīyāt u kullīyāt (pl. iii § 422 supra).

(1)

Gul-rīz, a bombastic love-story or fairy tale, in which the main characters are Maʿṣūm-S̲h̲āh, Nūs̲h̲-lab or Nūs̲h̲ābah, and ʿAjab-Malik: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 14 no. 44 (Farruk̲h̲-Siyar’s reign, i.e. 1124–31/1731–19), Ivanow 307 (defective at both ends. 18th cent.), Brelvi-Dhabbar p. 76 no. 4 (2), Ethé 2852 (acephalous).

Edition: Gulriz. [Edited] by Agha Muhammad Kazin [sic] Shirazi … and … R.F. Azoo. Calcutta 1912°* (Pp. 191. Bibliotheca Indica).

Versification: Qiṣṣah i Nūs̲h̲-lab u Maʿṣūm S̲h̲āh written by a certain “S̲h̲uhrat” in the reign of S̲h̲āh-Jahān: i.o. d.p. 1269 (a.h. 1044/1634).

(2)

Qiṣṣah i Abū Muslim⁶⁸ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Nāṣir al-ḥaqq wa-’l-ras̲h̲ād wa-Qāmiʿ aṣl (read ahl) al-zaig̲h̲ [wa-] ’l-ʿinād), an account of Abū Muslim al-Marwazī (d. 137/755: see Ency. Isl. and the histories treating of the rise of the ʿAbbāsids) in prose interspersed with verses mainly of the author’s own composition: Bānkīpūr Suppt. i 1760 (a.h. 995/1586).

(3)

Ṭūṭī-nāmah (beg. Munājāt ba-ḥaḍrat i Rāziq al-naʿʿāb⁶⁹ fī ʿus̲h̲s̲h̲ihi, to which in a few mss. other beginnings are prefixed, e.g., al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā … mī-gūyad qāʾil i īn rasāʾil … (Ethé 743,745, Bodleian 448, etc.), Āg̲h̲āz i tauḥīd i D̲h̲ū ’l-jalāl Bārī taʿālā K̲h̲āliq i mak̲h̲lūqāt … (Ethé 747)), fifty-two ¶ tales of a parrot completed in 730/1338–9, being an improved (and bombasticised) version of a prolix, inelegant and ill-arranged Persian translation from the Hindī (i.e. Sanskrit), which some great personage unnamed had requested Ḍiyāʾ i Nak̲h̲s̲h̲abī to rewrite in a more attractive form: Berlin 1027 (a.h. 994/1586), 1025–6, Blochet iv 2051 (late 16th cent.), 2052 (a.h. 1099/1688), 2053–61, Hamburg 203 (a.h.1032/1623), Rieu ii 753 a (A.Y. 1039/1670), 753b (two 18th-cent. copies), 856 a (18th cent.), Lindesiana p. 235 no. 519 (a.h. 1044/1634–5), p. 236 nos. 215(a.h. 1181/1767–8), 257, Bānkīpūr viii 728 (a.h. 1057/1647), 729 (a.h. 1150/1737), Ethé 743 (a.h. 1069/1659), 744–51, 2851, Bodleian iii 2517 (a.h. 1098/1687), Bodleian 444 (a.h. 1152/1740), 445–8, Breslau Richter 56 (17th cent.), Calcutta Madrasah 162 (17th cent.), Tashkent Univ. 36 (defective. 17th cent.), 37 (defective. 19th cent.), Browne Suppt. p. 316 (a.h. 1119/1707–8. St. John’s 21), ibid. (St. John’s 20), Browne Suppt. 845 (Corpus 68), Pers. Cat. 308 (extracts), 309, Leyden i p. 355 nos. 477–9, Aumer 171–6, 360 (in the Ergänzungsheft. a.h. 1108/1696–7. 58 Pictures), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1278 nos. 56, 138, Būhār 440 (18th cent. Pictures), Madrās 340, Ivanow Curzon 105 (a.d. 1843. Mediocre Pictures), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 51 no.5, Edinburgh 350 (fragment only) [? Cf. under M. Qādirī’s abridgement infra v.s.], Lahore Panjāb Univ. (2 copies. See ocm. ix/1 p. 25), Rehatsek p. 227 no. 33, Upsala Zetterstéen 413, Vollers 952–3.

Translations of extracts: (1) [Tales 1, 6, 7, 9, 14, 16, 35, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47 (English)] Tales of a parrot; done into English, from a Persian manuscript, intitled Tooti Namêh. By a teacher of the Persic, Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldaic, Greek, Latin, Italian, French and English languages [sc. B. Gerrans]. Vol. i. London 1792°* (pp. 188. No more published. This paraphrase has been described by W. Pertsch in zdmg. 21 (1867) pp. 508–10). (2) [Introduction, Tales 1, 7, 11, 48, and the conclusion. (German)] in Kosegarten’s Anhang to C.J.L. Iken’s German translation of M. K̲h̲udāwand Qādirī’s Ṭūṭī-nāmah (see below). (3) [Tale 8. (German)] Die sieben weisen Meister, von Nachschebî … [Text edited with translation by Hermann Brockhaus]. [Leipzig 1843 (so zdmg. 21 (1867) p. 510) or 1845 (so d.m.g. catalogue p. 365 and Chauvin Bibliographie arabe viii p. 8). According to Pertsch, zdmg., loc. cit., only twelve copies were printed, but the translation and notes were reprinted in the Blätt. für lit. Underhaltung, 1843 nos. 242–3 (pp. 969 ff.).]

Detailed analysis and discussion: “Ueber Nachschabî’s Papagaienbuch. Von Wilh. Pertsch” (in zdmg. 21 (1876) pp. 505–51).

Abridgment: Ṭūṭī-nāmah (beg. Baʿd az jins jins t̲h̲anā u ṣifat), a stylistically simplified version consisting (is most mss.) of thirty-five tales ¶ written at some date subsequent to 1085/1674–5⁷⁰ by an author whose name appears usually as Muḥammad Qādirī (Rieu ii 754 a, Ivanow 294–5, Ethé 752–3, etc.), but sometimes as Muḥammad K̲h̲udāwand Qādirī (Bodleian 1975 (preface?), 2028 or Muḥammad K̲h̲udā-bandah Qādirī (Bodleian 1975, fol. 21 b, Ethé 754,): Rieu ii 754 a (18th cent.), Bodleian 1975 (Fragment extending up to middle of fifth tale. Not later than a.d. 1766), 2028 (an abridgment breaking off towards end of third tale), Ivanow 294 (late 18th cent.), 295 (19th cent.), Ethé 754 (first eight tales. a.h. 1217/1802–3), 752, 753 (38 tales, the first Ḥikāyat i ṭūṭī i tājir, the last Ḥikāyat i duk̲h̲tar i Qaiṣar i Rūm, no preface), Aumer 177, Edinburgh 350(?) (twelve tales only. Beg. Qiṣṣah i awwal dar paidāyis̲h̲ i Maimūn u ʿās̲h̲iq s̲h̲udan i K̲h̲ujastah …), Gotha Arab. Cat. v p. 485 no. 9**.

