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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Prehistoric settlement of the  Liburni on a small island (modern Nin, Croatia); attested in the name A., in copious grave finds, and in the native cult of the epigraphically verified  Venus Anzotica. Important town in the early Roman period ( Illyricum, later province  Dalmatia); probably Augustan   municipium of the tribus Sergia (CIL III 3158), 18 km north-west of  Iader, opposite the island of Cissa (modern Pag) at the foot of Mons Albius (modern Velebit) (Plin. HN 3,140; Ptol. 2,16,3). Sur…

[German version] Region in southern Illyricum near the western border of Macedonia (Liv. 42,36,9; cf. Plin. HN 3,145; 4,3; Mela 2,55; Str. 7,5,7; 5,12; Steph. Byz. s.v. D.) between the kingdoms of the Illyrians and the Macedonians, from the Lychnidus lacus (today Lake Ohrid; Ptol. 3,13,32; Liv. 43,9,7) to Antipatrea (today Berati, Albania) along the upper (H)apsus (Semani, Albania). Scerdilaedas and Philip V fought in 217 BC for the cities of Antipatrea, Chrysondyon and Gertus (Polyb. 5,108); otherwise, only vici and castella are mentioned. D. was conquered by Philip. In 20…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Moesi, Moesia Settlement of the Illyrian Docleates (Ptol. 2,16,12; App. Ill. 16,46; Ptol. 2,16,8; Plin. HN 3,143; princeps civitatis Docleatium, ILJug 1853 [1]) in the interior of Crna Gora (Montenegro), now Duklja, at the junction of the Zeta and Morača in the Podgorica (formerly Titograd) region; was later a Flavian municipium Docleatium in the prov. Dalmatia ( Dalmatae, Dalmatia), confirmed in several inscriptions (collected by Sticotti [2]) as res p(ublica) Docleatium. Ruler cult attested. Excavations have …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Moesi, Moesia Roman municipium of the province of Dalmatia (Tab. Peut. 6,1) in the territory of the  Daesitiates along the Urpanus (Vrabas), in the mineral (gold, iron) district along the rivers Rama, Vrbas, Bistrica, Lašva near today's Bugojno (probably not Zenica, as Patsch believes, nor Vitez as Wilkes suggests) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Founded on the site of an important indigenous Iron Age settlement, possibly by the Flavian emperors (a large n…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Pannonia Ancient settlement (no prehistoric finds, the name is possibly pre-Celtic or Venetian) in the territory of the  Varciani, modern Ščitarjevo near Velika Gorica, 12 km south-east of Zagreb. River port, loading and rafting station on the  Savus (on an ancient trade route, cf. the myth of the  Argonauts), on the road from Siscia to Poetovio, later a   municipium Flavium in the province of  Pannonia. A.'s   patronus was the governor L.  Funisulanus Vettonianus (ILS 1005). Remains of the l…

[German version] Important statio between Fluvio Frigido and Longaticum (It. Burd. 560,3 f.), on the Augustan military route (cf. Fest. p. 7) which was built across the karst mountains (867 m) in order to shorten travel time from  Aquileia and  Tergeste to  Emona by two days. The native name (disputed) was understood to be ‘under the pear tree’, therefore the modern names of Hrušica, Birnbaumer Wald, Selva del Pero. A. was a posting station (Tab. Peut. 4,5), a statio of   beneficiarii consulares (Inscr. Ital. 10,4,348), and one of the fortifications within the praetentura Italiae et Al…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Legio | Moesi, Moesia Roman legion camp and municipium (now Šupljaja/Šuplja crkva -- camp, and Ivoševci near Kistanje -- municipium in the wider area of Knin, Croatia) on the Titius (Krka), centre of the local Liburnian Burnistae, one of the 14 Liburnian civitates that were administered by the conventus in  Scardona (Plin. HN 3,139; 3,142; Ptol. 2,16,10; Tab. Peut. 5,1), important Roman base during the occupation of  Illyricum, certainly during the wars of the future Augustus in 35-33 BC when the building of a Dalmatian limes …

