9 Ethics

In Volume 4: Law; Tradition; Religion; Sufism; Bahāʾism; Prayers; Hinduism; Translations from Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian Languages, Ethics; Philosophy; Logic

previous chapter: 8 Translations from Sanskrit, Hindi, and other Indian Languages

¶ § 806. Luqmān, the long-lived sage of Pre-Islamic legend, to whom in Islamic time the Fables of Aesop came to be ascribed appears in Persian literature as the author also of a waṣīyah containing a hundred precepts given by him to his son.

[Ency. Isl. under Luḳmān, Brockelmann ii p. 63, Sptbd. ii p. 65].

Ṣad pand i Luqmān, or Pand i Luqmān, or Pand-nāmah i Luqmān, or Naṣāʾiḥ i Luqmān, or Waṣīyat i Luqmān¹(beg. (usually) al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Īn ṣad pand i dil-pasand ast kih Luqmān i Ḥakīm pisar i k̲h̲wud rā waṣīyat kardah u farmūdah Har kih īn suk̲h̲anān rā yād gīrad … Awwal. Ai farzand K̲h̲udāy ʿazza wa-jalla rā bi-s̲h̲inās): a collection of 100 magical and ethical maxims: Bodleian 1418 (W. i. L., “containing some general admonitions in prose”. Beg. Dar ak̲h̲bār c̲h̲unīn āmadah ast kih Luqmān. Perhaps different from the Ṣad pand, as the catalogue seems to imply. Foll. 19–25. ah 878/1473. Ornate ms.), 1419 (Ṣ. p. “Five tables, richly illuminated”), 1241 (44) (P.-n. i L. = Ṣ. p.), 1906 fol. 37b (Ṣ. p.), Rāmpūr (= Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 239. Ṣ. p. ah 945/ 1538–9, by Mīr ʿAlī), Blochet iv 2353 (Ṣ. p. Late 15th cent. Ornate ms., by Sulṭān ʿAlī Mas̲h̲hadī), i 151 (13) (Ṣ. p. ah 1057/1647), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2024 (Ṣ. p. ah 949/1542–3. Ornate ms., by ʿAlī al-Kātib), Bānkīpūr xi 1090 (3) (Ṣ. p. ah 1000/1591–2. Ornate ms., by M. Ḥusain Kas̲h̲mīrī), Ivanow 1526 (1) (P. i L., beg. al-Ḥ. l…. Īn c̲h̲and pand i dil-band-ast kih Luqmān. “Wise sayings … dealing with various magical practices, the recognition of propitious hours, etc.”. ah 45 [= 1045/1635–6?]), Curzon 366 foll. 146–8 (Ṣ. p. Early 19th cent.), 655 (2) (Ṣ. p., with a special preface (beg. Ḥ. i. bī-ḥ. u sp. i bi-ʿadd mar Kirdgārī rā sazad) dedicated to Mahārājah Dalīp Sing’h, for whom the ms. was transcribed in 1263/1847), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1608 no. 327 (Ṣ. p.), Aumer 321 foll. 69–72 (Ṣ. p.), Brelvi-Dhabhar p. 75 no. 1 (3) (P.-n. i L.), Browne Pers. Cat. p. xxxv no. 337 (5) and (6), Suppt. 831–2 (Ṣ. p. Corpus 12 (9) and 115 (4)), Ethé 2217 (W i L. = Ṣ. p.), Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Dorn p. 441 no. 500 (9). Ṣad u panj pand), Madrās ii 572.

Editions: Bombay 1265/1849* (appended to the Sirāj al-munīr of M. S̲h̲arīf “Kās̲h̲if”); Cawnpore 1275/1859° (Ṣ. p. i sūdmand, Risālah i ʿAbd Allāh Anṣār [sic], Ṭuḥfat al-mulūk, Saʿādat-nāmah (and Minhāj ¶ al-ʿārifīn). 32 pp.); 1290/1873° (appended to the Pand-nāmah of “ʿAṭṭār”); Lucknow (n.k.) 1284/1867* (appended to the Pand-nāmah of “ʿAṭṭār”); 1290/1873–4°* (n. k.) (Majmūʿah i Sad pand, Risālah i ʿAbd Allāh Anṣārī, etc. (cf. Cawnpore 1275/1859°) together with (6) the Munājāt of M. Jamīl al-Dīn Farruk̲h̲ābādī); 1873° (appended to the Pand-nāmah of “ʿAṭṭār” in the 4th part of the Panj ganj i murawwajah i Panjāb (viz. (1) Karīmā, (2) Nām i Ḥaqq, (3) Maḥmūd-nāmah, (4) Pand-nāmah of ʿAṭṭār, which in this edition (but not in some others) is followed by the Ṣad pand and the Tuḥfat al-mulūk, (5) Risālah i Qāḍī Quṭb)); Lahore [1870?°] (appended to the Pand-nāmah of “ʿAṭṭār”); 1294/1877° (a reprint of the preceding); Bombay 1319/1902° (appended (in this edition, but not in that of Bombay 1312/1894) to the Pand-nāmah of “ʿAṭṭār” in the Majmūʿah i panj kitāb (viz. (1) Saʿdī’s Pand-nāmah, (2) S̲h̲araf al-Dīn Buk̲h̲ārī’s Nām i Ḥaqq, (3) Maḥmūd-nāmah, (4) “ʿAṭṭār” Pand-nāmah and (5) Risālah i Qāḍī Quṭb); 1324/1906°* (appended to the Jawāhir al-ʿuqūl (Mus̲h̲ u gurbah) ascribed to M. Bāqir b. M. Taqī Majlisī); and in other collectaneous works; Delhi 1914* (Sad Pand-i-Lokman; or, Hundred Advices of Lokman [Edited and] Translated .. into English with notes by Rai Bahadur² Nanak Chand. 12 pp. Delhi Printing works).

English translation: see Editions, Delhi 1914*.

§ 807. Buzurgmihr, the celebrated sage who was Wazīr to K̲h̲usrau Anūs̲h̲irwān (ad 531–79) (cf. pl. ii nos. 178 (127), 866).

Ẓafar-nāmah [i Buzurjmihr] precepts given to Nūs̲h̲īrwān at his request by Buzurjmihr, who after collecting them (in some mss. from Aristotle as answers to a series questions) formed them into a book entitled either by him or, according to some mss., by Nūs̲h̲īrwān Ẓafar-nāmah, mss. was eventually translated in to Persian by Ibn Sīnā:³ Ḥ. K̲h̲. iv p. 175, Blochet iv 2140 (1) (= Schefer 107. ah 881/1477), i 151 (4) (Aristotle version ah 1056/1646), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2038 (beg. Ḥikāyat āwardand kih N. i. ʿĀ. bar sar i pāds̲h̲āhī. Aristotle version. Questions & answers ah 1105/1693–4 (?)), Ethé 1762 (18) (“Story of Buzurjmihr and Aristotle (!)”, similar to, if not identical with, the Ẓafar-nāmah i Buzurjmihr. Beg. al-Ḥ. l…. āwardah and kih rūzī N. i ʿĀ. ba-K̲h̲wājah Būzurjmihr i Ḥakīm, ah 1175/1761), 2151 (Aristotle version, modern), 2152 (defective. Aristotle version), 2737 (2) (same version), Flügel iii 1993 (19) (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-Hādī ilā ’l-manhaj al-ras̲h̲īd … a. b. Bi-dān, Ai ¶ ʿazīz, kih dar rūzgār i Nūs̲h̲īrwān hīc̲h̲ c̲h̲īz az ḥikmah ʿaziztar na-būd. 18th cent.), Ivanow 1369 (a short fragment in modernised language, beginning Bi-dān-kih āwardah and kih rūzī Nūs̲h̲īrwān i ʿĀdil Buzurjmihr rā … ṭalab kard. Late 18th cent.), Rieu i 52b vii (beg. Gūyand dar rūzgār i Anūs̲h̲īrwān i ʿĀdil hīc̲h̲ c̲h̲īz ʿazīztar az ḥikmat na-būd. ah 1226/1811), Āṣafīyah i p. 24 nos. 144 (ah 1233/1818), 132, Bodleian 1241 (43), 1476 (6), 2019, Bombay Univ. p. 287 (Ẓ.-n. yā Dānis̲h̲-nāmah i Abūzurjmihr. Aristotle version. Beg. D.-n. i B. i Ḥakīm kih dar dunyā u dīn ba-kār āyad agar kasī), Browne Pers. Cat. p. xxxv no. 337 (4) and (7) (?) (“counsels of Buzurgmihr to Núshírván”), Suppt 848 (Corpus 115 (3)), Cairo p. 477 (beg. Ḥ. i maufūr u s̲h̲. i nā-maḥṣūr), Madrās ii 571, r.a.s. P. 349 (5) (?) (“The counsels of Nushīrvān the Just”), probably also Lindesiana p. 128 nos. 649–51.

Turkish translation: Krafft 485.

Editions:

(1) Ẓafar-nāmah, Paris (Vienne printed) 1883–5°* (in Charles Schefer’s Chrestomathie persane i pp. 1–6 (texts) and 3–5 (notes)).

(2) Pīrūzī-nāmah ed. K. Rajawī Tihrān 1954 (2nd. ed. Cf. Probsthain’s Orientalia nova 4/1 (1952–5) p. 74 no. 1348).

English translation: The Zafarnámah: a dialogue between Aristotle and Buzurjumihr. Translated … by Bábu Narasinha Datta (in jasb. xx Calcutta, 1851), pp. 426–30).

Also ascribed to Buzurjmihr are:

(1): Andarz-nāmah: Blochet i 205 (15).
(2): Naṣīḥat i Būzurjmihr (beg. Buwad c̲h̲ār ḥālat ziyān dar wujūd*. 2 pp. Entirely metrical?): Madrās i 255 (e).
(3): Kanz al-mulūk: Lindesiana p. 128 no. 786 d (circ. ad 1830).
(4): Tuḥfat al-mulūk, in 40 chapters (see pl. iv no. 923 (80) infra): Blochet iv 2443 (the ascription of the advice to Buzurjmihr seems to be unusual).

§ 808. Amīr Subuktigīn.

The Pand-nāmah of Subuktigin [edited from the Paris ms of the Majmaʿ al-ansāb (cf. pl. no. 112 2nd par.) with an English translation] By M. Nazim [i.e M. Nāẓim] (in jras 1933 pp. 605–28).

§ 809. M. b. ʿAlī … Ibn Bābawaih al-Qummī, called al-S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al-Ṣadūq, died at Raiy in 381/991–2 (see pl. iii no. 671).

: al-K̲h̲iṣāl, on virtues and vices, etc., in Arabic. See Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 322¹⁰, D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 162 no. 876, Mas̲h̲had v p. 82 nos. 516–19, p. 266 nos. 525–7.
¶ Persian translation and commentary completed in 1367/1948 by S̲h̲. M. Bāqir Kamaraʾī, a resident of Raiy (for whom cf. pl. i Add. ad no. 48 [48o], iv no. 266): Tihrān ahs 1327/1948–9 (vol. i, appended to the Arabic text. ʿIlmī Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 266 no. 527).

§ 810. Abū ’l-Lait̲h̲ Naṣr b. M. al-Samarqandī died in 393/1003 or some years earlier.

Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn: see Brockelmann i p. 196, Sptbd i p. 348.

Persian translations:

(1): Tarjamah i Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn (beg. Sp. mar K̲h̲udāy rā kih sitāyis̲h̲hā mar ū rā sazā-st), in 93 bābs (enumerated in Berlin cat.) by Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b.⁴ Badīl (or Budail) b. M. al-ṣāliḥain:⁵ Blochet ii 736 (248 foll. ah 662/1264), Berlin 265 (ah 731/1330).
(2): Tarjamah i Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn, a translation of unknown authorship differing considerably from Loth 147 in arrangement and number of chapters (seventy according to the preface, but rather more in the text, where, however, they are not numbered or distinguished by headings after Bāb 68): Rieu iii 1064 b (Or. 1566 margin. ah 925/1519).
(3): Tarjamah i Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn, unidentified: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1604 no. 170, Asʿad 1369, Āyā Ṣūfiyah 1742, ʿUmūmīyah 1674.

§ 811. Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. M. ibn Miskawaihi died in 421/1030 (see Brockelmann i p. 342, Sptbd. i p. 582, Ency. Isl. under Ibn Miskawaih (unsigned)).

(1)

Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad,⁶maxims of the ancient Persians, the Indians, the Arabs, the Greeks and the Islamic philosophers, being an enormously supplemented edition of the Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad, a work of ancient Persian wisdom which, having been brought to the notice of the Caliph Maʾmūn by the learned Persian D̲h̲ūbān (or D̲h̲auban, or D̲h̲aupān), was translated into Arabic by al-Ḥasan b. Sahl: see Brockelmann i p. 342, Sptbd. i p. 584, D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 25, v p. 78.

Persian translations:

(a) (Tarjamah i) Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad (beg. Nurānītar āyatī kih Sīmurg̲h̲ i Qāf i balāg̲h̲at), prepared for Jahāngīr (1014–37/1605–28) by Taqī al-Dīn ¶ M. b. S̲h̲. M. al-Arrajānī al-Tustarī:⁷ Rieu ii 440b (defective at end. 120 foll. 18th cent.).

(b) Intik̲h̲āb i S̲h̲āyistah-K̲h̲ānī⁸ (beg. Sazāwārtar sitāyis̲h̲ i Parwardgār i ʿālamiyān), prepared in 1065/1655 by Ibn Ḥājjī S̲h̲ams al-Dīn (Ross & Browne 129 adds Gīlānī) M. Ḥusain, i.e. M. Ḥusain Ḥakīm b. Ḥājjī S̲h̲ams al-Dīn Gīlānī [and evidently dedicated to S̲h̲āyistah K̲h̲ān⁹]: Ethé 2210 (124 foll. ah 1130/1718 (?)), Rehatsek p. 222 no. 20 (Jāwidān k̲h̲irad), Ross & Browne 129 (Intik̲h̲āb i Jāwidān k̲h̲irad. 177 foll. ah 1240/1824–5).

Edition: Muk̲h̲taṣarī … Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad, [Ṭihrān?] ah 1294/1877° (436 pp. Ed. Mānokjī Līmjī Hōs̲h̲ang Hātaryā (cf. pl. i nos. 317 (2), 329). Doubtless this in the edition described (perhaps correctly) as of 1293 in Āṣafīyah iii p. 6 no. 324).

The following works, unconnected with Ibn Miskawaihi, are presumably translations (perhaps a single translation) of the Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad, though that title is not mentioned:-

(i) Qānūn al-ḥikmah wa-dastūr [al- -?] (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-’l-ʿāqibatu … a. b. k̲h̲udāwandān i ak̲h̲bār … c̲h̲unīn riwāyat kardah and kih c̲h̲ūn Maʾmūn i K̲h̲alīfah ba-K̲h̲urāsān āmad), sayings of prophets, philosophers, kings, wazīrs and others on ethical and political subjects, said to have been translated for the Caliph Maʾmūn by the aforementioned D̲h̲ūbān from an old book found in an iron box buried in the palace of a Persian king: Bodleian 1417 (foll. 864 a – 699 a, margin and foll. 697b–699a, centre column. N. d., but the ms., which contains among other works Aḥmad G̲h̲affārī’s Nigāristān (pl. i no. 132 (1)), cannot be earlier than the 16th century).

¶ (ii) D̲h̲ūbān-nāmah: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1606 no. 326 (with coloured illustrations. Classified under Mawāʿiẓ).

(2)

Tahd̲h̲īb al-ak̲h̲lāq: see Brockelmann i p. 343, Sptbd. i p. 584.

Persian translation: Tarjamah i Tahd̲h̲īb al-ak̲h̲lāq (beg. Ak̲h̲lāq i muhad̲h̲d̲h̲abah i ahl i kamāl): Edinburgh 261 (lacks k̲h̲ātimah. 61 foll. Jahāngīrnagar [i.e. Dacca], ah 1081/1670), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1224/1809. See ocm. ix/2 Feb. 1933) p. 43), Bodleian iii 2730.

§ 812. Abū ’l-Qāsim al-Ḥusain b. M. b. al-Mufaḍḍal known as al-Rāg̲h̲ib al-Iṣfahānī died perhaps in 502/1108–9 (see Brockelmann i p. 289, Suppt d. i p. 505, Ency. Isl. under Rāg̲h̲ib (Brockelmann)).

al-D̲h̲arīʿah ilā makārim al-s̲h̲arīʿah: for mss and printed editions see Brockelmann.

Persian translations:

(1): Tarjamah i D̲h̲arīʿah ilā makārim al-s̲h̲arīʿah (beg….¹⁰ wa-bi-d̲h̲ikrihi astaftiḥu wa-bi-karamihi astabjihu [read atabajjaḥu?]), a translation and commentary prepared by an unknown author, dedicated to Sulṭān Jamāl al-Dīn Abū Isḥāq [b.] Maḥmūd S̲h̲āh [Injū, ruler of Fārs and ʿIrāq 743–58/1342–57, the dedicatee also of the Nafāʾis al-funūn] and divided, like the original into seven faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Blochet ii 737 (lacks k̲h̲ātimah and has fairly numerous lacunae. ah 926/1520).
(2): Kunūz al-wadīʿah min rumūz al-D̲h̲arīʿah ilā makārim al-s̲h̲arīʿah (beg. Aḥsan kalāmī kih ba-d̲h̲arīʿah i anwār i maʿānī i ān), a translation and detailed commentary differing slightly from the preceding and evidently by the same unknown author, composed in the reign of Sulṭān Jalāl al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fawāris S̲h̲āh S̲h̲ujāʿ al-Muẓaffarī [ah 760–86/ 1359–84], and divided, like the original, into seven faṣls with a long appendix (faṣl) by the translator in three namaṭs devoted respectively to Arabic, Greek and Persian maxims not included in the body of the work and finally a conclusion by the translator: Rieu Suppt. 146 (ah 835/1432), Bodleian 1450 (ah 1070/1660), Blochet ii 738 (ornate ms. ah 1091/1680).

§ 813. Abū Ḥāmid M. b. M. al-G̲h̲azzālī died in 505/1111 (see Brockelmann i p. 420, Sptbd. i p. 744, Ency. Isl. under G̲h̲azālī.

(1)

Aiyuhā ’l-walad: see Brockelmann i p. 423 no. 32, Sptbd. i p. 750.

Persian paraphrase: Ai farzand¹¹ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā … a. b. bi-dān-kih yakī az jumlah i tilmīd̲h̲ān (or s̲h̲āgirdān) i … Abū Ḥāmid … al-G̲h̲azzālī): ¶ Ethé 1792 (17 foll. ah 1083/1672), Berlin 14 (30), Ivanow Curzon 404 (2) (early 19th cent.).

(2)

Kīmiyā i saʿādat: Bānkīpūr xvi 1346 (272 foll., of which 61–95, 105–6 and 121–268 are in an old Nask̲h̲ alleged¹² to be G̲h̲azzālī’s autograph, the rest 16th cent. Full list of chapters), 1347 (17th cent.), Suppt. ii 2068 (ah 1266/1850), Peshawar 927 (ah 608/1211–12), Rieu i 37 a (ah 672/1274), 37 b (Rukns i–iii. Partly 13th cent), 38a (to end of Rukn ii. 15th cent.), 37b (ah 1023/1614), Majlis i 582 (ah 684/1285), 581 (ah 1032/1623), Dresden 87 (Rukn iv. ah 701/1301–2), 4 (Rukns iii–iv. ah 730/1345–6?), Blochet i 85 (ah 708/1308), 86 (ah 741/1341), 87 (late 14th cent.), 88–90, iv 2245, Browne Coll. N. 2. (Rukns iii–iv. ah 727/1327), Ivanow Curzon 405 (lacks Rukn ii, end of Rukn i and part of Rukn iii. ah 737/1336–7), Ivanow 1160 (ah 954/1547), 1161–4, Leyden iv p. 334 no. 2183 (ah 771/1369–70), Cairo pp. 417–18 (3 mss., one of Rukns i–ii dated 835/1431), Mehren p. 5 no. 5 (old, but date not clear), Āṣafīyah i p. 466 nos. 9 (ah 903/1497–8), 8, ii p. 1610 nos. 166, 167, 197, Būhār 166 (ah 903/1497), 167–8, Ethé 1781 (ah 905/1499), 1782–90, Berlin 249 (ah 1014/1605), 250 (Rukns iii–iv. ah 1196/1782), 248 (modern), Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, mss., no. 35 (ah 1060/1650), Lindesiana p. 143 nos. 231–4 (circ. ad 1650), 235 (an abridgement. Circ. ad 1700), Lahore Panjāb univ. (2 copies, one dated 1080/1669–70 (?). See ocm. viii/3 p. 134), Eton 33 (ah 1104/1692–3), Rehatsek p. 121 no. 14 (ah 1113/1701–2), Aumer 194 (ah 1125/1713), 195 (Muqaddamah and Rukns i–ii), Bodleian 1429 (ah 1138/1725–6), 1430, Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (Rukns iii–iv. See Mélanges asiatiques vii (1876) p. 399), Pub. Lib. (Dorn p. 256 no. 261. N.d.), Univ. nos. 403 (Salemann-Rosen p. 18), 1221* (Romaskewicz p. 12), Upsala Zetterstéen 379 (defective at both ends).

Editions: [Calcutta, 18?*] (pp. 10, 571); Calcutta 1253/1837–8 (Āṣafīyah i p. 466 no. 166); [Lucknow] 1282/1865–6° (578 pp.); 1288/1871* (n.k. 578 pp.); 1291/1874* (n.k. 578 pp. Based on Maulawī Hādī ʿAlī’s 1279/1862 edition). Bombay 1882° (562 pp. Marginal notes); 1300/1883 (571 pp. See Karatay p. 119).

English translation of a Turkish abridgement: The alchemy of happiness … Translated from the Turkish, by H. A. Homes. Albany, N. Y, 1873° (In advance of the transactions of the Albany Institute, Vol. viii).

