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(Κάρανος). [English version] [1] Ahnherr des maked. Königshauses Begründet nach Diod. 7,15-17 als Nachfahre des Herakleiden Temenos (Theopompos FGrH 115 F 393) nach der Einwanderung aus Argos das maked. Königshaus. Er ersetzt den bei Hdt. 8,137-139 als Stammvater der Makedonen genannten Perdikkas. Michel, Raphael (Basel) [English version] [2] angeblicher Sohn Philippos' II. Angeblicher Sohn von Philippos II., von Alexandros [4] d.Gr. nach Philippos' Tod umgebracht (Iust. 11,2,3). Da ihn Satyros bei Athenaios (12,557) nicht nennt, ist seine Existenz zweifelhaft. Badian, Ern…

(Ἔφιππος). [English version] [1] Schriftsteller zur Zeit Alexanders des Großen von Olynthos, in den letzten Jahren am Hof von Alexandros [4] d.Gr., schrieb später ein anekdotisches Werk ‘Über den Tod von Hephaistion und Alexandros. Da alle Fragmente (FGrH 126) aus Athenaios [3] stammen, beschreiben sie zumeist Gelage. Wir hören auch, daß Alexandros sich die Insignien verschiedener Götter anzulegen pflegte und wie Gorgos sich um die Befreiung von Samos bemühte. Die Gleichsetzung von E. mit einem Offizier von Alexandros in Ägypten (so Berve 2, Nr. 331) ist falsche Kombination. Badian…

(Ἑρμόλαος). [English version] [1] Verschwörer gegen Alexander d.Gr. Sohn des Sopolis, Page (Basilikoi paides) von Alexandros [4], kam dem König bei der Erlegung eines Wildschweins zuvor und wurde von ihm demütigend bestraft (327 v.Chr.). Zur Rache zettelte er unter den Pagen eine Verschwörung an, die aber fehlschlug und an den König verraten wurde. Die Beschuldigten wurden nach Folterung mit Zustimmung des Heeres zum Tode verurteilt und gesteinigt. Kallisthenes, als Gegner der Proskynesis dem Alexandros…

(Ἀρριδαῖος). [English version] [1] Fürst der obermaked. Elimeia (5. Jh. v. Chr.) Sohn oder Schwiegersohn des Makedonenkönigs Amyntas [1] I. und Fürst der obermaked. Elimeia (Schol. Thuk. 1,57,3). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philipps II., 1930, 78f.  HM, Bd. 2, 18f. [English version] [2] Vater des Makedonenkönigs Amyntas [3] III. (2.H. 5. Jh. v. Chr.) Sohn eines Amyntas, Enkel des Makedonenkönigs Alexandros [2] I. und Vater des Königs Amyntas [3] III. (Syll.3 135, 157; Diod. 15,60,3). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography Erringt…

(Λαομέδων, “Herrscher des Volks”). [English version] [1] myth. König von Troia Myth. König von Troia, Sohn des Ilos [1]. Söhne: Priamos, Hiketaon, Klytios [I4], Lampos, Tithonos (Hom. Il. 20,236ff.), der uneheliche Bukolion (ebd. 6,23), nach Ilias parva 29,4 PEG I auch Ganymedes [1]. Töchter: Antigone [4], Astyoche [2], Hesione [4] u.a. Die (in Einzelheiten divergierenden) Hauptquellen für seine Gesch. sind Homer (Il. 5,640ff.; 7,452f.; 20,145ff.; 21,441ff.), Apollodor (2,103f.; 134ff.) und Diodor (4,32; 4…

(Ἀντιγένης). [English version] [1] Dithyrambendichter, 5. Jh. v. Chr. Att. Dithyrambendichter, vermutlich der Autor einer Inschr. auf einem Dreifuß für den Sieg der Phyle Akamantis beim Dithyrambenwettstreit an den Dionysien (FGE 11-15). Die Quelle (Anth. Pal. 13,28) schreibt das Epigramm ›Simonides oder Bacchylides‹ zu, aber Hecker erkannte A. zwingend als Autor, der sich selbst den χοροδιδάσκαλος nennt [1.149-152]; der χορηγός und der αὐλητής werden auch genannt. Um die Eigennamen in das Versmaß zu bri…

