In Volume 4: Law; Tradition; Religion; Sufism; Bahāʾism; Prayers; Hinduism; Translations from Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian Languages, Ethics; Philosophy; Logic

previous chapter: 7 Hinduism

¶ § 763. Amṛita-kunḍa, on Hindu philosophy and asceticism.

Arabic translation: Ḥauḍ al-ḥayāt, in thirty bābs, prepared by Kānamā, a Brāhman of Kāmrūp (part of Assam) converted to Islām when Sulṭān ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn [sic?] invaded Bengal:¹ see Yūsuf Ḥusain Ḥauḍ al-Ḥayāt, la version arabe de l’Amrat kund (in Journal Asiatique 213 (1928) pp. 291–344).

Persian translations:

(1)

Baḥr al-ḥayāt (beg. Ḥ. i maufūr u t̲h̲. i nā-maḥṣūr ḥaḍrat i Ṣamadī-rā kih waḥdahu lā s̲h̲arīka lahu khuṭbah i jalāl i Ū-st), a paraphrase in ten bābs composed by M. Guwāliyārī² at the request of has master (mālik, according to Āṣafīyah i p. 220) Ḥusain Guwāliyārī b. M. Sāranī³ Ḥusainī: Rieu i 59 b (foll. 36–47 an extract (possibly from a different translation) on the breath of the right and left nostrils ah 1170/1757), Brelvi-Dhabhar p. xxv no. 10(2)(an extract on the breath ah 1172/1771), Rehatsek p. 98 no. 50(2) (presumably the same extract on the breath), Ross & Browne 197 (75 foll. 18th cent.), 258(2) (foll. 7–10 a passage in six sections (possibly from a different translation) on the breath. Transcribed apparently from Rehatsek p. 98 no. 50(2)), Ethé 2002 (82 foll. N.d.), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 13 no. 40, Āṣafīyah i p. 220 no. 607, p. 404 no. 713.

Edition (?): Cairo 1311/1893–4 (Āṣaf. i p. 404 no. 1115).

(2)

Ḥauḍ al-ḥayāt (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u th. i bī-ʿadd mar K̲h̲udāy rā kih waḥdahu lā s̲h̲arīka lahu ṣifat i kamāl i Ū-st), an anonymous paraphrase in ten bābs with headings similar to those in M. Guwāliyarī’s but, to judge from the number of leaves (foll. 62–84 apparently), considerably shorter: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2079 (xi) (17th cent.).

§ 764. Aparōkshānubhūti, a tract on monistic philosophy by Shankara Āc̲h̲ārya (cf. no. 767 infra).

¶ Persian translation: Ḥadāʾiq al-maʿrifat, Prepared by Lac̲h̲hmī-Nārāyan [Lucknow 1880°] (N K. 27 pp.)

§ 765. Ashtāvakra-gītā.

(1)

Irs̲h̲ād-nāmah i Astābakra (beg. C̲h̲ūn dunyā-yi fānī sar-ba-sar ghalaṭ ast), teachings of Ashtāvakra concerning the vanity of this world: Berlin 1077(3) (1218 [Faṣlī probably = 1811).

(2)

Risālah i As̲h̲tābakra Rājah JNG BDYH (beg. Sijadāt i lā-nihāyat ba-Ān Lā-nihāyāt [sic] kih ʿālam u ʿālamiyān), a dialogue between Rājah J.B. and his father concerning metaphysical doctrines translated by desire of Dārā-S̲h̲ukōh (cf. pl. i no. 1321, etc.) and divided into eight faṣls (perhaps a different work from the preceding): Nadhīr Aḥmad 24 (Mullā ʿA. Bāsiṭ’s library, Haidarābād, Dn. 19th year of ʿĀlamgīr [ah 1087/1676]).

§ 766. Ātmā-Sitā

Kas̲h̲f al-anwār tarjamah i Ā-S: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ mss. p. 14 no. 46 (in the Section Taṣawwuf).

§ 767. Ātma-vilāsa, a tract (?) ascribed to Shankara Āc̲h̲ārya (cf. no. 764 supra) on the monistic idealism of the Vēdānta.

Persian translation: Nāzuk k̲h̲ayālāt, prepared by C̲h̲andarbhān “Barahman” (for whom see pl. i no. 730, Add. ad loc., etc.): Lahore [1901°] (Anand Pr. 42 pp).

§ 768. Bhagavad Gītā

(1)

Gītā (beg. In nuskhah i Gītā kih dar inkishāf i sarāʾir … ai Rājah D’harās̲h̲t az ʿināyat u barakat i Byās bar ḥaqīqat i īn k̲h̲awāṣṣ), a translation said in the short preamble to have been made by Abū ’l-Faḍl with Akbar’s permission (ba-ijāzat i Akbar): Rieu i 59 a (add. 5651 (1). 35 foll. ah 1155/1742), Ross & Browne 76 (33 foll. 18th cent.).

(2)

Gītā, or Arjun Gītā (beg Ḥ. u t̲h̲. i Bī-c̲h̲ūn u Bī-c̲h̲igūnah), another translation stated in the preface to have been written by Abū ’l-Fadl at the request of Akbar: Bodleian 1241 (51), possibly also Browne Suppt. 1446 (4) (Arjun Gītā, “by Abū ’l-Faḍl” King’s 14(4). Not later than 18th cent.).