¶ English translation of extracts:

(a) The alchemy of happiness: or The key to eternal bliss. An exposition of Islamic theosophy. By K. F. Mirza. Lahore 1874° (96 pp.).

(b) The alchemy of happiness, rendered into English by Claud Field, London 1910 (Wisdom of the East Series).

German translation of extracts: Das Elixier der Glüchseligkeit aus persischen und arabischen Quellen in Auswahl übersetzt von H. Ritter, Jena 1923.

Abridgement: Iksīr i saʿādat (beg. Sp. i bī-q. mar Āfrīdgārī rā kih saqf i samā), prepared in 1143/1730–1, dedicated to M Niẓām al-Mulk Bahādur [Āṣaf-Jāh, who died in 1161/1748] and divided into nine bābs, by an author whose tak̲h̲alluṣ is “Saʿīd”: Ivanow 1288 (ah 1145/1732–3).

Extracts:

(a) Intik̲h̲āb i K. i s. (beg. K̲h̲wājah Afḍal al-Dīn i Kās̲h̲ī az K. i s. kalimātī c̲h̲and intik̲h̲āb kardah ast tā ṭālibān i maʿrifat i Ḥaqq rā sūdmand buwad c̲h̲unīn farmāyad), extracts selected by Afḍal al-Dīn Kās̲h̲ī (for whom see pl. iv no. 819 infra) from the four ʿunwāns of the introduction: Ethé 1791 (foll 287a–293. ah 1180/1766).

(b) Muntak̲h̲abāt i K. i s. (beg. Īn suk̲h̲anan i K. i s. ast kih K̲h̲wājah A. al-D. i. K. az kitāb i K…. intik̲h̲āb kardah), possibly identical with the preceding: Majlis 621 (16).

(3)

Zād i āk̲h̲irat (beg. al-Ḥ. l…. ai g̲h̲āfil i miskīn), on various topics of ethics: Leyden iv p. 334 no. 2184 (very defective ah 811/1408–9), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1007 (ascribed in the colophon to al-G̲h̲azzālī. 59 foll. ah 1189/1775), Ivanow 1407 (circ. 110 foll. Early 19th cent.).

Editions: 1268/1851–2 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1168, under Fiqh i S̲h̲āfiʿī); 1276/1859–60 (Āṣafīyah i p. 440 no. 142); 1297/1880 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1608 no. 289).

§ 814. Abū Bakr M. b. al-Walīd al-Ṭurṭūs̲h̲ī died at Fusṭāṭ in 520/1126 or 525/1131 (see Brockelmann i p. 459, Sptbd. i p. 829).

Sirāj al-mulūk: see Brockelmann i p. 459, Sptbd. i p. 830.

: Persian translation: Tarjamah i Sirāj al-mulūk (beg. Jamīl al-t̲h̲anā-yi ʿAlī bi-aʿlā marātib), dedicated to ʿAbd al-Raḥīm K̲h̲ān i K̲h̲ānān (d. 1036/1627: cf. pl. i no. 698 Persian translations (3)) by Taqī al-Dīn M. b. Ṣadr al-Dīn [i.e. probably Taqīyā-yi S̲h̲ūs̲h̲tarī, who translated the Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad (see pl. iv no. 811 (1) (a) supra), though it is not certain that his father’s laqab was Ṣadr al-Dīn]: Ivanow Curzon 498 (280 foll. Mid 18th cent.), Tashkent Pub. Lib. (Kahl 53, modern).

§ 815. Abū ’l-Qāsim Naṣr b. Aḥmad S̲h̲ādānī Nīs̲h̲āpūrī was at G̲h̲aznī in 503/1109–10 and often refers to the reigning Sulṭān Masʿūd.

: ¶ Ganj al-ganj¹³ (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd Ḥakīmī rā kih manāẓim i ʿālam rā. Beg. of Bāb ii (original work) Bāb i dūyum. Gird āwardah s̲h̲ud andar-īn bāb anwār i ʿaql), on politics (ak̲h̲lāq i pāds̲h̲āhān) with a large number of historical anecdotes, in six bābs, of which, however, the first is lost, the anonymous editor having supplied a new preface to an incomplete copy which lacked the introduction and Bāb i: Ivanow 1370 (circ. 343 foll. 18th cent.), Madrās i 433 (746 pp. ah 1188/1774 (?)¹⁴), Madrās Ahl i Islām library (ah 1232/1817. Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 241).
Analysis: W. Ivanow “Note on an Early Persian Work on Ethics” jasb n.s. xix (1923) pp. 295–8.

§ 816. Raḍī al-Dīn al-Ḥasan b. al-Faḍl al-Ṭabarsī (or rather, it would seem, al-Ṭabrasī or al-Ṭabrisī: see pl. i Add. ad no. 218) flourished presumably in the second half of the 6th/12th century (see pl. i no. 218).

Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq, in Arabic (see pl. i no. 218 2nd par., Brockelmann Sptbd. i p. 709).

Persian translations:

(1): Makārim al-karāʾim (beg. H. i bī-ʿadd u s̲h̲. i bī-ḥ. ḥaḍrat i Aḥadī rā sazad kih Saiyid i Bas̲h̲ar), by ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan al-Zawārī (see pl. i no. 218 Persian translations (1)): also Mas̲h̲had v p. 176 no. 727 (ah 1070/1660).
Edition: Tihrān [not later than ahs 1327/1948–9] (ed. S.M. Saʿīd Ṭabaṭabāʾī Nāʾīnī with the Arbaʿīn and Tuḥfat al-Ṭūsīyah of ʿAbbās Qummī (cf. pl. i no. 1662) on the margin).
(2): Maḥāsin al-ādāb (beg. Jawāhir i zawāhir i ḥ u sp.), by Naṣīr al-Dīn M. b. ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Anṣārī al-Astarābādī (cf. pl. iv no. 708 (2) supra) made in S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp’s reign not earlier than 941/1534–5: Rieu i 15b (16th cent.), Leningrad univ no. 1050 (ah 1090/1679. Romaskewicz p. 13).
(3): Tarjamah i Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd Qaiyūmī rā kih ʿuqūl), completed in 1064/1654 by an unknown author: i.ḥ. 575, D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 138 no. 670, Bānkīpūr xiv 1218 (ah 1002/1594 (1102/1691?)), 1219 (18th cent.), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1021 (early 18th cent.), Calcutta Madrasah p. 64 no. 112, Mas̲h̲had v p. 50 nos. 435, 436.
(4): Tarjamah i Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq (beg. ai nām i Tu ʿunwān i kitāb i ak̲h̲lāq*), completed in 1065/1655 by ʿAlī b. Ṭaifūr al-Bisṭāmī: see pl. i no. 218 Persian translations (4).
(5): ¶ [Tarjamah i] Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq, probably identical with one of those mentioned above: Leningrad Univ. no. 1169b (ah 1053/1643. Romaskewicz p. 14), Lindesiana p. 109 no. 680 (ah 1180/1766–7).

§ 817. Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn Mubārak-S̲h̲āh Ghōrī.

: Raḥīq al-taḥqīq: see pl. i no. 1644 5th par.

§ 818. Isḥāq b. Ibrāhīm b. Abī ’l-Ras̲h̲īd b. G̲h̲ānim al-Ṭāʾibī [al-Ṭāʾī?] al-Sijāsī.

: Farāʾid al-sulūk fī faḍāʾil al-mulūk (beg. Sp. u st. Wāhib i ʿaql u ḥayāt), on the virtues proper to a ruler, with numerous anecdotes, completed in Rajab 610/November 1213, dedicated to Muẓaffar al-Dīn Uzbak [the last Atābak of Ād̲h̲arbāyjān] and divided into ten bābs ((1) fī faḍāʾil al-ʿaql …, (2) fī faḍāʾil al-ʿilm, (3) fī faḍāʾil al-ʿadl …, etc.), each bāb being followed by a poem in praise of M. al-D. U.: Blochet ii 759 (126 foll. ah 915/1509–10, possibly to be read 715/1315–16), 758 (290 foll. ah 980/1572), ʿUmūmī 5199.

§ 819. Bābā Afḍal al-Dīn M. b. al-Ḥasan Maraqī Kās̲h̲ī died (at Maraq (near Kās̲h̲ān), where his grave is a place of pilgrimage) in Rajab 666/March-April 1268 according to a short biographical note appended to works of his in some mss. (e.g. Ivanow Curzon 419, Browne Coll. D. 19). The meagre information available concerning him is discussed by Saʿīd Nafīsī in an essay prefixed to his edition of the rubāʿīyāt (Ṭihrān ahs 1311/1933). See also Rieu ii 829 b, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 280, Haft iqlīm no. 937, etc. His Intik̲h̲āb i Kīmiyā i saʿādat has been mentioned under no. 813 (2) supra.

: Sāz u pīrāyah i s̲h̲āhān, Pāds̲h̲āh-nāmah (beg. Āg̲h̲āz i guftār az nām i ān gīrīm kih āg̲h̲āz u anjām i har guftār u kirdār), on the rights and duties of royalty in three guftārs and a faṣl or k̲h̲ātimah: Ethé 1921 (5) (ah 1068/1657–8), Bānkīpūr xvii 1508 (17th cent.), Bodleian 1445 (2), Majlis 621 (14), 623 (2), Rāmpūr (undated but old. Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 238).
Edition: Ṭihrān 1311/1893–4 (see Majlis 623 (2)).

§ 820. K̲h̲wājah Naṣīr al-Dīn M. b. M. b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī¹⁵ died at Bag̲h̲dād in 672/1274 (see pl. ii no. 91, Add. ad no. 10, etc.).

(1)

¶ Ak̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī (beg. Ḥ i bī-ḥ. u madḥ i bī-ʿadd lāʾiq i ḥaḍrat), a treatise on ethics based (so far as Maqālah i is concerned) on the Arabic Kitāb al-Ṭahārah of Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad b. M. b. Miskawaih (d 421/1030: see no. 811 supra), written in 633/1235–6,¹⁶ dedicated to¹⁷ and named after Nāṣir al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Abī Manṣūr (Governor of Quhistān under the Ismāʿīlī princes ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn M. (d 653) and Rukn al-Dīn K̲h̲wur-s̲h̲āh) and divided into three maqālahs ((1) dar tahd̲h̲īb al-ak̲h̲lāq, (2) dar tadbīr i manāzil, (3) dar siyāsat i mudun): Ḥ K̲h.̲ i p. 205, i.ḥ. no. 134, D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 380, Cairo p. 412 ((1) ah 674/1275–6, (2) ah 734/1334), Rieu Suppt 147 (ah 680/1281), 148 (15th cent), Rieu ii 441b–442b (4 copies), 856 b, Breslau Richter 117 (ad 1317 (?)), Blochet ii 730 (early 14th cent), 731 (14th cent), 732–3, iv 2354–6 Vatican Pers. 40 (ah 869/1465 Ross p. 69), Ivanow Curzon 488 (ah 877 or thereabouts), Ivanow 1372–8, Bodleian 1435 (ah 949/1542–3), 1436–42 iii 2723, Browne Pers. Cat. 124 (15th cent), Suppt 37 41, Leningrad Institut (16th cent Rosen 109), Univ nos. 349, 1169a (Salemann-Rosen p. 12, Romaskewicz p. 3), Ethé 2156 (ah 1001/1593), 2155 (ah 1041/1632), 2157–71, 2949–50, Ross & Browne 130, Lindesiana p. 201 nos. 102 (circ ad 1600), 529 (ah 1042/1632–3), 530, Āṣafīyah i p. 18 nos. 121 (ah 1027/1618), 21, 22, 92, p. 20 nos. 125, 131, Maʿārif i 97 (ah 1042/1632), 98, r.a.s P 189 (ah 1053/1643), P 188, P 190–1, New York Columbia Univ. (ah 1077/1666 see jaos 49/3 (Sept. 1929) p. 232), Berlin 269 (ah 1089/1678), 268, 270, Būhār 208 (ah 1098/1687), Bānkīpūr ix 938 (17th cent), 939, aumer 196 (ah 1138/1725–6), Edinburgh 95 (ah 1146/1733–4), 262, New Coll. p. 7, ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss p. 50., nos. 3, 6 (ah 1155/1742), Dresden 343, Gotha Arab Cat. v p. 494 no. 22***, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm ix/2 (Feb. 1933) p. 43), Leyden iv p. 210 no. 1956, Mas̲h̲had 9, mss, no. 13, Mehren 135, Rehatsek p. 216 nos. 3, 4, Vollers 908.

Editions: Calcutta 1251/1835–6 (Āṣafīyah i p. 18), 1269/1852–3 (Zenker ii 1035), Bombay 1267/1850–1 (Zenker ii 1034), 1310/1892 (Karatay p. 120), Lahore 1865°, Lucknow pre-Mutiny (Āṣafīyah i p. 18), Lucknow 1286/1869°* (n.k.) 1293/1876*, 1300/1883 (n.k. 512 pp. Karatay p. 120), 1309/1892 (nk 502 pp.) Karatay p. 119).

Extracts:

(a) Plato’s instructions to Aristotle From the Uklack Nassery [with English Translation] (in The Oriental miscellany, consisting of original productions ¶ and translations, Vol i, Calcutta 1798°* and also in The Persian reader, or select extracts from various Persian writers, Vol ii, Calcutta 1824°*.

(b) Das Kapitel von der Liebe in C.R.S Perper’s Stimmen aus dem Morgenlande, Hirschberg 1850°.

Revised and annotated edition completed in 1098/1687 by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAbbāsī Burhānpūrī:¹⁸ Ethé 2172 (beg Majmūʿah i maḥāmid i Ḥakīm i Ḥaqīqī)

Arabic translation: al-Ak̲h̲lāq al-Naṣīrīyah fī taʿrīb al-ak̲h̲lāq al-Nāṣirīyah written in 713/1313–14 by M. b. ʿAlī b. M. al-Jurjānī:¹⁹ Leyden iv p. 219 no. 1957 (before ah 768/1366–7).

Commentaries:

(a) S̲h̲arḥ i A. i N. (beg. Qauluhu Ḥamd i bī-ḥadd … aʾimmah i lug̲h̲at bar ān-and kih): Bānkīpūr ix 940 (19th cent.), Bodleian 1443 (only introd. & circ. 2 ½ faṣls of 1st qism of Maqālah i).

(b) S̲h̲. i A. i N. (same comm?): Āṣafīyah i p. 22, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm ix/2 (Feb. 1933) p. 44).

(c) “Glosses”, author unknown: Lindesiana p. 202 no. 671 (ah 1072/1661).

Glossaries:

(a) Miftāḥ al-Akhlāq, compiled in 1085/1674–5 by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (ʿAbd al-Raḥīm acc. to Bkp.) b. ʿAbd al-Karīm ʿAbbāsī Burhānpūrī (who in 1098/1687 completed his revised edition of the A. i N. see above), Rieu ii 836b, iii 995a, Bānkīpūr ix 942.

(b) Ḥadīqat al-lug̲h̲ah, by M. Saʿd (i.e probably M. Saʿd “G̲h̲ālib” Qurais̲h̲ī ʿAẓīmābādī, author of commentaries on the S̲h̲āfiyah (completed in 1097/1685 see pl iii no. 246 (2) Persian commentaries (b)) and the Miṣbāḥ (written in 1106/1694 see pl. iii no. 245 Persian commentaries (1)).

(c) Farhang i A. i N., by Taqī [or Naqī] al-Dīn M. b. Nūr al-Dīn M. Mas̲h̲hadī: Eton 105, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm. ix/2 (Feb. 1933) p. 44).

(d) Farhang i A. i N.: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1454 no. 246.

Description etc: Specimen editionis libri Nasireddini Tusensis, qui inscribitur A̲k̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī,²⁰ e codice Dresdano descriptum a Carolo Schier, Dresden 1841 (“1 cahier in-fol.” Zenker i 1353).

(2)

Minhāj al-ṭālibīn (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar K̲h̲udāwandī rā Bi-dān ai yār i ʿazīz kih ba-g̲h̲air az Karīm subḥānahu taʿālā bar kasī iʿtimād ma-kun), 145 injunctions, religious, moral, social and political, ascribed to Nasīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī: Edinburgh 96 (5 foll. ah 1146/1735).

(3)

¶ Risālah dar rasm u āʾīn i pāds̲h̲āhān i qadīm i Īrān-zamīn (beg. Pāds̲h̲āhān i jahān māddah i amn u amān az maulānā-yi … N. al-D…. al-Ṭūsī dar-k̲h̲wāst kard kih ān-c̲h̲ih rasm u rāh): Walī al-Dīn 2542 bis, foll. 168–71 (ah 748/1347–8 See Ritter Istanbuler Mitteilungun 3, p. 5, n 2).

§ 821. Of unknown authorship are:

(1): Ak̲h̲lāq i salṭanat (beg. S̲h̲ukr i niʿmat i bī-nihāyat K̲h̲udāy rā), composed in 709–10/1309–11 and dedicated to Sulṭān M. K̲h̲udā-bandah mulaqqab bah Uljāytū: Majlis 568 (ah 1314/1896–7).
(2): Ak̲h̲lāq al-Sulṭānīyah al-Muḥammadīyah, in twenty bābs, dedicated to Sulṭān M. Jaunah [i.e. M. b. Tug̲h̲luq, who reigned 725–52/1325–51: cf. pl. i no. 666 2nd par.], one of the sources of the Ak̲h̲lāq i Ẓahīrīyah (see pl. iv no. 830 infra): Rieu iii 1095 b (ad p. 865a. Extract only), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1218 no. 166.

§ 822. M. Mujīr Wajīh Adīb, i.e. presumably M. Mujīr [al-Dīn b.] Wajīh [al-Dīn] Adīb, was a disciple of the great C̲h̲is̲h̲tī saint Naṣīr al-Dīn Maḥmūd C̲h̲irāg̲h̲ i Dihlī (d. 757/1356: see pl. i no. 1259 1st par. last footnote).

: Miftāḥ al-jinān (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar K̲h̲āliq i Aḥad u Rāziq i Ṣamad rā), on religious observances and moral duties in twenty-five bābs (for the subjects of which see Rieu i 41a): Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 11, Ethé 2566 (defective. ah 1011/1602), 2565 (n.d.), Rieu i 40b (ah 1084/1673), Tashkent Pub Lib. (n.d., but fairly old. Kahl 57), Āṣafīyah i p. 64 nos. 143 (ah 1109/1697–8), 125, p. 686 no. 495, Ivanow Curzon 489 (breaks off u Bāb ms Early 19th cent.), Eton 35, Madrās i 488 (defective). [Possibly also Lindesiana p. 194 no. 756, on prayer, by M. Majīd vs.].

§ 823. Ḥasan Sabzawārī,²¹ an author of the 8th/14th century, has already been mentioned (pl. i no. 225 (1), where his date is incorrectly stated; see pl. i Add. ad no. 225 (2)) in connexion with his works Bahjat al-mabāhij and Rāḥat al arwāḥ wa-muʾnis al-as̲h̲bāḥ, the latter of which was dedicated to Niẓām al-Dīn Yaḥyā b. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn K̲h̲wājah Karrābī²² [apparently the Sarbadārid, who reigned 753–9/1325–8. See Ency. Isl. under Serbedārs; etc.].

: Maṣābīḥ al-qulūb (beg. S̲h̲. u th. u ḥ. i bī-muntahā K̲h̲udāʾī rā kih munazzah ast az idrāk i afhām), a S̲h̲īʿite paraenetical work in fifty-three ¶ faṣls on ethical, theological, legal and other subjects: Ḥ. K̲h̲ v p. 573, i.ḥ. 2948, Calcutta Madrasah 132 (ah 898/1492–3), Leyden v p. 274 no. 2707 (Utrecht 44, once in Reland’s possession), Browne Suppt. 1194 (ah 1183/1769–70. Corpus 200), Coll. C. 20 (ah 1257/1841), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1610 nos. 60, 163, Berlin 4 (38) (first few pages only), 80 (1) (ends in Faṣl vi).

§ 824. An author of the 8th/14th century²³ composed in India:

: (Mauʿiẓah i Tājī)²⁴ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. diyār i Sulṭānpūr .. u nawāḥī i ḥaḍrat i dār al-mulk i Dihlī), a paraenetic work composed for Tāj al-Ḥaqq wa-’l-Dīn Aḥmad b. Muʿīn Siyāh-pōs̲h̲ ʿAlawī and divided into sections each of which begins with the words Muqarrar i farzandī bād: Berlin 272 (168 foll. Not old).

§ 825. S. ʿAlī b. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Hamadānī died in 786/1385 (see pl. i no. 1262 2nd par. 1st footnote, etc.).

D̲h̲ak̲h̲īrat al-mulūk (beg. Ḥ. i. bisyār u t̲h̲. i bī-s̲h̲umār mar ḥaḍrat i Malikī rā), on political ethics in ten bābs: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 329, Leyden iv p. 220 nos. 1960 (fragments. ah 811/1408–9), 1958 (ah 1024/1615), 1959 (ah 1109/1600–1), Berlin 6 (5) (ah 841/1437), 296 (ah 898/1493), 295 (ah 910/1505), 297, Blochet ii 760 (ah 873/1468), 761 (ah 957/1550), 762 (ah 982/1574), 763–6, Rosen Institut 110 (ah 903/1497–8), Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, mss., no. 22 (ah 928/1522), Bānkīpūr ix 943 (ah 968/1560–1), Flügel iii 1853 (ah 979/1571), Rieu ii 447b (ah 996/1588), 448a (16th cent.), 835b (16th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1220 nos. 174 (ah 997/1589),. 168, 170, Būhār 213 (16th cent.), 214, Bodleian 1452 (damaged. ah 1030/1621), 1451, 1453, iii 2724, Browne Suppt. 640 (ah 1030/1620–1. King’s 189), Coll. N. 6, Ethé 2176 (ah 1037/1627–8), 2176 (very defective. ah 1045/1636), 2178 (defective and damaged. ah 1047/1638), 2177, Madrās ii 566 (ah 1054/1644), i 425–6, Lindesiana p. 121 no. 739 (ah 1181/1767–8), Ivanow Curzon 490 (Bābs i-viii. 18th cent.), Ivanow 1380 (18th cent.), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 11, Dresden 5, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (see ocm. ix/2 p. 44), Leningrad Univ. 1174 (Romaskewicz p. 9), Princeton 67, Upsala 456, Upsala Zetterstéen. 391 (2), 392.