[German version] Right-hand tributary of the Savus (Sava), modern Drina (length: 346 km); Ptol. 2,16,7 records that the D. flows west of Taurunum (Zemun) into the Savus. The D. is formed from the union of the Tara and Piva in the border region of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Montenegro; it forms the border between Bosnia-Herzegovina and Serbia. In some sources the name D. was erroneously applied to the river  Drilon, no doubt because both rivers flow close to each other in the extreme north of Albania. A road station ad Drinum (modern Brodac, north of Bijeljina) is mentioned in Tab. Peu…

[German version] Like Tragurium a colony of Greeks from Issa on the mainland south of Salona (later province Dalmatia), in a fertile region, well protected by its position on a peninsula, today Stobreč/Croatia (cf. Pol. 32,9; Ptol. 2,16,4; Tab. Peut. 5,3: Epetio, Portus Epetius; Geogr. Rav. 4,16 or 209,5: Epitio). Probably founded in the 3rd cent. BC (the protected harbour was used already in the 4th cent. BC) and most assuredly some amount of time before 158 BC when Issa complained that both settlements were attacked by the  Dalmatae (Pol. 32…

[German version] One of the Illyrian tribes in the province Dalmatia, subjugated with the greatest difficulty in 35-33 BC together with the Docleatae, Carni, Interphrurini, Naresii and the Taurisci by the future Augustus and forced to pay overdue taxes (App. Ill. 47: Γλιντιδίωνες; Glintidíōnes); thus they had already been subjugated previously. According to Plin. HN 3,143, the G. belonged with 44 decuriae to the conventus of Narona. It is not known where they settled, not even whether they are in some way to be connected with the Ditiones. Different localizations in the valleys of…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Moesi, Moesia | Pannonia (modern Plomin/Croatia); town on the eastern coast of the peninsula of Histria in Liburnia, province of Dalmatia. An earlier Liburnian fortress above the bay of F. gave the entire bay of Kvarner the name: sinus Flanaticus (Plin. HN 3,139; Artemidorus in Steph. Byz. s.v. Φλάνων). F. probably became a municipium under Augustus (rather than under Tiberius), and tribus Claudia and Sergia (AE 1973, 477) are attested; the Aquilii were one of the foremost families. The residents are called Flanonienses Vani…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae | Moesi, Moesia (τὰ Διάδωρα; tà Diádōra). Liburnian foundation of the Iron Age, later the most important city of Liburnia in the province of Dalmatia, modern Zadar (Italian Zara) in Croatia (Mela 2,57; Plin. HN 3,140 colonia Iader, cf. 141; 152; It. Ant. 272,1f.; cf. 496,7; 497,2; CIL III 2925). The inhabitants ( Iadertini) fought with Caesar against Pompey (Bell. Alex. 42). I. probably became a Roman colonia ( colonia Iulia; earlier documented as a conventus civium Romanorum) under Caesar. Traces of centuriatio…