(3)

Tarjamah i Bhagwat Gītā a verse translation ascribed to “Faiḍī” (for whom see pl. i no. 706, etc.): Allahabad [1895°] (Srī Bhagwat) Gītā jī tarjamah i Fārsī i Faiḍī 152 pp.), [1901°] (Srī Bhagwat jī gītā jī … [1908*] (Āʾīnī Pr. 152 pp.), Jaland’har 1901° (S̲h̲rī Bhagwat Gītā Fārsī. 152 pp), Jaipūr 1908* (b.g. Hīrā Lāl Pr. 60 pp.), Delhi 1928* (Rāz i mag̲h̲firat. “Faiḍī’s” ¶ translation critically compared with the original by Amar Nāt’h. 56, 78 pp. Hindustan Electric Printing works).

(4)

Gītā or Bhagwat Gītā (beg. D’hrita-Rās̲h̲tar guft kih ai SNJY dar zamīn i Kuruk’hēt kih mazraʿah i nīkū-kārī-st), a rather literal translation in 18 ad’hyāyas ascribed to Abū ’l-Faḍl (cf. pl. i no. 709) in the heading of the b.m. ms. add. 7676 (and also Ross & Browne 193), but to Dārā-S̲h̲ukōh (cf. pl. i no. 1321, etc.) on the title-page of Ethé 1949 (but in most mss. the translator is unnamed): Rieu i 59a (add 7676 55 foll. Samat 1822/1765), Blochet i 229 (defective at end. Late 18th cent.), Ivanow 1707 (title given as Āb i zindagī. ah 1260/1844), Rehatsek p. 225 no. 28, Ross & Browne 254 (transcribed in 1280/1864 from Rehatsek p. 225 no. 28), 193 (59 foll. 19th cent.), Ethé 1949, probably also Aumer 351 foll. 44–87 (18 chapters).

(5)

Mir’āt al-ḥaqāʾiq (beg. Huwa ’l-awwal wa-Huwa ’l-āk̲h̲ir), an abridged translation with Muslim comments, by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd al-Rasūl ʿAbbāsī ʿAlawī C̲h̲is̲h̲tī (d. 1094/1683 see pl. i no. 1329, etc): Rieu iii 1034 b (foll. 257–71. 18th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1356 no. 589, Bombay Univ p. 134 no. 57.

(6)

Bhāgwat Gītā (beg. C̲h̲ūn adā-yi s̲h̲ukr i niʿmat), in eighteen chapters: Bodleian 1322 (69 foll. A Fraser ms., therefore not later than mid 18th cent.), 1323 (55 foll. Another Fraser ms.).

(7)

Bhagwat Gītā (beg. Āg̲h̲āz i b.g. kih dar Mahābhārat Srī Kris̲h̲an jīw bā Arjun), a translation without subdivision into ad’hyāyas: Ethé 1950 (36 foll. ah 1083/1672).

(8)

Bhagwat Gītā, a prose translation in two volumes of which vol. i contains the first nine chapters: Browne Suppt. 200 (King’s 62 ah 1193/1779).

(9)

(Tarjamah i B. G.), a verse translation by Bak̲h̲s̲h̲ī Dīnā Nāt’h: Jammū v.s.1978/ad 1922* (Srī B.G. 122 pp.).

(10)

Gītā Sunbōdīnī [sic] (beg. Sp. i bī-q. mar Mubdiʿī rā kih ibdāʿ u ifnā-yi īn ʿālam), a paraphrase with a commentary translated from the Sanskrit Subōd’hanī: Bodleian 1321(155 foll. ad 1822).

(11)

Laks̲h̲mī-Nārāyan-sarōwar, the B.-g. in Sanskrit, with translations and explanations in Persian and Hindu by Laks̲h̲mī-Nārāyan of Āgrah: Āgrah 1898° (506 pp.).

(12)

The illustrated Bhagwad Gita … Containing.-Text. Prose order. Word-meaning. Prose and poetical translations in .. Persian, etc. (Pandit Adya Prasada Misra, editor). Benares 1905 [-09°] (pts. 1–4).

(13)

Dāstān i Kris̲h̲nā, a translation by ʿAbbās b. M. ʿAlī S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī, Professor of Persian in the Mahārājah’s college, Mysore (cf. pl. i Add. ad no. 332 (3) [(3a)]). Tihrān ahs. 1315/1936–7 (Mas̲h̲had iv p. 307).

¶ § 769. Bhāgavata Purāṇa⁴

(1)

(Tarjamah i Bhāgawat Purān): Aumer 350 (apparently only a part (Bk ix or x?). 548 foll. 14th cent.).