Editions: Calcutta 1800 (edited and translated by Gladwin. Cf. Ethé 752); London (“Calcutta printed, London reprinted”) 1801°* (The Tooti Nameh, or Tales of a Parrot, in the Persian language with an English translation [by F. Gladwin]. Pp. 170, 170.); Bombay 1293/1876* (Ṭ.-n. i Fārisī. Pp.67); Lahore 1316/1898° (Ṭ.-n. i F. Pp. 60); 1913*.

Edition of an extract: Ṭūṭīnāme. Das persische Papageienbuch des Naḫšabī in der Bearbeitung des Muḥammad Ḫudāvand Qādirī. Text der ersten und zweiten Nacht … mit Umshrift und Erkläruṇgen herausgegeben von H. Blatt. Kirchhain 1933* (foll. 23).

English translations: (1) by F. Gladwin Calcutta 1800 (see above under Editions); London 1801°* (see above under Editions; Madrās 1832° (The Tooti-Nameh, or Tales of a Parrot: translated by a late author [i.e. F. Gladwin] from the Persian language. Revised and occasionally corrected … by C. Lutchoomana Moodelliar…. Pp. 179); (2) Fairy tales of a Parrot. Adapted from the Persian. By A.C. Stephen. Illustrated by Tristram Ellis. London [1892°] (foll. 49).

German translation: Touti Nameh. Eine Sammlung persischer Mährchen von Nechschebi. Deutsche Uebersetzung von C.J.L. Iken … Mit einem Anhange von demselben, and von J.G.L. Kosegarten Stuttgart 1822°; Das persische Papageienbuch (Tuti nameh) … Deutsche Übersetzung von C.J.L. Iken. Neudruck mit einer Einleitung von R. Schmidt. Berlin & Leipzig [1905°*] (Kulturhistorische Liebhaberbibliothek. Band 21. Pp. 224).

French translation: Touti-nameh; ou, Les contes du p̲erroquet de Ziay-ed-din Nakhchabi, d’après la rédaction de Mohammed Qaderi. ¶ Traduits … par E.⁷¹ Muller. Paris 1934* (Publications de la Faculté des Lettres de Strasbourg, 13).

Urdu translation of M. Qādirī’s Persian: Tota Kuhanee. A translation into the Hindoostanee tongue of the popular Persian tales, entitled Tootee Namee, by Sueyud Huedur Bukhshi Hueduree. Under the superintendence of J.Gilchrist. Calcutta 1803–4°*; Totā-Kahānī; or Tales of a Parrot, in the Hindūstānī language. Translated … by Saiyid Haidar Bak̲h̲sh, surnamed Ḥaidari … A new edition with … a vocabulary of all the words recurring in the text by D. Forbes. London 1852°*; and many other editions.

English translation form the Urdu: The Totā Kahānī; or Tales of a Parrot, translated from Saiyid Ḥaidar Bak̲h̲sh’s Hindūstānī version of Muḥammad Ḳādirī’s Persian abridgement of Nak̲h̲shabī’s Ṭūṭī Nāma, by G. Small. London 1875°*.

Later version based both on Nak̲h̲s̲h̲abī’s and Qādirī’s and written in the lifetime of the latter: Gotha Arab. Cat. v p. 521 no. 85*** (acephalous. First ten tales only).

§ 693. “ ʿUbaid” (sometimes “ ʿUbaidī”⁷²) Zākānī,⁷³ as he calls himself, is presumably identical with the “ṣāḥib i muʿaẓẓam K̲h̲wājah Niẓām al-Dīn ʿUbaidallāh”, whom his contemporary Ḥamd Allāh Mustaufī Qazwīnī, writing in 730/1329–30, mentions among the noteworthy Zākānīs of Qazwīn, and who, according to him, as̲h̲ʿ̲ār i k̲h̲ūb dārad u rasāʾil i bī-naẓīr (Tārīk̲h̲ i Guzīdah p. 846¹⁰). The titles prefixed to his name seem to indicate that he was a vizier, but his biographers say nothing about this. He was living at S̲h̲īrāz, a town to which he appears to have been deeply attached, in the reign of S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Abū Isḥāq Injū [d. 758/1357] and wrote many qaṣīdahs in his praise (Rieu Suppt. 264 ¶ (1)). He wrote panegyrics also on Sulṭān S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Uwais (a.h. 757–76/1356–74). According to Taqī Kās̲h̲ī he died in 772/1370–1.

“Ubayd-i-Zākānī is, perhaps, the most remarkable parodist and satirical writer produced by Persia” (Browne).

[Tārīk̲h̲ i Guzīdah p. 846¹⁰; Daulat-S̲h̲āh pp. 288–94; Taqī Kās̲h̲ī (Sprenger p. 18 no. 79); Haft iqlīm no. 1254; Mirʾāt al-k̲h̲ayāl p. 54 (no. 38); Tad̲h̲kirah i Ḥusainī pp. 211–13; Ātas̲h̲-kadah no. 540; K̲h̲ulāṣat al-afkār no. 172; Mak̲h̲zan al-g̲h̲arāʾib no. 1538; G̲h̲ulām-Muḥammad “Rāqim” Tad̲h̲kirah i k̲h̲wus̲h̲-nawīsān p. 39; Browne Lit. Hist. iii pp. 230–57; Ency. Isl. under ʿUbaid (Huart); En persisk Satiriker fra Mongolertiden of Arthur Christensen, Copenhagen 1924.]

Of his works the volume (Muntak̲h̲ab i laṭāʾif i Niẓām al-Dīn … ʿUbaid i Zākānī) printed at [Istanbul] in 1303/1886° (which agrees for the most part in contents with the similarly titled volume printed at Berlin in 1343/1924‡) contains (1) Ak̲h̲lāq al-as̲h̲rāf, a satire on the morals of his time, composed in 740/1339–40 according to the printed text (cf. Browne Lit. Hist iii p. 244, Christensen En persisk Satiriker p. 22), in 745/1344 according to Fleischer 306, in 751/1350 according to Ivanow 1379 (Mss: Blochet iii 1563 (a.h. 834/1430), Flügel i 567 (3), 568 (6), 569(3), Berlin 14 (69), Fleischer 306, Ivanow 1379, Ivanow-Curzon 227(8), Rieu Suppt. 264(5), Madrās 91(a)). Danish tranlations of extracts: Christensen op. cit. pp. 19–51. English translation of extracts: Browne Lit. Hist. iii pp. 244–51), (2) Rīs̲h̲-nāmah, or Risālah i rīs̲h̲, a dialogue in prose and verse between ʿUbaid and the beard considered as the destroyer of youthful beauty (mss.: Blochet iii 1563, Flügel i 567(6), 568(4), 569(4), Ivanow-Curzon 227 (10), Rieu Suppt. 264 (7), Madrās 91 (a), i.o. d.p. 1208 (b). Danish translation of extracts: Christensen op. cit. pp. 63–73), (3) Ṣad pand, aphorisms serious and ironical composed in 750/1349–50 (mss.: Fleischer 306 (defective), Ivanow-Curzon 227 (11), Bodleian 800 (“Hazliyyât-i- ʿUbaid Zâkânî”, the opening words being those of the Ṣad pand), i.o. d.p. 1208 (e). Danish translation of extracts: Christensen op. cit. pp. 59–63), (4) Dah faṣl, or Taʿrīfāt, ironical definitions of a number of words (mss.: Blochet iii 1563, Flügel i 567 (7), 569 (5), Berlin 9 (9), 57 (12), Fleischer 306, Ivanow-Curzon 227 (7), Rieu 264 (4), Madrās 91 (a), i.o. d.p. 1208 (d). Danish translation of extracts: Christensen op. cit. pp. 51–9. English translation of extracts: Browne Lit. Hist. iii pp. 252–4), (5) various poems, mostly indecent,⁷⁴ (6) Risālah i Dil-gus̲h̲ā (for which see below), (7) “two ¶ letters-models of unintelligible vulgarity and full of solecisms—ascribed to Shaykh Shihábu’d-Dīn Qalandar and Mawláná Jalálu’d-Dīn b. Ḥusám of Herát, but no doubt written by ʿUbaid himself in order to hold them up to ridicule”.⁷⁵