Editions: Lahore 1323/1905*, [1906°].²⁵

¶ Turkish translation prepared in 960/1553 by Muṣṭafā b. Shaʿbān “Surūrī” (cf. pl iii no. 688: Arabic commentaries (2) n.): Ḥ. K̲h̲. iii p. 329, Leyden iv p. 220 no. 1961 (ah 963/1556).

§ 826. Jalāl al-Dīn Zakarīyāʾ b. M. b. ʿUbaid Allāh al-Qāʾinī al-Nasafī al-Buk̲h̲ārī al-Harawī.

(1): Naṣāʾih i S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ī (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. al-mulūk k̲h̲alāʾif al-arḍ), on the ethics of rulership, completed in 813/1411, dedicated to S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ and divided into ten aṣls and four maqṣads: Flügel iii 1858 (lacunae. 342 foll. Transcribed for S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲’s library in 820/1417).
(2): Tibyān al-kabāʾir²⁶ (beg. al-Ḥ. li-walīyi ’l-ḥ. wa-ahlihi … wa-baʿd bi-dān-kih ʿulamāʾ i rāh i āk̲h̲irat), on seventy grave sins, the first s̲h̲irk āwardan ba-K̲h̲udāy, the last nifāq: Berlin 191 (1) (foll. 25–40 ah 1166/1753).

§ 827. [Kamāl al-Dīn] Ḥusain b. Ḥasan [K̲h̲wārazmī] died in 833/1429–30, during the invasion of K̲h̲wārazm by the Uzbaks (Rieu Suppt. p. 107, where the authority for this date is not mentioned) or, according to the Majālis al-ʿus̲h̲s̲h̲āq, in 839/1435–6 (cf. pl. i no. 219 2nd par.).²⁷

(1): Naṣīḥat-nāmah i S̲h̲āhī, on ethics in two maqālahs of eleven and nine bābs respectively, completed from the dying injunctions given in 829/1426 by the Amīr S̲h̲āh-Malik,²⁸ Viceroy of K̲h̲wārazm, to his son and successor Ibrāhīm Sulṭān and to his own wife: Rieu Suppt. 149 (acephalous. 156 foll. ah 947/1540), possibly also Majlis i 591 (see Yanbūʿ al-asrār below).
(2): Yanbūʿ al-asrār fī naṣāʾiḥ al-abrār (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-g̲h̲āyat), dar akhlāq u mawāʿiẓ, in two maqālahs and twenty bābs, perhaps identical with the preceding work: Majlis i 391 (301 foll ah 891/1486).

§ 828. For S̲h̲āh-Ruk̲h̲ (resigned 807–50/1404–47) S̲h̲. ʿAlī b. Majd al-Dīn al-S̲h̲āhrūrdī (al-Shāhrūdī?) al-Bisṭāmi composed:

: Siyar al-mulūk, or Tuḥfat al-salāṭīn, on polity, in twenty chapters: b. m. Or. 11, 153 (1) (15th cent. Cf. bmq. iv/4 (1930) p. 112. Further information from G.M. Meredith-Owners).

¶ § 829. An anonymous author wrote:

: Ḥiṣn al-mulūk (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. u st.), on ethics and politics in three qisms, composed 39 years after the death of Shāh-Ruk̲h̲ [i.e. circ. 889/1484] and dedicated to Sulṭān Ḥusain Mīrzā: Ivanow 1385 (circ 130 foll. 16th cent), and others in Turkistān according to Ivanow.

§ 830. Fatḥ Allāh b. Aḥmad b. Maḥmūd S̲h̲ahristānī Sabzawārī probably wrote in the 9th/15th century.

: Ak̲h̲lāq i Ẓahīrīyah, or, as in the Majlis ms. (only?) Tuḥfat al-aʾimmat al-ʿalīyah fī ’l-ḥikmat al-ʿamalīyah (beg. Sp. u st. K̲h̲udāʾī rā kih ba-qudrat i kāmilah ajnās), a short work on ethics and politics, dedicated to Ẓahīr al-Dīn Amīr Ibrāhīm S̲h̲āh [an as yet unidentified governor], whose rule is said to have given security to Yazd, abridged from the Ak̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī (cf. no. 820 (1) supra) and the Ak̲h̲lāq i Sulṭānī no. 821 (2) supra, and divided into a muqaddamah, three maqālahs and a k̲h̲ātimah: Āṣafīyah iii p. 6 no. 261 (ah 1075/1664–5), Rieu ii 865a (30 foll. ah 1219/1804), Blochet iv 2163 (circ. ad 1850), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iii (St. Petersburg 1859) p. 493), Majlis 571 (30 foll.).

§ 831. Jalāl al-Dīn M. b. Asʿad al-Siddīqī al-Dawānī was born at Dawān, near Kāzarūn, in 830/1426–7, became Qāḍī of Fārs and Professor in the Dār al-Aitām Madrasah at S̲h̲īrāz, and died in 908/1502–3 (see pl. i Add. ad no. 369 [369a], etc.)

(1)

Lawāmiʿ al-is̲h̲rāq fī makārim al-akhlāq, usually called Ak̲h̲lāq i Jalālī, (beg. Iftitāḥ i kalām ba-nām i Wājib al-iʿẓām) a treatise on ethics based on the Ak̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī (see no. 820 (1) supra), written in the reign of Ḥasan Bēg Bahādur K̲h̲ān, of the Āq-quyūnlū, (d 882/ 1478: see Ency. Isl. under uzun Ḥasan) at the request of his oldest son Sulṭān Khalīl and divided into three lāmiʿahs ((1) dar tahd̲h̲īb i ak̲h̲lāq, (2) dar tadbīr i manzil, (3) dar tadbīr i mudun u rusūm i pāds̲h̲āhī): Ḥ. K̲h̲ v p. 340, Ethé 2183 (ah 896/1490, “verified by the autograph of the author himself”), 2184–7, Browne Suppt. 1108 (ah 946/1539–40), Bodleian 1457 (ah 949/1542–3), 1458–9 iii 2725, Blochet ii 740 (ah 997/1588), 741, Majlis 583 (ah 1003/1594–5), Maʿārif i 103 (ah 1009/1601), 102, Ivanow 1382 (ah 1020/1611), 1383–4, Tashkent Univ. 3 (ah 1026/1617), r.a.s. P 192 (ah 1043/1633–4), Mehren p. 6 no. 8 (ah 1046/1637), Leningrad Univ. no. 378 (see Salemann-Rosen p. 18) no. 1169 d (ah 1053/1643 see Romaskewicz p. 3), Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques vii (1876) p. 399), Berlin 273 (ah 1067/1657), Āṣafīyah i p. 18 nos. 122 (old), 143 (ah 1083/1672–3), 123, 139, 142, Lindesiana p. 160 no. 19 (ah 1099/1687–8), Rieu ii 442b (17th ¶ cent) 443a, iii 890a, Calcutta Madrasah 133 (circ. ad 1700), Peshawar 973A (ah 1113/1701–2), 1058, Heidelberg P 235 (circ. ad 1730 see Zeitschrift für Semististik vi p. 222), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss p. 51 no. 14, Aumer 197 (old), 198, Leyden iv p. 221 no. 1964, Madrās ii 567, Mas̲h̲had ii 9, mss, nos. 37, 38, Rehatsek p. 217, no. 5.

Editions: Calcutta 1809 (1810?) (In Selections for the use of students of the Persian class, Vol v), 1225/1810°* (pp. 223), 1828° (Ukhlaqi Julalee by Julaluddeen Bocharee [sic] Pp. 149 In Choice selections from some of the most esteemed Persian writers, Vol. ii); [Delhi] Maṭbaʿat al-ʿulūm 1270/1853–4*; [Lucknow] 1283/1866°* (n.k. with notes); Lucknow 1296/1878 (348 pp. Karatay p. 117); [Lucknow] 1884 (n.k. 350 pp. Karatay p. 117), 1885° (348 pp.), Lucknow 1887 (nk. 350 pp. Karatay p. 117); Madrās 1298/1881° (with commentary, Aʿẓam i sawaṭiʿ al-āfāq, by M. Yūsuf ʿAlī K̲h̲ān); Calcutta 1911°* (ed. under the supervision of Major W. G. Grey .. by M. Kazim Shirazi); Lahore 1923*.

Translation: Practical philosophy of the Muhammadan people … being a translation of the Akhlāk-i-Jalāly .. with references & notes by W.F. Thompson, London 1839°* (Oriental Translation Fund), Lahore 1895°*.

Persian commentary: Aʿẓam sawāṭiʿ al-āfāq fī s̲h̲arḥ Lawāmiʿ al-is̲h̲rāq, by M. Yūsuf ʿAlī [K̲h̲ān], dedicated to Nawwāb M G̲h̲auth K̲h̲ān “Aʿẓam” [of the Carnatic, 1825–55 see pl. i no. 1209]: Madrās ii 568 (579 pp Ornate ms.)

Edition: Madrās 1298/1881° (see above).

(2)

Risālah dar ʿadālat (beg. Sp. i bī-q. Mālik al-Mulkī rā), dedicated to Sulṭān Yaʿqūb Bāyindirī [ah 884–96/1479–90]: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 2, mss., no. 112 (not later than ah 1067/1657).

(3)

Risālah dar taḥqīq i ʿadālat (beg. Bihtarīn badraqaʾī kih), composed at the request of his pupil S. S̲h̲ams al-Dīn M. for ʿĀdil K̲h̲ān, an Indian amīr [probably ʿĀ. K̲h̲. ii, ruler of K̲h̲andīs̲h̲ ah 861–909/1457–1503]: Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl. 2, mss., no. 111 (not later than ah 1067/1657).

§ 832. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn ʿAlī [b. ʿAlī Amīrān Ḥusainī] Iṣfahānī is best known for his Dānis̲h̲-nāmah i jahān, an encyclopaedia of natural science completed in 871/1466–7 (see pl. ii no. 595).

: Tadbīr-nāmah i anfus u āfāq (beg. Subḥāna ’llad̲h̲ī k̲h̲alaqa ’l-insāna .. Muqaddas Īzadī kih adā-yi s̲h̲aṭrī az s̲h̲ukr i ū), composed in 885/1480 during the reign of Sulṭān Mahmūd [presumably the Tīmūrid Abū ’l-Fatḥ Maḥmūd Gurkān] and divided into two tad̲h̲kirahs ((1) 57 injunctions of Plato to Aristotle, (2) some important sayings), three tadbīrs ((1) dar bayān i ʿadālatī kih nisbat bah sukkān u muqīmān i har diyārī buwad, ¶ (2) d. b. i ʿa. k. n. ba-ahl i manzil i har s̲h̲ak̲h̲s bās̲h̲ad, (3) d. b. i ʿa. k n. ba-wujūd i har s̲h̲ak̲h̲ṣ buwad), and a k̲h̲ātimah (d. d̲h̲ikr i fawāʾidī c̲h̲and kih dānistan i ān dar-īn ʿilm i ak̲h̲lāq bisyār nāfiʿ bās̲h̲ad): Madrās i 423 (136 pp. ah 1052/1642).

§ 833. Hibat Allāh [b. ʿAṭāʾ Allāh al-Ḥasanī] al-Ḥusainī known as (mas̲h̲hūr bi-) S̲h̲āh Mīr is the author of a Persian commentary on Qūs̲h̲jī’s Risālah fī ʼl-haiʾah (see pl. ii no. 112 (1) commentaries (a)) and of an (Arabic) abridgement of Ṭībī’s K̲h̲ulāṣah fī maʿrifat uṣūl al-ḥadīt̲h̲ (Muk̲h̲taṣar al-K̲h̲ulāṣah, Brockelmann Supptbd. ii p. 67).

: Ādāb i salṭanat (beg. Laʾāliʾ i bī-q. i ḥ. u sp. Pāds̲h̲āhī rā sazad), composed in 882/1477–8, revised in 898/1492–3 and dedicated to ʿAlāʾ al-Mulk [presumably the ruler of Lār]: Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, mss., no. 15 (ah 898/1492–3).

§ 834. ʿAbd al-G̲h̲affār b. Nūr Allāh al-S̲h̲uraiḥī.

: Hadīyah i s̲h̲āhī dar hidāyah i ṭuruq i ilāhī (beg. Bi-smi ’llāhi ’ftataḥtu … Taḥṣīl i saʿādat i dū-jahānī), dedicated to Abū ’l-Muẓaffar Sulṭān Rustam Bahādur K̲h̲ān [Āq-Qoyūnlū presumably, ah 897–902/1491–6] and divided into twelve bābs, each of which contains praise of a virtue and blame of the corresponding vice ((1) sak̲h̲ā and buk̲h̲l, (2) ḥayā and waqāḥah, etc.): Berlin 281 (226 foll. Modern).

§ 835. Husain b. ʿAlī al-Wāʿiẓ al-Kās̲h̲ifī, who has already been mentioned as the author of the Jawāhir al-tafsīr (pl i Add. ad no. 20 (1)) and other works, died in 910/1504–5.

Ak̲h̲lāq i Muḥsinī (a chronogram = 900/1494–5. Beg. Hadrat i Pāds̲h̲āh i ʿalā ’l-iṭlāq) a work on ethics in 40 bābs²⁹ dedicated to Abū ’l-Muḥsin, son of Abū ’l-G̲h̲āzī Sulṭān Ḥusain: Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 204, Berlin 276 (ah 908/1503), 274 (ah 953/1546), 275, 277–9, Lindesiana p. 153 nos. 335 (circ. ad 1514), 518 (circ. ad 1650), 191, Ivanow 1386 (ah 923/1517), 2nd Suppt. 1075, Blochet ii 742 (ah 945/ 1538–9), 743–9, iv 2164, 2357–60, Browne Suppt. 33 (ah 951/1544–5), 34 (Corpus 12²), 35 (King’s 15), 36 (Queens’ 7), Pers. Cat. 125 (ah 1022/1613–14), 340 i (p. xxxviii), Hand-list 1236, Kapurthala 277 (ah 960/1553, see ocm. iv/1 (Nov. 1927) p. 65), Leningrad Univ. nos. 1180 (ah 962/1554–5 see Romaskewicz p. 3), 959, 1169b, Mus. Asiat. (ah 989/1581 etc. see Mélanges asiatiques v (1868) p. 458, vi (18730 p. 116, vii (1876) p. 399), Pub. Lib. (see Dorn 262, Chanykov 22), Institut (see Rosen 111), Ethé 2188 (ah 990/1582 List of chapters) 2189–2200, Ross ¶ & Browne 131, Aumer 199 (ah 991/1583), Bodleian 1460 (ah 998/1590), 1461–2, Bānkīpūr ix 944 (16th cent), 945–7, Leyden iv p. 220 no. 1962 (ah 1061/1651), v p. 273 no. 2702 (Utrecht 39), r.a.s p. 187 (ah 1069/1658–9), P 186, Hamburg 151 (ah 1091/1680), Rieu ii 812a (ah 1113/1701–2), 443b (18th cent.), Āṣafīyah i p. 18 no. 133 (ah. 1123/1711), Edinburgh 263 (18th cent.), 97 (ah 1216/1801 List of chapters), Maʿārif i 96, Aberystwyth 19 (2) (fragment), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss p. 50 nos, 5, 9, Brelvi-Dhabhar p xliii no. 6, Krafft 481, Lahore (see ocm ix/2 (Feb. 1933) p. 44), Madras 421, Majlis i 569, Mehren p. 6 nos. 9–11, Peshawar 1889(1) (old), Rehatsek p. 232 no. 50, Tashkent Univ. 1. Vollers 910.

Editions: Calcutta 1809 (ch. 1–37 only in Selections for the use of the students of the Persian Class Vol. i); 1828°* (Ukhlaqi Muhsunee by Mullah Hoossein in Classic selections from some of the most esteemed Persian writers, Vol i); Hertford 1823° (Akhlak Muhsiny, the Morals of the Beneficent³⁰ Engraved from the manuscript); London 1829°* (Akhlaki Muhsiny, the Morals Second edition Engraved from the manuscript Revised and corrected by Mirza Ibraheeme), Hertford 1850°* (C̲h̲. i–xx only Ak̲h̲lāk-i Muḥsinī, the Morals … Printed for the use of the East India College), Ṭihrān 1268/1851–2 ([183] pp. Karatay p. 83); [Lucknow] 1279/1862°; 1282/1866°*; 1291/1875*; 1883† (described as 9th ed.); 1884† (14th ed), Bombay 1298/1881° (from the Lucknow ed); 1304/1886–7 (Haidarī Pr. 272 pp. Karatay p. 83), [1924*] (Akhlak-e-Mohsini (chapters 32–40) edited with introduction, notes and translation by M.C. Arsiwala); Karāc̲h̲ī (Ḥaidarābād, Sind, printed) [1924*] (Akhlaq-i-Mohsini (chapters 33 [32] to 40) with introduction by M. R. Shirazi and translation and full notes by M. J. Thakur); Haidarābād [Sind, 1930*] (Akhlaqi Mohsini chapters 1–31 Text, exhaustive notes. Comprehensive introduction, and complete translation. Revised and enlarged by L. D Keswani).

Selections: Gems of Persian prose and poetry containing the roses from the Gulistan, the flowers from the Bustan, choice selections from the Akhlak-i-Muhsini, and the episode of Rustam and Sohrab from the Shāh-Nāmah carefully culled and annotated by Jamshedjee Bejonjee Kanga .. and Pestonjee Kavasjee Kanga, Bombay 1892°, 2nd ed, revised & enlarged, Bombay 1893*; Morceaux tirés de l’Akhlâki Mouhsine d’el Ouâʿidh el Kâchifî suivis de quelques plaisanteries de Nasreddin Khodja. Texte persan publié avec des notes en français par A. Raux, Paris (Angers printed) 1916*.

English translations: Ak̲h̲lāk-i Muḥsinī, or The Morals of the Beneficent, literally translated .. by the Rev. H. G. Keene, Hertford 1850°*; Muhsin’s ¶ Ethics being a complete translation of the Akhlac-i-Muhsini [By Nōs̲h̲īrwān Bējanjī Kōtwāl], Bombay 1892°; Translation and explanation of Akhlak-i-Mohsini, chapters 1–16 (-31) By D[īns̲h̲āh] F[ardunjī] Mulla 2 pts [Bombay 1895°]; A complete and literal translation of Akhlak-i-Mohsani, with glossary … by T. George and Lala Thakar Das, Kapur, Lahore 1896°.

Turkish translations:

(a) Anīs al-ʿārifīn completed in 974/1566–7 by Mullā Pīr M. “ʿAzmī” b. Pīr Ahmad: Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 205^1̲, Flügel iii 1882, Fleischer p. 488, Berlin Turkish Cat. pp. 169–70, Gotha Turkish Cat. 93, Krafft p. 187, Leyden iv p. 221;

(b) beginning Kaut̲h̲ar i ḥamd, Browne Hand-list 25.

Urdu translation: Ganj i K̲h̲ūbī by Mīr Ammān: r. a. s. H 6 (autograph).

§ 836. [Qāḍī] Ik̲h̲tiyār [al-Dīn b. G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn] al-Husainī died at Turbat early in 928/1521–2 (see pl. iv no. 35 supra).

: Ak̲h̲lāq i humāyūn (beg. Ṭug̲h̲rā-yi saʿādat i k̲h̲usrawān), a short treatise on ethics, mainly in tabular form, composed in 912/1506–7, dedicated to Bābur (for whom see pl. i no. 698) and divided into three qānūns ((1) dar tahd̲h̲īb i ak̲h̲lāq, (2) dar tadbīr i amwāl, (3) dar taqwīm i raʿāyā u mamālik-dārī): Bodleian 1463 (ah 1106/1694–5), iii 2726 (18th cent.), Blochet ii 767 (ah 1182/1768), Ivanow 1387 (ah 1187/1773), Curzon 495 (probably ah 1282/1865), 1st Suppt. 922 (fragment only), Princeton 68 (18th cent.), Berlin 298.
Later recension Dastūr al-wizārah (beg. Ṭug̲h̲ra-yi saʿādat etc.), completed on 7 Muḥarram 926/29 December 1519 and dedicated to the Ottoman Sulṭān Salīm i: Blochet ii 768 (early 16th cent.).

§ 837. Faḍl Allāh b. Rūzbihān Iṣfahānī has already been mentioned as the author of the Tārīk̲h̲ i ʿālam-ārāy i Amīnī, completed in 896–7/ 1490–1, (pl. i no. 370, Add. ad loc.) and the Mīhmān-nāmah i Buk̲h̲ārā, completed at Harāt in 915/1509 (pl. i no. 499 2nd par., Add. ad loc.). He was living in Samarqand when ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān, after routing Bābur at Buk̲h̲ārā in 918/1512 and reestablishing Ūzbak rule throughout Transoxiana, sent for him and asked him to write a work on the Islamic law relating to government.

: Sulūk al-mulūk (beg. Fatḥ al-bāb i har kitāb ba-ḥamd i ān Malik i Wahhāb), on government in accordance with Islamic law, both Ḥanafī and S̲h̲āfiʿī, composed (in 920/1514³¹ according to the Āṣafīyah catalogue) at the ¶ request of Abū ’l-G̲h̲āzī ʿUbaid Allāh K̲h̲ān Ūzbak and divided into a muqaddimah and fifteen bābs: Rieu ii 448 a (lacks end of Bāb xiv and beginning of Bāb xv. ah 1089/1678), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1222 no. 175 (ah 1298/1881).