(Ἀρραβαῖος). [English version] [1] König der Lynkestis (2.H. 5. Jh. v. Chr.) Sohn des Bromeros und König der Lynkestis, der 424/3 v.Chr. mit Brasidas und dem Makedonenkönig Perdikkas II. zusammenstieß (Thuk. 4,79,2; 83; 124ff.). Seine Unabhängigkeit wurde in einem zw. Athen und Perdikkas geschlossenen Vertrag festgelegt (IG I3 1,89; Datierung umstritten). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography HM Bd. 2, 14-19, 129-136  Borza, 150-154. [English version] [2] Aus dem Königshaus von Lynkestis (Mitte 4. Jh. v. Chr.) Aus dem Königshaus von Lynkestis. Er und ein Bruder (aber ni…

(Εὐρυδίκη). [English version] [1] Frau des Orpheus Häufiger Name griech. Heroinen, zuerst der Frau des Aineias in den Kypria (Paus. 10,26,1; Katalog [1. 193]). Am bekanntesten ist die Frau des Orpheus; den Mythos erzählen Vergil (georg. 4,453-527) und Ovid (met. 10,1-147; 11,1-66) in der seitdem kanonischen Form: An ihrem Hochzeitstag starb E. an einem Schlangenbiß; durch die Macht seiner Lieder konnte Orpheus die Unterweltsherrscher dazu bewegen, ihm E. unter der Bedingung zurückzugeben, daß er beim R…

[German version] [1] Author, 2nd cent. AD Author (probably 2nd cent. BC) of a Greek translation of  Virgil's Georgica, an epic about  Alexander [4] and numerous poems of praise of  Attalus. The works have been lost (Suda α 3867). Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) [2] A. of Nicomedia Greek philosopher and historian, born around AD 85-90 [German version] A. Name Inscriptions attest to the existence of L. Flavius Arrianus. ‘Flavius’ harks back to the patron whom the family owed their Roman citizenship: perhaps L. Flavius, cos. suff. in 33 BC or not until Vespasian (if A. was a younger …

(Λαομέδων; Laomédōn, ‘Ruler of the People’). [German version] [1] Mythical king of Troy Mythical king of Troy, son of Ilus [1]. Sons: Priamus, Hicetaon, Clytius [ I4], Lampus, Tithonus (Hom. Il. 20,236ff.), the illegitimate Bucolion (ibid. 6,23), and according to Ilias parva 29,4 PEG I Ganymede [1] as well. Daughters: Antigone [4], Astyoche [2], Hesione [4], etc. The main sources for his story (diverging in the details) are Homer (Il. 5,640ff.; 7,452f.; 20,145ff.; 21,441ff.), Apollodorus (2,103f.; 1…

(Ἀντιγένης; Antigénēs). [German version] [1] Dithyrambic poet Attic dithyrambic poet, presumably the author of an inscription on a tripod for the victory of the phyle  Acamantis in the dithyrambic competition in the Dionysia (FGE 11-15). The sources (Anth. Pal. 13,28) ascribe the epigram to ‘Simonides or Bacchylides’, but Hecker emphatically recognized Antigenes as the author; he calls himself the χοροδιδάσκαλος [1.149-152]; the χορηγός and αὐλητής are also mentioned. In order to put the names into verse, an unusual metre is used. The date is perhaps c. 485 BC. [2]. Robbins, Emmet (…

(Περδίκκας; Perdíkkas). [German version] [1] Founder of the Macedonian kingdom According to Herodotus (8,137-139), P. was the 7th-cent. BC founder of the Macedonian royal house and the Macedonian kingdom, whose beginnings lay in the region of the subsequent royal seat of Aegae [1]. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Die Entwicklung des makedonischen Reiches bis zu den Perserkriegen, in: Chiron 14, 1984, 345-348. [German version] [2] P. II Macedonian king, c. 450-413 BC Son of Alexander [2] I, king of Macedonia c. 450-413 BC, asserted himself against his brothers …

(Ἔφιππος; Éphippos). [German version] [1] Author in the period of Alexander the Great of Olynthus, at the court of  Alexander [4] the Great during the final years; he later wrote an anecdotal work ‘On the life and death of Hephaestion and Alexander’. As all extant fragments (FGrH 126) derive from  Athenaeus [3], they for the most part describe banquets. We also hear that Alexander was in the habit of putting on the insignia of various gods, and like  Gorgus sought the liberation of Samos. Identification of E. with an officer of Alexander in Egypt (cf. Berve 2, no. 331) is erroneously based. Badi…

