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Abel הבל
(558 words)
I. Name Abel is a novelistic figure in
Gen. 4. His name is etymologically related to
hebel ‘breath; nullity; vapor’ (Vanities). He has been related to the personal name
é-bil //
ʾà-bil in texts from Ebla. Within the paradigm that the antediluvian patriarchs were demigods or at least heroes, Gordon seems to suggest that Abel was a deity in Ebla (1988:154). In a later Jewish Hellenistic speculation Abel is seen as a judging angel. II. Identity The texts referred to by Gordon point to a person called *
Ebil and not to a deity. The name
é-bil (MEEI 338 s.v.
é-bil; MEE II 12 r. ii:6; II 7 r. i:…
Qatar
(530 words)
I. Name The name
qēdār, Qedar, carried by a tribe of the Ishmaelites as well as by its eponymous ancestor (
Gen. 25.13; 1 Chron. 1.29;
Isa. 21.16,
Isa. 17;
Isa. 42.11;
Isa. 60.7;
Jer. 2.10;
Jer. 49.28;
Ezek. 27.21;
Ps. 120.5;
Cant. 1.5), has been related to the alleged Amorite deity Qudur or Qadar (Lewy 1934:48). The suggestion lacks sufficient ground. II. Identity According to Lewy (1934:48 n. 48), the name of an Amorite deity Qudur/Qudar/ Qadar is attested as theophoric element in four Mesopotamian names:
qù-du-ur-ı̀-li (AO 9356:1);
qú-da-ri-li (BIN IV 25:34);
qá-dá-ar-an (Bauer 1…
Introduction
(2,031 words)
The
Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible (henceforth
DDD) is in some ways unlike any other dictionary in the field of biblical studies. This is the first catalogue of its kind, one which discusses all the gods and demons whose names are found in the Bible. Complementing the usual surveys and histories of Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Ugaritic, Syro-Palestinian, Persian, Greek, and Roman religion,
DDD assesses the impact of contemporary religions on Israel and the Early Church by focusing on those gods that actually left traces in the Bible. The deities and demons dealt with in th…
Preface to the Revised Edition
(268 words)
The first edition of
DDD, published in the summer of 1995, had to go through two printings in order to meet the demands of the market. The success of the book, also in terms of its academic standing, is a source of pride and gratitude for the editors and the many contributors. The ongoing demand for
DDD provided its editorial team also with an excellent opportunity to take a fresh look at the first edition in view of the preparation of a second, revised, edition. Many of the lacunae and occasional errors in
DDD1, signalled to us by friends and colleagues, could thus be repaired. The pre…