§ 838. Abū ’l-Faḍl al-muns̲h̲iʾ al-S̲h̲īrāzī seems to be the same person as Ḥasan b. Rūzbihān S̲h̲īrāzī (see no. 839 infra), since the list of his works quoted by Blochet from the preface to the Dastu̲r al-salṭanah includes one entitled Ak̲h̲lāq i S̲h̲amsīyah. That list, however, raises at least one problem since it includes also a Ḥirz al-amān min fitan āk̲h̲ir al-zamān [the title of a work usually ascribed to ʿAlī Kās̲h̲ifī. See pl. ii no. 834]. Other titles in that list are Ḍiyāʾ al-qulūb fī kas̲h̲f al-g̲h̲uyūb, G̲h̲arʾib al-ins̲h̲āʾ, Badāʾiʿ al-siḥr fī ṣanāʾiʿ al-s̲h̲iʿr, Nahj al-muttaqīn fī ak̲h̲lāq Saiyid al-Mursalīn, Mirʾāt al-rijāl dar ʿilm i firāsat [presumably the Firāsat-nāmah mentioned by Ḥ. K̲h̲.], as well as commentaries on the Sūrat al-Fātiḥah, the Sūrat al-Ik̲h̲lāṣ and the Āyat al-Kursī.

: Dastūr al-salṭanah (beg. Baʿd az tayammun u iʿtiṣām Ḥ. u sp. i Malik i ʿallām Mālik al-Mulkī kih zabān i bayān), on the ethics of rulership, dedicated to the Sulṭān Sulaimān K̲h̲ān [ah 926–74/ 1520–66] and divided into five maqṣads: Blochet ii 769 (61 foll. Ornate ms. 16th cent.).

§ 839. Ḥasan b. Ruzbihān [S̲h̲īrāzī] seems to be the same person as Abū ’l-Faḍl S̲h̲īrāzī (see no. 838 supra).

: Ak̲h̲lāq i S̲h̲amsīyah (beg. Ahmaduka³² yā D̲h̲ā ’l-jūdi wa-’l-fadli wa-’l-iḥsān), dedicated to the Wazīr S̲h̲ams al-Daulah Muḥammad, issued after long delays on the appearance of the Ak̲h̲lāq i Muhsinī [a work of 900/1494–5] and divided into fourteen bābs and a K̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 375, Rieu ii 816b (72 foll ah 1033/1624), Ḥamīdīyah p. 114 no. 237.
Cf. zdmg. xiii p. 540 (A Sprenger).

§ 840. ʿAlī, called (madʿū bi-) Fahmī, ṭabīb.

: Mujmal al-ak̲h̲lāq (beg. Ḥ. u sp. i bī-q. Ḥakīmī rā sazā-st), composed in 940/1533–4 and divided into a muqaddamah, four aṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Majlis i 584 (66 foll. ah 940/1533–4).

§ 841. Muḥyī ’l-Dīn M. b. ʿAbd al-Awwal Tabrīzī known as Ṣāc̲h̲lū Amīr, whose father was Qāḍī of the Ḥanafīs at Tabrīz, migrated to Turkey and held various academic and judicial appointments before becoming Qāḍī at Aleppo, then at Damascus and finally at Istānbūl, where he died in 963/1556.

[al-Shaqāʾiq al-Nuʿmānīya, Cairo 1310, ii p. 13, Rescher’s trans. p. 305.]

: ¶ Ak̲h̲lāq i Āṣafī, dedicated to Ibrāhīm Pās̲h̲ā, Sulṭān Sulaimān’s celebrated grand vizier (appointed 929/1523, executed 942/1536: see Ency. Isl. under Ibrāhīm Pas̲h̲a), and divided into a muqaddamah and three maqālahs: Leyden iv p. 221 no. 1965 (20 foll. ah 957/1550, transcribed from an autograph).

§ 842. S̲h̲aik̲h̲ ʿĀlim.

: Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ (beg. Subḥānaka yā D̲h̲ā ’l-jūdi wa-’l-karam), rules of conduct for wazīrs in four bābs, begun in 940/1534 and dedicated to Ibrāhīm Pās̲h̲ā (cf. no. 841 supra): Bodleian 1464 (foll. 54b–68a. ah 1022/1613).

§ 843. Mīr G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Manṣūr b. Mīr Ṣadr al-Dīn M. S̲h̲īrāzī died in 948/1541–2 or 949/1542–3 (see pl. ii no. 122, etc.).

: Akhlāq i Manṣūrī³³ (beg. Ḥamd i bī-ḥadd zi azal tā ba-abad*), a treatise on ethics in two majallahs subdivided into tajliyahs, being the first treatise of the third part (wajh)³⁴ of the author’s philosophical encyclopaedia Jām i jahān-numā:³⁵ D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 378, Rieu Suppt. 150 (ah 956/1549), Rieu ii 826 a (extracts only), Flügel iii 1860 (ah 961/1553–4. analysis), Bānkīpūr ix 949 (ah 1010/1601–2), Leningrad Univ 1169e (ah 1053/1643 see Romaskewicz p. 3), Cambridge 2nd Suppt. 182 (1) = (A.H. 1067/1656–7), Ellis Coll. M 125 (1), Mas̲h̲had ii 9, mss., no. 19 (?) (Title: Jām i jahān-numā Beg. as above. Def. at end), possibly also Āṣafīyah i p. 808 no. 33 (Jām i Jahān-numā by Manṣūr, but placed in the section Riyāḍī).
Arabic version (?): Ak̲h̲lāq i Manṣūrī (beg. Allāhuma kat̲h̲t̲h̲ir la-nā ’l-k̲h̲air fa-āti-nā ’l-ḥikmah, end wa yadūm al-surūr): Mas̲h̲had ii 9, mss., no. 14 (ah 949/1542–3).

§ 844. Muẓaffar “S̲h̲ifāʾī” b. M. Ḥusainī Kās̲h̲āni died in 963/1556 according to his contemporary and fellow-townsman Taqī Kās̲h̲ī (Sprenger p. 22). In the Tuḥfah i Sāmī (p. 39), where his tak̲h̲alluṣ is not mentioned, he is called Mīr Muẓaffar i Ṭabīb and is described as a man of Kās̲h̲ān (az s̲h̲ahr i Kās̲h̲ān-ast) and as the author of treatises on medicine, [for which see pl. ii no. 415], of a work on ḥikmat entitled Ak̲h̲lāq i S̲h̲āhī [so] and of a dīwān of g̲h̲azals.

: Ak̲h̲lāq i S̲h̲ifāʾī (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. S̲h̲āhī kih bar basīṭ i zamīn ʿadl i s̲h̲āmilas̲h̲ *), dedicated to S̲h̲āh Ṭahmāsp (ah 930–84/1524–76) and ¶ divided into two maqālahs ((1) virtues, in twenty-one bābs, (2) vices, in seventeen bābs): Rieu Suppt. 151 (ah 1287/1870).

§ 845. Zain al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-ʿĀmilī, known as al-S̲h̲ahīd al-T̲h̲ānī, was put to death at Istanbul in 966 (see pl. iv no. 43 supra).

: Musakkin al-fuʾād ʿinda faqd al-aḥibbah wa-’l-aulād, in Arabic see i.h. 2935, Brockelmann ii p. 325, Sptbd. ii p. 449.
Persian translation: Tarjamah i Musakkinat [so in the cat.] al-fuʾād, by [M.] Ismāʿīl K̲h̲ān Majd al-udabāʾ [b. M. Bāqir] Khurāsānī, who translated also Ḥillī’s Kas̲h̲f al-yaqīn: Mas̲h̲had 1321/1903–4 (Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, ptd. bks., no. 9).

§ 846. Fāḍil M. b. Pīr Darwīs̲h̲.

: G̲h̲arāʾib al-masāʾil (beg Aḥmadu ’llāha qabla kulli maqāli *), dissertations on ethical and religious matters completed at Ak̲h̲sīkat in 979/1571–2 and divided into forty sections: Browne Pers. Cat. 23 (407 foll).

§ 847. M. b. Pīr ʿAlī Birgawī died in 981/1573 (see Brockelmann ii p. 440, Sptbd. ii p. 654, Ency. Isl. under Birgewī).

al-Ṭarīqat al-Muḥammadīyah, on ethics, in Arabic. See Brockelmann ii p. 441 (15), Sptbd ii p. 655 (15).

Persian commentary: S̲h̲arḥ i Ṭ i M. Peshawar 994.

Persian interlinear translation: Delhi 1305–6/1888–9° (Ṭ. i M. 2 vols.), Lahore 1311/1894° (Ṭ. i M. mutarjam Fārsī. The same translation. 2 vols.).

§ 848. Ḥasan ʿAlī b. As̲h̲raf al-Muns̲h̲ī al-K̲h̲āqānī.

: Ak̲h̲lāq i Ḥakīmī (beg. Jawāhir i zawāhir i maqāl kih zīnat i qalāʾid), on ethics and politics, composed in 987–8/1579–80 at Kābul, dedicated to S̲h̲āh M. Ḥakīm, Akbar’s half brother and Governor of Kābul, and divided into fourteen maqālahs: Ethé 2203 (144 foll. autograph?).

§ 849. ʿAbd al-Latīf al-muns̲h̲iʾ nazīl al-Ḥaramain.

: Nafāʾis al-kalām wa-ʿarāʾis al-aqlām (beg. Ḥamd^an li-l-ʿAlīyi ’l-ʿĀdil), on the duties of royalty, etc., with many illustrative anecdotes in Arabic and Persian, dedicated to Mīrān ʿĀdil-S̲h̲āh b. Mubārak-S̲h̲āh b. ʿĀdil-Shāh al-Fārūqī al-Qurashī al-ʿAdawī [i.e Mīrān Rājah ʿAlī K̲h̲ān Fārūqī, of K̲h̲āndēs̲h̲, ah 984–1005/1576–96] and composed in 984/1576–7 according to a poem near the end but containing several mentions of the year 989/1581: Bānkīpūr ix 948 (383 foll. ah 991/1583).

¶ § 850. Jeronimo Xavier died in June 1617 (see pl. i no. 205).

: Ādāb al-salṭanah (beg. S̲h̲. i guzīn u sp. i riḍā-āfrīn Jahandārī rā k̲h̲wus̲h̲-numā-st), composed in 1609, dedicated to Jahāngīr and divided into four faṣls ((1) dar bayān i ʿizzat kih bāds̲h̲āh ba-K̲h̲udāwand k̲h̲wāhad dād, (2) dar bayān i iṣlāḥ i bāds̲h̲āh ba-nafs i nafīs i k̲h̲wud, (3) dar bayān i taʿlīm i ʿuhdah-dārān, (4) dar maḥabbat i raʿāyā …): Rome Bibl. Casanatense (257 foll. ah 1018/1610. Cataloghi v p. 438 no. 5), London King’s College (See H. Hosten’s article “The Marsden mss. and Indian mission bibliography” in bsos. iii (1923) p. 138 no. 14).

§ 851. Sulṭān-Ḥusain wāʿiẓ Astarābādī was a contemporary of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās i (985–1038/1587–1629).

: Dastūr al-wuzarāʾ (beg. Ḥ. u sp. Mālik i mulk u malik rā): Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, mss., no. 50 (42 foll. Presented by Nādir S̲h̲āh).

§ 852. In the reign of S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās (ah 985–1038/1587–1629) was composed:

: Ḍiyāʾ al-qulūb fī ak̲h̲lāq al-maṭlūb (beg. Iftitāḥ i suk̲h̲an ān bih kih kunad ahl i kamāl *), on ethics, in a ʿunwān (dar bayān i faḍīlat i ʿilm u hunar …), two ṣaḥīfahs ((1) dar ṣifāt i ḥamīdah …, in 23 bābs, (2) dar ṣifāt i d̲h̲amīmah …, in 17 bābs) and a k̲h̲ātimah (dar nawādir i ḥikāyāt …): Berlin 280 (269 foll. Modern).

§ 853. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Ṭāhir b. Bud’han b. Niẓām … al-Ṣiddīqī.

: (Risālah dar ak̲h̲lāq) (beg. of Maqālah iii. Faṣl i awwal dar d̲h̲ikr i ḥājat ba-tamaddun), a work on ethics, completed on 1 S̲h̲awwāl 1018/28 Dec. 1609, the fifth year of Jahāngīr’s reign, and divided apparently into three maqālahs (the third, on siyāsat i madanīyah, in seven faṣls) and a k̲h̲ātimah containing little but the date of completion: Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1076 (second half of the work, opening somewhere in Maqālah ii. 46 foll. ah 1020/1611). It seems highly probable that the author mentioned above is ʿAbd al-Wahhāb “Ilhāmī”³⁶ and that his work is identical with the Ak̲h̲lāq i Jahāngīrī: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 50 no. 10.

§ 854. Bāqir K̲h̲ān Najm i T̲h̲ānī died early in 1047/1637 (see pl. iii no. 460).

: Mauʿiẓah i Jahāngirī (beg. Sp. u st. mar Ḥakīmī rā kih ba-ḥikmat i bālig̲h̲ah u ṣanʿat i kāmilah az ʿain i ḥikmat), on the duties of princes and subjects, composed in 1021/1612–13 and divided into a muqaddamah (the ¶ dedication to Jahāngīr) and two bābs ((1) dar naṣīḥat i pāds̲h̲āhān, (2) dar naṣīḥat i zīrdastān): Ethé 2205 (ah 1028/1619), 1535 (1) (ah 1063/1653).
Apparently identical or very similar in contents is the anonymous Pand-nāmah i Jahāngīrī (Ivanow 1388. Transcribed from a defective original. ah 1191/1777), composed in, or shortly after, 1021/1612, divided into an ʿunwān and seven nauʿs and beginning al-Ḥ. l…. a. b. az ḥ. u sp. u st. i ḥaḍrat i Bār taʿālā.

§ 855. Nūr al-Dīn M. Qāḍī K̲h̲āqānī b. S̲h̲. Muʿīn al-Dīn.

: Ak̲h̲lāq i Jahāngīrī (a chronogram = 1031/1622, but at the end D̲h̲ū ’l-Qaʿdah 1029/October 1620 is given as the date of completion. Beg. al-Ḥ. l…. a. b. kih c̲h̲ūn ḥikmat i kāmilah i Daiyān i Ḥakīm), large ethical work dedicated to Jahāngīr and divided into twenty-two maqālahs: Ethé 2207 (ah 1047/1638).

§ 856. ʿAbd al-Haqq b. Saif al-Dīn al-Turk al-Dihlawī al-Buk̲h̲ārī died in 1052/1642 (see pl. i no. 243, etc.)

(1): Ādāb al-ṣāliḥīn (beg. Jamīʿ i maḥāmid az azal tā abad az har ḥāmidī), on the proprieties of eating, marriage, friendship, seclusion, travel, etc., for the most part translated from Bk. ii of al-G̲h̲azzālī’s Ihyāʾ ʿulūm al-dīn: Princeton 136 (ah 1227/1812), Lahore Panjāb Univ. (ah 1276/1859–60. See ocm. ix/2 (Feb. 1933) p. 44), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1602 no. 200.
(2): Ādāb i libās [cf. pl. i no. 243 4th par. and Add. ad loc.; possibly the same work as the Kas̲h̲f al-iltibās (no. (3) below), though Edwards does not suggest that they are identical]. [Lucknow] 1320/1902° (appended, on pp. 44–55, to M. ʿAbd al-Razzāq Qādirī’s Risālah i saʿd u naḥs and Risālah i fawāʾid).
(3): Kas̲h̲f al-iltibās fī ’stiḥbāb al-libās, on the Prophet’s dress as a model for Muslims [possibly the same work as the Ādāb i libās i Rasūl (see (2) above)]: Lahore [1892°] (8 pp.).
(4): al-Nūrīyah al-Sulṭānīyah, on the ethics of kingship, composed in the reign of Jahāngīr [whose laqab Nūr al-Dīn is alluded to in the title]: Peshawar 1462 (2).
(5): Tasliyat al-muṣāb li-nail al-ajr wa-’l-t̲h̲awāb (beg. Minnat mar K̲h̲udāy-rā ʿazza wa-ʿalā bar niʿmathā-yi Wai), on patience in adversity: Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2236 (foll. 77–109. ah 1015/1606, corrected by author), Āṣafīyah i p. 410 no. 954 (author not stated. Classified as Taṣawwuf).

§ 857. Adham “ʿUzlatī” wāʿiẓ Qurais̲h̲ K̲h̲alk̲h̲ālī began in 1037/1627–8 at Tabrīz his translation of Ḥillī’s al-Bāb al-ḥādī-ʿas̲h̲ar (pl. iv no. 360 (3) supra). For his ¶ translation of Bahāʾ al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s Iʿtiqādīyah see pl. iv no. 386 (1) supra, and for his Mas̲h̲riq al-tauḥīd pl. iv no. 388 supra.

(1): Hidāyat-nāmah (beg. Ba-nām i ān kih jān i jān i jān ast), a verse from each sūrah of the Qurʾān with translation, explanation and moral reflexions, in 114 faṣls: Bodleian iii 2688 (1) (ah 1055/1645).
(2): K̲h̲azāʾin al-naṣāʾiḥ (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. K̲h̲udā-yi ʿālam rā * Ān-kih jān dād u hūs̲h̲ Ādam-rā), moral advice interspersed with verses: Bodleian iii 2688 (2) (probably ah 1055/1645).
(3): Miʿyār al-ʿumr wa-’l-ʿamal, (subject?): Leningrad Univ. no. 1062 b (Romaskewicz p. 14).

§ 858. Wajīh al-Dīn b. ʿĪsā [Gōpāmauʾī] Suhrawardī died in 1084/1673–4 (see pl. iv no. 403 supra).

: Nafāʾis i Wajīhī (beg. awwal^an pīs̲h̲ az s̲h̲urūʿ furūg̲h̲ i kilk i jawāhir-silk), on various ethical and theological matters, composed apparently in, or soon after, 1037/1638, based on the maxims of early saints, etc., dedicated to S̲h̲āh-Jahān (ah 1037–69/1628–59) and divided into numerous short passages called nafīsah: Ivanow 1389 (18th cent.), Āṣafīyah iii p. 754 no. 70 (2) (ah 1244/1828–9).

§ 859. Mīrzā Jalāl [al-Dīn], or Jalālā, Ṭabāṭabāʾī Zawārī Iṣfahānī went to India in 1044/1634–5 (see pl. i no. 723).

: Dastūr-nāmah i Kisrawī (a chronogram = 1062/1652, the date of inception), or, as it is commonly called, Tauqīʿāt i Kisrā (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. rabaṭa), a collection of answers alleged to have been given by K̲h̲usrau Anūs̲h̲irwān to his ministers and officials on matters of administration or other subjects translated ostensibly from an Arabic version of the Pahlawī original and dedicated to S̲h̲āh-zadah Murād-bak̲hs̲h̲ [S̲h̲āh-Jahān’s youngest son]: D̲h̲arīʿah iv p. 501, ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 43 no. 4 (ah 1142/1729–30), Blochet iv 2180 (ah 1218/1804), Browne Suppt 488 (ah 1239/1823–4. Trinity R. 13. 68. Palmer p. 154), 336 (ah 1256/1840–1. Corpus 65 (4)), 335 (Corpus 18 (1)), 337 (Corpus 184), Berlin 14 (81), Bodleian 1470.
Editions: [Lucknow] 1261/1845* (Tauqīʿāt i Kisrā. 104 pp. K̲h̲udāʾī Pr.), [Lucknow] 1287/1870* (102 pp. N K.), Cawnpore 1886° (Tauqīʿāt i Kisrawīyah 102 pp. n.k.), Lucknow 1892°* (The Wisdom of Naushirwan “the Just”, King of Iran, commonly called Tauqiyat i Kisrawiya [Published in the Persian character as well as] transliterated in the Roman character and translated into English with notes and a preface, by William Young, late Puisne Judge of Her Majesty’s High Court of Judicature Allahabad. With the collaboration of M. Ghazanfar ʿAli from the Persian translation of ¶ Muhammad Jalal-ud-din Taba Tabayi Zauwari of the original version. Pp. xxvii, 185. N K.).

§ 860. According to the catalogue of the Biblicotheca Lindesiana the Haft kis̲h̲war was composed in 1065/1655. No such date is mentioned by Ethé or Rieu. The name of the author appears to be unknown.

: Haft kis̲h̲war (beg. Ḥ. u sp. u st. i bī-q. Hakīmī ʿAlīmī ra), on ethics and politics illustrated by anecdotes of the early kings of Persia and other persons in a muqaddamah, seven kis̲h̲wars and six masāfats, the last inserted between the kis̲h̲wars: Ethé 2215 (194 foll. ah 1141/1729), Lindesiana p. 146 no. 105 (ah 1145/1732–3), Rieu iii 1039a (extracts only. Circ. ad 1850).

§ 861. Luṭf Allāh “Muhandis” b. Aḥmad Miʿmar Lāhaurī (see pl. ii no. 31, etc.).

: Siḥr i ḥalāl (beg. Dar awwal i kalām ḥamd i Kirdgār āwardam), reflexions on moral subjects in prose and verse free from dotted letters, composed in 1070/1659 and dedicated to Aurangzēb: Bombay Univ. p. 47 no. 27 (17 foll. author’s name given in the catalogue as Nūr Allāh, but see Islamic culture xi/2 (April 1937) p. 207 n. 3), Ḥaidarābād M. G̲h̲aut̲h̲’s private library (see Islamic culture xi/2 p. 207 where M. Abdullah Chaghtar briefly describes the work).

§ 862. Mīrzā M. Rafīʿ “Wāʿiẓ” Qazwīnī has already been mentioned for his Ins̲h̲āʾ i Rafīʿ (pl. iii no. 489).