(Κλείταρχος; Kleítarchos). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Eretria 343/42-341 BC Tyrant of Eretria. Even as a banned exile C. unsuccessfully attempted in 349/8 BC to seize Eretria, e.g., with the help of Philip II against an Athenian army under Phocion (Aeschin. In Ctes. 86-88 with Schol. [1. 318, n. 2]). Philip's intervention in Euboea in 343 and 342 [1. 502f., 545-549] brought C. to power (Dem. Or. 8,36; 9,57f.; 18,71; 19,87). Phocion expelled him in 341 (Philochorus FGrH 328 F 160; Diod. Sic. 16,74,1).  Tyrannis Cobet, Justus (Essen) Bibliography 1 N. G. L. Hammond, G. T. Griffith,…

(Λυκίσκος; Lykískos). [German version] [1] Governor of Epirus, late 4th cent. BC Appointed governor of Epirus by Cassander in 316 BC after the Epirotes had banished their king Aeacides [2] and joined Cassander there. After the synoecism of the eastern Acarnanians, he was ordered to protect them against the Aetolians. Aeacides returned and caused Epirus to rebel against Cassander, whose brother Philipus vanquished and killed him. When Alcetas [3] continued Aeacides' policy, L. defeated him after ferociou…

(Ἱέρων; Hiérōn). [German version] [1] H. I. Tyrant of Syracuse around 500 BC from Gela,  Deinomenid, brother of Gelon [1], born c. 540/530 BC. Married first a daughter of Nicocles of Syracuse (before 485), then of Anaxilaus of Rhegium ( c. 480) and finally of Xenocrates, a brother of Theron of Acragas ( c. 475). He was many times a victor in horse and chariot races in Delphi (482, 478, 470) and Olympia (476, 472, 468) [1. 208ff.]. Entrusted with the rulership of Gela by Gelon in 485, he succeeded the latter in 478 as tyrant of Syracuse. H. operat…

(Πολυδάμας/ Polydámas, in Homer with metrical lengthening Πουλυδάμας/ Poulydámas). [German version] [1] Trojan Trojan, son of Panthous. On the basis of his experience P. possesses an understanding of the past and the future. As an astute and level-headed counsellor he represents the pessimistic alter ego of Hector, the town’s defender, who was born on the same day as P. Nevertheless, at the decisive moment P.’ sensible advice (retreat into the town) is not taken heed of. At this occasion, his character is (n…

(Ἀριστόνους; Aristónous). [German version] [1] Founder of Acragas about 580 BC A. of Gela, one of the founders of Acragas about 580 BC (Thuc. 6,4,4). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [2] Brother-in-law of the tyrant  Gelon of Syracuse (1st half of 5th cent. BC) Brother-in-law of the tyrant  Gelon of Syracuse and one of the guardians of his son Timaeus (FGrH 566 F 21). Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [3] Macedonian officer (died 315 BC) Served as a   somatophylax (after 328 BC?) under  Alexander [4] and was  trierarch of the Hydaspes f…

(Γλαυκίας; Glaukías). [German version] [1] Bronze sculptor from Aegina Bronze sculptor from Aegina. According to Pausanias, he created statues of the boxers Glaucus, Philo and Theagenes in Olympia, whose victories or honours occurred in the 1st quarter of the 5th cent. BC. According to the description, they were depicted in motion, some of them at shadow-boxing; small bronze statues give at least an idea of this. He created a monument for Gelon of Syracuse after his chariot victory in 488 BC; parts of the base with inscriptions are preserved. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography Overb…

[German version] [1] Egyptian ruler of the 1st Dynasty From the 19th Dynasty on (13th cent. BC), the Egyptian king lists mention a king M. (Egyptuan Mnj; Manetho: Μήνης/ Mḗnēs) as the first ruler of the 1st Dynasty, and the authors of classical antiquity simply shaped his image into that of the founder par excellence. The construction of the residential city of Memphis and its temple (Hdt. 2,99; Jos. Ant. Iud. 8,155), the invention of writing (Plin. HN 7,56), the laying down of laws in writing (Diod. 1,94) and generally the…