(2)

Tarjamah i Bhāgawat, iskand i dahum (beg. Ad’hyāy i awwal kaifīyat i Kris̲h̲n u Rām Hangāmī kih Rājah Parīc̲h̲hat nuh daftar az jumlah i duwāzdah jarāʾid u Srī Bhāgawat s̲h̲unīdah mutaʿajjib [var. muftak̲h̲ir] u mubāhī gardīdah az Gōsā’īn Suk’hdēv pursīd), a paraphrase of the tenth skand’ha divided, like the original, into ninety ad’hyāyas and ascribed sometimes (e.g. in Blochet i 225) to Abū ’l-Faḍl (cf. pl. i no. 709) and in at least one ms. (cf. Rieu i 60 299) to “Faiḍī” (cf. pl. i no. 706, etc.), and accompanied in some mss by brief summaries of the other skand’has: Rieu i 59b (lacks Ad’hyāyas 1–2. 139 foll. ah 1110/1699), 60a (breaks off early in Ad’hyāya 88. 220 foll. Early 18th cent.), Blochet i 225 (Skand’ha x together with brief summaries of Skand’has i–ix and xi–xii. 309 foll. ah 1136/1723), 227(49 foll. [incomplete?] ah 1137/1724), 226 (288 foll. 18th cent.), Bānkīpūr xvi 145 (with summaries of the other skand’has. 389 foll. M. S̲h̲āh’s 11th year, i.e.1441–2/1729), 1450 (with the summaries 545 foll. M. S̲h̲āh & 18th year, i.e. 1148/1736), Ethé 1952 (contains also a 91st ad’hyāya or k̲h̲ātimah 229 foll. N d.), Berlin 1080 (272 foll. Modern), probably also Aumer 351 foll 92–319 (ah 1082/1671–2), Bodleian 1316 (begins in ad’hyāya 36. ah 1185/1771).

Abridged English translation written in 1791 by N.B. Halhed (cf. above, under no. 751): bm. ms. add. 5657 foll 18–111 (autograph), add. 7025–7.

(3)

Srī Bhāgavat (beg. Awwal Bhāgawat rā guftand kih c̲h̲ūn Nārāyan Brahmā rā az nābh kanwal paidā numūdand), an abridged translation in twelve skand’has: Ross & Browne 74 (384 foll. ah 1189/1775), 73 (2 vols. 144 & 233 foll. ah 1199/1785), Ethé 1954 (169 foll. ah 1197/1783), Calcutta Madrasah 170 (incorrectly described as Bhagavad Gītā. ah 1213/1798. Pictures).

(4)

(Tarjamah i Bhāgawat Purān) (beg. Rāwiyān i ak̲h̲bār i Hindūstān kih dar Pūrān i ʿālam-Allāh-nus̲h̲ān ast nawis̲h̲tah and kih Rājah Parīc̲h̲hat), a prose translation of Skand’ha X divided into the usual ninety ad’hyāyas and ascribed on fol. 1a (doubtless incorrectly) to “Faiḍī” (for whom see pl. i no. 706, etc): Ethé 1953 (158 foll. ah 1188/1774).

(5)

Tarjamah i Bhāgawat Purān (beg. Īn pūrān i faiḍ-tarjumān S̲h̲rī Mahā Bhāgawat nām .. Āg̲h̲āz i prat’ham iskand dar bayān i mufaṣṣal sāk̲h̲tan ¶ i Byās munīs̲h̲ar), an anonymous translation of all twelve skand’has: Ivanow Curzon 689 (417 foll. Samwat 1927/circ ad 1870).

(6)

[Tarjamah i] Bhāgawat (beg. Suk̲h̲an az Sirī Kis̲h̲an [Kis̲h̲na?] gūyam nuk̲h̲ust * Kih gardad s̲h̲ikast i man az wai durust), an anonymous paraphrase of the tenth skand’ha with many metrical passages: Ivanow 1706 (early 19th cent.).

(7)

Tarjamah i Srī Bhāgawat (beg. Zabān i ṣidq-bayān i Bēd u Pūrān ba-d-ān nāṭiq ast kih), an abridged translation divided into bābs (corresponding to the skand’has of the original) subdivided into faṣls and marṣads [sic] with a short introduction on the Hindu cosmogony and the yugas on ages of the world: Blochet i 228 (241 foll. 18th cent.), Madrās ii 584 (ah 1242/1827), Bodleian iii 2693(v.s. 1900/ad 1843).

(8)

Tarjamah i Bhāgawat Purān (beg. Ai hizhdah hazār ʿālam az s̲h̲auq i Tu mast*. Rāwiyān i ak̲h̲bār i Hindūstān kih Pūrān i ʿālam-Allāh-nis̲h̲ān),⁵ an abbreviated paraphrase of [the first?] nine skand’has: Ivanow Curzon 688 (106 foll. ah 1193/1779).

(9)

Tarjamah i Srī Bhāgawat (beg. Rūzī Srī-Kris̲h̲n jīw ba-k̲h̲āṭir āwardand kih awatār barāy), a translation of the eleventh skand’ha: Bodleian 1317 (38 foll. N.d.).

(10)

Srī Bhāgawat, a verse translation by amānat Rāy: Cawnpore 1870°⁶ (2 vols. 695 pp.).

(11)

Bhāgawat s̲h̲arīf, a metrical summary by Rājah Girid’hārī Pars̲h̲ād “Bāqī”:⁷ Lucknow 1889° (204 pp).

(12)

Tarjamah i Bhāgawat: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 4 no. 1, p. 52 no. 12 (ah 1245/1829–30).

§ 770. Bhūpāl⁸ Shāstra, an encyclopaedia of general information for kings, by Paras Rām b. Kis̲h̲tan Dēv, an astronomer and arithmetician, who describes himself as a native of Nis̲h̲-pāp and a pupil of Gītā-Kis̲h̲an.