: Abwāb al-jinān (beg. Bihtarīn maqālī kih sar-k̲h̲ail i kārawān. Bāb ii begins Zulāl i maqālī kih az sar-c̲h̲as̲h̲mah-sār), a bombastically written ethical work, in the preface of which Shāh ʿAbbās ii (ah 1052–77/1642–66) is praised as the reigning sovereign, intended to consist of eight bābs (corresponding in number to the gates of Paradise), but probably never completed, since only the muqaddimah and the first two³⁷ bābs seem to be extant, Bāb i (dar d̲h̲ikr i dunyā-yi fānī u s̲h̲arḥ i mafāsid i īn rak̲h̲nah-gar i Musalmānī), called by Iʿjāz Ḥusain the Bāb al-waʿẓ, comprising three faṣls (the third subdivided into fourteen majālis), or, in some mss. and editions, sixteen majālis (i.e. the first two faṣls and the fourteen majālis of the third), while the rare Bāb ii, called by Iʿjāz Ḥusain the Bāb al-ṣalāt (more than half of the chapter being ¶ devoted to that subject), is divided into five maṭlabs, of which the fifth is subdivided into fourteen majālis: i.ḥ. 2, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1602 nos. 168 (Bāb ii. ah 1016/1607–8 (!)), 192 (Bāb ii. ah 1264/1848), r.a.s. P. 332 (Bābs? ah 1079/1668–9), Cambridge 2nd Suppt. 34 (Bāb i. ah 1089/1678), Browne Suppt. 10 (Bāb i. King’s 40), Pers. Cat. 24 (Bāb i. N.d. List of chapters), Majlis 566 (Bāb i apparently. ah 1089/1678), 567 (Bāb i? ah 1086/1675), Blochet ii 752 (Bāb i [only?] ah 1093/1682), 751 (Bāb i. 17th cent. List of chapters), Ivanow Curzon 500 (Bāb i. ah 1094/1683), Ivanow 1774 (Bāb i. Mid-12th cent.), 1395 (Bāb i. ah 1190/1776), 1396 (1st four majālis only), 1st Suppt. 877 (Bāb i. Mid-18th cent.), Flügel iii 1861 (Bāb i with two considerable lacunae. ah 1098/1687), Rieu Suppt. 152 (Bāb i. ah 1106/1694), Rieu ii 826a (Bāb i, Majālis 4–11. Circ. ah 1152/1739), Upsala Zetterstéen 391 (1) (defective at end. ah 1114/1703), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 51 nos. 18 (Bāb i. ah 1145/1732–3), 19 (Bāb i), Bodleian 1474 (Bāb i, defective. ah 1167/1754), 1472 (Bābs i–ii, defective at the end ah 1238/1823), 1473 (Bāb i, defective.), iii 2727 (Bābs i–ii, defective), i.o. 4577 (Bāb i. 18th cent. See jras. 1939 p. 368), Ethé 2213 (Bāb i. N.d.), Berlin 282, 283 (Bāb i. ah 1230/1815), 282 (Bāb i. ah 1240/1825), d.m.g. 47 (Bāb i. ah 1233/1818), Bānkīpūr ix 956 (Bāb i. ah 1234/1819), 954 (Bāb i. 19th cent.), 955 (Bāb i. 19th cent.), Būhār 211 (Bāb i. ah 1247/1831, Aumer 192, Lahore Panjāb Univ. (3 copies. See ocm. ix/2 (Feb. 1933) p. 45), Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (see Mélanges asiatiques iv (1863) p. 498), Univ. no. 1032 (Romaskewicz p. 3), Maʿārif i 95, Philadelphia Lewis Coll. p. 45 no. 39 (Bāb i), Princeton 454.
Editions: [Tabrīz, 1820?] (Bāb i. 199 foll.), Ṭihrān 1274/1858° (Bāb i. 283 pp.), 1281/1864–5 (Mas̲h̲had ii, fṣl. 9, Ptd. bks. no. 1); [Ṭihrān?] 13 [00?/1883?°] (Bāb i. 287 pp.), Lucknow 1868 (see Rieu Suppt. p. 109b), Lucknow M. ʿAlī 1883† (Bāb ii. 328 pp.); [Lucknow] n.k. 1302/1885°* (Bāb i. 400 pp.).

§ 863. An anonymous author [possibly M. b. K̲h̲ātūn al-ʿĀmilī³⁸], who in 1054/1644 was resident at Muḥammadābād [i.e. Bīdar, now in the State of Haidarābād] and who has already been mentioned (pl. i no. 1487 Abridgment) as having prepared in that year for presentation to ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh an ¶ abridgement of Maqṣūd ʿAlī Tabrīzī’s Persian translation of S̲h̲ahrazūrī’s Taʾrīk̲h̲ al-ḥukamāʾ (see pl. i no. 1487 Abridgment), wrote also the two ethical works described below.

(1): Ak̲h̲lāq i pāds̲h̲āhī (a chronogram = 1055/1645. Beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. ka-mā Huwa ahluhu .. wa-b. numūdah mī-s̲h̲awad kih marrat^an uk̲h̲rā), on the ethics of rulership in a muqaddamah five faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: i. o. 4625 (2) (ah 1054/1644.³⁹ See Arberry’s description in jras. 1939 p. 389), Browne Suppt. 30 (not later than ad 1788. King’s 7), Calcutta Madrasah 180 (3) (defective at end. Late 17th cent.), Ivanow 1391 (ah 1192/1778), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2299 (18th cent.), Bodleian 1469, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1218 no. 173 (ah 1255/1839).
(2): Majmūʿah i Quṭb-S̲h̲āhī (?)⁴⁰ (beg. Ibtidā-yi kalām ba-nām i K̲h̲udāwandī sazāst kih ibtidā-yi har c̲h̲īz), an ethical work appended as an afterthought to the author’s Intik̲h̲āb i Tārīk̲h̲ al-ḥukamāʾ (for which see pl. i no. 1487 Abridgment) for presentation to his royal patron through Mīr M. Saʿīd Jumlat al-Mulk and divided into a muqaddamah (dar taʿrīf i ʿilm), several (apparently six) bābs ((1) dar duʿā u d̲h̲ikr u ḥammām u miswāk .., (2) dar dūstī u dus̲h̲manī, (3) dar muʿās̲h̲arat bā mardum, (4) dar ʿafw u ʿuqūbat u taubah, (5) dar ṣabr u s̲h̲ikībāʾī, (6) dar ʿadl u iḥsān u inṣāf u ẓulm …) and a k̲h̲ātimah (dar bayān i maʿnī i lafẓī c̲h̲and kih ḥadrat i Rasūl ʿāṣiyān i ummat rā ba-ān hidāyat numūdah): i. o. 4625 (1) (?) (Acephalous. Foll 1–195. Ḥaidarābād, ah 1054/1644. See Arberry’s description in jras. 1939 p. 389), Būhār 210 (178 foll. ah 1061/1651), Calcutta Madrasah 180 (2) (foll. 56b–232a. Late 17th cent.), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2298 (foll. 38b–150b. 18th cent).

§ 864. ʿAlī b. Ṭaifūr al-Bisṭāmī is the author of (1) Tarjamah i Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq completed in 1065/1655 (see pl. i no. 218 Persian translations (4)) and (2) ¶ Tuḥfah i Malakī, a translation of Ibn Bābawaih’s ʿUyūn ak̲h̲bār al-Riḍā prepared in the reign of ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (ah 1035–83/1626–72) (see pl. i no. 262 Persian translations (1)).

: (3) Tuḥfah i Quṭb-S̲h̲āhī (beg. Dībāc̲h̲ah i dīwān c̲h̲u nigārad suk̲h̲an-ārā *), advice for princes dedicated to Sulṭān ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (ah 1035 83/1626–72) and divided into an introduction, eight chapters and a conclusion: Bodleian 1471 (n.d.).

§ 865. Abū ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī.

: Ṣirāṭ al-mustaqīm, composed in 1067/1656–7: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1608 no. 194.

§ 866. The author’s name does not occur in the text of the Mīrza-nāmah, but in some of the mss. (e.g. Ivanow 926(5) and Berlin 57(4) there is an introducing heading in which Mīrzā M. K̲h̲alīl, Sawāniḥ-nigār of the province of Bengal is named as the author. It is interesting to note that in the b.m. ms. add. 16,819 the Mīrzā-nāmah, which seems there to be without the above-mentioned introctory heading or any other indication of the authorship, is immediately followed by a number of letters and ornate prose compositions by Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn M. K̲h̲alīl “Ṣāḥib”, who was apparently in the service of Zēb al-Nisāʾ Bēgam, Aurangzēb’s eldest daughter. That this M. K̲h̲alīl was the same person remains to be proved, but it seems not likely. In the Berlin ms. the original heading has been emended by a later hand and the authorship ascribed to Mīrzā Muʿizz Mūsawī K̲h̲ān “Fiṭrat” or M. K̲h̲alīl. It will be noticed, however, that at the end of Ivanow 926(5) the date of completion is given as 13 Jumādā ii 1070/1660, a date which, if correct, would be a strong argument against the ascription to Mūsawī K̲h̲ān “Fiṭrat”, since the Mīrzā-nāmah was apparently composed in India and Mūsawī K̲h̲ān “Fiṭrat” did not leave Persia for India until 1082/1671–2 (see Maʾāt̲h̲ir al-umaraʾ iii p. 633⁹). The date 1070/1660 would prove conclusively that Mīrzā Kāmrān was not the author, since he died in 964/1557 (see Bānkīpūr cat. ii p. 221).

: Mīrzā-nāmah (beg. Qalamī sar kunam ba-nām i K̲h̲udā * Mīrzā-nāmah rā kunam ins̲h̲ā), rules of good manners, in prose and verse, completed apparently in India, on 13 Jumādā ii 1070/25 February 1660 (according to a statement at the end of Ivanow 926(5)): Rieu ii 826b (foll.89–95. Circ. ah 1152/1739), Berlin 57(4) (ah 1159/1746), Ivanow 926 (5) (foll. 130b–134. Late 18th Cent.).
Edition with English translation: “The Mīrzā Nāmah (The Book of the Perfect Gentleman) of Mīrzā Kāmrān with an English translation. By … M. Hidayat Ḥusain” (in jasb. n.s. ix (Calcutta 1913°*) pp. 1–13).

¶ § 867. Ḥasan b. ʿAbd al-Razzāq Lāhijī died in 1121/1709–10. For his S̲h̲amʿ i yaqīn see pl. iv no. 416 supra.

: Jamāl al-ṣāliḥīn (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲.i bī-ʿadd mar Karīmī rā sazad kih dar gulistan i ʿālam i imkān, or, as in Berlin 286 and Būhār 136, al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. ḥaqqa ḥamdihi wa-ṣallā ’llāhu …), on the religious, moral and social duties of a devout S̲h̲īʿite, composed perhaps in 1073/1662–3⁴¹ and divided into a muqaddamah, twelve bābs and a k̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲arīʿah Vp. 129 no. 536, Sipahsālār i pp. 20–21 nos.38 (235 foll. ah 1085/1674–5), 37 (ah 1108/1696–7), 35 (ah 1245/1829–30), 36, Būhār 136 (18th cent.), Majlis ii 827 (18th cent.), Berlin 286, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1604 no. 62 (ah 1264/1848), Ivanow 2nd Suppt. 1056 (mid 19th cent.).

§ 868. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī ʿUkkās̲h̲ī.

: Faḍāʾil al-nuqabāʾ, composed in 1074/1663–4:⁴² Āṣafīyah i p. 24 no. 127 (ah 1271/1854–5).

§ 869. M. Bāqir b. M. Muʾmin K̲h̲urāsānī Sabzawārī died in 1090/1679 (see pl. ii no. 139, iv no. 74 supra).

: Rauḍat al-anwār [i ʿAbbāsī according to the Mélanges asiatiques], on the ethics of rulership (cf. Rauḍāt al-jannāt p. 117⁵): Leningrad Mus. Asiat. (ah 1129/1716. See Mélanges asiatiques iii (1859) p. 494), Mas̲h̲had ii fṣl.9, mss. no. 23 (Faṣl vi dar ādāb u tadbīr i munnajjimān u muhandisān).
Edition: [Persia] 1285/1868–9 (349 pp. Āṣafīyah iii p. 684, Karatay p. 122).

§ 870. M. Muḥsin “Faiḍ” b. Murtaḍā Kās̲h̲ānī died after 1090/1679 (see pl. iv no. 66, etc.).

: Ḍiyāʾ al-qalb, an Arabic ethical work composed in 1057/1647. i.ḥ. 2087, Brockelmann Sptbd ii p. 584 (6).
¶ Persian abridgement: Āʾīnah i S̲h̲āhī (beg. Sp. i S̲h̲āyistah), composed in 1066/1655–6 for S̲h̲āh ʿAbbās ii and divided into twelve bābs: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 53, Browne Suppt. 148 (King’s 37).

§ 871. Ḥāfiẓ M. Saʿīd b. Karam Allāh b. Sulṭān-Muḥammad (Salmān Maḥmūd according to Ethé) b. ʿAin al-Dīn K’hōtk’hark’hakī [?] t̲h̲umma ’l-Kōlawī.⁴³

: (Muntak̲h̲ab i Saʿīdī) or (Risālah i M. Saʿīd), (beg. Ḥamdī kih ḥaḍrat i Āfridger rā sazad), on ethics, composed in 1102/1691 at Islāmābād (Mat’hurā⁴⁴) dedicated to ʿĀlamgīr and divided into a muqaddamah, five bābs and a Khātimah: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 50 no. 12 (acephalous. ah 1125/1713), Madrās i 435 (ah 1145/1732–3), Ethé 2211(ah 1158/1745), Browne coll x. 7(2)
Editions: M. i Saʿīd, place? 1258/1842 (Āṣafīyah i p. 26, nos. 90, 156), [Lucknow 1849?*] (Muḥammadī Pr. Nusk̲h̲ah i M. i S. 130 pp.).

§ 872. According to the Rauḍat al-jannāt, p. 197, l. 7 from foot, the Kitāb al-hazl al-fārisī al-maʿrūf bi-Kult̲h̲ūm Nanah al-maktūb ʿalā ḥad̲h̲w k̲h̲ilāfīyat al-fuqahāʾ is sometimes ascribed to Ḥusain b. Jamāl al-Dīn M. K̲h̲ānsārī, who died towards the end of 1099/1688,⁴⁵ or to his son Jamāl al-Dīn M. b. Ḥusain K̲hwānsārī who died in Ramaḍān 1121/Nov–Dec 709 or in 1125/1714 (cf. pl. i no. 33, iv nos. 27b (2)(c), 314 supra; Nujūm al-samāʾ p. 191; “Ḥazīn’s” Tad̲h̲kirat al-aḥwāl p. 53 penult, Belfour’s trans p. 59).

ʿAqāʾid al-niswān or kitāb i Kult̲h̲ūm Nanah (or Nah Nah or Kult̲h̲ūm Nanah, (beg. (in Bodl. 1890 and Rosen Institut 115) Bar ḍamīr i munīr i ik̲h̲wān i mihrbān … pūs̲h̲īdah na-mānad kih īn risālah īst mus̲h̲ʿir bar bayān i aḥwāl u afʿāl u aqwāl i zanān … u musammā bi-ʿAqāʾid al-niswān ast), a humorous account of the customs and duties of Persian women in accordance with the alleged teaching of the great jurists Bī Bī S̲h̲āh, Kult̲h̲ūm Nah Nah, K̲h̲ālah Jān Āg̲h̲ā, Bājī Yāsaman and Dadah Bazm-ārā, in fifteen bābs ((1) dar bayān i wuḍūʾ u gh̲usl u tayammum wa-g̲h̲airah, (2) dar bayān i namāz, etc.): Bodleian 1890 (foll 35–57. Chapter headings given), Rehatsek p. 229 no. 42 (ah 1255/1839), Leningrad Institut (ah 1290/1873), Univ. no. 190 (Ṣalemann-Rosen p. 17), Majlis 251 (fragment).

Edition: 1262/1846 (title Kitāb i Kulthūm Nah Nah min taʾlīfat i Āqā Jamāl i K̲h̲wānsārī. See Rosen Institut p. 295, n. 1).

¶ English translation (of a work which according to the Bodleian catalogue is similar to (but not identical with) Bodleian 1890): Customs and manners of the women of Persia (Kitábi Kulsúm Naneh), translated … by J. Atkinson, London 1832°* (93 pp. Oriental Tanslation Fund).

French translation: Kitabi Kulsum Naneh: ou, le Livre des dames de la Perse … traduit et annoté par J. Thonnelier. Nouvelle edition, Paris (Le Puy printed) 1881°* (150 pp.).

Evidently a similar work is: Qānūn al-nisāʾ (beg. a. b. īn risālah īst dar bāb i adab u aṭwār i zanān kih iʿtiqād i kullī): Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 240 (Āg̲h̲ā Karbalāʾī, Cawnpore N.d.).

§ 873. In the reign of S̲h̲āh Sulaimān (1077–1105/1666–1694) was composed:

: Rafīq i wafīq⁴⁶ (beg. Rafīq i wafīq i sālikān i masālik i rusūm u ādāb u anīs i s̲h̲afīq i sākinān maḥāfil i ʿuqūl u albāb), divided into an ittiṣāl, two ḥarfs and a tatimmah: Majlis i 575(105 foll. ah 1113/1701–2).

§ 874. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī ṭābib.

: Faḍāʾil al-nuqabā (a chronogram= 1105/1694,⁴⁷ beg. Tak̲h̲alluq bi-kh̲ulqī kih az ḥaḍīd i nukbat), a short tract dedicated to Aurangzēb on the principal dogmas and elementary ethics of Islām: Ivanow 1086 (12 foll. 18th cent.).

§ 875. Dastūr i jahān-gus̲h̲āʾī, dedicated to Aurangzēb (1069–1119/1659–1707) and divided into twelve iqlīds: Eton 52 (ah 1107/1695–6).

§ 876. M. Bāqir b. M. Taqī al-Majlisī died in 1110/1698–9 or 1111/1700 (see pl. i no. 247, etc).

(1): ʿAin al-ḥayāt: see pl. iv no. 312(1) Supra.
(2): Mis̲h̲kāt al-anwār (beg. Ḥamdī ba-sān i niʿmathā-yi), on the excellences of the Qurʾān, etc. in three tanwīrs, abridged from the ʿAin al-ḥayāt: i.ḥ. 2942, Mas̲h̲had i, fṣl I, mss, no. 265 (not later than 1166/1753), Ivanow Curzon 391(3) (Tanwīr i only. Probably circ. 1180/1766–7), Leningrad Univ. 114/n (Romaskewicz p. 14).
(3): Ḥilyat al-muttaqīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. ḥallā anbiyāʾahu ’l-mursalīn bi-aḥsani ḥilyati ’l-muttaqīn), on S̲h̲ī̲ʿite etiquette or rules of conduct completed in ¶ Rajab 1079⁴⁸/1668–9 and divided into fourteen bābs ((1) dress, (2) ornaments, dyes, etc., (3) eating & drinking, (4) married life, (5) use of the toothpick, cutting the nails, hair, etc., (6) scents, (7)bathing, (8) sleeping, (9) blood letting treating certain diseases, (10) social intercourse, (11) assemblies & greetings, (12) entering and leaving the house, (13) riding, walking, shopping, etc. (14) travelling) and a khātimah (on miscellaneous matters): i.ḥ. 1038, D̲h̲arīʿah vii p. 83 no. 438, Mas̲h̲had v p. 78 no. 510 (ah 1080/1669), Rieu i 20a (late 17th cent.), 20b (17th cent.), Suppt. 153 (circ. ah 1152/1739), Blochet ii 750 (late 17th cent.), Bānkīpūr xiv 1314 (18th cent.), Ivanow Curzon 389 (late 18th cent.), Āṣafīyah ii p. 1606 nos. 282 (ah 1231/1816), 162, Berlin 284 (ah 1234/1818–19), 285 (very defective), Ethe 2669 (lacks Bābs v–ix and parts of iv and x Modern), Lincei 19, Sipahsālār i pp. 251–2 no. 326.
Editions: Ṭihrān 1248/1832–3 (Followed by the Risālah i Ḥasanīyah. Dorn Asiat. Mus. p. 88 n. 4, Mas̲h̲had v p. 263 no. 507, ras. cat), 1325/1907 (apparently two lithographs, one in the hand of M. Ḥasan Gulpāyagānī and a second in which the Ḥ. al-m. is accompanied in the margin by the Majmaʿ al-maʿārif⁴⁹ and followed by the Ḥasanīyah Mas̲h̲had v p. 263 nos.508, 509); Lucknow 1261/1845 (on margin of Zād al-maʿād, see Āṣafīyah iii p. 24 nos. 246–7); 1301/1884° (375 pp. described as 2nd ed.), place? 1322/1904–5 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1186), place? date? (Mas̲h̲had v p. 263 no. 510).

§ 877. Hidāyat Allāh Bihārī.

: Hidāyat al-fawāʾid (beg. Ḥ. i.bī-ḥ mar K̲h̲udāy ʿazza wa-jalla rā kih ba-insān s̲h̲araf), on political wisdom, composed in 1126/1714, in Farruk̲h̲-siyar’s reign, and divided into five chapters: Rāmpūr (Nad̲h̲īr Aḥmad 243).

§ 878. Mīr Aḥmad ʿAlī K̲h̲ān Ajmērī.

: Ak̲h̲lāq i Muḥammad-S̲h̲āhī (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā … Baʿd maʿrūḍ dārad aḍʿaf), on moral government and ethics, composed in 1133/1720–1 (?) at the request of Muḥammad S̲h̲āh (ah 1131–61/1719–48) and divided into a muqaddamah, five faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bodleian 1475 (18th cent.).

§ 879. Ṣadr al-Dīn M. “Fāʾiz” b. Zabardast K̲h̲ān flourished about 1135/1723 (see pl. i no. 1466).

: ¶ Anīs al-wuzarāʾ (beg. a. b. c̲h̲unīn gūyad aḥqar i ʿibād Ṣ. al-D. M. b. Z. K̲h̲), based chiefly on the Ak̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī and divided into twenty-two taʿlīms: Ivanow Curzon 501 (50 foll. Early 19th cent.), ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 50 no. 7.

