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In Band XIV: Antropogeographie, Teil 1, Gesamt- und Ländergeographie, Stadt- und Regionalgeographie previous section IBN ABĪ ṮĀBIT AL-A'RAĞ Abū Zakarīyāʾ'Abdal'azīz b. 'Imrān b. 'Abdal'azīz Ibn Abī Ṯābit az-Zuhrī al-Madīnī, Historiker und Traditionarier – als solcher galt er als schwach – war auch dichterisch begabt. Ibn an-Nadīm (S. 108) bezeichnet ihn als Verfasser von Büchern, von denen er jedoch nur das K. al-Aḥlāf namentlich nennt. Zahlreiche Zitate von 'Umar b. Šabba und Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī lassen vermuten, daß sie auf ein Werk über Medina von Ibn Abī …

Sharaf al-Dīn Abū l-Maḥāsin Muḥammad b. Naṣrallāh al-Kūfī al-Dimashqī Ibn ʿUnayn (d. 630/1233) was a poet of the Ayyūbid era, most famous for his invective and satirical poems against the ruling elite in his hometown of Damascus. Trained by eminent scholars, including the traditionist and historian Ibn ʿAsākir (d. 571/1176), the physician and eclectic author ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Shayzarī (d. after 565/1169), and the jurist al-Shahrazūrī (d. 586/1190), he is said to have memorised the exhaustive lexicon al-Jamhara fī l-lugha of Ibn Durayd (d. 321/933). Ibn ʿUnayn’s poetry rev…

Ibn Rushayd (657–721/1259–1321), the greatest traditionist of his time in the Islamic West, possessed great intellectual authority and social prestige due to his extensive knowledge. He was recognised by his contemporaries and is still admired today. He is renowned for the seven-volume account of his three-year journey (riḥla) of pilgrimage and study to more than twenty-seven cities. His full name was Muḥibb al-Dīn Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. Idrīs b. ʿAbdallāh b. Saʿīd b. Masʿūd b. Ḥasan/Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad b. ʿ…

Abū Yaʿlā Ḥamza b. Asad al-Tamīmī, better known by his family name of Ibn al-Qalānisī (c. 465–555/1073–1160), was a Damascene official and littérateur. He is well known to modern historians for his chronicle Dhayl taʾrīkh Dimashq (“Continuation of the history of Damascus”), which constitutes one of the few sources available for the Muslim response to the Crusades of the late fifth/eleventh and early sixth/twelfth centuries. Yet despite this, actual knowledge about his life is sparse. Most of our information comes from the great biographical dictionary Taʾrīkh madīnat Dimashq (“His…

The Ibn al-Mudabbir brothers, Ibrāhīm and Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbdallāh (or ʿUbaydallāh) b. al-Mudabbir, were courtiers and fiscal officials who worked for the ʿAbbāsid caliphate in the mid-third/ninth century. Aḥmad was reportedly older than Ibrāhīm (al-Ṣafadī, 8:38). 1. Ibrāhīm Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm b. al-Mudabbir (d. 279/892–3) was a bureaucrat for several ʿAbbāsid caliphs, from al-Wāthiq (r. 227–32/842–7) to al-Muʿtamid (r. 256–79/870–92). He was a favourite of al-Mutawakkil (r. 232–47/847–61) and helped him stage the downfall of the…

ʿUbaydallāh Ibn Qays al-Ruqayyāt (d. 80/699; his correct ism is ʿUbaydallāh, not ʿAbdallāh, as given in several sources) was an Umayyad poet and a member of the Quraysh tribe. In some sources, he is described as the best poet of the Quraysh after the coming of Islam. He lived in Medina (al-Ṣafadī, 19:263). His mother, Qutayla bt. Wahb, was from the Kināna tribe. Al-Ruqayyāt (plural of the name Ruqayya) is a nickname of the poet, meaning “Ibn Qays” of the Ruqayyas. According to some scholars, it is a nic…

ʿAbdallāh b. ʿĀmir (or ʿAmr) Ibn al-Ḥaḍramī (d. c.38/658) is remembered in the sources as the agent sent by the Umayyad caliph Muʿāwiya (r. 41–60/661–80) to Basra in order to garner the support of its inhabitants after the Battle of Ṣiffīn (37/657). Some explanation for the choice of Ibn al-Ḥaḍramī is to be found in prosopographical and genealogical details. Ibn al-Ḥaḍramī was probably, at some point, the governor of Basra for the Rightly Guided caliph ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān (r. 23–35/644–56). This fact wa…