Another work that has been printed is (8) the mat̲h̲nawī known as Mūs̲h̲ u gurbah (Qiṣṣah i mūs̲h̲ u gurbah, Mūs̲h̲-̲nāmah, etc.), which is not included in any ms. of the Kullīyāt hitherto described (Editions: [Persia] 1301/1884°; Bombay 1305/1888°; Delhi 1312/1895°; Berlin 1341/1922 (See zdmg. 78 p. liii). mss.: Lindesiana p. 234 nos. 40a, 40b, 133b, 30, Bodleian 797, 799, 1239 (19). German translation: Katze and Maus aus dem Persischen übertragen and mit einem Nachwort verschen vor Herbert Duda. Salzburg (date? See Luzac’s Oriental List 1947/4 p. 103)).

Other works are (9) Nawādir al-amt̲h̲āl, an Arabic work on proverbs and sayings dedicated to the vizier ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad [who died in 742/1342: see pl. i § 337] (mss.: Flügel i 567(4), 568(5), Rieu Suppt. 264(3), Vatican (Levi della Vida’s catalogue, 1935, 296(6)), Ivanow-Curzon 227(6), Fleischer 306), (10) a dīwān (preceded in some mss. (eg. Ivanow-Curzon 227, Sprenger 436) by a short preface in which 751/1350 is given as the date of collection) (mss.: Blochet iii 1563, Sprenger 436, Flügel i 567(1), 568(1), 569(1), Ivanow-Curzon 227, Rieu Suppt. 264 i, Madrās 91, i.o. d.p. 1208 (a) (?)), (11)ʿUs̲h̲s̲h̲āq-nāmah, or ʿIs̲h̲qīyah, a mat̲h̲nawī composed in 751/1350 (mss.: Blochet iii 1563, Rehatsek p. 128, Sprenger 436, Flügel i 567(2), 568(2), 569(2), Ivanow-Curzon 227(5), Rieu Suppt. 264(2), Madrās 91 (a)), (12) Fāl-nāmah i mant̲h̲ūr, a parody on an astrological treatise in twelve bābs (mss.: Ivanow-Curzon 227(12), i.o. d.p. 1208 (f) (Fāl-nāmah i burūj)), (13) Fāl-nāmah i murg̲h̲ān u ṭuyūr u wuḥūs̲h̲ wa-g̲h̲airah, a divination table (mss.: Ivanow-Curzon 227(13), Madrās 91 (a), i.o. d.p. 1208 (g)), (14) C̲h̲ār andar c̲h̲ār (ms.: Ethé 1767 (16)), (15) a k̲h̲uṭbah (ms.: Berlin 9 (10)), (16) a satire on the people of Qazwīn, S̲h̲īrāz, Iṣfahān, Kās̲h̲ān and Qum (ms.: Fleischer 306 fol. 69 b), (17) Sang-tarās̲h̲, a metrical tale (ms.: Bodleian 797 last page to 798 fol. 12a).

18. Risālah i dil-gus̲h̲ā, (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā niʿamihi wa-nawālihi wa-mannihi (or minanihi) wa-ifḍālihi), facetious, and mostly ribald, anecdotes in two parts, Arabic and Persian respectively: Flügel i 567 (5) (a.h. 1043/1633), 568(7) (k.al-hazlīyāt. “old”), Rieu Suppt. 264(6) (early 19th cent.), i.o. d.p. 1208 foll. 41b–74b, Leipzig Fleischer p. 537 no. 306 foll. 72a–78a, Ivanow Curzon 227(9) (a.h. 1278/1861), Madrās i 91(a).

¶ Edition: [Istanbul] 1303/1886° (Muntak̲h̲ab i laṭāʾif i Niẓām al-Dīn … ʿUbaid i Zākāni. Pp. 128. For the contents see above and for a fuller description see Browne Lit. Hist. iii Pp. 231–5, where the first preface (by Ḥabīb Iṣfahānī?) is translated and the second (by H. Ferté) is summarised); Berlin 1343/1924‡ (Muntak̲h̲ab i laṭāʾif i Maulānā ʿUbaid i Zākānī.⁷⁶ The Risālah i Dil-gus̲h̲ā occupies pp. 123–204), possibly also Istanbul 1305/1888° (ʿUbaidīyah. Described by Edwards as select laṭāʾif without specification of the particular works included. With Turkish translation by Muʿallim Nājī. Pp. 71).

Extracts: Christensen (A.) Remarques sur les facéties de ʿUbaid-i-Zākānī avec des extraits de la Risāla-i-dilgushā (in Acta Orientalia iii (1924) pp. 1–37).

English translations of extracts: (1) Tales, anecdotes, and letters. Translated from the Arabic and Persian. By J. Scott. London (Shrewsbury printed) 1800°* pp. 300–44 (Anecdotes translated from a manuscript entitled Uzzulleaut Ubbeed Zakkaunee). (2) Browne Lit. Hist. iii pp. 254–7.

Danish translation of extracts: En persisk Satiriker fra Mongolertiden. af Arthur Christensen, Copenhagen 1924 (Studier fra Sprog-og Oldtidsforskning, nr. 131), pp. 74–87.

19. Risālah i qalandarān, a collection of anecdotes: i.o. d.p. 1208 (c) (cf. Christensen op. cit. p. 6).

§ 694. Zain al-ʿĀbidīn on retiring from his employment as an official secretary and accountant devoted himself to the religious life and composed his:

Bustān li-l-ʿārifīn wa-Gulistān li-l-ʿābidīn (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. K̲h̲āliq i zamīn u zamān-rā *), Ṣūfī anecdotes on ethical and religious subjects dedïcated to Nuṣrat al-Salṭanah Sulṭān K̲h̲alīl Allāh⁷⁷ and divided into three chapters: Browne Coll. x. 6 (large lacuna after fol. 51. 114 foll. a.h. 891/1486).

§ 695. Yaḥyā Sībak “Fattāḥī” Nīs̲h̲āpūrī, who died in 852/1448, has already been mentioned in this work (pl. iii § 430 supra)

Ḥusn u Dil (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-’l-ṣ…. C̲h̲unīn gūyad muk̲h̲tariʿ i īn ḥikāyat … kih dar s̲h̲ahr i Yūnān pāds̲h̲āhī būd ʿAql nām i ū), an allegorical tale in rhymed prose being a summary of the author’s mat̲h̲nawī ¶ entitled Dastūr i ʿus̲h̲s̲h̲āq (of. pl. iii § 430 supra): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 67, Princeton 43 (a.h. 867/1462–3), Cairo p. 485 (a.h. 879/1474), Bodleian 1343 (a.h. 897/1492), Blochet iv 2070 (a.h. 868/1492–3), iii 1976 fol. 182 b (a.h. 947/1540–1), Rāmpūr (a.h. 909/1503–4. 2 Pictures. See Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 200), Dorn 477 (a.h. 958/1551. 3 Pictures), Leipzig Fleischer 110 (8) (a.h. 972/1564–5. Fleischer summarizes the work at some length), Krafft 156 (a.h. 1071/1660), Berlin 12 (8) (apparently only an extract or summary), Lindesiana p. 139 no. 867, Ross & Browne 55 foll. 16–20.