Tarjamah i Bhūpāl-S̲h̲astar (beg. C̲h̲unīn mī gūyad muṣannif i kitāb kih awwal K̲h̲udā rā bandagī mī kunam), a translation from the Sanskrit by a Muslim whose name does not appear: Edinburgh 326 (597 foll 16th cent.).

¶ § 771. Brahmavaivarta Purāna, on the spiritual benefits of Benares.

ʿAin al-ẓuhūr [al-ṭahūr?] (beg. Mī-surāyad qalam i siḥr-tirāz i dū-zabān), a translation made in Samwat 1794/ad 1737 by Kishan Sing’h “Nas̲h̲āṭ” (see pl iii no. 766, iv nos. 791, 795 infra) and divided like the original into twenty-six ad’hyāyas: Eton 156(a) (ah 1173/1759–60), Ethé 1961 (23 foll. ah 1196/1782. pictures), i.o. d.p. 692.

§ 772. Bṛihat-saṃhitā, on astronomy (ed. Kern in the Bibliotheca Indica, Calcutta, 1864–5).

Persian translation: Tarjamah i Bārāhī, see pl. ii no. 71 3rd par.

§ 773. Ēkādashī Māhātmya

Mahātam ēkādas̲h̲ī, a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna on rites proper to the eleventh day of each month, translated apparently from a pūrāna: Rieu iii 918b (foll 13–26 ah 1234/1819).

§ 774. Gayā Māhātmya, a description of the holy sanctuary of Gayā in Bihār, and the rites connected therewith, from the Vāyu Purāṇa.

Tarjamah i Gayā-mahātam (beg. Hazār hazār s̲h̲. u niyāz mar Ān Bī-niyāz rā), a translation made by Anand-g’han “Khwas̲h̲” (for whom see pl. iv no. 754 supra) at the request of Jonathan Duncan Ghaḍanfar-Jang (see pl. i no. 647 2nd footnote) in Samwat 1848/ad 1791: Ethé 1962 (56 foll ad 1791).

§ 775. Gītā-sāra: Aumer 351 foll 88–91 (ah 1082/1671–2).

§ 776. Harihar – samvāda, a dialogue between Krishna and Mahādēva in exposition of Hindu doctrines

G̲h̲arāʾib al-aṭwār fī kas̲h̲f al-anwār (beg Sp. u st. Ṣāniʿī rā kih aʿyān rā az ḥadīd i nīstī), a translation by Ṣūfī S̲h̲arīf (for whom see pl. iv no. 805(4) infra): Bānkīpūr Suppt ii 2082 (foll. 22–37, defective at end probably ah 1070/1659–60).

§ 777. Harivanśa Purāṇa, an appendix occurring in some copies of the Mahā-bhārata and dealing with the history of Krishna’s family.

(1)

(Tarjamah i Har bans Purān), an abridged translation said to have been prepared in 1011/1602–3 for Akbar by Ṭāhir M. b. ʿImād al-Dīn b. Sulṭān-ʿAlī Sabzawārī (cf. pl. i no. 137): Ethé 1955 (3) (foll. 106–18 ah 1173/1759).

(2)

(Tarjamah i Har-bans Purān) (beg. Bi-dān-kih īn kitāb musammā bi-Har-bans az guftār i Byās): Ethé 1952 (186 foll. ah 1136/1723), Mas̲h̲had iii, fṣl.14, mss., no. 91 (254 foll. Presented by Nādir S̲h̲āh in 1145/1732–3).

(3)

¶ Tarjamah i Har bans Purān, possibly identical with the preceding: Būhār 107 (beg. Faṣl dar d̲h̲ikr i Rām-avatār C̲h̲ūn sābiq^an mad̲h̲kūr s̲h̲ud. foll. 251–407 19th cent.).

§ 778. Jātakābharan.

Persian translation: Miftāh al-nujūm (beg. Baʿd az h. u sp. i S̲h̲īrazah-band i S̲h̲ams u Qamar), in nine bābs: Lahore Univ. (ah 1247/1831. See ocm. x/3 (May 1934) p. 104)

§ 779. Iñāna-mālā.

(1)

Gyān-mālā (beg. Kitāb i G.-m mus̲h̲tamil bar kalimāt i naṣāyih kih Shrī Kris̲h̲na jīw ba-Arjun farmūdand), translation (according to Brelve-Dhabhar) by S̲h̲. Burak̲h̲ in 1191/1777 “from Hindi”: Rehatsek p. 98 no. 50 (ah 1111 (sic?)⁹/1699–1700), Brelvi-Dhabhar p. xxv no. 10 (probably transcribed from the preceding ms.), Ross & Browne 258(5) (transcribed (evidently from Rehatsek p. 98 no. 50) in 1280/1864. foll. 52–61).

(2)

Tarjamah i Gyān-mālā (beg. Īn nusk̲h̲ah i G. M. jawāb u suʾāl i S̲h̲rī Kris̲h̲na jīw [u] Arjun kih S̲h̲uk’hdēō bā Rājah Parīc̲h̲hīt mī-gūyad), possibly the same translation as the preceding: Ivanow 1714(3) (foll. 685–99. ah 1213/1798–9), Būhār 107 (foll 222–35. 19th cent.).

