Elmira Akhmetova holds a PhD in History and Civilisation from the International Islamic University of Malaysia (iium) and is currently Assistant Professor in History and Civilisation at the same university. She is the author of Islam in Russia: Historical Facts and Current Developments (Kuala Lumpur: iais Malaysia, 2013) and of various papers about Islam in Russia, Middle Eastern history and political issues.

Muhamed Ali is Assistant Professor at the International University of Sarajevo, where he teaches courses in the areas of international law and politic…