Editions: (1) Husn oo Dil, or Beauty and Heart. a pleasing allegory in eleven chapters. Composed by Alfettah of Neeshaboor. Persian and English. Translated by W. Price. London (Worcester printed) 1827°* (some copies have a slightly different title-page dated 1828°*. Pp. 42; 42), (2) Husn u Dil … Herausgegeben, übersetzt, erklärt und mit Lâmiʿî’s türkischer Bearbeitung verglichen von R. Dvořák, Vienna 1889° (Pp. 150. Sitzungsberichte der Kais. Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil. -hist. Classe, Bd. 118).

English translations: (1) Hussen o dil. Beauty and the Heart, an allegory (by Al Fetahi of Niseapour); translated from the Persian language by A. Browne. Dublin 1801° (pp. 34), (2) see above under Editions (1).

German translation: see above under Editions (2).

Uncompleted Turkish translation: Ḥusn u Dil, by “Āhī” (d. 923/1517): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 67, BerlinTurk. cat. p. 385, Browne Hand-list 315, Flügel i 432; Krafft 162 (p. 52 and, Berichtigungen, p. 195), Leyden v p. 60 no. 2337, Upsala 481, etc.

[See Gibb Ottoman poetry ii pp. 286–311. v.s.].

Turkish translation by Lāmiʿ ī: See Gibb Ottoman Poetry iii p. 21.

[Gibb also mentions a Turkish translation by a certain Ṣidqī (op. cit. ii p. 293 n. 1) v.s.]

§ 696. M. As̲h̲raf b. Dūst-Muḥammad.

K̲h̲āliṣ al-asmār, composed in 854/1450: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1276 no. 139 (a.h. 1078/1667–8).

§ 697. The Minhāj al-salāṭīn begins with the eulogy of Sulṭān Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Jahān-S̲h̲āh b. [Quṭb al-Dīn] Mubas̲h̲s̲h̲ir, i.e. evidently the ruler of Lār, who reigned from 859/1455 or 861/1457 to 883/1478–9.

Minhāj al-salāṭīn (beg. Nafāʾis i ḥamd u t̲h̲anāʾī kih sālikān i masālik i Tujāhidū [sic?] fī sabīli ’llāh), anecdotes of prophets, saints and rulers illustrating the duties of royalty, divided into five bābs ((1) dar ak̲h̲bār u aḥwāl i salṭanah i anbiyā u auliyā u atqiyā, (2) dar s̲h̲arāʾiṭ i ḥukūmat u salṭanat, (3) dar ḥuqūq i raʿāyā u Ahl i Islām bar salāṭīn, (4) dar s̲h̲arāʾiṭ i ¶ Ahl i Kitāb u D̲h̲immah ba-mūjab i ʿahd-namah i Amīr al-Muʾminīn, (5) fī ’l-ak̲h̲bār wa-’l-aḥādīt̲h̲ fi bāb al-salṭanah) and a K̲h̲ātimah: Ethé 2216.

§ 698. Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad Jāmī, who died at Harāt in 898/1492, has already been mentioned as the author of the S̲h̲awāhid al-nubuwwah (pl. i § 234), the Nafaḥāt al-uns (pl. i § 1274) and other works.

Bahāristān (beg. C̲h̲ū murg̲h̲ i amr i d̲h̲ī-bālī zi āg̲h̲āz*), an imitation of Saʿdī’s Gulistān completed in 892/1487 dedicated to Sulṭān Ḥusain and divided into eight rauḍahs and a k̲h̲ātimah. Sprenger no. 2, Blochet iii 1676 fol. 613 b (a.h. 896/1491), 1742 (a.h. 941/1535), 1743 (a.h. 959/1551), 1744–54, iv 2165, 2465, Lindesiana p. 163 nos. 46 (a.h. 903/1497–8), 306 (a.h. 975/1567–8), 27, 305, 90 a, 599, Berlin 895(a.h. 905/1500), 899 (1) (a.h. 973/1566), 896, Heidelberg p. 229 (a.h. 908/1502. see Ztschr. f. Semit. vi/3 (1928) p. 219), Dorn p. 372 no. 422 (12) (a.h. 908/1502), Upsala 105 (a.h. 908/1502–3), Bodleian 962 (a.h. 926/1520), 894 (27) (a.h. 941/1534), 895(27) (a.h. 963/1556), 896 (19), 963 (fine ms. by Zarīn-qalam with 5 Pictures of Akbar’s time), 964, Rosen Institut 82 (a.h. 939/1532–3), 83 (a.h. 941/1534–5), 114 (3), Leyden i p. 357 nos. 481 (a.h. 939/1532–3), 482 (a.h. 959/1552), 483, Rieu ii 755 a (16th cent.), 755 b (a.h. 962/1554), 755 b (17th cent.), Bānkīpūr ii 202 (a.h. 966/1558–9), 180 (17), Christensen-Østrup 10 (a.h. 975/1567–8), 11 (a.h. 1015/1606), Flügel iii 2010 (1) (a.h. 989/1581), i 599–600, Browne Pers. Cat. 274 (a.h. 998/1590), Suppt. 193, Ivanow 612 (3) (late 16th cent.), 638 (16thcent.), 639, Ethé 1383 (a.h. 1007/1598–9?), 1384–6, Ross-Browne 181, Krafft 155 (2 copies), Princeton 44–5, Dresden 276, Cairo p. 442, Aumer 168 (1), de Jong 164, Būhār 442, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1274 no. 146, Caetani 48, Edinburgh New Coll. p. 10, Gotha 81, Hamburg 178, Leipzig Fleischer 300, Majlis 677, Rehatsek p. 220 no. 15, Vollers 938.

Editions: [Istanbul] 1252/1836° (S̲h̲arḥ i Bahāristān. Persian text with the Turkish commentary entitled Hadīyat al-ʿirfān by M. S̲h̲ākir); Istanbul 1294/1877 (Ak̲h̲tar Pr. 104 pp. See F.E. Karatay p. 34); 1295/1878 (see Wissenschaftl. Jahresbericht für 1879. p. 70 no. 14); Vienna 1846* (Der Frühlingsgarten von Mewlana Abdurrahman Dschami. Aus dem Persischen übertragen von O.M. v. Schechta-Wssehrd. Persian text and German translation); Lucknow [1870?°] (pp. 124); [Cawnpore 1883°] (pp. 124); Cawnpore 1321/1903* (pp. 124), 1329/1911* (pp. 124); Bombay [1925*] (Bahárestán-e Jámi (correct text with exhaustive notes and glossary). [Edited by] K. B. Irani [and] D. J. Irani); Ḥaidarābād [1913*] (Jami’s Baharistan. Text with notes [edited by R. D. Joshi]); Ṭihrān a.h.s. 1311/1932 ‡ (with introduction ¶ by M. Muḥīṭ Ṭabāṭabāʾī. Pp. 171); Moscow 1935 (14 sections with Russian translation K. Chaikin. 85 pp. See Harrassowitz’s Litterae orientales, Jan. 1936 p. 8).