§ 880. Walī Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm Dihlawī died in 1176/1762–3 (see pl. i no. 1352, etc.).

(1): Risālah i dānis̲h̲mandī, advice to teachers. Editions on margin of Waṣīyat-nāmah (see below).
(2): Waṣīyat-nāmah, advice on religious matters.
Editions: Chinsurah (Aḥmadī Pr.) [1830*] (al-Maqālat al-mauḍīyah⁵⁰ fī ’l-naṣīḥah wa-’l-waṣīyah 12 pp.); Lucknow (n.k.) 1290/1873°* (W.-n u Risālah i dānis̲h̲mandī (the latter on the margin). 8 pp.); Cawnpore (n.k.) 1877* (W.-n u R. i d. 8 pp.), 1881 (n.k. cf. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 350).

§ 881. M. ʿAlī “Ḥazīn” Jīlānī died in 1180/1766 (see pl. i no. 1150, etc.).

(1): Dastūr al-ʿuqalāʾ (beg. Yā Wāhib al-taufīq … baʿd dar ḥīnī kih nafs), on administrative ethics composed at Delhi in 1153/1740: i.o. d.p. 1207 (b) (5th year of Aḥmad S̲h̲āh [i.e. 1165–6/1752–3]), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2036 (33 foll. 18th cent), Ivanow Curzon 502 (1) (early 19th cent).
(2): Waṣīyat i Ḥazīn u short note of ethical content: Ivanow 1749 fol 113.

§ 882. M. ʿAlī “Rifʿat” b. ʿAtīq Allāh K̲h̲ān Ḥusain [ī] Wāsiṭī.

: Mī bāyad s̲h̲anīd (beg. al-Ḥ.l…. a. b. dānah-c̲h̲īn i k̲h̲irman i darwīs̲h̲ān), precepts for the author’s son each beginning with the words of the title, completed in 1159/1746 (see the Errata on the last page of the catalogue): Ivanow 1st Suppt 873 (15) (foll. 73–88 Mid 19th cent.).
Editions: 1261/1845 (Āṣafīyah i p. 26 no. 170); 1882 (ibid., no. 162); Cawnpore 1874* (15 pp.); Fatḥpūr 1265/1849* (appended to the Marj al-bahrain of ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Dihlawī).

§ 883. ʿAbd al-Hādī b. ʿAbd al-Karīm Qādirī Tatī [?] C̲h̲innāpatanī⁵¹ Karnātakī.

(1): Hidāyat i rabbānī dar bunyād i salṭanat i jāwidānī, “Sufico-political admonitions and warnings to the population of different South-Indian provinces concerning the danger of foreign conquest”: Ivanow 1397(3) (Daftar ii only. Foll. 4–64. Late 18th cent.).
(2): ¶ Nasīhat al-wuzarāʾ, a very short note on the duties of wazīrs, dated 1167/1754: Ivanow 1397 (4) (fol. 65 Late 18th cent).
(3): Naṣīḥat-nāmah, admonitions addressed in 1167/1754 to the landlords of the Dak’han and the Carnatic concerning various matters of administration: Ivanow 1397 (1) (foll. 1–3 Late 18th cent.).
(4): Yaqaẓat al-mulūk, a very short admonition, apparently only the beginning of a larger treatise, concerning political dangers and calamities foreseen for the Carnatic: Ivanow 1397(2) (fol. 3. Late 18th cent.).

§ 884. Zain al-Dīn [ʿAlī] “Rasāʾī” translated the Vivādārṇava-sētu, a code of Hindu law drawn up in 1187–8/1773–5 for Warren Hastings (see pl. iv no. 803 supra).

: (Naṣīḥat-nāmah) (beg. Zihī ḥikmat i Jahān-āfrīn), an untitled work containing advice to kings and chiefs, dedicated to Mahā-rājah Bahādur Rāj Balla [sic?]: Calcutta Madrasah 179 (1) (19 foll. Circ. ad 1800).

§ 885. G̲h̲ulām-Ḥusain Muḥammadpūrī.⁵²

: Dastūr-nāmah, on ethics and politics, the system of administration, forms of official correspondence etc., with many interesting allusions to contemporary political life in India, composed in 1202/1788: Ivanow 1398 (circ. 90 foll. ah 1203/1788–9).

§ 886. Qāḍī M. T̲h̲anā Allāh Pānīpatī died in 1225/1810 (see pl. iv no. 113 supra, etc.).

: Ḥuqūq al-Islām kih ba-Ḥaqīqat al-Islām s̲h̲uhrat dārad (Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 38), a manual of ethics:⁵³ Lucknow 1260/1844° (44 pp.); place? 1266/1850 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 444); Lahore [1873*] (Muhammadī Pr. 32 pp. on the margin (pp. 25–31) Istiftāʾ i ak̲h̲dh̲ i ujrat bar qirāʾat i Qurʾān), 1885† (Muḥammadī Pr. 32 pp.).

§ 887. Aḥmad b. M. Mahdī b. Abī D̲h̲arr Nirāqī died in 1244/1828–9 or 1245/1829 (see pl. ii no. 611, iv no. 135 supra).

: Miʿrāj al-saʿādah, a handbook of ethics, described in the D̲h̲arīʿah (v p. 58) as a translation, with slight alterations of his father’s Arabic Jāmiʿ al-saʿādāt, but in the Rauḍāt al-jannāt (p. 27⁵) as a commentary on that work: [Ṭihrān] 1274/1858° (beg Miʿrāj i saʿādat 364 pp.); Ṭihrān 1320/1903 (364 pp. Karatay p. 11), Bombay 1325/1908°* (Muẓaffarī Pr. 552 pp).

¶ § 888. S. Aḥmad b. M. ʿIrfān Barēlawī (or more properly Rāy-Barēlawi) was killed in battle against the Sik’hs at Bālākōt on 24 D̲h̲ū ’l-Qaʿdah 1246/6 May 1831 (see pl. i no. 1387 2nd par. 2nd footnote).

: Tanbih al-g̲h̲āfilīn, “a moralizing tract” (Arberry): Delhi 1285/1868* (Mujtabāʾī Pr. followed (p. 19) by the ʿAmal bi-’l-ḥadīt̲h̲ of Maulawī Wilāyat ʿAlī. 32 pp).

§ 889. S. Nūr al-Aṣfiyāʾ died in 1255/1840 (see pl. ii no. 45)

: Nūr al-asrār: see pl. iv no. 684 (1) supra.

§ 890. Qādir-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ b Aḥmad-bak̲h̲s̲h̲ Nūrpūrī was a descendant of S̲h̲āh Nūr, a Ṣūfī s̲haik̲h̲.

: Kat̲h̲īr al-manfaʿah (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ barā-yi K̲h̲āliq jalla jalāluhu bāyad), on the ethics of rulership, with many illustrative instances from the history of the Indian Tīmūrids, composed for G̲h̲āzī al-Dīn Ḥaidar⁵⁴ (whose name, however, is crossed out in the ms. and that of M. Akbar substituted for it), completed on 1 Jumādā ’l-ūlā 1232/19 March 1817 and divided Into twenty-five qānūns: Ivanow Curzon 506 (defective at the end and damaged 54 foll.).

§ 891. M. ʿAṭāʾ Allāh.

: Dānis̲h̲-nāmah (beg. Ḥāmid^an li-llāhi R. al-ʿā ’l-Mustaʿān), on ethics and politics, composed in 1244/1828–9 in the time of Nawwāb ʿAẓīm-Jāh [Regent of the Carnatic 825–42: cf. pl. i no. 1209 1st par.]: Madrās i 424 (70 pp), ii 569 (transcribed from the preceding ms.).

§ 892. Not earlier than 1828 was composed:

: C̲h̲ahārdah dastūr (beg. Bi-taqdīr i K̲h̲allāq i Lauḥ u Qalam), counsels, arranged in dastūrs and composed apparently in Calcutta under European influence, concerning numerous human activities, hygiene, housekeeping, horticulture, medicine, letter writing, etc., etc.: Ivanow 2nd Suppt 1077 (Dastūrs i–xiii. 38 foll. Mid-19th cent.).

§ 893. Muḥsin known as (madʿū bi-) Āqā Bābā-yi Hamadānī has already been mentioned for his Tuḥfat al-k̲h̲awānīn, completed in 1248/1833, (pl. ii no. 524).

: Ḥayāt al-salāṭīn (beg al-Ḥ. l ’l. k̲h̲. al-k̲h̲alāʾiq), on the qualities desirable in rulers, dedicated to Ardas̲h̲īr Mīrzā Qājār and divided into fourteen bābs: Princeton 69 (Bābs i–vii only. 112 foll. ah 1250/1834).

¶ § 894. S. Jaʿfar “Kas̲h̲fī” b. Abī Isḥāq Mūsawī Dārābī Burūjirdī died in 1267/1851 (see pl. iv nos. 156, 479 supra).

: Tuḥfat al-mulūk (beg. al-Ḥ. l. K̲h̲āliq al-ʿaql wa-’l-jahl), on the intelligence (al-ʿaql), completed in 1233/1818 and dedicated to Fatḥ-ʿAlī S̲h̲ah at the request of whose son, M. Taqī Mīrzā, surnamed (mulaqqab bi-) S̲h̲ahans̲h̲āh, it was composed: D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 471 no. 1731, Bodleian iii 2728 (said to have been collated with an autograph).
Edition: Tabrīz 1273/1857° (132 foll.).

§ 895. Wazīr ʿAlī “ʿIbratī” ʿAẓīmābādī (see pl. i no. 1210).

: Misbāh al-ak̲h̲lāq (beg. K̲h̲wus̲h̲tarīn ḥadīthī), seventy-six short bombastic ruqʿahs on moral and religions duties, collected in 1250/1834: Ivanow Curzon 507 (28 foll. Late 19th cent.)

§ 896. S̲h̲. M. ʿAlī b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar b. Maḥmūd al-Kāẓimī al-Najafī.

: Lisān al-wāʿiẓīn, composed in 1263/1847: Lucknow 1270/1853–4 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 684 no. 418).

§ 897. S̲h̲āh Turāb ʿAlī b. M. Kāẓim Qalandar ʿAlawī Qādirī [Kākōrawī] died in 1275/1858 (see pl. i nos. 1378, 1399).

: Maṭālib i ras̲h̲īdī, on ethics and Ṣūfism: [Lucknow] 1280/1863° (377 pp.); Lucknow 1292/1875°* (236 pp. n.k. cf. Āṣafīyah iii p. 444, where the work is classified as Fiqh i Ḥanafī); 1896†.

§ 898. Nawwāb Wazīr al-Daulah Amīr al-Mulk M. Wazīr K̲h̲ān Bahādur Nuṣrat-Jang succeeded his father, M. Amīr K̲h̲ān (see pl. i no. 898), as Nawwāb of Ṭōnk in 1834 and died in 1864.

: Waṣāyā ’l-wazīr ʿalā ṭarīqat al-bas̲h̲īr wa-’l-nad̲h̲īr. Edition: 1285/1868–9 (Vols. i–ii. Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 221, where the place of publication is not mentioned).

§ 899. ʿAbbās-qulī K̲h̲ān Saif al-Mulk Nūrī b. M. Zakī K̲h̲ān was alive in 1281/1864–5.

: Tuḥfah i Masʿūdīyah (beg. a. b. c̲h̲unīn gūyad …ʿAbbās-qulī), a pand-nāmah composed for the author’s son: Majlis i 572 (87 foll.).

§ 900. Nawwāb Sikandar Bēgam was born in 1816 and died in 1868.

[C.E. Buckland, Dictionary of Indian Biography (London 1906) p. 40 under Bhopal.]

: ¶ Āʾīn i Sikandarī, rules for the conduct of governors: Bhōpāl (Ḥamīdī Pr.), n.d.* (with prefatory note by Sulṭān-Jahān Bēgam and an Urdu translation. 105 pp.).

§ 901. Āk̲h̲und Mullā M. Ḥusain “Giryān” S̲h̲ahrābī Arjistānī (cf. pl. i no. 1667 (40)).

: Anwār al-majālis, composed in 1280/1863–4. Edition: [Persia] 1302/1884–5 (Āṣafīyah iii p. 684 no. 436).

§ 902. M. Ḥamīd Allāh “Ḥamīd” Islāmābādī is probably the same person as the author of the Akbar-nāmah composed in 1260/1844 (pl. i no. 566, Add. ad loc.).

: Gulzār i iʿtibār, on virtues and vices in bombastic prose and verse composed in 1281/1864–5: Ivanow Curzon 509 (46 foll. ah 1285/1868).

§ 903. M. Ẓahīr al-Dīn b. M. Masʿūd Bilgrāmī composed his Targ̲h̲īb al-furqān in 1284/1867–8 (see pl. i no. 97).

(1): Asrār i maḥabbat, on human and divine love: [Lucknow] n.k. 1291/1874°* (48 pp. 2nd ed.).
(2): Ẓahīr al-dārain, or, chronogrammatically, Ẓahīr al-Islām (= 1278/1861–2), on Ṣūfī ethics: Lucknow (n.k.) 1291/1874°* (Ẓ. al-d. aur nām i tārīkhī uskā Ẓ al-I. 178 pp. With Urdu preface).

§ 904. M. Hās̲h̲im b. Naṣr Allāh Nūrī, Kalāntar of Nūr, died in 1285/1868–9.

: Sabīl al-najāt (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. manna ʿalainā bi-M.), in two bābs ((1) counsels of the Prophet, (2) counsels of ʿAlī) and a k̲h̲ātimah (on the merits of the Companions, etc.): Mas̲h̲had v p. 98 no. 552 (510 foll. ah 1285/1868).

§ 905. M. Ibrāhīm K̲h̲alwatī.

: Ādāb i Nāṣirī, maxims and precepts dedicated to Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh: D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 31 no. 156, [Ṭihrān? 1886?°] (118 pp.); Ṭihrān 1322/1905 (340 pp. Karatay p. 125).

§ 906. Abā ’l-Ḥasan b. M. Kāẓim was alive when his Yanābīʿ al-ḥikmah was printed.

: Yanābīʿ al-ḥikmah, traditions relating to mawāʿiẓ and ak̲h̲lāq in seventeen faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Tihrān 1304/1887° (Mas̲h̲had v p. 349).

§ 907. Nawwāb M. Ṣiddīq Ḥasan K̲h̲ān died in 1307/1890 (see pl. i no. 48 and Add. ad loc., no. 1226, etc.).

(1): ¶ al-Maqālat al-faṣīḥah fī ’l-waṣīyah wa-’l-naṣīḥah: Akbarābād [i.e. Āgrah] 1298/1881° (178 pp. Karatay p. 131).
(2): al-Rauḍ al-k̲h̲aṣīb min tazkiyat al-qalb al-munīb, composed in 1298/1881. Edition: Āgrah 1298/1881† (see Āṣafīyah ii p. 1608 no. 276, iii p. 6 no. 289, Maʾāthir i Ṣiddīqī (cf pl. i no. 48 end of entry) iv, appended list of works, p. 9).

§ 908. Nawwāb Ṣiddīq Yār Jang wrote in Persian (1) Safar-nāmah i Dihlī, on the visit of the Niẓām of Ḥaidarābād to Delhi in 1293/1876 (Edition: Iʿjāz i Muḥammadī Press [Ḥaidarābād?] 1310/1892–3 (Ḥaidarābād Coll. p. 56)), (2) Safar-nāmah i Landan, on the visit of Sir Sālār Jang i (cf. pl. i no. 1627) to London in 1293/1876 (Edition: India, n.d. (Ḥaidarābād Coll. p. 56)), and

(3) Maṭālib i gharībah. Edition: 1300/1883 (Āṣafīyah i p. 26 no. 155, where the place of publication, probably Ḥaidarābād, is not mentioned).

§ 909. Ilāhī Bak̲hs̲h̲ Siyālkōtī was editor of G̲h̲iyāth al-Dīn Rāmpūrī’s Bahār i bārān, a commentary on the Gulistān of Saʿdī, published at Siyālkōt in 1891–2.

: Āʾīnah i adab u ak̲h̲lāq yā Naṣāʾiḥ i ḥukamā-yi salaf, maxims of philosophers and others: Siyālkōt 1891* (112 pp.); 1896° (152 pp.).

§ 910. Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar Sabzawārī died in Tihrān on 4 Jumādā i 1312/3 November 1894 (see pl. iv no. 524 supra).

: ʿAdad i alsinah (ʿUdad al-sanah? or?), majālis … dar manāqib u mawāʿiẓ u naṣāʾiḥ u fawāʾiḍ i mutanawwiʿah: Tihrān 1341/1922–3 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 290).

§ 911. M. Bāqir b. M. Jaʿfar Fis̲h̲ārkī Iṣfahānī died on 28 Rajab 1314/2 January 1897 (see pl.iv no. 528 supra)

: Ādāb al-s̲h̲arīʿat al-muṭahharah, in fourteen bābs. Editions: 1295/1878 (D̲h̲arīʿah i p. 21); 1335/1916–17 (ibid.). Mas̲h̲had 1331/1913 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 214 no. 178).

§ 912. Ḥusain b. M. Taqī Nūrī Ṭabarsī died in 1320/190 (see pl. i no. 311 (7), ii no. 323 last par., footnote).

: Kalimah i ṭaiyibah, Ethical and hortatory, completed in 1302/1885: Bombay 1303/1886 (Mas̲h̲had i, fsl. 4, no. 118, v p. 307 no. 894).

§ 913. Sulṭān-Muḥammad b. Ḥaidar Muḥammad Gunābādī, surnamed Sulṭān-ʿAlī S̲h̲āh, a Niʿmat-allāhī s̲h̲aik̲h̲,died on 26 RabīʿI 1327/17 april 1909 (see pl. iv nos. 550, 688 supra).

: ¶ Saʿādat-nāmah (beg. Ḥ. u sp. i bīrūn az ḥadd u q. Bī-c̲h̲and-u-c̲h̲ūnī rā sazā-st), a Ṣūfī ethical work on knowledge (ʿilm) and its concomitants, in a muqaddamah, twelve faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: Mas̲h̲had iv p. 162 no. 754 (77 foll. ah 1295/1878).
Edition: Tihrān 1308/1890–1.

§ 914. ʿIzzat Allāh Sarābī.

: Makhzan al-Muẓaffarīyah (beg. al-Ḥ.l.’l k̲h̲. al-ẓulumāt), dar naṣāʾih u ak̲h̲lāq, composed in 1307/1889–90: Majlis i 585 (88 foll. ah 1307/1889–90).

§ 915. Mahdī K̲h̲ān Muhandis b.Riḍā-qulī Khān Sarābī held a diploma in political science and international law from the École Centrale in Paris.

[Dānis̲h̲mandān i ād̲h̲arbāyjān p. 364.]

: Maʾāt̲h̲ir i Mahdīyah, on diplomacy, relations with foreign powers, the administration of civilized countries, etc., composed for Nāṣir al-Dīn S̲h̲āh: Maʿārif ii 309 (113 foll. ah 1310/1893), Majlis i 780 (312 foll. ah 1310/1893).

§ 916. Ḥakīm S. Muḥammad S̲h̲āh b. Aḥmad S̲h̲āh is described as maujūd (i.e.still living) in the Āṣafīyah catalogue, Vol. i, which was published in 1332/1914.

: Ak̲h̲lāq i Ḍiyāʾī, composed in 1310/1892–3. Edition: see Āṣafīyah i. p. 18 nos. 24, 37 (where the place of publication (not improbably Ḥaidarābad) and the date are not mentioned).⁵⁵

§ 917. Mīrzā Muḥammad b. M. Rafīʿ, entitled Malik al-kuttāb, Shīrāzī was born at S̲h̲īrāz in 1269/1852–3 (see pl. i no. 662, etc).

(1): Mis̲h̲kāt al-ḥayāt. Edition: 1318/1900–1 (see Āṣafīyah i p. 26 no. 91 (where the place of publication, doubtless Bombay, is not mentioned).
(2): Miftāh al-rizq, or ʿIlāj i muflisī, on the mutual relations of employers and employed: Bombay 1315/1898° (208 pp.).
(3): Tarbiyat-nāmah. Edition: Tarbiyat-nāmah u andarz-nāmah: 1310/1892–3 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1604 no. 341, where the place of publication, doubtless Bombay, is not mentioned).

§ 918. M. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Manager of the Government Press at Ḥaidarābad, is described as maujūd (i.e. still living) in the Āṣafīyah catalogue, vol. i, which was published in 1332/1914. For some Urdu works of his see Ḥaidarābād coll. p. 40.

(1): ¶ ʿAzīz al-ak̲h̲lāq fī naṣāʾiḥ al-āfāq. Edition: 1319/1901–2 (Āṣafīyah i p. 24 no. 43, Ḥaidarābād Coll. p. 40).
(2): Naṣāʾih i ʿAzīzīyah. Edition: 1317/1899–1900 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 138).

§ 919. M. ʿAbd al-Qādir Ṣiddīqī, Mīr Munshī of the Ṣadr ʿAdālat (Chief Court of Justice) at Gulbargah, is described as maujūd (i.e.) still living) in the Āṣafīyah catalogue, Vol. i, which was published in 1332/1914.

: Risālah i Has̲h̲t ṣifāt i bī-badal, composed in 1324/1906: Āṣafīyah i p. 22 no. 99 (ah 1327/1909).

§ 920. Aḥmad “Dārā” b. Ḥusain Kāzarūnī was born in 1297/1880.

: Daryā-yi dānis̲h̲, moral reflections and anecdotes in prose and verse: D̲h̲arīʿah viii p. 147, Bombay 1324/1906° (Muẓaffarī Pr. Kūh i bīnish u Daryā-yi dānish, the former containing notes on verses of Ḥāfiẓ. 48 pp.).