[German version] Peninsula (4,437 km2) on the northern Adriatic between Tergeste and Tarsatica (Croatia/Slovenia). H. is derived from the Istri/Histri who already settled here in the 11th cent. BC (mentioned for the first time by Hecataeus, FGrH 1 F 91). Their settlements were on hills and on the coast ( gradine or castellieri) and had monumental fortifications; there is evidence of cremations in clay urns. The development of the Histri between the Veneti in the north, the Iapodes in the north-east and the Liburni in the south and south-west ca…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae | Moesi, Moesia Town in the province  Dalmatia (modern Čitluk near Sinj), on the road from Salona to Servitium (It. Ant. 269,6; Tab. Peut. 5,3, Geogr. Rav. 4,16).   colonia under emperor  Claudius (CIL III 1323; Ptol. 2,16,11). A. was the only town in Dalmatia to be founded on the basis of a veteran settlement, following the departure of the   legio VII from Tilurium. A. had a   conventus civium Romanorum , whose summus curator was Sex. Iulius Silvanus -- following the foundation of the colony one of its first…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Macedonia, Macedones (Λυχνιδός, Λυχνίς; Lychnidós, Lychnís). Capital city of the Illyrian Dassaretae ( Dassaretia) on the via Egnatia (Str. 7,7,4; It. Ant. 318), modern Ohrid in Macedonia on Lake Ohrid. Subjugated by Philip II (Diod. Sic. 16,8,1). It minted its own bronze coins under Philip V (obverse: Macedonian shield; reverse: bow of a ship and ΛΥΧΝΙΔ(Ι)ΩΝ). In 197 BC, L. with its territory fell to the Illyrian king Pleuratus (Pol. 5,108; 18,47,12; Liv. 27,32,9; 33,34,11). From 146 BC, L. belonged to the Roman province of Ma…

[German version] [1] City in Pannonia superior This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae | Pannonia City in Pannonia superior (It. Ant. 262,10), 18 miles from Savaria on the road to Arrabona and  Brigetio, near Sárvár on the middle section of the river Raab.   Šašel Kos, Marjeta (Ljubljana) [German version] [2] Roman city of  Pannonia inferior Roman city of  Pannonia inferior, near today's Petrovci and Putinci in eastern Srem on the road from Sirmium to Taurunum, in the region of the Scordisci and the pre-Celtic Amantini (CIL III 3224; Ptol.…

[German version] Town (Tab. Peut. 5,2; Geogr. Rav. 4,16; CIL XIII 6538) that developed partly from a Dalmatian settlement near Balina Glavica (near Drnis̆, Bosnia-Herzegovina, probably identical with Sinotium/Synodium: Str. 7,5,5; App. Ill. 78) and partly from a vicus close to the auxiliary camp near Umljanivići. Beneficiarii succeeded the auxiliary unit (cf. CIL III 9790; 14957ff.). Probably, MM was already a municipium under emperor M. Aurelius (cf. CIL III 9798). Šašel Kos, Marjeta (Ljubljana) Bibliography M. Zaninović, Ilirsko pleme Delmati II [The Illyrian Tribe of…

[German version] People in northern Dalmatia between the Istrian Arsia (modern Raša) and the Titius (modern Krka; Plin HN 3,139) including the islands off the coast and the town of Promona claimed by the Dalmatae on the other bank of the Titius (App Ill. 34; cf. Ps.-Scymn. 21). The mountain ranges of Učka, Gorski Kotar and Velebit in the eastern hinterland separate L. from the Iapodes. In the 3rd cent. BC, the latter gained access to the Adriatic at the Bay of Kvran at the expense of the L. The …

[German version] Road or postal and toll station, important pass (563 m, today Trojane/Slovenia) through the hills which separate  Emona from  Celeia, on the border between Italy and Noricum (It. Ant. 129,3; It. Hierosolymitanum 560,9; Tab. Peut. 4,2). Name of a pre-Celtic position of beneficiarii consulares. Findings from the Roman era: fragments of two gilt statues of horses, inscriptions, small findings, imperial era buildings (restored mansio, sanctuary?); documented in an inscription dating from the reign of Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Šašel Kos, Marjeta (Ljublja…

[German version] Celtic tribe (cf. triumph of M. Aemilius Scaurus de Galleis Karneis: CIL I 12,49), who may have arrived at the Adriatic coast towards the end of the 3rd cent. BC. C. are first mentioned in 181 BC as inhabiting the region later known as  Aquileia: Liv. 39,22,6f.; 40,34,2; 45,6; 54,2ff. According to Str. 4,6,9, they occupied the hinterland of Aquileia, together with some Norici ( Noricum) and the  Veneti (5,1,9); their relationship with these is not quite clear as, according to Str. 7,5,3, th…