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Evangelists, Symbols of the
(725 words)
[German Version] The Symbols of the Evangelists are found from the 5th century on: winged depictions of a human (angel), lion, ox, and eagle, representing the authors of the four canonical Gospels, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, respectively. This scheme was based on the Early Church's interpretation of the four living creatures (lion, ox, human, eagle) that, accor…
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Religion Past and Present
Predictive Prophecy/Divination
(1,842 words)
[German Version]
I. History of Religions …
Source:
Religion Past and Present
Dragon
(1,730 words)
[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. History of Art
I. History of Religions The word “dragon” (from Gk δράκων/
drákōn, “staring one”?) denotes especially snakes and (mostly gigantic) snake-like composite beings with a numinous aura, but also other composite beings (e.g. the Mesopotamian “lion dragon”:
RLA VII, 97–99). Dragons have only positive connotations in
East Asia, where they appear as kind heavenly beings, providers of rain and light, and guarantors of fertility. Dragons are also known positively in
West Asia, especially in the early Sumerian period, as em…
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Religion Past and Present
Descent into Hell
(2,415 words)
[German Version] I. New Testament – II. Dogma and the History of Dogma – III. Art History
I. New Testament Christ's descent into hell, i.e. his descent to the underworld, the realm of the dead, is, as
…
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Religion Past and Present
Constellations
(1,114 words)
[German Version] I. Ancient Near East and Old Testament – II. Greco-Roman World and the New …
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Religion Past and Present
Elijah the Prophet
(2,156 words)
[German Version] I. Old Testament – II. Judaism – III. New Testament – IV. Christianity
I. Old Testament Elijah, an Israelite prophet in the 9th century bce, was from transjordanian Tishbe in Gilead (not yet located with certainty); consequently, he bore the nickname “the Tishbite,” but only rarely the title “prophet.” He appeared in the Northern Kingdom and was active under kings Ahab (871–852) and Ahaziah (852–851). He is said not to have died but to have been taken up by God to heaven. The
traditions concerning Elijah occur in 1 Kgs 17–19; 21; …
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Religion Past and Present
Resurrection
(8,280 words)
[German Version]
I. Resurrection of the Dead
1. History of religions
a. Resurrection as a religious category. The concept of
resurrection has been shaped extensively by connotations drawn from the tradition of Christian theology. In this sense, it is understood as a unique event that takes the body and soul of a human being, separated at death, and reunites them for a new, eternal life in the next world. Here it serves to mark a distinction from other notions of a postmortal existence (e.g. re…
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Religion Past and Present
Fasting
(4,168 words)
[German Version] I. History of Religions – II. Old Testament – III. Christianity – IV. Ethics – V. Judaism – VI. Islam
I. History of Religions “Fasting” is a universally attested cultural technique to produce an expansion of mental and social control, power, or awareness (Asceticism) by restricting the intake of food. Many different types of and reasons for fasting can be found in the history of religions, and they are combined in various ways. Several studies have been produced with regard to individual religions …
Source:
Religion Past and Present