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Faculties of the soul
(3,804 words)
Following the lead of Aristotle, the Islamic philosophers generally organise their discussions of animal and human psychology around the notion of the
faculties (or powers)
of the soul
(quwwāt al-nafs). Aristotle’s faculty psychology was itself a reaction to Plato’s earlier tripartite division of the soul in Book IV of the
Republic. A few Islamic authors appealed to Plato’s tripartite soul, but the majority accepted the Aristotelian framework and criticised the Platonic alternative. Most adherents to the Platonic tripartite soul invoke it in the context of their eth…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
Epistemology in philosophy
(6,428 words)
Although Islamic philosophers do not explicitly recognise a distinct branch of
philosophy that they label “
epistemology,” they discuss epistemological questions in their development of the theory of demonstrative science laid out by Aristotle (d. 322 B.C.E.) in his
Posterior analytics. Epistemological issues also arise in other logical texts, in metaphysics and ethics, and in the accounts of the soul’s cognitive operations in psychological texts. Other ancient philosophers, amongst them Plato (d. c.347 B.C.E.), the Greek physician Ga…
Source:
Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE
Date:
2021-07-19