(3)

Naṣāʾiḥ al-k̲h̲alāʾiq¹⁰ (beg. (in the Bānkīpūr ms.) Munājāt ba-ḥaḍrat i Qādir i Bī-c̲h̲ūn i bī-s̲h̲abīh u bī-numūn kih az qaṭrah i āb, (in the Bodleian ms.) Baʿdahu dar bayān i c̲h̲and dastān i ṭarāwat-bayān numūdah mī-s̲h̲awad bandah ʿAbd Allāh), a translation by a certain ʿAbd Allāh: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2266 (foll. 46–55), Bodleian 1241(52) (foll. 631–8). [Presumably also Āṣafīyah ii p. 1606 no. 336. cf. pl. iv no. 923 (58) infra. v.s.].

§ 780. Kāmrū-panc̲h̲āsikā [?],¹¹ (beg. A.b. c̲h̲unīn gūyad mutarjim i kitāb kih dar Hindūstān kutub i bisyār dīdam), on divination and magic: Vatican 20 (56 foll. ah 1031/1622. Rossi p. 47).

§ 781. Kapila-sanhitā.

Kapīl-sang’hītā (beg. Ḥ. i wāfir u t̲h̲. i mutakāt̲h̲ir mar haḍrat i K̲h̲āliqī rā kih anwāʿ), a translation made by Muns̲h̲ī Brij Mōhan (Vraja Mōhana) ¶ (cf. pl ii nos. 615, 876 (2)) and Sāk’hā Rām S̲h̲āstrī for Andrew Stirling¹² of a Sanskrit description and legendary history of four shrines in Orissa: Berlin 1078 (1).

§ 782. Karma-vipāka, on retribution for sins and virtues after rebirth in the form of a dialogue between Bharat and Bhrigu Ris̲h̲i.

(1)

Tarjamah i Karam-bipāk (beg. C̲h̲unīn āwardah and kih rūzī Bharat az Bhrigu Rik’hī), a condensed paraphrase without translator’s name: Ivanow Curzon 692 (foll. 107–22 ah 1188/1774).

(2)

Pōt’hī Karam-bipāk: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1538 no. 49 (perhaps the same translation as the preceding ah 1242/1826–7).

(3)

Karam-Vipāk, described as a “metrical treatise” [sic?]: Eton 153.

§ 783. Kāśī-K’hanḍa, on the topography and legends of Benares (anciently Kāśī), from the Skanda Purāṇa.

(1)

Baḥr al-najāt (beg. Hazār hazār s̲h̲. u sp. mar Ān Bī-qiyās rā sazad), a translation by Anand-g’han “K̲h̲was̲h̲” (for whom see pl. iv no. 754 supra) in five volumes composed at the request of Jonathan Duncan G̲h̲aḍanfar-Jang (cf. pl. i no. 647 2nd footnote): Ethé 1959 (ah 1207–8/1792–4), Ivanow 1713 (Vols. ii–v only ah 1207–8/1792–4).

(2)

Kās̲h̲ī K’hand, an abridged translation by Paṭnī Mal: [Lucknow, 1865?°] (289 pp.).

§ 784. Kāśī-Māhātmya see Panchakroṣa.

§ 785. Kshētra-Māhātmya.

Tarjamah i C̲h̲hetr Mahātam (beg. Ad’hyāy i awwal Jaiman rik’hīs̲h̲ar az Sūt munī wa-g̲h̲airah rik’hīs̲h̲arān mī-gūyad kih Srī Bhagwān), an adaptation by Karan Sing’h K’hatrī, a Panjābī resident in S̲h̲āhjahānābād [i.e. Delhi], of portions of the Skanda Purāna relating to holy places (c̲h̲hētr, Skt. kshētra), probably in Orissa, in forty-five ad’hyāyas: Ethé 1960 (foll 119–202 1211 Faṣlī [= 1218/1803–4], autograph), 2925 (72 foll.).

§ 786. Līlāvati: see pl. ii no. 6 (1).

§ 787. Mānava D’harma-Shāstra

(Tarjamah i Mānav D’haram-S̲h̲āstar) (beg. Dar zamānī-kih Manū Rīk’hih dil ba-dast āwardah Khwush-waqt nishastah būd), a paraphrase ¶ with interwoven commentary prepared for Sir William Jones: Berlin 1082 (148 foll.)

§ 788. Māndalā-pānjī, an Oriya work on the ancient history of Orissa.

(1)

Tarjamah i Mādalah-pānjī, “translation of a portion of the Maudala panjee of the temple of Jagonath¹³ in Orissa, given¹⁴ by the Dewal karn,¹⁵ in May 1821” and divided into three dafʿahs: Berlin 1078(3).

(2)

(Tarjamah i Māndalā-pānjī), another translation, apparently of the same portion, made for Andrew Stirling by Rād’hā Mād’hab Dās Bālēsarī:¹⁶ Berlin 1078(4).

§ 789. Matsya Purāna.

(Tarjamah i) Majhah Pūrān: Caetani 77 (no date mentioned).

§ 790. Mitāksharā, a commentary on the Yājñavalkya Smriti, a manual of law and ethics.