Extracts: (1) [Fabulae ex libro morali Mola Dschami Beharistan seu Tempus Vernum dicto. (Axiomata, et sententiae sapientum et eruditorum virorum. Vitae celebriorum quorundam poetarum)] Anthologia persica, seu selecta e diversis persis auctoribus exempla in latinum translata [Persian texts with Latin translation edited by I. von Stuermer], Vienna 1778°* pp. 1–43. (2) Wilken Institutiones ad fundamenta linguae persicae cum chrestomathia maximam partem ex auctoribus ineditis collecta Leipzig 1805°*, pp. 172–181. (3) Chrestomathia persica edidit et glossario explanavit F. Spiegel. Leipzig 1846°, pp. 1–20.

English translations: The Behâristân. Abode of spring … a literal translation [by E. Rehatsek] … Printed by the Kama Shastra Society for private subscribers only. Benares 1887°*; The Behâristân-i-Jâmi, or Abode of spring … Translated … by Sorabji Fardunji Mulla. Bombay 1889°, 1908°* (2nd ed.); Behâristan of Abdul Rehiman [sic] “Jamy”, translated … with life of the author, notes &c., & c., by Irani A. Khodaram. Bombay 1913*.

German translation: see above under Editions.

French translation: Djami. Le Béharistan traduit … par H. Massé. Paris 1925* (Les joyaux de l’orient).

Translations of extracts: (1) See Extracts (1) above. (2) F.Wilken, Auctarium ad Chrestomathiam suam Persicam … Leipzig 1805 pp. 46–52. (3) Contes, fables et sentences, tirés de différens auteurs arabes et persans, avec une analyse du poëme de Ferdoussy sur les Rois de Perse. Par le traducteur des Instituts Politiques et Militaires de Tamerlan [i.e. L.M. Langlès]. Paris 1788°, pp. 1–36. (4) Persian wit and humour: being the sixth book of the Beháristán … Translated …, with notes, by C. E. Wilson. London 1883°* (pp. 40).

Description and French translation of extracts: Grangeret de Lagrange “Notice sur Djâmy et son Béhâristân” in Journal asiatique vi (1825) pp. 257–67.

Turkish commentaries: (a) S̲h̲arḥ i Bahāristān (beg. H. u sp. i bī-ʿadd k̲h̲udāʾī rā kih ʿAlīm u Ḥakīm u Qadīr), a concise commentary dedicated to Muḥammad Pās̲h̲ā, Grand Vizier to Sultān Murād b. Salīm (982–1003/1574–95) by “S̲h̲amʿī” (cf. note on no. 688: Turkish commentaries (2) supra): Flügel i 601 (a.h. 1004/1596), Āṣafīyah i p. 446 no. 373 (?) (a.h. 1009/1006–1), Browne Pers. Cat. 275 (a.h. 1035/1625–6, transcribed from an autograph), Leyden i p. 357 no. 484 (a.h. 1048/1638–9), Rieu ii ¶ 755 b (17th cent. Cf. Rieu’s Turk. Cat. p. 159), Aumer 169 (late 17th cent.), Berlin 897, Gotha 82, Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mēlanges asiatiques iv(1863) p. 57), etc.

(b) Hadīyat al-ʿirfān, by M. S̲h̲ākir. See above under Editions.

§ 699. Ḥusain b ʿAlī al-Wāʿiẓ al-Kās̲h̲ifī, who died in 910/1504–5, has already been mentioned as the author of the Jawāhir al-tafsīr (pl. i § 20), the Mawāhib i ʿalīyah (ibid.), and other wọrks.

(1)

(Risālah i Ḥātimīyah) (beg. Ba-nām i K̲h̲udāʾī kih Bak̲h̲s̲h̲andah Ūst*… a. b. az maḍmūn i kalām i saʿādat-anjām i Malik i ʿAllām), anecdotes of Ḥātim al-Ṭāʾī in prose interspersed with many verses compiled in 891/1486 at the request of S̲h̲āh Abū ’l-G̲h̲āzī Muʿizz i Mulk u Dīn Sulṭān Ḥusain: Blochet iv 2071 (late 15th cent.), Majlis 683 (a.h. 976/1568–9), Bodleian 452 (a.h. 1033/1624), de Jong 176 (2) (a.h. 1034/1624–5), Berlin 1038.

Edition: C. Schefer Chrestomathie persane, tome i (Paris 1883) pp. 173–203 (Persian numerals).

Description: ibid. pp. 190–204.

(2)

Anwār i Suhailī (beg. Ḥaḍrat i Ḥakīm i ʿalā ’l-iṭlāq jallat ḥikmatuhu), a bombastic and verbose⁷⁸ modernized version of Naṣr Allāh’s Kalīlah and Dimnah in fourteen chapters (the first two having been omitted as irrelevant) written at the request of Abū ’l-G̲h̲āzī Sulṭān Ḥusain’s friend Niẓām al-Dīn Amīr S̲h̲aik̲h̲ Aḥmad “Suhailī”, who died in 907/1502–2 or 908/1502–3:⁷⁹ Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 482 (A.i.S.), v p. 239 (K. wa D.), Blochet iv 2073 (circ. a.d. 1500), 2074 (a.h. 918/1512), 2075–90 (of which 2078 (a.h. 954/1547 and 2088 (a.h. 1222/1807?) contain Pictures described in Revue des bibliothèques, 1898 p. 400 and 1899 p. 52), Rieu Suppt. 381 (a.h. 908/1502), Rieu ii 756 a (a.h. 1019/1610. Indian Pictures), 756 a (a.h. 1198/1784), 756 b (3 copies), 839 a, Lindesiana p. 153 nos. 18 (a.h. 910/1504–5), 242, 120, 526, Leyden i p. 358 nos. 485 (Harāt, a.h. 919/1513), 486, 487, r.a.s. P. 327 (a.h. 926/1520), 326, 328, Aumer 137 (a.h. 927/1521), 138–41, Bodleian 431 (a.h. 929/1523), 432–7, iii 2511 (16th cent.), 2510, 2512–13, Vatican Pers. 78 (a.h. 936/1529–30. Rossi p. 98), Berlin 1000 (a.h. 939/1533), 1001 (a.h. 973/1565), 1002–10 (of which 1007 contains Pictures), Browne Suppt. 135 (a.h. 972/1564–5. Queens’ 2), 131–4, Pers. Cat. 311 (a.h. 1000/1591), 313 (a.h. 1094/1683), 310, 312, ¶ p. xxxix no. 341, Escurial iii 1762 (before a.d. 994/1586), Edinburgh 339 (16th cent.), 419, New Coll. p. 10, Breslau 15 (a.h. 1013/1604), Hamburg 196 (a.h. 1062/1651), 197, Ivanow 290 (a.h. 1087/1676), 291, Ethé 757 (a.h. 1097/1688), 758–66, Ross-Browne 61, Tashkent Univ. 33 (17th cent.), Mehren 90, d.m.g. 60 (18th cent.), Cairo p. 441 (3 copies), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Dorn 481 (1)), Institut (Rosen 104–6), Univ. nos. 36, 81, 645, 646, 846* (Salemann-Rosen p. 12), 985 (Romaskewicz p. 3), Maʿārif i 99, Bānkīpūr viii 731, Philadelphia Lewis Coll. p. 69 no. 49, Princeton 469, Aberystwyth 2, ʿAligaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 51 no. 3, Āṣafīyah i p. 20 no. 190, Dresden p. 1 no. 3, p. 83 no. 68 (Wolfenbüttel), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (2 or 3 copies. See o.c.m. ix/1 p. 25), Madrās 322, Peshawar 1428 (1), Rehatsek p. 216 nos 1, 2.

