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The race research that arose in the 19th century, also known as racial anthropology or physical anthropology, acted on the assumption of qualitative differences between the human “races” that were intended to be viewed as putatively superior or lesser. Jews were already considered by 18th century anthropologists to be an easily identifiable and homogeneous group. In spite of the diversity of phenotypes of Jews and Jewries, modern race research continued to maintain the thesis of a “Jewi…

Bei der Begründung der amerikanischen Kulturanthropologie ( Cultural Anthropology), einem der wichtigsten Zweige moderner anthropologischer Forschung, waren Juden von zentraler Bedeutung. Bei ihrer Entstehung wurde die Disziplin von jüdischen Wissenschaftlern – insbesondere von Franz Boas und seinen Schülern – angeführt, die angesichts eigener Erfahrungen mit dem Druck zur Akkulturation bemüht waren, Juden nicht zum Gegenstand anthropologischer Untersuchungen zu machen. Stattdessen befassten sich ihre U…

Die im 19. Jahrhundert aufkommende Rassenforschung, auch bekannt als Rassenanthropologie oder physische Anthropologie, ging von qualitativen Unterschieden zwischen vermeintlich höher und niedriger anzusehenden menschlichen »Rassen« aus. Juden galten schon den Anthropologen des 18. Jahrhunderts als leicht identifizierbare und homogene Gruppe. Trotz der Vielfalt äußerer Erscheinungsformen von Juden und Judenheiten hielt die moderne Rassenforschung weithin an der These von einem »jüdischen Rassetyp…

Jews were vitally important in the founding of American cultural anthropology, one of the most important branches of modern anthropological research. In its inception, the discipline was led by Jewish scholars – especially by Franz Boas and his students, who, in view of their own experiences with the pressure to acculturate, were concerned not to make Jews the subjects of anthropological investigations. Instead, their investigations were primarily concerned with the cultures of American indigenous peoples.1. On terminologyAmerican cultural anthropology is that branch o…

[German Version] I. Terminology – II. History – III. Medicine Today – IV. Bible – V. Medicine and Religion I. Terminology The word medicine dervies from Latin medicina, strictly speaking an adjective modifying ars but also used independently as a noun ( medicina, -ae, fem.); the phase means “the art of healing” and is thus the Latin equivalent of Greek τέχνη ἰατρική/ téchnē iatrikḗ. The term indicates that before medicine became the domain of a university faculty in the late Middle Ages, the profession was classed as an ars mechanica (rather than liberalis). The same root is used …