Tarjamah i Mitāc̲h̲harā (beg. (see Chanykov 21) st. u niyāyis̲h̲ mar Ṣāniʿī rā Kih c̲h̲andīn hazār maṣnūʿāt), a translation made in 1068/1657–8 by Laʿl Bihārī Kāyast’h: Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Chanykov 21. ah 1219/1804), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ mss. p. 4 (ah 1235/1820), Ivanow 1710 (same translation? Beg., without preface, Faṣl i awwal dar bayān i barn. Circ. 169 foll. ah 1142/1729).

Edition: Lucknow 1879° (N.K.Title: D’haram S̲h̲astar i Hunūd yaʿnī S̲h̲arḥ i Yāgyah Walkyah Smritī har sih ad’hyāy muʾallafah i Wigyānēs̲h̲war Āc̲h̲ārj … mausūm bah Mitāks̲h̲arā. Translator’s name given as Lāl-Bihārī Suk’hasēna. 330 pp.).

§ 791. Panchakrōṣa.

Panc̲h̲akrōs̲h̲ī (beg. H. u th. i bī-pāyān u st. u niyāyis̲h̲ i bī-karān), on the atoning efficiency of worship at the shrines of Shiva at Benares, translated by Kis̲h̲an Sing’h “Nas̲h̲āṭ” (for whom see pl. iii no. 766, iv no. 771 supra and no. 795 infra): Rieu ii 795b (foll 35–52 Late 18th cent), Eton 156 (ah 1173/1759–60).

§ 792. Prabōd’ha c̲h̲andrōdaya, a drama by Krishna Misra.

¶ Persian translation of Swāmī Nand Dās’s Bhāk’hā (i.e. Hindī) version:¹⁷ Gulzār i hāl (beg. Ḥ. D̲h̲ātī rā kih aṣl i d̲h̲āt i mā-st*), completed in 1073/1662–3 by Banwālī-Dās “Walī” (for whom see pl. i no. 620, etc) with the help of Bhawānī Dās: Rieu iii 1043a (foll 124–45. ah 1136/1724), Rehatsek p. 122 no. 15 (ah 1141/1728–9), Madrās i 432 (wrongly described much damaged ah 1152/1739), ii 570 (transcribed from the preceding ms), Ethé 1995 (98 foll. ah 1166/1753), 1996, Eton 157 (not later than ad. 1788), Blochet i 230 (ah 1205/1790), Bodleian iii 2696, Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1094 (defective Early 19th cent.), Ross & Browne 195 (19th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1786 nos. 3, 4.

Editions: Bombay 1862* (title. G. i h. 190 pp. i.o. 306.31.G.13), Lucknow 1294/1877°* (title. Prabōd’h chandr-ōday nāṭak 87 pp. N.K).

§ 793. Rāmāyana, see pl. iii no. 710

§ 794. Singhāsan battīsi: see pl. iii no. 708.

§ 795. Śiva-Purāṇa, or rather Śiva Upapurāṇa.

S̲h̲īw-purān (beg. Ḥ. bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar Qādir i muṭlaq u Dādār i bar-haq rā sazad), a translation in 74 ad’hyāyas by Kis̲h̲an¹⁸ Sing’h “Nas̲h̲āṭ” b. Rāy Prān Nāt’h [who in 1157/1744 composed his G̲h̲arīb al-inshāʾ, for which see pl. iii no. 766]: Ethé 1958 (180 foll. 1096 [Faṣlī?-ah 1100/1689]. Pictures), Ross & Browne 77 (118 foll. 18th cent.), Eton 156b (same translation? ah 1173/1759–60), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1540 no. 50, Berlin 1081 (1).

§ 796. Skanda Purāṇa: see Kāśī-K’hanḍa and Kshētra Māhātmya.

§ 797. Upanishads.

Sirr i akbar, or, as in some mss., Sirr al-asrār (beg. Ḥ. D̲h̲ātī rā kih nuqṭah i bā-yi Bi-smi ’llāh), a translation of fifty Upanishads completed by M. Dārā-S̲h̲ukōh (for whom see pl. i no. 1321, etc.) at Delhi in 1067/1657 with the help of some pandits of Benares: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1540 nos. 1 (ah 1067/1657), 2 (ah 1067/1657), 52 (ah 1166/1753), Rieu i 54 (345 foll. ah 1135/1723), 55a (392 foll. Late 18th cent.), 55a (only the 34 upanishads relating to the At’harva vēda, firstly the Sarb and lastly the Narsing’h 18th cent.), ii 841b (ah 1172/1758), Princeton 145 (defective Early 18th cent.), Blochet i 216 (ah 1162/1748), 217 (defective ah 1185/1771), ¶ Ethé 1980 (splendid ms., undated with a portrait facing fol.l), 1982 (acephalous ah 1183/1769), 1976 (ah 1196/1782), 1977 9, 1981, Bodleian iii 2694 (ah 1202/1788), Bodleian 1329–31 (three defective mss), Ivanow 1708 (ah 1210/1795–6), 714(4) (Narsing’h Upanishad only, acephalous. ah 1213/179–9), 2nd Suppt. 1093 (breaks off near end of Narsing’h upanishad. Late 18th cent), Curzon 678 (52 Upanishads. Circ ad 1869), 679 (fragment. 19th cent.), Lindensiana p. 131 no. 340 (ad 1795), Berlin 1077 (2) (extracts only), Bānkīpūr xvi 1453 (ah 1246/1830), Suppt ii 2083 (ad 1877), Būhār 107 foll. 235–51 (evidently a fragment or extracts only. 19th cent.).