Editions: Calcutta 1804°* (The Anvari Soheily, being an elegant paraphrase of the Fables of Pilpay … by Husseyn Vaez Kashefy … published by Moolvy Husseyn Aly, under the superintendence of Captain C. Stewart. Foll. 238); 1816° (2nd ed., revised by Nādir ʿAlī. Pp. 458); [Calcutta?] 1251/1835* (ed. M. Masīḥ. Pp. 494); Calcutta 1262/1846°* [misprinted 1842] (ed. M. Faiḍ-Allāh, Nūr al-Dīn Rāmpūrī and Wazīr ʿAlī. Fourth [Calcutta] edition. Pp. 404), 1847° (ed. M. Muḥsin. Pp. 516); Madrās 1241/1826°* (revised from the Calcutta edition of 1816 by G̲h̲ulām-As̲h̲raf, Turāb ʿAlī and Ḥasan ʿAlī. Pp. 239, 4 (according to Edwards), or foll. 238 [1] (according to Arberry)); Bombay 1243/1828°* (Anwari Sohili, a paraphrase, in Persian, of the Fables of Pilpay; by Hussein Vaiz Kashify. [Edited by G. Jervis and Mīrzā Ḥasan S̲h̲īrāzī] Foll. 496 (according to Edwards) or [497] (according to Arberry)); 1261/1845°* (pp. 373); 1270/1854° (pp. 420); Cawnpore 1249/1834°* (Anwar Soheely. 2 vols. Pp. 865); 1282–3/1866° (based on a edition of 1265. Marginal notes by M. Muṣṭafā K̲h̲ān. Pp. 456); 1880°* (Anwár-i-Suhayli, or The Lights of Canopus, the Persian version of the Fables of Bídpáy, by Husayn b. A’li al-Wái’z al-Káshifí. Edited by Major H.S. Jarrett. Pp. 630); [T̤ihrān?] 1261/1845° (ed. M. Bāqir K̲h̲wānsārī. Foll. 168); 1281/1864° (foll. 180); Hertford 1851°* (Anvār-i Suheli, or Lights of Canopus, being the Persian version of the Fables of Bīdpāī … Edited by Lieut.-Col. J.W.J. Ouseley. Pp. 545); [Lucknow,1867?°] (reprinted from the Cawnpore edition of 1866. Pp. 534); [Lucknow]. 1873° (with marginal notes. Pp. 456); and many others.

Extracts: (1) An introduction to the Anvari Soohyly of Hussein Vāiz Kās̲h̲ify. [Chapter 7 with English translation and analysis]. By C. Stewart. London 1821°*. (2) Asiatic Journal v pp. 109, 327, 544 (with English trans.). (3) Persian fables from the Anwari Sooheyly of Hussein Vāiz Kās̲h̲ify. With a vocabulary. Prepared and arranged by J. Michael [the vocabulary ¶ vocalised by Meerza Ibraheem]. London 1827°* (pp. 50, 52). (4) The first book of the Anvāri Suhelī, [text and] a literal translation in English, by the Rev. H.G. Keene. Hertford 1835* (pp. 147: 214). (5) Chrestomathia persica edidit et glossario explanavit F. Spiegel. Leipzig 1846°, pp. 23–40. (6) Muntak̲h̲abāt i Anwār i Suhailī [with Urdu translation] Āgrah 1853* (pp. 96). (7) Muntak̲h̲abāt i A. i S. [Chapter 8 with Urdu translation]. Lucknow 1860* (pp. 63). (8) Munk̲h̲abāt i A. i S. [Selections with Urdu translation]. Lahore 1861* (pp. 105). (9) Intik̲h̲āb i A. i S. [Selections, ed.Subḥān-bak̲h̲s̲h̲]. Lahore 1867* (pp. 132); 1875° (pp. 132); 1877° (pp. 132); and other editions. (10) The Iqd-i Gul. Being a selection from the Gulistan, and Anwar-i Sohaili … Edited by W. Nassau Lees and … Kabir al Din Ahmud. Second edition. Calcutta 1871° (Lees’s Persian Series. no. vii. Pp. 348). (11) Anwar-e-Sohaili, chapters II and III. With full notes … by Moulvi Mohammed Jamilar Rehman. Bombay 1917*. (12) The Anwar-e-Sohaili, chapter I. By Maulana Husein Kashefi. Persian text with full notes, a glossary and introduction, etc., by H.I. Sayani. Bombay 1925*. Several other publications containing inter alia selections from the Anwār i Suhailī are mentioned in Arberry’s i.o. catalogue p. 46.

English translations: (1) The Anvár-i Suhailí; or,The Lights of Canopus; being the Persian version of the Fables of Pilpay; or, the book “Kalílah and Damnah”, rendered into Persian by Ḥusian Vá’iẓ u’l-Káshifí: literally translated into prose and verse, by E.B. Eastwick. Hertford 1854°*, Allahabad 1914°*. (2) The Anwár-i-Suhailí, or Lights of Canopus, commonly known as Kalílah and Damnah, being an adaptation by Mullá Husain bin ’Alí Al Wái’z-Al-Káshifí of the Fables of Bídpáí. Translated … by A.N. Wollaston, London 1877°*, 1904*.

Persian verse translation: Guls̲h̲an-ārā, completed in 1347/1928–9 and dedicated to Riḍā S̲h̲āh Pahlawī by ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Īrān-pūr “Guls̲h̲an”, Editor of the newspaper Ak̲h̲tar i masʿūd: Majlis ii 1168 (a.h. 1347/1928–9, autograph).

Urdu translations: (1) Sitārah i Hind, or Ḍiyā-yi ḥikmat (a chronogram = 1289/1872), a somewhat abridged translation by Nawwāb M. ʿUmar ʿAlī K̲h̲ān “Waḥs̲h̲ī”, Meerut 1876°*, Āgrah 1922* (Anwār i Suhailī Urdū), Lahore 1926* (A. i S.), and doubtless other editions. (2) Būstān i ḥikmat, by Faqīr M. Ḵ̲h̲ān, Lucknow 1870°*, Cawnpore 1892*. (3) Arz̲h̲ang i Rāḍī, a verse translation by Jānī Bihārī Lāl “Rāḍī”, Lucknow 1870°. (4) by Mirzā Mahdī: bm. Urdu mss. Cat. 87. (5) Dak’hanī, anonymous: i.o. Urdu msS. 86–91. (6) Dak’hanī: Dukhnee Unwari Soheilee. A translation into the Dukhnee tongue, of the Persian Unwary Soheilee, … by Mohummud Ibraheem, Madrās 1824°*.