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. Idrīs b. al-Mundhir al-Ḥanẓalī al-Rāzī (240–327/854–5–938), known as Ibn Abī Ḥātim al-Rāzī, was a transmitter (rijāl) critic, traditionist, and exegete, who was born in Rayy (north-eastern Iran) to a family originating from the village of Jazz near Iṣfahān. His chief mentors included his father, Abū Ḥātim (195–277/810–1–90), and Abū Zurʿa al-Rāzī (200–64/815–6–78), both towering third/ninth-century ḥadīth experts. During his travels (riḥlāt) in pursuit of knowledge (255–64/869–78), which encompassed the Ḥijāz, Iraq, Eg…

Muhadhdhab al-Dīn Abū l-Ḥusayn Aḥmad b. Munīr b. Aḥmad b. Mufliḥ al-Ṭarābulusī (or al-Aṭrābulusī) al-Raffāʾ (the darner), known as Ibn Munīr al-Ṭarābulusī (b. 473/1080–1, d. 548/1153), was a Syrian poet famous for his panegyrics—especially those written for the Zangid rulers ʿImād al-Dīn Zangī (r. 521–41/1127–46) and his son Nūr al-Dīn (r. 541–65/1146–74)—and for several love poems and the Qaṣīda Tatariyya. Ibn Munīr was born in Ṭarābulus (Tripoli, Lebanon) the son of a darner, hence his laqab al-Raffāʾ. His father used to recite Shīʿī poetry in the markets of Tripoli,…

In Volume 4 | Part C, The Unification of Islamic Thought and the Flowering of Theology | Chapter 6, The Argument over the Quran previous chapter Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdallāh b. Muḥammad (?) b. Saʿīd Ibn Kullāb al-Qaṭṭān al-Tamīmī, d. 241/855,1 h…

Ibn al-Muzawwiq (d. 833/1430), also known as Ibn al-Sadīd, Fakhr al-Dīn Mājid b. Abī l-Faḍāʾil b. Sanā l-Mulk, and sometimes as ʿAbdallāh b. al-Sadīd al-Qibṭī (for his Coptic ancestry), was a judge and a secretary of the Mamlūk sultanate. His entire career was tied to his special relationship with his patron, the powerful secretary Ibrāhīm Ibn Ghurāb (d. 808/1406), who effectively ruled the sultanate in 808/1405–6, during the reign of Sulṭān al-Nāṣir Faraj (r. 801–8/1399–1405, 808–15/1405–12). Ibn al-Muzawwiq is first mentioned when he succeeded Ibn Ghurāb, on 29 Rabīʿ …

Abū l-Faḍl Muḥammad b. Abī l-Ḥusayn Ṭāhir b. ʿAlī b. Aḥmad al-Maqdisī al-Shaybānī (448–507/1056–1113), known by his contemporaries as Ibn al-Qaysarānī or Ibn Ṭāhir, was a renowned transmitter of Prophetic traditions and the author of many works, including Ṣūfī treatises. Born in Jerusalem in Shawwāl 448/December 1056 to a family from Caesarea, in Palestine (whence his nisbas al-Maqdisī and Ibn al-Qaysarānī), he first heard ḥadīth recited in his native town at the age of twelve. After his first pilgrimage to Mecca and his visit to Baghdad on his way back in 4…

In Band XVII: Schöngeistige Literatur Teil 2 Bildungs- und Unterhaltungsliteratur | V. Bildungs- und Unterhaltungsliteratur | A. Autoren IBN AL-MUQAFFAʿ Abū ʿAmr ʿAbdallāh b. al-Mubārak war persischer Herkunft und trug den persischen Namen Rōzbih, Sohn des Dādōe. Nach dem Beinamen seines Vaters, der Steuerbeamter unter al-Hağğäğ b. Yūsuf oder unter Ḫālid al-Qaṣrī gewesen war, wurde er Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ genannt. Um 102/720 in Färs geboren, wurde er Sekretär umaiyadischer Provinzialbeamter in Kirmān und später maulā und Sekretär von ʿIsā b. ʿAlī, dem Onkel der beiden ers…

In Band XVI: Schöngeistige Literatur, Teil 1, Poetik, Rhetorik und Literaturtheorie, Dichterbücher, Anthologien, Kunstprosa | IV. Kunstprosa | B. Autoren previous section SULAIMĀN B. SAʿD AL-ḪUŠANĪ Abū Ṯābit Sulaimān b. Saʿd al-Ḫušanī aus Jordanien soll als erster die Rechnungsbücher des Staatshaushaltes aus dem Griechischen (in Syrien) übersetzt haben. Das geschah während der Regierung ʿAbdalmaliks (65/685-96/715), nach anderen zur Zeit von Hišām (105/724-125/743). Er leitete das Staatssekretariat von ʿAbdalmalik. aṣ-Ṣūlī, Adab al-kuttāb S. 192; Ibn an-Nadīm S. 2…