Edition: Sirr i akbar [edited by Brij Mōhan Lāl (and Sūraj Mal according to Quarterly Cat.)]. Benares 1909* (Pt. i only. 157 pp.).

Latin translation: Oupnek’hat (id est, Secretum tegendum). opus ipsa in India rarissimum, continens antiquam et arcanam, seu theologicam et philosophicam, doctrinam … ad verbum, e persico idiomate, samskreticis vocabulis intermixto, in latinum conversum, dissertationibus illustratum. studio et opera Anquetil Duperron,¹⁹ Strasbourg²⁰ 1801–2⁰* (2 vols. 734, 880 pp.).

German translation: Das Oupnek’hat. Aus der sanskrit-persischen Uebersetzung des Fürsten Mohammed Daraschekoh in das Lateinsche von Anquetil Duperron, in das Deutsche übertragen von F. Mischel. Dresden 1882° (591 pp.).

§ 798. Vāyu Purāṇa: see Gayā Māhātmya. [no. 774 supra].

§ 799. Vēdānta Sāra.

Tarjamah i Bēdānt Sār: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1538 no. 101.

§ 800. Vētāla-panchavim gatika: see pl. iii no. 735.

§ 801. Vic̲h̲āra-mālā, on Hindu mysticism, by Anāt’ha Dāsa.

Bic̲h̲ār-mālah i Fārsī, a translation by Muns̲h̲ī Nihāl C̲h̲and: [Lahore] 1879* (K̲h̲wurs̲h̲ēd i ʿālam Pr. 27 pp.).

§ 802. Vishnu Purāṇa, dialogues between Paraśara and Maitreya

(1)

(Tarjamah i Bis̲h̲an Pūrān), or (Ḥikāyāt i Srī Bis̲h̲an Pūrān) (beg. Parās̲h̲ar ba-Maitriy āg̲h̲āz kard kih Ai Maitriy ān-c̲h̲ih ba-tū talqīn mī-kunam), ¶ thirty-one select stories from the v.p.: Bodleian 1319 (acephalous 155 foll. ah 1210/1795), 1318 (163 foll. N.d.), Ethé 1956, Ivanow Curzon 690 (with an introduction beginning Ḥ. i D̲h̲ātī kih d̲h̲āt u ṣifātas̲h̲ and containing a list of the ḥikāyats. vs 1927/circ. 1870), 691 (ad 1874).

(2)

(Tarjamah i Bis̲h̲an Pūrān), a very similar translation or translations with slight differences in the opening words: Ethé 1957 (ad 1805(?)), ii 3043 (ah 1211/1797).

§ 803. Vivādārṇava-sētu.

(Tarjamah i D’harm-S̲h̲āstr)²¹ (beg Bar āgāh-k̲h̲āṭirān i raus̲h̲an-ḍamīr), a translation by Zain al-Dīn ʿAlī “̓Rasāʾī” (cf. pl. iv no. 884 infra) of a code of Hindu law drawn up in 1187–8/ 1773–5 for warren Hastings by a number of Brāhmans on the basis of a number of Sanskrit works (for the titles of which see Rieu i 63a): Rieu i 62b (211 foll. Late 18th cent), Ethé 2717–19 (three undated copies), possibly also Berlin 1083 (180 foll. b.s. 1196/1782 See pl. iv no. 750 supra).

English translation: A code of Gentoo laws, or, Ordinations of the pundits, from a Persian translation from the original written in the Shanscrit language [Translated into English by N.B. Halhed]. London 1776°* (pp. lxxiv, 61,322), 1777° (pp. cxx, 285), 1781°* (pp. cxx, 284)

French translation: Code des lois des Gentoux,ou Réglements des Brames, traduit de l’anglois (de M. Halhed), d’après les versions faites de l’original écrit en langue samskrete [by J.B.R. Robinet] Paris 1778° (pp. lx, 341).

§ 804. Vraja-vilasa.

Braj-bāsī dās mausūm bah Mat̲h̲nawī i Maẓhar al-ḥusn, a verse translation by Srī-krishna (Shād): [Lucknow 1865?]° (194 pp.).

§ 805. Yōga-Vāsishṭʾha.

(1)

Tarjamah i Jōg-Bās̲h̲ist’h (beg. Barahmanān i Hind rā dar waḥdat i d̲h̲āt i Ḥaq²²), an anonymous translation of an abridgement, in which the abbreviator, a Kas̲h̲mīrī pandit named Abhih Nandan,²³ says that he had reduced the 32,000 slōkas of Vālmīkī’s original to 6,000 and divided the works [as prosed] into six prakarans: Bodleian 1328 (131 foll. ah 1108/1697), ¶ Ethé 1971 (232 foll. ah 1177/1764), Browne Suppt. 363 (King’s 128 Circ. ad 1766), Blochet i 223 (ah 1184/1770), Rieu i 60b (513 foll. Late 18th cent), Būhār 106–7(1) (beg. Baʿd i astut²⁴ ba-janāb i faiḍ-maʾāb i S̲h̲rī Gōbind Gōpāl kih ilṭāf. 19th cent.), Cairo p. 44 (?) (beg. S̲h̲. u sp i bī-q. Translator’s name given as Kas̲h̲mīrī), probably also Ivanow 1714 (1) (beg. Baʿd i astut taḥīyāt i faiḍ-maʾāb [sic. cf. Būhār 106 above]. With a dedication (presumably interpolated) to lmrsān Sāhib Tahawwur-Jang.²⁵ 463 foll. ah 1213/1798–9).