¶ Free Turkish translation: Humāyūn-nāmah (beg. Ḥaḍrat i Ḥalīm i K̲h̲allāq), dedicated to Sulṭān Sulaimān i by ʿAli C̲h̲elebī b. Ṣāliḥ, or Ṣāliḥ-zādah al-Rūmī, who died in 950/1543–4: Rieu Turk. Cat. 227 (a.h. 959/1552), Browne Coll. x. 10 (a.h. 982/1574), Hand-list 1294, r.a.s. T. 42 (a.h. 988/1580), Dresden 396 (a.h. 994/1586), 402, 405, Breslau p. 35, Upsala 107–8 (For others see Rieu Turk. Cat. p. 228).

Georgian translation: Dorn Asiat. Mus. p. 587.

Translations of extracts: (1) [Miscellaneous extracts. (French)] Exposition de la foi musulmane [i.e. the Waṣīyat of M. b. Pīr ʿAlī Birgawī] traduite du turc … par M. Garcin de Tassy. Suivie du Pend-Nāmeh, poème de Saadi, traduit du persan, par le même … (and, on pp. 149–63, Contes extraits de l’Anvari Sohéili) Paris 1822°. (2) [Miscellaneous extracts. (German)] Morgenländische Studien. Von H. Ethé. Leipzig (Altenburg printed) 1870°*, pp. 147–66. (3) [Miscellaneous extracts. (English)] Persian anthology; being selections from the Gulistân of Sâdi, the Rubaiyât of Hâfiz and [pp. 35–47] the Anwâr-i-Suheili. Rendered into English verse from the original By A. Rogers. London 1889°*. (4) [Miscellaneous extracts. (Swedish)] Sagor ur “Anwār-i-Suhaili” öfversättning från Persiskan af E. Hermelin. Stockholm 1929*. (5) [Chapters 1–4 (French)] Les Fables de Pilpay, philosophe indien; ou La conduite des rois. [Translated, ostensibly from Naṣr Allāh’s Kalīlah u Dimnah but really from the Anwār i Suhailī, by G. Gaulmin and Dāwud Saʿīd Iṣfahānī]. Paris 1698°. (6) [Introduction, story one (English)] “A fable from the Anwar e Soheily.”- [Persian text edited and] Translated by William Chambers (in The asiatick Miscellany, Vol. i (Calcutta 1785) pp. 343–73. (7) [Chapters 1–4. (English)] The Fables of Pilpay, a famous Indian phylosopher: containing many rules for the conduct of human life. Made English … [by J. Harris from Gaulmin and Dāwud Saʿīd Iṣfahānī’s French version]. London 1699°; The instructive and entertaining Fables of Pilpay, an ancient Indian philosopher. Containing a number of excellent rules for the conduct of persons of all ages, and in all stations: under several heads. Corrected, improved, and enlarged [from the edition of 1699] and adorned with near seventy cuts … London 1747°. (8) [Chapters 1–3 with the introduction (English)] The ’Iqd-i Gul, or the Rose-Necklace, being … selections from the Gulistān (the first four chapters), and the Anwār-i Suhailī (the first three chapters with the introduction) translated into literal English with … notes by Adālut Khān. Calcutta 1883°, 1888°* (2nd ed.), 1894° (3rd. ed.). (9) [Chapter i (beginning) with the Introduction. (English)] English translation of Anwar Sohaly. Compiled by Khwaja Usuf Ali. Āgrah [1887°*] (pp. 72). (10) [Chapters 1–2. (English)] The Anwár-i-Suhaili, Book 1 (2) translated … by A.N. Wollaston … with an ¶ introduction by K.M. Jhaveri. 2 pts. Bombay [1895°*–1896°]. (11) [Chapters 2–3. (English)] Full translation and explanation of Anwar-e-Sohaili chapters II & III. With an introduction … and … notes … by K.B. Irani … and D.J. Irani. Bombay 1917°*. (12) [Chapter 3. (English)] Anwar-e-Sohaili. Bk. III. Re-printed from the English translation of A.N. Wollaston. Thoroughly revised and corrected by Muhammad Jaimlur [sic] Rehman. Bombay 1917°*. (13) [Chapter 6. (English)] Pipes with the Persian poets: “The Light of Sohail” [a translation of chapter 6, by Sir F.J. Goldsmid]. Madrās 1849*.

§ 700. Malik al-quḍāt Ṣadr i jahān Faiḍ Allāh b. Zain al-ʿābidīn b. Ḥusām Banbānī has already been mentioned (pl. i § 127) as the author of the Tārīk̲h̲ i Ṣadr i jahān, which was written partly at least in 907/1501–2. In the k̲h̲ātimah to his Nawādir al-ḥikayāt he mentions a tafsīr and several commentaries composed by his great-grandfather (farjad), Qāḍi Ṣadr al-Dīn Banbānī, as well as four commentaries by Maulānā Minhāj b. Ṣadr Banbānī (presumably his great-uncle), whose works were more than eighty in number. Most of these works, he says, were dedicated to the ancestors of Sulṭān Maḥmūd S̲h̲āh b. M. S̲h̲āh [of Gujrāt].

(1)

K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥikāyāt: i.o. 3730.

(2)

Majmaʿ al-nawādir, a collection of anecdotes in forty chapters relating to different classes of people (salāṭīn, wuzarāʾ, ʿulamāʾ, s̲h̲uʿarāʾ, ḥukamāʾ, nuḥāt, etc.), compiled mainly from Arabic historical and biographical works, at C̲h̲ānpānēr in 903/1497–8, after the completion of the tafsīr entitled Dastūr al-ḥuffāẓ (see Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 610), the K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ḥikāyāt, and several unnamed risālahs: Lahore Prof. Maḥmūd S̲h̲ērānī’s private library (a.h. 930/1523–4), Oxford Ind. Inst. ms. Whinfield 59 = Bodleian iii 2483 (n. d.)

Description with some extracts: Majmaʿ al-nawādir …, by M. Iqbāl (in ocm. xv/4 (aug. 1939) pp. 98–106).

§ 701. “Fuḍūlī” (M. b. Sulaimān) Bag̲h̲dādi died in 963/1556 (see pl. iii § 385 supra).

(1)

(Ḥusn u ʿIs̲h̲q),⁸⁰ or (ʿIs̲h̲q u Rūḥ), or (Rūḥ u Badan), or (Ṣiḥḥat u Maraḍ), (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥadd Aḥadī rā sazāst kih riyāḍ i badan rā ba-āb i rawān parwardah), an allegorical tale (summarised by Blochet): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iv p. 99 (Ṣ. u M.), Browne Suppt. 1020 (a.h. 993/1585), 404 (?) (a.h. 1274/1857), Rieu Suppt. 422 (2) (a.h. 1073–88/1662–78), Rieu ii 833 b (late 17th cent.), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2133 (a.h. 1080/1669–70), Blochet iv 2164 (a.h. 1087/1676), ¶ Ivanow 1773 (1) (18th cent.), āṣafīyah i p. 460 no. 550 (a.h. 1217/1802–3), Bodleian 1241 (25), Majlis 441 (1), 626 (4), 640 (16), Vatican Pers. 41 foll. 9–24 (Rossi p. 71).

