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al-Nubāhī (or, more probably, al-Bunnāhī

(413 words)

Author(s): Carmona, A.
, see M. Bencherifa, al-Bunnāhī lā al-Nubāhī , in Académia. Revue de l’Académie du Royaume du Maroc , xiii [1998], 71-89), Abu ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-D̲j̲ud̲h̲amī, equally known as Ibn al-Ḥasan , Andalusī jurist, adīb and historian of the period of the Naṣrids [ q.v.], born at Malaga in 713/1313 and died, probably at Granada, after 798/1389-90. He was ḳāḍī al-d̲j̲amāʿa [ q.v.] during almost the whole reign of the Naṣrid sultan Muḥammad V. His name often appears linked with that of Lisān al-Dīn Ibn al-Ḵh̲aṭīb [ q.v.], with whom he had a relationship that passed from friendshi…

Wazīr

(14,750 words)

Author(s): Zaman, Muhammad Qasim | Bianquis;, Th. | Eddé, Anne-Marie | Carmona, A. | Lambton, Ann K.S | Et al.
(a.), vizier or chief minister. I. In the Arab World 1. The ʿAbbāsids. Etymology The term wazīr occurs in the Ḳurʾān (XXV, 35: “We gave Moses the book and made his brother Aaron a wazīr with him”), where it has the sense of “helper”, a meaning well attested in early Islamic poetry (for examples, see Goitein, The origin of the vizierate, 170-1). Though several scholars have proposed Persian origins for the term and for the institution, there is no compelling reason to doubt the Arabic provenance of the term or an Arab-Islamic origin and evolution of the institution of the wazīr (cf. Goitein, op. ci…

Waḳf

(47,506 words)

Author(s): Peters, R. | Abouseif, Doris Behrens | Powers, D.S. | Carmona, A. | Layish, A. | Et al.
(a.), in Islamic law, the act of founding a charitable trust, and, hence the trust itself. A synonym, used mainly by Mālikī jurists, is ḥabs , ḥubus or ḥubs (in French often rendered as habous ). The essential elements are that a person, with the intention of committing a pious deed, declares part of his or her property to be henceforth unalienable ( ḥabs, taḥbīs ) and designates persons or public utilities as beneficiaries of its yields ( al-taṣadduḳ bi ’l-manfaʿa , tasbīl al-manfaʿa ). The Imāmī S̲h̲īʿa distinguish between waḳf and ḥabs, the latter being a precarious type of waḳf in which th…