§ 921. Maḥmūd Ṭarzī was still alive in 1927 (see pl. i no. 1629).

: Rauḍah i ḥikam, moral, literary and political essays: Kābul 1331/1913* (ʿInāyat Pr. 158 pp.).

§ 922. S. Ḥasan b. M. Ḥusainī Yazdī Ḥaʾirī Āl i Ṭā-Hā, known as (maʿrūf bi-) As̲h̲raf al-wāʿiẓīn, a traditionist and preacher of Mas̲h̲had, where he was born circ. 1317/1899–1900.

: Durar al-sanīyah fī ’l-mawāʿiẓ al-ʿadadīyah completed in 1349/1930 on ethical and hortatory traditions containing numbers: Tihrān 1349/1930–1 (ʿIlmī Pr. Mas̲h̲had v p. 268).

§ 923. Appendix

(1): Ādāb al-aṣḥāb: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 50 no. 2 (ah 1090/1679).
(2): Ādāb al-salṭanah (beg. a. b. bi-dān asʿadaka ’llāh kih īn risālatī-st dar ādāb i salṭanat u wizārat), an anonymous work in two bābs dealing respectively with the duties of a sulṭān and of a wazīr: Blochet ii 770 (28 foll. Late 17th cent. Ornate ms.).
(3): Ādāb al-ṣibyān (beg. Zamān-rā nuṭq az nām i Tu paidā*), by Muns̲h̲ī Jawāhir Mal: Cairo p. 528.
(4): Ādāb i sufrah (beg. Ḥ. u t̲h̲. Padshāhī-rā kih k̲h̲alq rā az katm [sic lege pro km] i ʿadam ba-maidān i wujūd āward), eighty-one directions relating to the etiquette of eating, by an anonymous Ṣūfī. Edition: Ṭihrān ah 1367/ahs 1326/ ad 1947–8 (in the Tad̲h̲kirah i S̲h̲aik̲h̲ M. b. Ṣiddīq al-Kujujī (correct title: Tuḥfah i ahl al-bidāyāt …) of Ḥasan b. Ḥamzah Palāsī S̲h̲īrāzī, pp. 79–83).
(5): ¶ Ādāb i uk̲h̲uwwah (beg. Bi-dān ba-durustī ādāb i birādarī): Leningrad Pub. Lib. (Chanykov 156(b)).
(6): Aḥsan al-qaṣaṣ (beg. Ḥ. i mutawāfir mar ḥaḍrat i ʿAllām al-g̲h̲uyūb wa-Ghaffār al-d̲h̲unūb), on Ṣūfī ethics in twelve bābs, by Aḥmad b Aḥmad b. ʿAbbās b. Aḥmad b.S̲h̲ihāb Ḥusainī Naqawī Buk̲h̲ārī, surnamed Mīrān Bhā’ī,⁵⁶ a resident of Fatḥābād near Dēōgīr: Ivanow 1401(2) (foll. 55b–157b. Early 19th cent.).
(7): Āʾīnah i ḥaqāʾiq-numā (beg. S̲h̲. u. sp. i bī-q. mar K̲h̲udāwandī-rā kih), dar asrār i ʿilm i s̲h̲arāʾiʿ u ʿilm i ak̲h̲lāq u uṣūl i dīn, compiled by M. b. Murtaḍā[?]⁵⁷from the Kitāb i tafakkur or Miṣbāḥ al-as̲h̲bāḥ and the Mijlāt al-arwāḥ: Majlis i 565 (fol. 1 damaged. 206 foll. ah 1223/1808).
(8): Ak̲h̲lāq, a primer of ethics, by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Saljūqī: Lahore (Mufīd i ʿāmm Pr.) [1926*] (ed. Faiḍ M. K̲h̲ān. 126 pp.).
(9): Risālah i Ak̲h̲lāq al-Nabī: Āṣafīyah i p. 22 no. 145.
(10): Ak̲h̲lāq i Aḥmadī, on the character of Muḥammad, by M. ʿAbd al-Munʿim “D̲h̲auqī”:⁵⁸ Āgrah [1898°] (2nd ed. 128 pp.).
(11): Ak̲h̲lāq i Ḍiyāʾī, in prose and verse, modeled on the Gulistān, by M. Ḍiyā b. Aḥmad S̲h̲āh: Bombay [1893°] (Karīmī Pr. Vol. i. 360 pp.).⁵⁹
(12): Ak̲h̲lāq i Muḥammadī, by Jaʿfarī Ṭaiyārī: Lindesiana p. 159 no. 669 (ah 1211/1796–7).
(13): Ak̲h̲lāq i Muḥammadī, by M. ʿAlī Yazdī (cf. pl. iv no. 166 (8) supra): [Lucknow] 1292/1875°* (n.k. 376 pp.).
(14): ʿAmal bi-’l-ḥadīt̲h̲ (beg. Ān Hādī i Muṭlaq sazāwār i ḥ. ast), by Maulawī Wilāyat ʿAlī: [Calcutta] Aḥmadīyah Pr., n.d.* (without author’s name. 18 pp.); Delhi 1285/1868* (Mujtabāʾī Pr. Appended (p. 19) to S. Aḥmad Barēlawī’s Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfifīn).
(15): Andarz-nāmah, dedicated to Riḍā-qulī Mīrzā Qājār [i.e. probably R.-q. M. Nāʾib al-Iyālah b. Ḥusain-ʿAlī Mīrzā: cf. pl. i no. 1225 beginning 1st par., with footnote. no. 1615] by Nawwāb Ḥājī Akbar S̲h̲īrāzī: Edinburgh New Coll. p. 8 no. 18.
(16): Anīs al-udabāʾ, by ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd b. ʿAbd al-Bāqī: Ṭihrān 1325/1907 (107 pp. Karatay p. 3).
(17): Anīs al-wāʿiẓīn, by Abū Bakr b. M. ʿAlī Qurais̲h̲ī Sind’hī: 1284/1867–8 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1602 no. 229); Lahore 1289/1872* (290 pp); 1293/1876* ¶ (290 pp.); 1295/1878* (296 pp.); Bombay 1302/1886° (with an appendix entitled Tanbīh al-wāʿiẓīn by Faqīr Allāh. 284 pp. [according to the Quarterly catalogue of books: the B.M.catalogue has 28, obviously in error]).
(18): Anīs al-wāʿiẓīn, by Wāʿiẓ Mullā [sic?]: Lindesiana p. 232 no. 550 (ah 1101/1689).
(19): Anwār i ḥikmat, by Aḥsan Mārahrawī:⁶⁰ ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. mss. p. 51 no. 16 (ah 1340/1921–2).
(20): Bahār i fikrat: Āṣafīyah i p. 20 no. 120.\
(21): Basātīn al-ak̲h̲lāq, by Raḍī al-Dīn M. b. M. Amīn al-Husainī: ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ mss. p. 50 no. 8 (ah 1032/1623).
(22): Dil-gus̲h̲ā, a treatise on ethics, by Aḥmad b. Ḥusain Qāfqāsī: Tiflīs 1299/1882° (256 pp.).
(23): Fiqarāt, a hundred didactic sentences, by Maulawī S. Aḥmad K̲h̲ān [Dihlawī, afterwards k.c.s.i.: see pl. i. no. 654]: [Meerut] Ḍiyāʾī Pr. 1871*⁶¹ (Kitāb i f. 8 pp.); Meerut, Ḍiyāʾī Pr. [1874*] (8 pp.).
(24): Firdaus al-wāʿiẓīn: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1610 no. 180 (1198 Faṣlī [= ad 1791?]), Leningrad Univ. (Salemann-Rosen p. 17 no. 85).
(25): G̲h̲urar al-durar⁶² (beg. al-Ḥ. l. al-Qadīm al-Fāṭir), traditions of the Prophet and anecdotes of holy persons arranged according to subject in eighty-four bābs devoted mainly to virtues and religions duties, by Abū ’l-Barakāt M. b. Aḥmad b. M. al-Ḥusainī: Ḥ. K̲h̲. iv p. 321 no. 8604 (Gh. al-d. fī ’l-mawāʿiẓ wa-’l-ḥikam), Browne Pers. Cat. 21 (165 foll., hopelessly disordered. ah 998/1589), Ivanow 1063 (title given as Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn. 18th cent.).
Selections from the G̲h̲urar u durar:⁶³ Sirāj al-abrār wa-minhāj al-anwār (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. Bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st dar ʿilm i tad̲h̲kīr u waʿẓ u ḥikāyāt az aḥādīt̲h̲ i ṣaḥīḥ) in 19 or 20 short chapters by ʿAlī b. M.b. ʿAlī Iṣfahānī: Blochet ii 754 (58 foll. Title given as Tanbīh al-g̲h̲āfilīn⁶⁴ 18th cent.), iv 2122 (title S. al-a. etc. 19th cent.), Būhār 479(3) (19th cent.).
(26): Guldastah i ak̲h̲lāq, by Muns̲h̲ī Kirpā Rām: Lindesiana p. 171 no. 674 (ah 1270/1854).
(27): ¶ Ḥāṣil al-Tuḥfah, by Maḥmūd S̲h̲āh Fīrōzpūrī: Bombay 1310/1893 (72, 60 pp. Karatay p. 107).
(28): Iḥyāʾ al-Islām, by Fatḥ Muḥammad “Tāʾib”: place? 1296/1879 (Anwār i Muḥammadī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 53).
(29): Iksīr i aʿẓam (beg. Fātiḥah i jarīdah i ibdāʿ), on ethics by M. ʿAlī b. Muftī G̲h̲ulām-Muḥammad Ṣadr Kintūrī⁶⁵ (or possibly Guntūrī), in five chapters called ganj: Ross & Browne 132 (19th cent.), Edinburgh New Coll. p. 7.
(30): Inṣāf-nāmah, by Walī Yūsuf: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1602 (under Mawāʿiẓ. ah 1277/1860–1).
(31): Inṣāf-nāmah (Maṣāliḥ al-Muslimīn Irs̲h̲ād al-mustars̲h̲idīn mausūm bah I.-n.), by M. Jalāl al-Dīn Miskīn:⁶⁶ Āṣafīyah iii p. 684 no. 425 (under Mawāʿiẓ).
(32): Is̲h̲rāq i ak̲h̲tarī, by S.M. S̲h̲afīʿ Riḍawī: Calcutta 1292/1875 (Sulṭānī Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. Ptd. bks. p. 53).
(33): Jauhar i kanz al-g̲h̲arāʾib, on the qualities which kings and their officials should possess, by Najm al-Dīn Qāsim b. M. Mad̲h̲makīnī [?] (cf. pl. i Add. ad no. 311 (23a)): Blochet iv 2141 (ah 883/1479).
(34): K̲h̲azāʾin al-futūḥ, “duties, moral, &c”: Lindesiana p. 178 no. 785 (circ. ad 1810).
(35): K̲h̲ulāṣat al-ak̲h̲lāq i K̲h̲ānī: Leningrad Univ. 960b (Romaskewicz p. 6).
(36): K̲h̲ulāṣat al-qulūb (beg. Ḥ. i bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. i bī-ʿadd mar K̲h̲udāy rā kih d̲h̲āt i Ū wājib al-wujūd-ast), an anonymous paraenetical work in sixteen faṣls ((1) dar tanzīh, (2) dar bayān i s̲h̲ināk̲h̲tan i K̲h̲udāy, (3) d. b. i. ajsām, (4) d. b. i. zamān …), and a K̲h̲ātimah: Hamburg 152 (defective 102 foll. ah 1032/1623).
(37): Kitāb i tadbīr, on the means of improving the condition of Indian Muslims, by M. ʿUbaid al-Raḥmān: Allahabad 1879° (72 pp.).
(38): Kunūz al-rumūz (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ʿalā ifḍālihi … a. b. īn risālah īst … musammā bi-K. al-r…. Dah c̲h̲īz ḥifẓ rā nigāh dārad ṭaʿām i bā-ḥalāwat k̲h̲wurdan …), a short anonymous tract in ten faṣls, each enumerating ten practices useful for a particular purpose (length of life, for example, results from giving alms, praying, obeying father and mother, etc.), and a k̲h̲ātimah: Bodleian 1467 (7 foll. ah 944/1537–8), Blochet iv 2145 fol. 136b seqq. (ah 948/1541), Leyden iv p. 223 no. 1967 (5 pp. ah 995/1587), Berlin 14 (44) (not later than 18th cent.), 287 (defective at end), Ethé 2202.
Description: Orientalia i (Amsterdam 1840) p. 345.
(39): ¶ Laṭīfah i g̲h̲aibī,⁶⁷ by Mulla S̲h̲āh-Muḥammad: Madrās i 434 (defective at both ends.132 foll. ah 1133/1720–1).
(40): Lulu u marjān, by Ḥusain Nūrī Ẓahīrī [read Ṭabarsī?⁶⁸]: Lucknow (date? Taṣwīr i ʿĀlam Pr. See ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 53).
(41): Maʿāṣim al-maʾāt̲h̲im, on moral conduct, by Abū Saʿīd M. Ẓuhūr al-Ḥaqq: Ārah (“Arrah”) 1311/1893 (Star of India Pr. with an Urdu translation, Maʿānim⁶⁹ al-manāʿim, by M. Waḥīd al-Dīn Nahsawī 60 pp.).
(42): Māʾidat al-ʿārifīn (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. j. al-taqwā zād al-musāfirīn), S̲h̲īʿite, by Ḥusain b. ʿAlī Ḥusain [b.] ʿAbd al-ʿAlī, based in part on the author’s own work Jazāʾ al-musāfirīn wa-maʿād al-muhājirīn and divided into a muqaddamah (dar fawāʾid i mauʿiẓah …), thirty majālis on ethical and, to a minor extent, legal and theological subjects, and a k̲h̲ātimah (dar d̲h̲ikr i ʿīdain): Berlin 211 (256 foll. ah 1265/1849).
(43): Majmaʿ al-ak̲h̲lāq (?)⁷⁰ (beg. Li-llāhi ’l-ḥamdu qabla kulli kalām bi-ṣifāti ’l-jalāli wa-’l-ikrām … a.b. īn muk̲h̲taṣarī-st dar bāb i ak̲h̲lāq i insānī), in forty-six maqālahs, each dealing with a virtue, by ʿAlī K̲h̲ān K̲h̲ākī: Aumer 200 (431 pp. ah 995/1587).
(44): Makārim al-ak̲h̲lāq (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ḥamd^an yajlibu ’l-naʿmāʾ wa-yamtarī min g̲h̲awādī faḍlihi ’l-daimāʾ), composed by Ibn Hilāl al-K̲h̲arāʾiṭī at the request of Mujīr al-Dīn Naṣr b. Aḥmad al-Dihistānī and divided into forty chapters: Ḥ. K̲h̲. vi p. 98, Flügel iii 1859 (109 foll. Transcribed for Sulṭān M. Fātiḥ [ah 855–86/1451–81]), Āyā Ṣōfyah 2094 (possibly also 2093, 2095, 1627, 2835, 2903), Göttingen 1 [?].
(45): Maqālāt yaʿnī Majmūʿah i maḍāmīn i Fārsī, essays on ethical subjects, by Qāḍī Nēk ʿĀlam and Manōhar Sahāy: Lahore [1923*] (Dīn i Muḥammadī Pr. 164 pp.).
(46): Maqtal-nāmah [sic(?) Iv. 1404] or Qiṣṣah i pāds̲h̲āh i Raḥmānī u pāds̲h̲āh i S̲h̲aiṭānī [so Iv. 1405] (beg. Ḥ. u. t̲h̲. i bī-pāyān mar Laṭīf i K̲h̲abīr i K̲h̲āliqī), on the virtues of the ideal Divine ruler and the faults of the Satanic ruler chiefly in reference to some provinces of Central India, composed by Naṣīr al-Dīn b. S̲h̲ihāb al-Dīn Zāhid “Ajhūd’hanī”⁷¹ in the time of Aḥmad S̲h̲āh Sulṭān Aḥsanābādī [sic?]: Ivanow 1404 (15 foll. ah 1158/1745), 1405 (early 19th cent.).
(47): Maʿrifat al-ḥuqūq: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 34 (under Mawāʿiẓ ah 1090/1679).
(48): ¶ Maṣālih al-Muslimīn: see Inṣāf-nāmah above.
(49): Maxims and reflections. Translated from the Persian by S. Khuda Bukhsh. London 1916°* (86 pp.).
(50): Mī bāyad dīd, on the virtues to be aimed at by a Muslim, by M. Ḥusain Ṭālibpūrī Murs̲h̲idābādī: Lucknow 1879° (34 pp.); Place? 1882 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1612 no. 343); Cawnpore (Majīdī Pr.) 1910* (32 pp.).
(51): Minhāj al-anwār: see Sirāj al-abrār below.
(52): Mirʾāt al-ak̲h̲lāq (Ḥ. mar ān Maḥmūdī rā), in three ṣūrats, compiled by the author (possibly the transcriber and owner Luṭf Allāh b. Yad Allāh Niẓām al-Dīn) in view of a request received in the majlis of Zain al-Dīn Ḥabīb Allāh S̲h̲īrāzī on the basis of the Ak̲h̲lāq i Nāṣirī and the C̲h̲ahār maqālah i ʿArūḍī:⁷² Ethé 2951 (67 foll.).
(53): Mīzān i ʿadālat, by ʿAlī Riḍā: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1606.
(54): Muhad̲h̲d̲h̲ib al-ak̲h̲lāq, anon: Browne Suppt. 1288 (69 foll. ah 1249/1833–4. Corpus 17(1)).
(55): Murs̲h̲id al-ṭālibīn: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1610 no. 202 (under Mawāʿiẓ).
(56): Muṣāḥabah i ak̲h̲lāqīyah, ethics for schools, by Qārī⁷³ Hās̲h̲im and Qārī ʿAbd Allāh: Lahore ahs 130 [5]/1926* (Mufīd i ʿĀmm. Pr. 217 pp.).
(57): Najāt al-nafs, translated at Multān in the governship (ṣūbah-dārī) of ʿAlī Aṣg̲h̲ar K̲h̲ān: Āṣafīyah i p. 26 no. 141.
(58): Naṣāʾiḥ al-k̲h̲alāʾiq, by ʿAbd Allah⁷⁴ [Anṣārī? Cf. pl. i no. 1245, etc.]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1606 no. 336 (ah 1157/1744).
(59): Naṣīḥat al-ḥukamāʾ: Istanbul 1304/1887 (Mihrān Pr. 32 pp. Karatay p. 138).
(60): Pand-nāmah i K̲h̲wājah ʿAbd al-Shahīd, maxims, by Nāṣir al-Dīn (ʿAbd al-S̲h̲ahīd) b. ʿUbaid Allāh: Delhi 1313/1895° (Hindu Pr. with Urdu translation by Mīrzā M. Ṣiddīq Bēg. 12 pp.).
(61): Qiṣṣah i pāds̲h̲āh i Raḥmānī u pāds̲h̲āh i S̲h̲aiṭānī: see Maqtal-nāmah.
(62): Rāḥat al-insān (beg. Sp. az mā bandagān mar K̲h̲udāy rā kih Āfrīdgār i har dū jahān ast ba-aḍʿāf i rīg i biyābān), an anonymous collection of precepts ascribed to philosophers, sages, kings, saints, ministers and others: Blochet ii 753 (15 foll Late 15th cent.), Browne pers. Cat. 328(7).
A work of this title, with similar beginning, but apparently differing thereafter, by S̲h̲arīf, containing versified precepts is found in Schefer’s Chrestomathie i (Paris 1883) pp. 205–32, notes pp. 205–7.
(63): ¶ Rāḥat al-qulūb (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā. wa-ṭūbā li-l-fāʾizīn wa-’l-ṣ….), a theological and ethical work in nineteen or twenty bābs ((1) dar bayān i rūz i qiyāmat,…(13) dar manʿ kardan az durūg̲h̲,… (20) dar ʿuqūbat i nauḥah kardan) by Mubārak [b.?] Faiḍ Allāh (Bodleian 1787 adds S̲h̲āmī): Leyden iv p. 335 no. 2185 (Bābs vi-xix (the last = xx, since xix seems to be absent from this ms. ah 1037/1628 in S̲h̲āh-Jahān’s reign), Ethé 2208 (65 foll. 20 bābs ah 1043/1634), Bānkīpūr Suppt. ii 2339 (much damaged. 19 bābs. ah 1108/1697 probably), Bodleian 1787 (101 foll. 20 bābs. N.d.).
(64): (Risālah i libās u zīnat) (beg. Baʿd az tazyīn i mafāriq i s̲h̲ahryārān i ʿarṣah i kalām), on the dress and adornment appropriate for a Muslim, in a jaib (subdivided into six tukmahs), ten ruqʿahs and a d̲h̲ail: Berlin 215 (42 foll.).
(65): Risālah i qiyām i taʿẓīmī, on the duty of rising as a mark of respect, by Sulṭān-Ḥusain: [Lucknow?] 1283/1866–7 (n. k. see ʿAlīgaṛh Subḥ. ptd. bks. p. 38 no. 36); [Lucknow] 1287/1870* (n.k. 42 pp.).
(66): Rutbat al-fāk̲h̲irah, by ʿAlī b. Ḥusain: Lindesiana p. 120 no. 740 (cic. ad 1760).
(67): Sarmāyah i saʿādat yā ʿilm u āzādī, by Abū ’l-Ḥasan b. M. Ḥusain: Ṭihrān 1327/1909 (125 pp. Karatay p. 7).
(68): S̲h̲ahryār i hūs̲h̲mand, by Ibrāhīm Zanjānī: Ṭihrān 1831 (330 pp. Karatay p. 85).
(69): Sirāj al-abrār or Minhāj al-anwār (beg. al-Ḥ. l. Bi-dān-kih īn muk̲h̲taṣar īst dar ʿilm i tad̲h̲kīr u waʿẓ), on ethics in nineteen bābs, by Maḥram-ʿAlī b. M. b. ʿAlī Iṣfahānī: Ivanow 1401 (1) (Bābs i-xviii only. 54 foll. Early 19th cent.).
(70): Sirāj i hidāyat, by M. Sirāj al-Dīn: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1608 no. 188. [Edition: 1280/1863–4 (Āṣafīyah ii p. 1608 no. 349).
(71): Siyar al-salāṭīn, on the duties of rulers, in five bābs, by Hās̲h̲im b. M. al-Ḥusainī: Leyden iv p. 222 no. 1966 (acephalous. 140 foll.).
(72): (Suk̲h̲anān i jān-nawāz u buland) (beg. S. i. j.-n. u b. mutaḍammin i pandhā-yi dil-pasand … Jān i pidar rāstī bi-guzīn u bā rāst-kārān bi-nis̲h̲īn), an anonymous and untitled collection of moral sayings and anecdotes in prose followed by a similar section in verse: Bānkīpūr ix 959 (52 foll. 19th cent.), 960 (54 foll. 19th cent.).
(73): Taʾdīb al-niswān, a satire upon women: [Persia, n.d.°] (76 pp. Illustrated); [Persia, n.d.°] (76 pp); Ṭihran 1309/1891–2 (D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 211).
French translation: La femme persane jugée et critiquée par un Persan. Traducion annotée du Téédib-el-nisvân par G. Audibert. Paris (Le Puy printed) 1889° (95 pp. Bibliothèque Orientale Elzévirienne, lxii).
(74): Tahd̲h̲īb i insān, by M. Sirāj al-Dīn [author of the Sirāj i hidāyat?]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1604 no. 172 (ah 1280/1863–4).
(75): ¶ Tanbīh al-ghāfilīn⁷⁵ (beg. al-Ḥ. l. ’l. amaranā bi-’l-ʿilm wa-’l-ṭāʿah), an admonitory work by Bahāʾ al-Dīn b. M. b. Ibrāhīm al-Tirmid̲h̲ī (so Āṣafīyah) or B. al-D. M. Ibr. b. M. al-Sarmadī (so D̲h̲arīʿah, from a printed edition), in a muqaddamah (fī faḍl al-ʿilm), nine faṣls and a k̲h̲ātimah: D̲h̲a̲r̲īʿa̲h̲ iv p. 444 no. 1980, Āṣafīyah ii p. 1604 no. 61.
Editions: [Persia, n. d.°] (author’s name according to Edwards B. al-D. M. b. Sarmadī. 22 foll.); 1272/1855–6 (D̲h̲arīʿah): 1314/1896–7 (ibid.); Lahore 1295/1878* (Victoria Pr. 52 pp.); Mas̲h̲had 1325/1907 (Mas̲h̲had v p. 252 no. 458).
(76): Ṭarz i nawīn i naṣīhat i ḥukamā u maqālāt i kubarā, by Ḥifẓī: Istanbul 1327/1909 (45 pp Karatay p. 78).
(77): Tuḥfat al-aḥbāb, “an Essay in Ethics and Morals” in twenty Bābs, “including also sonnets by various Persian poets, such as Mīr Najāt [who died Circ. 1126/1714]…”: Browne Suppt. 266 (Jesus 2).
(78): Tuḥfat al-aḥbāb (beg. Sp. i. bī-ḥ. u t̲h̲. yi bī-ʿadd sazāwār i K̲h̲udāwand i Yagānah ast), in a muqaddamah, ten hadīyahs and a k̲h̲ātimah, by M. Yūsuf al-Qāḍī al-Qazwīnī (maskan^an) al-Ṭihrānī (maulid^an wa-mauṭin^an): Maʿārif i 101.
(79): Tuḥfat al-ak̲h̲bār [al-ak̲h̲yār?]: Āṣafīyah ii p. 1602 no. 193 (under Mawāʿiẓ).
(80): Tuḥfat al-mulūk, as usually, or Tuḥfat al-salāṭīn, as in Ethé 1762(23), or Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ, as in Bodleian 1466 and Flügel or Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ wa-’l-salāṭīn, as in the D̲h̲arīʿah, where it is said to be known also as C̲h̲ihil bāb (beg. al-Ḥ. l. R. al-ʿā…. a. b. bi-dān-kih ḥukamā az kutub i qudamā ik̲h̲tiyār numūdah and, or the like, but in Ivanow Curzon 655(1) Baʿd i ḥ. i īzad Nigahdārandah i zamīn u zamān), maxims relating to the ethics of rulership in forty very short bābs, each containing four maxims: Ḥ. K̲h̲. ii p. 243 (Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ), D̲h̲arīʿah iii p. 480, where the work is ascribed to Jalāl al-Dīn M. al-Iṣfahānī, Blochet iii 1502 (2) (16th cent.), iv 2443 (a version in which Buzurjmihr gives the advice. A fragment of 4 leaves transcribed in 966/1558–9 by Mīr ʿAlī Mas̲h̲hadī), Ivanow Curzon 655(1) (ah 1263/1847), Bodleian 1241(45), 1465, 1466, 1476(4), Edinburgh 94 (early 19th cent.), Ethé 1762(23), Flügel i 644, iii 1931(3), Krafft 484 (defective?), probably also Āṣafīyah ii p. 1218 no. 169 (Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ), Leningrad Univ, no. 960a (T. al-w. Romaskewicz p. 5), Lindesiana p. 228 nos. 570 (T. al-w. Circ. ad 1700), 488 (T. al-w. Circ. ad 1810), Vatican Borg. Pers. 9 (1) (ascribed to Auḥadī Marāg̲h̲ī and divided into nine bābs. ¶ 17th cent.), possibly also Ellis Coll. M. 34 “a treatise on morals”, by ʿAlī al-Iṣfahānī (77 foll. ah 885/1480).
Editions: [Persia] 1282/1865–6 (title presumably T. al-w. wa-’l-s. [Persia] 1301/1884° (14 pp.); Kābul 1312/1895* (44 pp. Ed. Gul M. K̲h̲ān); and in several majmūʿahs, e.g. Ṣad pand i sūdmand [of Luqmān: see pl. iv no. 806 supra], etc. Cawnpore 1275/1859° pp. 13–18; Panj ganj i murawwajah i Panjāb, Lucknow 1872–4° (pt. 4); possibly Ṭihrān 1899 (T. al-m., “a book on morals and etiquette, edited from a ms. in the British Museum”. See Luzac’s Bibliotheca Orientalis xlv (1945) p. 83 no. 908.).
(81): Tuḥfat al-mulūk (beg. S̲h̲. u sp. ḥaḍrat i ān K̲h̲udāʾī rā kih jumlah i mumkināt), in fifteen bābs ((1) dar k̲h̲irad, (2) dar dānis̲h̲, (3) dar nā-dānī … (15) dar dunyā u ḥirṣ): Leyden i p. 359 no. 490 (39 pp. a Golius ms., therefore not later than 17th cent.); Vatican Pers 12(1) (52 foll. 17th cent. Rossi p. 38).
(82): Tuḥfat al-salāṭīn: see Tuḥfat al-mulūk (no. (80) above).
(83): Tuḥfat al-wuzarāʾ: see Tuḥfat al-mulūk (no. (80) above).
(84): Waṣīyat-nāmah (beg. S̲h̲. u. sp. ḥaḍrat i Wājib al-wujūdī-rā kih): Flügel iii 1863 (27 foll.).

