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Aphasia (Aphasia) is a language impairment due to an acquired brain damage. The main causes for brain damage that induces aphasia are cerebral vascular stroke, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor, or brain tumor removal. It may be represented by a variety of impairments in spoken language, repetition of words and sentences, verbal auditory comprehension, and may also affect reading and writing (Benson and Ardilla 1996). Given that for most people (both right-handed and left-handed), language is represented in the left hemisphere of the brain, aphasia usually …

Dyslexia is a selective reading impairment, which can be acquired following brain damage, or be developmental, i.e., from birth (Marshall 1984; Castles and Coltheart 1993; Temple 1997; Castles et al. 1999; 2006; Jones et al. 2011; Coltheart and Kohnen 2012; Friedmann and Haddad-Hanna forthcoming). It results from a selective impairment in one of the components of single-word reading. The single-word reading process is a multi-component process, and impairments in different components give rise t…