(2)

Tarjamah i Jōg Bās̲h̲ist (beg. (see Ivanow 1699) S̲h̲. u. sp. i bī-q. sazāwār i ḥadrat i Dādār (fol. 2b) Barahmanān i Hind rā dar waḥdat i d̲h̲āt i Ḥaq²⁶), prepared, according to the preface, at the request of Sulṭān Salīm Bahādur [afterwards Jahāngīr Pāds̲h̲āh, 1014 37/1605–28], from an abridgement, by Niẓām [al-Dīn] Pānīpatī with the help of two pandits, Pat’hān [?] Mitr Ḥājīpūrī and Jagannāt’h Mitr Banārasī: Ivanow 1699 (Circ. 386 foll. ah 1151/1738–9), Mas̲h̲had iv p. 44 no. 399 (ah 1224/1809) p. 45 no. 400, Blochet iv 2277 (ah 1253/1837), Majlis 651, possibly also 626(1).

(3)

Tarjamah i Jōg-Bās̲h̲ist’h (beg. Sp. u st. u tamām i niyāyish nit̲h̲ār i Ḥaḍratī-st kih d̲h̲arrāt i akwān), a translation [apparently of Abhih Nandan’s abridgement²⁷] undertaken in 1003/1597–8 in response to a desire expressed by Akbar for a more satisfactory version than those already existing: Dublin A. Chester Beatty (ah 1011/1602. Fine pictures, for which see A note on an illustrated manuscript of the Jog-Bādshisht, by J.V.S. Wilkinson, in bsoas. xii/3–4 (1948) pp. 692–4 (with eight plates)), Edinburgh 327 (100 foll. ah 1198/1783), Rehatsek p. 222 no. 19 (?) (ah 1198/1784), Rieu i 61b(155 foll. 1192 Faṣlī/1784).

(4)

Aṭwār dar ḥall i asrār (beg Ḥ. u t̲h.̲ lāʾiq i d̲h̲āt i k̲h̲udāʾī-st kih), an abridged translation by Ṣūfī S̲h̲arīf²⁸ (cf. no. 776 supra) divided into ten ṭaurs and dedicated to Jahāngīr (1014–37/1605–28): Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii ¶ 2081 (21 foll. ah 170 [=1070/1659–60?], in Aurangzēb’s reign), Bodleian 1289 (ah 1151/1738), 1288(2) (a Fraser ms., therefore not later than mid 18th cent.), 1290 (another Fraser ms.), Rieu iii 1034b (18th cent.), Princeton 106 (late 18th cent.), Berlin 1077 (4) (Ṣafar 1227 [Faṣlī = 1819?]).²⁹

Editions?: Lucknow 1877° (in Majmūʿah i rasāʾil, pp. 47–64); 1885† (in Majmūʿah i c̲h̲ahār rasāʾil).

(5)

Tarjamah i Jōg-Bās̲h̲ist, or Muntak̲h̲ab i Jōg-Bās̲h̲ist (beg. Sp. u. st. u tamām i niyāyis̲h̲ nit̲h̲ār i Ḥaḍratī-st kih d̲h̲arrāt i akwān), a translation [evidently of Abhih Nandan’s abridgement] in six prakarans³⁰ undertaken according to the preface in 1066/1656 by a courtier [unnamed in most mss., but called Ḥabīb Allāh in Ethé 2927] at the request of Dārā-S̲h̲ukōh³¹ [but it will be noticed that the opening words agree with those of the versions prepared in Akbar’s time]: Ivanow 1700 (acephalous. ah 1090/1679), Ivanow Curzon 680 (132 foll ah 1180/1767), Browne Pers. Cat. 35(2) (probably ah 1110/1698–9), Ethé 2927 (ah 1140/1727), 1972 (ah 1154/1742), 1973, 1974, Ross & Browne 194, Aberystwyth 10(2) (a fragment, foll. 36–57), Berlin 1077(1), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2080, Edinburgh New Coll. p. 9 no. 41.

(6)

Tarjamah i Jōg-Bās̲h̲ist, a translation by Himmat Sing’h w. Sirōman-Dās: Āṣafīyah iii p. 196 no. 1449 (ah 1128/1716).

(7)

Tarjamah i Jōg-Bāshist, translations insufficiently described for identification: ʿAlīgaṛh Subh. mss. p. 15 no. 70 (ad 1850), r.a.s. p. 16 (ah 1179/1765–6 and ad 1823).

(8)

Muntak̲h̲ab i Jōg, by Mīr Abū ’l-Qāsim Findariskī (for whom See pl. ii nos. 738, 763): Majlis 640 (17), Blochet iv 2277 at end (?) (ah 1253/1837).

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