next chapter: 10 Philosophy

Notes

^ Back to text1. From a comparison of Flügel iii 1552 (7), 1552 (13), 1851 (1) (fol. 11a) 1852 fol. 53a it will be seen that, in Arabic at least, there exist two or three waṣīyahs of Luqmān. In Persian those headed Ṣad pand i Luqmān are probably more or less the same, but some of those described as Waṣīyat i Luqmān may be different.

^ Back to text2. Rāy Bahādur is a title conferred on Hindus by the Government of India.

^ Back to text3. Cf. Ethé in G. i. P. ii pp. 346, 349.

^ Back to text4. Blochet ii 736 omits b.

^ Back to text5. So (or al-ṣāliḥīn) in both Blochet 736 and Berlin 265, possibly as an epithet referring to the author’s father and grandfather, unless al-Ṣāliḥī should be read, as suggested by Pertsch.

^ Back to text6. The words quoted in the Leyden Arabic catalogue, 2nd ed., i p. 215, from Ibn Miskawaihi’s concluding sentences make it fairly clear that Ibn Miskawaihi retained for his work the original title, Jāwīdān k̲h̲irad, and that the title given by Ḥ. K̲h̲., Ādāb al-ʿArab wa-’l-Furs, is without authority.

^ Back to text7. Taqīyā-yi S̲h̲us̲h̲tarī, having migrated from Persia to India, attached himself to the K̲h̲ān i K̲h̲ānān Mīrzā ʿAbd al-Raḥīm (cf. pl. i no. 698 Persian translations (3)). When ʿAbd al-Qādir Badāʾūnī wrote (in 1004/1595–6?) a short account of him (Muntak̲h̲ab al-tawārīk̲h̲ iii p. 206), he was preparing by order of Akbar a prose rendering (never completed?) of the S̲h̲āh-nāmah. In 1017/1608 Jahāngīr conferred upon him the title of Muʾarrik̲h̲ K̲h̲ān (Memoirs, p. 69, l. 10 from foot, Rogers & Beveridge’s trans. p. i p. 146^5̲), and in 1024/1615 he was holding the office of Ṣadr (Maʾāt̲h̲ir i Raḥīmī iii p. 682). It is said that he died in Jahāngīr’s reign. See also Haft iqlīm no, 277; Āʾin i Akbarī tr. Blochmann p. 518; Ṭabaqāt i Akbarī ii p. 471; Ṭabaqāt i S̲h̲āh-Jahānī; Riyāḍ al-s̲h̲uʿarā; Rieu ii 441 a.

^ Back to text8. This title occurs in Ethé 2210, but is not mentioned by the other catalogues.

^ Back to text9. Son of Abū ’l-Ḥasan Āṣaf K̲h̲ān and after his father’s death in 1051/1641 Wazīr to S̲h̲āh-Jahān (his brother-in-law, since Mumtāz-Maḥall was his sister). In 1062/1652 he was appointed Governor of Gujarāt. In Aurangzēb’s reign he was Governor of the Deccan and subsequently of Bengal, where he came in conflict with Job Charnock of the East India Company. He died in 1105/1694.

^ Back to text10. Bi-smi ’llāhi ’l-Raḥmāni ’l-Raḥīm presumably.

^ Back to text11. Farzand-nāmah?

^ Back to text12. By trustworthy persons (mardum i t̲h̲iqāt) such as the late Mīrzā M. Zāhid, Saḍr of Kābul [who died in 1101/1689–90: see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 188⁵, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 621], Maulawī ʿAbd al-Ḥakīm [Siyālkōtī, who died in 1067/1657: see Raḥmān ʿAlī p. 111⁶, Brockelmann Sptbd. ii p. 613] and the late Mīrān M. Fāḍil Gujrātī. A note to this effect, quoted in the catalogue, appears on the title-page and also at the end of the ms.

^ Back to text13. Title in colophon only, so far at least as Ivanow 1370 is concerned.

^ Back to text14. Described as the “25th year of the reign of Mahmūd Shāh”. It is not clear who this ruler can have been.

^ Back to text15. The kunyah Abū Jaʿfar is attributed to him by Ḥ. K̲h̲. (i p. 194^1̲) and, doubtless on this authority, by some European writers, but this seems to be due to a confusion with the S̲h̲īʿite traditionist Abū Jaʿfar M. b. al-Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī, called S̲h̲aik̲h̲ al Ṭāʾifah, who was born at Ṭūs in 385/995, wrote inter alia the canonical works Tahd̲h̲īb al-aḥkām and al-Istibṣār, and died at al-Najaf in 459/1067 or 460/1068 (see Brockelmann i p. 405, Sptbd i pp. 706–7, Ency. Isl. under Ṭūsī, M. b. al-Ḥ.).

^ Back to text16. The fourth of the five subsections (faṣls) of Maqālah ii, on duty to parents, “was added by the author to the second recension of his work in ah 663, 30 years after its original compilation (which falls, therefore in ah 633 = ad 1235–6” (Browne Pers. Cat p. 206).

^ Back to text17. This dedication later withdrawn? (see Brock. Sptbd. i p. 928 n. 1)

^ Back to text18. According to the preface to his glossary Miftāḥ al-ak̲h̲lāq (see below) he had come across an autograph ms. used by Ṭūsī for his lectures and had obtained a transcription which was then collated fourteen times with the autograph.

^ Back to text19. Author of al-Is̲h̲ārāt wa-’l-tanbīhāt (fī ’l-maʿānī) written in 729/1328–9 (Ḥ. K̲h̲. i p. 304).

^ Back to text20. Title in Arabic character.

^ Back to text21. al-Ḥasan al-S̲h̲īʿī [perhaps a corruption of al-Baihaqī] al-Sabzawārī, as he seems to call himself in the preface to the Maṣābīḥ al-qulūb. In the Rauḍāt al-jannāt he is called Abū Saʿīd al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥusain al-maʿrūf bi-’l-S̲h̲īʿī al-Sabzawārī. The catalogues, probably on the authority of title-pages and colophons, give some variations, e.g. Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan b. M. al-Sabzawārī al Baihaqī al-S̲h̲āfiʿī [sic?] (Calcutta Madrasah 132).

^ Back to text22. Karrāb bar wazn i darrāb is, or was, a village three parasangs from K̲h̲usraujird (see Tārīk̲h̲ i Baihaq, ed Bahmanyār, p. 343).

^ Back to text23. The date of composition is given in the preface, but in the Berlin ms. only wa-sabʿ-miʾah remains, the units and tens having been effaced.

^ Back to text24. Correct title unknown.

^ Back to text25. Same as preceding?

^ Back to text26. Title from heading and colophon.

^ Back to text27. In pl. i no. 1284 1st footnote, Add. ad no. 219, there is a regrettable confusion between this Kamāl al-Dīn K̲h̲wārazmī and a later saint of the same name (see pl. ii index).

^ Back to text28. Amīr G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fatḥ S̲h̲āh-Malik Bahādur, for whom see Rieu i p. 145.

^ Back to text29. “d’une inspiration franchement mystique” (Blochet).

^ Back to text30. Ak̲h̲lāq al-Muḥsinīn is the form in which the title occurs in the preface (at any note according to some mss. See Ethé 2188), though not in the chronogram at the end of the work.

^ Back to text31. This date, which must be at least approximately correct, is not mentioned by Rieu in his summary of the preface.

^ Back to text32. So Rieu Naḥmaduka, D̲h̲arīʿah: read perhaps Bi-ḥamdika.

^ Back to text33. The title of the work is not given in the text (ʿAbd al-Muqtadir).

^ Back to text34. This is stated “at the beginning” of Rieu Suppt. 150 but perhaps not in all other mss.

^ Back to text35. See pl iv no. 933 infra.

^ Back to text36. For his son ʿAbd al-Fattāh “Fattāḥī”, who was born at Karnāl, see Safīnah i K̲h̲wus̲h̲gū no. 646. That work seems to contain the account of “Ilhāmī” himself.

^ Back to text37. According to the lithographed text of the Nujūm al-samāʾ (p. 149⁵) the author of that work says nothing about Bāb ii but says that he had seen a copy of the mujallad i t̲h̲ālit̲h̲, which “kamyāb ast”. It seems probable that in this passage t̲h̲ālit̲h̲ is a misprint or a clerical error for t̲h̲ānī.

^ Back to text38. This suggestion is based merely on the fact that in Browne’s Supplementary hand-list the Ak̲h̲lāq i pāds̲h̲āhī is described as a work of S̲h̲. Bahāʾ al-Dīn ʿĀmilī. A work written in 1055 could not have come from the pen of Bahāʾal-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī, who died in 1031/1622, but, if in the King’s ms. (on the title-page, for example) the work is ascribed to B. al-D. ʿĀmilī, it is possible that this ascription has a basis in fact and that the work is by another ʿĀmilī, namely M. b. K̲h̲ātūn, who was in the service of ʿAbd Allāh Quṭb-S̲h̲āh (see pl. i no. 84 and Add. ad loc.).

^ Back to text39. As Arberry points out, this date is one year earlier than that indicated by the chronogram Ak̲h̲lāq i pāds̲h̲āhī, which seems to be absent from the ms. described by Arberry. It may be surmised that Majmūʿah i Quṭb-S̲h̲āhī is a title covering the three works (1) Intik̲h̲āb i Taʾrīk̲h̲ al-ḥukamāʾ, (2) Risālah i kalām, (3) Ak̲h̲lāq i pāds̲h̲āhī. The same perhaps applies to the title Jung i Quṭb-S̲h̲āhī (Būhār 210).

^ Back to text40. According to Arberry this is the title given to the work in the colophon of the i.o. ms. In an “endorsement” on the Būhār ms. it is called Jung i Quṭb-S̲h̲āhī. In the preface the author refers to it as a “a tract on ethical matters” (see Bānkīpūr Cat., Suppt. ii p. 191²⁸), which he appended to his Intik̲h̲āb i Tārīk̲h̲ al-ḥukamāʾ. The title Risālah i kalām given to it in the Bānkīpūr catalogue seems so inappropriate (to judge by the headings of the chapters) as to suggest that it is a lapsus calami for Risālah i ak̲h̲lāq. No title is mentioned in the Calcutta Madrasah catalogue, where it is described (not very aptly, it would seem) as “a work on theology and Muḥammadan Law illustrated by the sayings of the Prophet and his associates”.

^ Back to text41. This, or 1074/1163–4 (not 1063 or 1064), appears to be the date indicated by a chronogram written on (not in!) a ms. belonging to the compiler of the Majlis catalogue: S̲h̲anīdam az muṣannif sāl tārīk̲h̲as̲h̲ c̲h̲unīn mī-guft Jamāl al-ṣāliḥīn majmūʿah s̲h̲ud ādāb i īmān rā. On the other hand the author of the Dharīʿah gives the date of completion as 1121. If this date really refers to the composition of the work and not to the transcription of a ms., it may be the date of a final edition. It will be noticed that the mss. open in two different ways. These may be the openings of two different editions.

^ Back to text42. [A work of the same title, but apparently composed in 1105/1694, (chronogram) by an ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī ṭabīb, is listed below, no. 874 v.s.].

^ Back to text43. I.e. of Kōl [ʿAlīgaṛh]: cf. pl. i no. 1355.

^ Back to text44. I.e “Muttra”

^ Back to text45. See Rauḍāt al-jannāt p. 198²; pl. i no. 33 2nd par. 2nd footnote.

^ Back to text46. Rafīq i taufīq [!] according to the Majlis catalogue. That this is really the title needs confirmation.

^ Back to text47. [A work of the same title, but apparently composed in 1074/1663–4, by ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī ʿUkkās̲h̲ī, is listed above in 868. v.s.]

^ Back to text48. 26 D̲h̲ū ʾl-Ḥijjah 1081 according to D̲h̲arīʿah.

^ Back to text49. On death & the future life, by M. S̲h̲afīʿ b. M. Ṣāliḥ (pl. iv no. 339(19) supra).

^ Back to text50. So Arberry. Read al-mūṣiyah?

^ Back to text51. C̲h̲innāpatan [spelling?] = Chennapatnam = Madrās (see Tūzuk i Wālā-Jāhī, tr. Nainar, pt. 1, pp. 98–99).

^ Back to text52. Muḥammadpūr, the town of M. ʿAlī (i.e. Nawwāb Wālā-Jāh. Cf. pl. i no. 1083 1st par.) = Arkāt (“Arcot”): see Tūzuk i Wālā-Jāhī tr. Nainar, pt. 1, p. 60.

^ Back to text53. So Edwards and Arberry. In the Āṣafīyah catalogue the work is placed under Fiqh i Ḥanafī.

^ Back to text54. Cf. pl. i nos. 942–3.

^ Back to text55. [Bombay 1893°? Cf. no. 923 (11) infra. v.s.].

^ Back to text56. = “brother” in Hindī (and doubtless other Sanskritic languages).

^ Back to text57. The query is the cataloguer’s.

^ Back to text58. Author (with ʿUbaid Allāh al-ʿUbaidī’s help) of the Taṣwīb al-bayān fī s̲h̲arḥ al-dīwān, a Persian commentary on al-Mutanabbī’s dīwān (Āgrah 1300/1883°; Cawnpore 1315/1898°).

^ Back to text59. [It seems probable that this is the work described under no. 916 supra. v.s.]

^ Back to text60. From Marehra, 12 miles north of Etah in the u.p., India.

^ Back to text61. Date from u.p. Quarterly Cat.

^ Back to text62. So Browne, but G̲h̲urar u durar in the abridgement (cf. Ḥ. K̲h̲.) and Būhār catalogue.

^ Back to text63. Cf. note above.

^ Back to text64. Cf. Ivanow 1063 above.

^ Back to text65. Cf. pl. i nos. 1329 (6) 3rd footnote, 1363 footnote.

^ Back to text66. [Cf. pl. iv no. 133 supra. v.s.].

^ Back to text67. Whether there is satisfactory evidence for this title and for the name of the author is not clear.

^ Back to text68. Cf. pl. iv no. 537 supra.

^ Back to text69. Sic?

^ Back to text70. Title in ʿunwān, but not in text.

^ Back to text71. Presumably Ajōd’hanī (cf pl. i no. 1259 3rd footnote).

^ Back to text72. Not ʿAḍudī (!).

^ Back to text73. This word (Arabic Qāriʾ) is of course a title prefixed to the name of a man able to intone the Qurʾān.

^ Back to text74. [This is apparently the translation of the Jñāna-mātā mentioned pl. iv no. 779 (3) supra, q.v. for other mss. v.s].

^ Back to text75. The Panjāb Quaterly Catalogue 1879/2 adds fī umūr al-dunyā wa-’l-dīn.

Storey Online

9 Ethics
(19,944 words)

Notes

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Storey Online

9 Ethics(19,944 words)

Notes

Cite this page

9 Ethics
(19,944 words)