In Band XVI: Schöngeistige Literatur, Teil 1, Poetik, Rhetorik und Literaturtheorie, Dichterbücher, Anthologien, Kunstprosa | II. Dichterbücher | B. Autoren previous section IBN DAʾB Abu l-Walīd ʿĪsā b. Yazīd b. Bakr Ibn Daʾb al-Laiṯī al-Kinānī aus Medina, ein Genealoge und Überlieferer der alten und frühislamischen Poesie, war Gesellschafter der beiden Kalifen al-Mahdī und al-Hādī. Er wird von al-Aṣmaʿī beschuldigt, Gedichte gefälscht zu haben. ¶ Sein Vater Yazīd galt auch als Kenner der alten Poesie. Ibn Daʾb starb 171/787. Ǧāḥiẓ, Bayān I, 51, 324; Ibn Qutaiba, Maʿārif S. 537-…

In Band XVI: Schöngeistige Literatur, Teil 1, Poetik, Rhetorik und Literaturtheorie, Dichterbücher, Anthologien, Kunstprosa | IV. Kunstprosa | B. Autoren previous section ḤAFṢAWAIH Nach einer Angabe von Ibn an-Nadīm (S. 135) verfaßte er als erster ein K. al-Ḫarāǧ. Vermutlich lebte er in der ersten Hälfte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts. Ibn an-Nadīm kannte ferner von ihm ein K. ar-Rasāʾil (s. Ibn an-Nadīm S. 135). YŪSUF B. AL-QĀSIM mit der kunya Abu l-Qāsim war ein kātib-Dichter unter den letzten Umaiyaden, später bei al-Manṣūr (s. GAS II, 604) und noch zu Beginn des Kalifat…

In Band XVI: Schöngeistige Literatur, Teil 1, Poetik, Rhetorik und Literaturtheorie, Dichterbücher, Anthologien, Kunstprosa | I. Poetik, Rhetorik und Literaturtheorie previous section ABŪ ʿUBAIDA Maʿmar b. al-Muṯannā (geb. 110/728, Todesjahr schwankt zwischen 207/822 und 213/828), der große, vielseitige Philologe (s. GAS II, 98, III, 363-364, VII, 343, VIII, 67-71, IX, 65-66, XV, 5-6), zu dessen wenigen erhaltenen Büchern Maǧāz al-Qurʾān gehört, das bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts als verschollen galt. Kurz nach der Entdeckung der Handschriften wurde es der Forschung1 zu…

Abū Muslim al-Khawlānī was a Successor (a member of the generation that comes after the Companions) from the Yemeni tribe of Khawlān, who, like many Yemeni converts at that time, resettled in Dārayyā, about eight kilometres southeast of Damascus. Islamic tradition records him as a reputed ascetic (zāhid) and Qurʾān reciter, a wise man (ḥakīm), and someone who appealed to Caliph Muʿāwiya’s (r. 41–60/661–80) sense of justice and magnanimity. He is commonly included in the list of the eight greatest ascetics of the Successor generation (Ibn ʿAbd Rabbihi; GAS, 1:179). The sources are con…

In Band XV: Antropogeographie, Teil 2, Topographie - Geographische Lexika, Kosmographie - Kosmologie - Reiseberichte AL-ʿĀMIRĪ gehörte1 zu den sprachkundigen Beduinen, welche sich möglicherweise in der ersten Hälfte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts mit der Topographie der Arabischen Halbinsel beschäftigten. Die älteste uns bekannte Erwähnung seines Namens begegnet uns im K. al-Ğīm des Abū ʿAmr aš-Šaibānī (III, 69, vgl. GAS VIII, 121f.). Vor allem scheint Luġda al-Iṣfahānī (s.u.S. 18) einen großen Teil seiner Bilād al-ʿarab einer Schrift des ʿ mir entnommen zu haben, die sich …

In Band 9 | IV. Grammatiker in Syrien - Arabien previous section Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥāriṯ aḏ-Ḏimārī Abū ʿAmr Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥāriṯ b. ʿAmr, ein tābiʿī, lebte in Damaskus und fungierte als imām an der Umaiyadenmoschee. Er hörte bei ʿAbdallāh b. ʿĀmir, Nāfiʿ b. Abī Nuʿaim, Saʿīd b. al-Musaiyab u. a. m.; zu seinen Überlieferern gehörten Yaḥyā b. Ḥamza al-Ḥaḍramī und Aiyūb b. Tamīm b. Sulaimān ad-Dimišqī. Er war die Autorität seiner Zeit in Damaskus für Koranlesung. Er starb 145/762. Ibn Qutaiba, Maʿārif 530; Ǧazarī, Ġāya II, 367–368; Ibn Ḥaǧar, Tahḏīb XI, 193–194. – Bergsträsser/Pretzl bei Nöldeke, Gesc…