Edition: Des türkischen Dichters Fuzûlî Poëm “Laylâ-Meǧnûn” und die gereimte Erzählung “Benk u Bâde” (Haşiş and Wein) nach dem Druck Istbl. 1328 übersetzt von Nedjati Hüsnü Lugal and O. Reşer. Anhang: Der persische Text von Fuzûlî’s “Maraz u sihhat”⁸¹ (Gesundheit und Krankheit). Istanbul 1943‡.

(2)

Rind u zāhid (beg. Ai bar Tu sujūd i zāhidān waqt i namāz*), a dialogue between a rake and an ascetic, in ornate prose interspersed with verses: Browne Suppt. 1020 (a.h. 993/1585), Rieu Suppt. 305 (a.h. 1036/1627), 422 (4) (a.h. 1073–88/ 1662–78), 304 (a.h. 1140/1727–8), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2130 (a.h. 1077/1666–7), Blochet iv 2164 (a.h. 1087/1676), Berlin 683 (4) (a.h.1199/1784), Majlis ii 1188 (2) (a.h. 1239/1823–4), i 441 (2), Ethé 330 foll. 179b–186b.

Edition: [Ṭihrān] 1275/1859° (32 foll. Illustrated)

§ 702. The author of the Durr al-majālis seems to have been a certain Saif al-Ẓafar Naubahārī (cf. Rieu i 44), but his name, absent from some copies of the preface, appears in a variety of different forms, e.g. Saif i Ẓafar Naubahārī (Browne Suppt. 476), Saiyid Ẓafar Naubahārī (Ivanow Curzon 474), Saif al-Dīn Ẓafar Naubahārī (Leyden i 491), Saif al-Ẓafar b. al-Burhān (Aumer 187), Saif i Ẓafar Nūr al-Dīn Bihārī (Āṣafīyah i p. 320), Saif i Ẓafar Bihārī (ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 50, Ethé 1882), Saif i Ẓafar al-Buk̲h̲ārī (Salemann-Rosen p. 14), Saif i Ẓafar Tūtahārī (1293 edition), Saif al-Dīn Ōtahārī ([1900] edition), Saif Būnahārī (Berlin 1019 preface), and Saif Būtahārī (Berlin 1019 colophon). That he lived not later than the 10th/16th century and not earlier than the 8th /14th is shown by the date of the Bānkīpūr ms. (a.h.978/1571) and the reference occurring in it to S. Jalāl Buk̲h̲ārī (d. 785/1384 see pl. i § 1260), provided that this reference belongs to the original text.

Durr al-majālis (beg. Ḥamdī kih az ʿināyat i Ilāhī bar zabān i ʿārifān), legends and anecdotes “with a Sufic moral” (Ivanow) relating mainly to prophets and saints and divided into thirty-three chapters ((1) dar faḍīlat i āfrīnis̲h̲ i mihtar Ādam, (2) dar faḍīlat i sak̲h̲āwat i mihtar Ibrāhīm, etc.⁸²): Bānkīpūr xvi 1375 (a.h. 978/1571), Hamburg 207 (a.h. 1024/1615), 206, Browne Suppt. 476 (a.h. 1078/1667–8. Corpus 88), ʿAligaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 50 no. 1 (a.h. 1084/1673–4), Ethé 1888 (a.h. 1085/1674), 1882–7, 1889, ¶ 1762 (31), Ivanow 1306 (acephalous a.h. 1119/1707–8), 1307–8, Curzon 474, Rieu i 44b–45a (3 18th-cent. copies), Blochet i 397 (a.h. 1124/1712), 398–9, Āṣafīyah i p. 320 no. 9, ii p. 876 no. 117 (?), Berlin 1019, Aumer 187–8, Bombay Univ. p. 229 no. 148, Flügel iii 1959 (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥadd u t̲h̲anā-yi bī-ʿadd mar p̲āds̲h̲āhī rā, presumably a spurious exordium (cf. Upsala Zetterstéen 415)), Leyden i p. 359 nos. 491–3, Peshawar 1017, Rehatsek p. 224 no. 26, Salemann-Rosen p. 14 nos. 45, 914, 923e, Upsala Zetterstéen 415 (breaks off in Bāb xx. Beg Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u th. i bī-ʿadad mar Pāds̲h̲āhī rā kih zabān i ʿārifān (cf. Flügel iii 1959)), 416 (slightly defective at end).

Editions: Lahore 1293/1876* (pp. 132), 1882†, 1884†, 1891†, [1900°] (pp. 132), 1321/1904* (pp. 132), 1336/1918* (pp. 132).

Dak’hanī translation by ʿAbd Allāh “Kamīnah”⁸³ b. Ḥāfiẓ ʿAlī “Maṭlabī”: Durr i majālis, i.o. P. 2489 (18th cent. See Blumhardt Catalogue of Hindustani MSS, no. 158; Naṣīr al-Dīn Hās̲h̲imī Yūrap mēṅ Dak’hanī mak̲h̲ṭūṭāt pp. 532–8).

§ 703. “Sāʾilī”.

[Majālis al-nafāʾis tr. Fak̲h̲rī p. 67 and especially tr. Qazwīnī p. 241.]

Rauḍat al-aḥbāb (beg. S̲h̲ukr u sp. mar ʿAlīmī [rā] kih dast i ṣanʿas̲h̲ tartīb i ṣūrat i naḥīf i Ādam rā), an imitation of the Gulistān and Bahāristān composed in 924/1518, divided into eight books and containing in the preface a eulogy of the Sulṭān Salīm b. Bāyazīd (reigned 918–26/1512–20) his son Sulaimān b. Salīm (reigned 926–74/1520–66): Aumer 170.

§ 704. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn Aḥmad b. Sulaimān [Pās̲h̲ā] b. Kamāl Pās̲h̲ā, known as Kamāl-Pās̲h̲ā-zādah or Ibn Kamāl Pās̲h̲ā, who died at Istanbul in 941/1535, has already been mentioned (pl. iii § 101) as the author of the Daqāʾiq al-ḥaqāʾiq.

Nigāristān (beg. Minnathā-yi bī-muntahā K̲h̲udāy i Bī-hamtā rā), a florid imitation of Saʿdī’s Gulistān, completed in 939/1532–3, dedicated to Ibrāhīm Pās̲h̲ā (cf. pl. iii § 101), and divided into an introduction and eight bābs with the same headings as those of the Gulistān: Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 382, Flügel iii 1854 (a.h. 959/1552), Browne Coll. x. 14 (a.h. 963/1556), 13 (a.h. 973/1565–6), Blochet iv 2092 (a.h. 969/1562), 2094 (mid 16th cent.), 2093 (a.h. 1066/1655), Upsala 106 (a.h. 972/1564–5), Berlin 899 (defective. a.h. 973/1566), Christensen-Østrup 13 (a.h. 982/1574–5), Heidelberg P. 238 (a.h. 997/1589. See Ztsch. f. Semit. vi/3 (1928) p. 229), Bodleian 1362 (a.h. 1003/1595), 1363, iii 2702, Lindesiana p. 169 nos. 326 ¶ (circ. a.d. 1650), 327(circ. a.d. 1700), Cairo p. 496 (2 copies), Dresden 58, Leyden i p. 358 no. 489.

Extracts with Latin translation by Graf von Harrach: Fundgruben des Orients i pp. 401–8, ii 107–13.

next chapter: 7.2 Tales (2)